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Amaan M, Saha S, Aneja PS, Rathee SK, Vohra P. Use of Adult Dry Human Mandibles to Study of Mandibular Foramen from Various Bony Landmarks. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S666-S668. [PMID: 38595526 PMCID: PMC11000888 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_927_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Precise knowledge of the mandibular foramen's location is essential for clinical and surgical procedures, especially the inferior alveolar nerve block. Variability in its position concerning different bony landmarks can significantly impact clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods This study examined 30 Adult dry human mandibles to determine the mandibular foramen's positions in relation to specific bony landmarks: the occlusal plane, posterior border of the ramus, and lingula. Measurements were obtained using a calibrated digital caliper, and statistical analysis was performed. Results The study revealed significant variations in the position of the mandibular foramen. In relation to the occlusal plane, the mandibular foramen was found at an average height of approximately 15.2 mm (±2.1 mm). Regarding the posterior border of the ramus, it was situated at an average distance of about 18.5 mm (±3.4 mm). In relation to the lingula, the average distance was approximately 21.8 mm (±4.0 mm). These results underscore the considerable individual differences and anatomical variations in the mandibular foramen's location among the studied specimens. Conclusion The observed variations in the position of the mandibular foramen emphasize the need for clinicians and surgeons to be cognizant of these differences when performing procedures involving the inferior alveolar nerve block. Understanding these anatomical variations is crucial for enhancing clinical precision, reducing complications, and ensuring optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amaan
- PhD Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Susmita Saha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Prachi Saffar Aneja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | | | - Puneeta Vohra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Pendleton M, Moss ME, Wu Q, Tempel R, Garcia R, Al-Dajani M. Payment Methods and Demographics Influence Patterns of Dental Service Utilization. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:929-935. [PMID: 37290126 PMCID: PMC10549891 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the patterns of specific dental service utilization among the various sociodemographic groups in North Carolina served by the East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine (ECU SoDM). DESIGN This was a descriptive study utilizing self-reported patients' sociodemographic information, payment method history, and CDT codes of procedures performed. Deidentified clinical data recorded for 26 710 patients and 534 983 procedures from 2011 to 2020 were extracted from a centralized axiUm database. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0. Cross-tabulations between dental service utilizations, patients' demographics, and payment method were performed using chi-square analysis. SETTING Nine dental clinic sites across the state of North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS In total, 26 710 adults 23 years to older than 65 years were included in the sample for this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In total, 534 983 procedure codes completed for the eligible patients were cross-tabulated with payment method. RESULTS Payment method was significantly related to individual characteristics including location of service, age, race, ethnicity, and untreated decay ( P < .001). Payment method is associated with the dental service type utilized by an individual ( P < .001). Patients who received Medicaid benefits were more likely to receive restorative procedures, removable prosthetics, or oral surgery. Despite NC Medicaid covering preventive procedures, patients who received Medicaid benefits showed lower utilization of preventive procedures than expected. Privately insured or self-paying individuals demonstrated a greater variety of service option utilization, as well as more frequent usage of more specialized procedure options such as endodontics, periodontics, fixed prosthodontics, and implants. CONCLUSIONS Payment method was found to be related to patients' demographics and type of dental service utilized. Adults older than 65 years demonstrated a higher proportion of self-payment for dental care, indicating a lack of payment options for this population. In the interest of providing care for underserved populations in North Carolina, policy makers should consider expanding dental coverage for adults older than 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pendleton
- School of Dental Medicine (Mr Pendleton, and Drs Moss, Tempel, and Al-Dajani) and Department of Public Health (Dr Wu), East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Garcia)
| | - Mark E. Moss
- School of Dental Medicine (Mr Pendleton, and Drs Moss, Tempel, and Al-Dajani) and Department of Public Health (Dr Wu), East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Garcia)
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Dental Medicine (Mr Pendleton, and Drs Moss, Tempel, and Al-Dajani) and Department of Public Health (Dr Wu), East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Garcia)
| | - Rob Tempel
- School of Dental Medicine (Mr Pendleton, and Drs Moss, Tempel, and Al-Dajani) and Department of Public Health (Dr Wu), East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Garcia)
| | - Raul Garcia
- School of Dental Medicine (Mr Pendleton, and Drs Moss, Tempel, and Al-Dajani) and Department of Public Health (Dr Wu), East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Garcia)
| | - Mahmoud Al-Dajani
- School of Dental Medicine (Mr Pendleton, and Drs Moss, Tempel, and Al-Dajani) and Department of Public Health (Dr Wu), East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Garcia)
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Sharma J, Mehta M, Bhardwaj SB, Jain A, Bhushan J, Jhamb S. Acquisition of potential reservoirs of nosocomial infection on gadgets and clothing in the dental hospital setting: An epidemiological study. J Conserv Dent Endod 2023; 26:709-712. [PMID: 38292737 PMCID: PMC10823985 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_174_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Introduction During dental procedures, dental professionals as well as patients are exposed to pathogens and toxic substances, which may be transmitted through direct or indirect contact. Their clothing is visibly soiled during the procedures. Their hands can serve as vectors for the transmission of pathogens. Use of mobiles, laptop, and other gadgets tend to increase the chances of microbial colonization on these surfaces. The objective of the study is to screen for the presence of microorganism the most common items pertaining to our daily personal utility which are being used in the hospital settings, to access the microbial load and their potential hazards. Materials and Methods In this study, 80 samples were collected from different personal utility items such as white coats, mobiles, hand towels, and laptops. These samples were evaluated for the presence of any microbial colonization on them. Results All the sampled surfaces showed the presence of microorganisms and all showed polymicrobial growth. Conclusion These identified surfaces should be cleaned and decontaminated on regular basis to prevent the transmission of pathogens in the dental hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjula Mehta
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonia Bhonchal Bhardwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagat Bhushan
- Department of Conservatives and Endodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swaty Jhamb
- Department of Conservatives and Endodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Sharma N, Reche A. Unraveling the Relationship Between Osteoporosis, Treatment Modalities, and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49399. [PMID: 38146583 PMCID: PMC10749737 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the intricate interplay between osteoporosis, its treatment approaches, and oral health. The examination underscores the substantial impact of osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone density, on various oral health parameters such as periodontal health, tooth loss, and jawbone density. While pharmacological interventions, including bisphosphonates and hormone replacement therapy, play a crucial role in managing osteoporosis, they necessitate careful consideration, particularly about the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw. A comprehensive approach involving collaboration between dentists and healthcare providers is imperative for holistic patient care. Implementing screening protocols for osteoporosis in dental settings and meticulously planning dental procedures for patients undergoing osteoporosis treatments are vital aspects of clinical practice. This review also sheds light on emerging trends in osteoporosis research, such as the influence of genetic factors and the microbiome, emphasizing the necessity for innovative treatment modalities. In conclusion, the review provides valuable insights into the nuanced connections between osteoporosis and oral health, thereby laying a foundation for informed clinical practices and guiding future research initiatives. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of optimizing dental procedures and assessing long-term oral health outcomes as critical avenues for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sharma
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Luo H, Moss ME, Basu R, Grant FT. Rural-Urban Differences in Use of Dental Services and Procedures Among Medicare Beneficiaries in 2018. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:788-795. [PMID: 36239470 PMCID: PMC10467503 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221128336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medicare beneficiaries in rural areas may face challenges in access to dental care. This study assessed rural-urban differences in the use of dental services and dental procedures by Medicare beneficiaries. METHODS We obtained data from the 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey cost and use files. Outcome variables examined in this study were (1) dental visits (yes/no), whether the Medicare beneficiary had ≥1 dental visit in the past year, and (2) dental procedures-preventive (yes/no), restorative (yes/no), and surgical procedures (yes/no)-whether the beneficiary had the procedure in a dental visit. The independent variable was the beneficiary's residence (rural vs urban). We used multiple logistic regression to analyze data and accounted for the survey design of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The analytic sample included 7377 respondents aged ≥65 years. RESULTS Approximately 57.0% (95% CI, 54.9%-59.0%) and 46.4% (95% CI, 41.6%-51.2%) of Medicare beneficiaries in urban and rural communities in the United States had a dental visit in 2018, respectively. Rural beneficiaries were significantly less likely than their urban counterparts to have preventive procedures (adjusted odds ratio = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.72) but significantly more likely to have restorative procedures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.62). CONCLUSION We found significant disparities in use of dental services by Medicare beneficiaries in rural communities. When Medicare beneficiaries in rural areas used dental care, they were less likely than beneficiaries in urban areas to have preventive procedures but more likely to have restorative procedures, suggesting a greater burden of oral health needs among them. Policy research is needed to identify models that can incentivize prevention and improve access to dental care for Medicare beneficiaries in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Luo
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Mark E. Moss
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rashmita Basu
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ford T. Grant
- Ahoskie Community Service Learning Center, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Ahoskie, NC, USA
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Mistry H, Fernandes S, Haq MA, Bafna Y, Bhatt R, Sinha S, Gajjar S, Kumar S, Haque M. Iontophoresis-Infused Deep Topical Anesthesia and Injectable Local Anesthesia for Dental Procedures Among Pediatric Patients: Performances and Consequences. Cureus 2023; 15:e43748. [PMID: 37600432 PMCID: PMC10439667 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploring routes of needle-free anesthesia has drawn particular attention to the iontophoretic technique. Iontophoresis has a wide range of applications in dentistry, treating hypersensitivity, oral ulcers, non-invasive procedures of deep topical anesthesia, etc. Hence, this research was performed for a comparative assessment of topical anesthesia spray infused via iontophoresis and local anesthesia (LA) infiltration for dental procedures among 5-12-year-old patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was undertaken over two years among study subjects aged 5 to 12 years. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the first (Group A - iontophoresis group) received topical anesthesia spray (Lidayn®; Pyrax Polymers, Roorkee, India) applied by iontophoresis, and the second (Group B - LA infiltration group) received local infiltration of 2% lignocaine solution (LignoTer®; Lusture Pharma, Ahmedabad, India), where primary teeth extraction or pulpectomy was performed. The Wong-Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) was used for a subjective assessment immediately following anesthesia. RESULTS The mean value of current intensity for the extraction procedure was 9.43±0.95 mA, and the duration of application was 1.85±0.80 minutes. The mean value of current intensity for pulpectomy was 9.07±1.34 mA, and the time was 2.40±0.74 minutes. In inter-group comparison, WBFPRS scores were lower in Group A (1.96±1.64) compared to Group B (3.62±1.11), which was statistically significant with p=0.001. CONCLUSION Compared to local infiltration, iontophoresis as a non-invasive approach for topical anesthesia was more well-received by pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Mistry
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Shobha Fernandes
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, IND
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Bio-Statistics, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BGD
| | - Yash Bafna
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, IND
| | - Rohan Bhatt
- Pediatric Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Shreya Gajjar
- Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Afzal MA, Ozgur SS, Shamoon Y, Abboud R, Shamoon F. When a Tooth Pulls the Heart Strings: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Post-dental Extraction. Cureus 2023; 15:e42044. [PMID: 37602089 PMCID: PMC10432250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is a temporary left ventricular dysfunction caused by a catecholamine surge under severe stress. It's characterized by chest pain, non-specific ECG changes, and left ventricular apical ballooning observed during catheterization. We present a case of a 59-year-old postmenopausal female with a past medical history of asthma who arrived at the ED complaining of chest pain following dental extraction. The patient's abnormal ECG findings and elevated cardiac enzymes required cardiac catheterization, which revealed normal coronary vasculature but demonstrated left ventricular apical ballooning. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed septal left ventricular hypertrophy, decreased ejection fraction (EF), and akinetic segments consistent with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Secondary takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by stress in the setting of dental procedures like a tooth extraction for a periapical dental abscess is rarely described in the literature. Our case serves as a reminder of the potential for stress-induced cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal women, especially those with undiagnosed underlying anxiety disorders, even following minimally invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sacide S Ozgur
- Internal Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| | - Yezin Shamoon
- Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| | - Rachel Abboud
- Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| | - Fayez Shamoon
- Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
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Simoni Malushi E, Isufi R, Kadaifciu D. Guided Bone Regeneration Effects on Bone Quantity and Outcomes of Dental Implants in Patients With Insufficient Bone Support: A Single-Center Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38988. [PMID: 37378176 PMCID: PMC10292071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is used to influence on stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone quantity and anatomical problems. But many studies using GBR resulted in divergent results according to the efficiency of new bone quantity formation and implant survival. This research aimed to study the effects of GBR on the increase of bone quantity and short-term stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone support. Methodology The study included 26 patients that underwent the procedure for 40 dental implants from September 2020 to September 2021. In each case, the vertical bone support was intraoperatively measured, through the MEDIDENT Italia paradontal millimetric probe (Medident Italia, Carpi, Italy). The vertical bone defect was considered when the mean vertical depth between the abutment junction and the marginal bone was greater than 1mm up to 8mm. In the group with the presence of the vertical bone defect, GBR technique was used during the procedure of dental implants realized with synthetic bone graft, resorbable membrane, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and the group was considered the study (GBR) group. The group of patients with no vertical bone defects (less than 1mm) and no need for any GBR technique use was considered the control (no-GBR) group. The bone support was evaluated again intraoperatively after six months in both groups when the healing abutments were positioned. The vertical bone defect for each group in baseline and after six months is presented as mean±SD and compared using a t-test. A t-test for Equality of Means was used to calculate the mean depth difference (MDD) between baseline and six months values in each group (GBR and no-GBR) and also between both groups. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results Overall 40 dental implants were placed, 20 of them were included in the GBR group and 20 in the no-GBR group. In the GBR group, a statistically significant greater mean vertical bone defect in baseline (day 1), compared to the no-GBR group was found (-4.46±2.76 vs -0.27±0.22; MDD = -4.19 [-5.44 to -2.94] p<0.001). At six months of follow-up in the GBR group, a new bone around the implant was formed, presenting a significantly lower bone defect compared to the baseline measure (-0.39±0.43 vs -4.46±2.76; MDD = -4.07 mm [-5.37 to -2.78] p<0.001). In six months, no statistically significant difference between GBR and no-GBR group in bone support was found (-0.39±0.43 vs -0.27±0.22; MDD = -0.19 [-0.40 to -0.03] p=0.10). In each group, only one implant failure was observed. Conclusions The use of GBR showed an important reduction of vertical depth defect between healing abutment and marginal bone predisposing similar short-term stability and survival of dental implants. The use of GBR techniques could be essential in the stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Isufi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Dental Clinic, Tirana, ALB
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Alwakeel A, Arakkal Vettath M, Eltanany MA, Waznah R, Aloufi A. Odontogenic Keratocyst Presented as Multi-Locular Radiolucency in Mandibular Canine and Premolar Region: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e39291. [PMID: 37346195 PMCID: PMC10281079 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) was first described by Philipsen in 1956. They are benign cysts of odontogenic origin that behave aggressively and have a high recurrence rate. The present case report describes an unusual presentation of OKC as a multi-locular lesion in the anterior mandible. A 14-year-old male patient was referred to the oral maxillofacial surgery clinic in Tabuk Specialist Dental Centre by his orthodontist to evaluate a radiolucent lesion that had been identified in his lower anterior teeth during an OPG examination. The patient was medically fit and had multiple previous dental restorations. An intraoral examination revealed a small bony expansion in the cystic lesion on the buccal side. The panoramic radiograph showed well-defined multi-locular radiolucencies in the lower left canine area, despite there being no tooth resorption; however, there was a slight divergence noted between the teeth. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the subsequent histopathological examination revealed a cystic lesion diagnosed as an odontogenic keratocyst. The six-month follow-up OPG showed that the site had completely healed without any lesions recurring. OKCs can present at any age, irrespective of gender. The differential diagnosis included a lateral periodontal cyst or a radicular cyst when the tooth was not vital. In this case, the six-month follow-up OPG following surgery revealed no recurrence, although a close follow-up is recommended because of the high recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Arakkal Vettath
- Pediatric Dentistry, Tabuk Specialist Dental Center, Ministry of Health in Tabuk City, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | - Rayyan Waznah
- Restorative Dentistry, Tabuk Dental Center, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Abdullah Aloufi
- Restorative Dentistry, Special Needs Dentistry, Tabuk Specialist Dental Center, Ministry of Health in Tabuk City, Tabuk, SAU
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Thornhill MH, Gibson TB, Yoon F, Dayer MJ, Prendergast BD, Lockhart PB, O'Gara PT, Baddour LM. Endocarditis, invasive dental procedures, and antibiotic prophylaxis efficacy in US Medicaid patients. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37103475 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended before invasive dental procedures to prevent endocarditis in those at high risk, but supporting data are sparse. We therefore investigated any association between invasive dental procedures and endocarditis, and any antibiotic prophylaxis effect on endocarditis incidence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cohort and case-crossover studies were performed on 1,678,190 Medicaid patients with linked medical, dental, and prescription data. RESULTS The cohort study identified increased endocarditis incidence within 30 days of invasive dental procedures in those at high risk, particularly after extractions (OR 14.17, 95% CI 5.40-52.11, p < 0.0001) or oral surgery (OR 29.98, 95% CI 9.62-119.34, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced endocarditis incidence following invasive dental procedures (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.53, p < 0.0001). Case-crossover analysis confirmed the association between invasive dental procedures and endocarditis in those at high risk, particularly following extractions (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.65-5.27, p < 0.005) and oral surgery (OR 10.66, 95% CI 5.18-21.92, p < 0.0001). The number of invasive procedures, extractions, or surgical procedures needing antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent one endocarditis case was 244, 143 and 71, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Invasive dental procedures (particularly extractions and oral surgery) were significantly associated with endocarditis in high-risk individuals, but AP significantly reduced endocarditis incidence following these procedures, thereby supporting current guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Thornhill
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health - Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Frank Yoon
- IBM Watson Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark J Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, Somerset Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Peter B Lockhart
- Department Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health - Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick T O'Gara
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Mutashar HA, Abdulrazaq SS. Evaluation and Comparison of Physics Forceps and Conventional Forceps in Bilateral Dental Extraction: A Randomized, Split-Mouth, Clinical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38206. [PMID: 37252611 PMCID: PMC10225155 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interest in atraumatic tooth extraction has increased because it aims to preserve the dental alveolus. Several tools have been designed for atraumatic extraction, including the recently invented physics forceps. This study aims to assess the physics forceps and compare the clinical outcomes to the conventional forceps. Methodology A prospective, randomized, split-mouth, single-blind study was conducted among 20 healthy patients needing bilateral extraction. Participants were randomly assigned to perform physics forceps extraction on one quadrant and conventional forceps extraction on the opposite quadrant. Clinical outcomes were recorded and compared, including time taken for extraction, root fracture, buccal cortical plate fracture, postoperative pain, patient satisfaction, and post-extraction socket healing. Results The mean extraction time of physics forceps was shorter than conventional forceps but without statistical significance. Root and buccal cortical plate fractures were lower in the physics forceps group. Statistical difference in postoperative pain was found on the third postoperative day as pain scored higher in the physics group (p = 0.038). Higher patient satisfaction was found in the physics forceps group (85%). Post-extraction socket healing was equal in 75% of the cases. Conclusions Physics forceps is a novel and efficient atraumatic dental extractor. It reduces intraoperative time, is associated with higher patient satisfaction, and has comparable clinical outcomes to conventional forceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam A Mutashar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IRQ
| | - Saif S Abdulrazaq
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IRQ
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12
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Celik ZC, Elbek Cubukcu C. COVID-19 Reflections on Restorative Treatments of Permanent First Molars. Cureus 2023; 15:e36394. [PMID: 36945234 PMCID: PMC10026365 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It is important to provide appropriate dental care for newly erupted permanent first molars (PFMs) since they are susceptible to caries. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant changes in the way dental services are provided to patients, the purpose of this study is to examine the procedure records assigned to PFMs of 6-15 year-olds during the pandemic and analyze the restorative material preferences of the residents of public dental hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Procedure records of patients aged between 6-15 years were extracted from the Public Oral and Dental Health Center, Bursa, Türkiye. All teeth groups except PFMs were excluded, while extracted, survived (restorative/endodontic/prosthetic procedures), and prevented (fissure sealant application) PFMs were analyzed retrospectively. Furthermore, restorative material preferences were analyzed by arch location, cavity surfaces, and dentition types. RESULTS Strong positive correlation was seen between age and PFM extraction (r=0.973; p<0.001) and age and PFM restorative treatments (r= 0.966; p<0.001); a negative correlation was detected between age and fissure sealants (r= -0.984; p<0,001) performed on PFMs of 8-15-year-olds. Amalgam was most often preferred as the restorative material (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The distribution of treatments and dental restorations can vary based on many factors, and the pandemic conditions may have changed treatment preferences to favor preventive dentistry. The excess of multi-surface restorations may be related to the delay of treatment applications during COVID-19.
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13
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Deglovič J, Remková A. Dental interventions in oral antithrombotic therapy. Vnitr Lek 2023; 69:31-36. [PMID: 36931879 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dentists commonly encounter patients taking oral antithrombotic agents who require invasive dental procedures. Although antithrombotics can cause an increase in bleeding, there is consensus that treatment regimens with antiplatelet agents, older anticoagulants (warfarin) and direct oral anticoagulants should not be altered before routine dental procedures when the risk of bleeding is low. Thromboembolic risk of their discontinuing likely outweighs potential bleeding complications associated with surgery. Therefore, the risks of stopping or reducing these medications must be weighed against the potential consequences of prolonged bleeding, which can be controlled with local measures such as mechanical pressure, suturing, haemostatic agents or antifibrinolytics. Some patients who are taking antithrombotic medications may have additional comorbid conditions or receive other therapy that can increase the risk of prolonged bleeding after dental treatment. Where a patient is believed to be at high bleeding risk, the dentist should consider a consultation with the patient's physician to discuss temporarily discontinuing the antithrombotic therapy.
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14
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Thornhill MH, Gibson TB, Pack C, Rosario BL, Bloemers S, Lockhart PB, Springer B, Baddour LM. Quantifying the risk of prosthetic joint infections after invasive dental procedures and the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:43-52.e12. [PMID: 36470690 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentists face the expectations of orthopedic surgeons and patients with prosthetic joints to provide antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before invasive dental procedures (IDPs) to reduce the risk of late periprosthetic joint infections (LPJIs), despite the lack of evidence associating IDPs with LPJIs, lack of evidence of AP efficacy, risk of AP-related adverse reactions, and potential for promoting antibiotic resistance. The authors aimed to identify any association between IDPs and LPJIs and whether AP reduces LPJI incidence after IDPs. METHOD The authors performed a case-crossover analysis comparing IDP incidence in the 3 months immediately before LPJI hospital admission (case period) with the preceding 12-month control period for all LPJI hospital admissions with commercial or Medicare supplemental or Medicaid health care coverage and linked dental and prescription benefits data. RESULTS Overall, 2,344 LPJI hospital admissions with dental and prescription records (n = 1,160 commercial or Medicare supplemental and n = 1,184 Medicaid) were identified. Patients underwent 4,614 dental procedures in the 15 months before LPJI admission, including 1,821 IDPs (of which 18.3% had AP). Our analysis identified no significant positive association between IDPs and subsequent development of LPJIs and no significant effect of AP in reducing LPJIs. CONCLUSIONS The authors identified no significant association between IDPs and LPJIs and no effect of AP cover of IDPs in reducing the risk of LPJIs. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In the absence of benefit, the continued use of AP poses an unnecessary risk to patients from adverse drug reactions and to society from the potential of AP to promote development of antibiotic resistance. Dental AP use to prevent LPJIs should, therefore, cease.
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15
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Qi F, Huang H, Wang M, Rong W, Wang J. Applications of Antioxidants in Dental Procedures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As people are paying more and more attention to dental health, various dental treatment procedures have emerged, such as tooth bleaching, dental implants, and dental restorations. However, a large number of free radicals are typically produced during the dental procedures. When the imbalance in distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is induced, oxidative stress coupled with oxidative damage occurs. Oral inflammations such as those in periodontitis and pulpitis are also unavoidable. Therefore, the applications of exogenous antioxidants in oral environment have been proposed. In this article, the origin of ROS during dental procedures, the types of antioxidants, and their working mechanisms are reviewed. Additionally, antioxidants delivery in the complicated dental procedures and their feasibility for clinical applications are also covered. Finally, the importance of safety assessment of these materials and future work to take the challenge in antioxidants development are proposed for perspective.
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16
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Thornhill MH, Gibson TB, Yoon F, Dayer MJ, Prendergast BD, Lockhart PB, O'Gara PT, Baddour LM. Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis Before Invasive Dental Procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1029-1041. [PMID: 35987887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before invasive dental procedures (IDPs) is recommended to prevent infective endocarditis (IE) in those at high IE risk, but there are sparse data supporting a link between IDPs and IE or AP efficacy in IE prevention. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between IDPs and IE, and the effectiveness of AP in reducing this. METHODS We performed a case-crossover analysis and cohort study of the association between IDPs and IE, and AP efficacy, in 7,951,972 U.S. subjects with employer-provided Commercial/Medicare-Supplemental coverage. RESULTS Time course studies showed that IE was most likely to occur within 4 weeks of an IDP. For those at high IE risk, case-crossover analysis demonstrated a significant temporal association between IE and IDPs in the preceding 4 weeks (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.59-2.52; P = 0.002). This relationship was strongest for dental extractions (OR: 11.08; 95% CI: 7.34-16.74; P < 0.0001) and oral-surgical procedures (OR: 50.77; 95% CI: 20.79-123.98; P < 0.0001). AP was associated with a significant reduction in IE incidence following IDP (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; P = 0.01). The cohort study confirmed the associations between IE and extractions or oral surgical procedures in those at high IE risk and the effect of AP in reducing these associations (extractions: OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03-0.34; P < 0.0001; oral surgical procedures: OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01-0.35; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a significant temporal association between IDPs (particularly extractions and oral-surgical procedures) and subsequent IE in high-IE-risk individuals, and a significant association between AP use and reduced IE incidence following these procedures. These data support the American Heart Association, and other, recommendations that those at high IE risk should receive AP before IDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Thornhill
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center-Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | - Frank Yoon
- IBM Watson Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark J Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, Somerset Foundation Trust, Taunton, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter B Lockhart
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center-Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick T O'Gara
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Bolger A, Kazi DS. Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Endocarditis Prior to Invasive Dental Procedures: Filling in the Gaps. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1042-1044. [PMID: 35987888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Bolger
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Dhruv S Kazi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Springer BD, Baddour LM, Lockhart PB, Thornhill MH. Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Prosthetic Joint Patients Undergoing Invasive Dental Procedures: Time for a Rethink? J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:1223-1226. [PMID: 35158002 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, it has been common practice to recommend that dentists provide antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before invasive dental procedures (IDPs) to prevent late periprosthetic joint infections (LPJIs) in patients who have prosthetic arthroplasties despite lack of evidence for a causal relationship between IDP and LPJI and a lack of evidence for AP efficacy. METHODS A recent study quantified the IDP incidence over the 15-month period prior to LPJI hospital admissions in the United Kingdom for which dental records were available. A case-crossover analysis compared IDP incidence in the 3 months before LPJI admission with the preceding 12 months. The English population was used because guidelines do not recommend AP and any relationship between IDPs and LPJI should be fully exposed. RESULTS No significant positive association was identified between IDPs and LPJI. Indeed, the incidence of IDPs was lower in the 3 months before LPJI hospital admission than that in the preceding 12 months. CONCLUSION In the absence of a significant positive association between IDPs and LPJI, there is no rationale to administer AP before IDPs in patients with prosthetic joints, particularly given the cost and inconvenience of AP, the risk of adverse drug reactions, and the potential for unnecessary AP use that promotes antibiotic resistance. These results should reassure orthopedic surgeons and their patients that dental care of patients who have prosthetic joints should focus on maintaining good oral hygiene rather than on recommending AP for IDPs. Moreover, it should also reassure those in other countries where AP is not recommended that such guidance is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Springer
- OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center and Atrium Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Peter B Lockhart
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center - Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Martin H Thornhill
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center - Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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19
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Champagne PA, Bourassa M, Desjardins MP, Cloutier S, Demers C, Singbo NU, Néron H, Pelland-Marcotte MC. Post-procedural bleeding rate and haemostatic treatment use for dental procedures before and after the implementation of a standardized protocol for people with inherited bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 2022; 28:806-813. [PMID: 35751905 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persons with inherited bleeding disorders are at a substantial risk of bleeding following dental procedures. AIM To compare the outcomes and use of haemostatic treatment pre- and post-implementation of a standardized protocol for dental procedures at a Hemophilia Treatment Centre. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of outpatient and inpatient dental procedures and maxillofacial surgeries sustained by people with bleeding disorders treated at a comprehensive Hemophilia Treatment Centre (2013-2020), comparing patients' outcomes before and after the introduction of the protocol in 2018. The protocol, built using a multidisciplinary approach, suggested haemostatic treatment based on the invasiveness of the dental procedure and the proposed anaesthesia. Our primary outcome was the rate of procedural bleeding leading to medical or dental reintervention within 10 days. Secondary outcomes included the use of systemic haemostatic treatment and treatment-related adverse effects. RESULTS Overall, 137 dental procedures in 95 patients (median age: 29 years; 78% males; 74% haemophilia, 14% von Willebrand disease, 12% other disorders) were included. Seventeen procedural bleedings were reported (12.4%). Procedural bleeding occurred in 14.8% and 8.9% of patients in the control and intervention groups (p = .304). No major bleeding occurred. Tranexamic acid was used more consistently after protocol implementation (72.8% vs. 89.3%, p = .019), while factor concentrates use decreased (65.4% vs. 44.6%, p = .016), and desmopressin use remained constant (46.4% vs. 32.1%, p = .100). No treatment-related adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION The use of a standardized protocol increased the use of tranexamic acid, with a nonstatistically significant reduction in procedural bleeding rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Bourassa
- Centre d'hémophilie de l'Est du Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Medicine and Dental Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Desjardins
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Cloutier
- Centre d'hémophilie de l'Est du Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Hematology, CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Demers
- Centre d'hémophilie de l'Est du Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Hematology, CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Narcisse Ulrich Singbo
- Recherche Clinique et Évaluative, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Néron
- Centre d'hémophilie de l'Est du Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Pelland-Marcotte
- Centre d'hémophilie de l'Est du Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Elalouf A, Moran R, Yaron B, Oman M. Pediatric Dental Emergency Visits and Treatment during Lockdown in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35409461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the professions of life, particularly the healthcare sector. In dentistry, prevention of viral spread among healthcare professionals and patients was a substantial challenge. The virus can directly or indirectly infect dentists during dental procedures. This study focuses on the purpose of pediatric patients’ emergency visits to dental clinics and the treatments practiced during the lockdown. It compares the purpose of emergency pediatric patient visits in dental clinics and their treatments before, during, and after the lockdown periods. Computerized data for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), between 19 March and 30 April and after the lockdown period from 1 May to 12 June 2020, were collected from five random dental clinics in Israel. The emergency visits of patients under 18 years before, during, and after the lockdown was organized into demographic characteristics, the purpose of the visits, and the treatments with medication or dental procedures. Categorical variables were compared and correlated with the chi-squared test and Pearson’s test, respectively, by using SPSS version 21. During the lockdown, emergency cases got appointments for a physical checkup. Herein, we found higher cases of emergency visits of pediatric patients with pain (n = 281, 32.6%) than trauma (n = 18, 24.7%), followed by infection (n = 31, 28.4%) and treatment continuation (n = 7, 20.6%) during the lockdown period, compared to before and after the lockdown periods. The patients treated with medication and dental procedures during lockdown were significantly different (p < 0.001) than before and after the lockdown. Extraction (n = 81, 41.5%), filling (n = 84, 50.6%), fluoride (n = 13, 92.9%), and pulp treatment (n = 92, 42.6%) were substantially practiced in pediatric patients during the lockdown. Further, this study confirmed the rapid adaptation of professional dentists to deal with non-vaccinated pediatric patients and reinforced the better preparation and requirements for such challenges in the future.
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21
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Thompson W, Sandoe J, Pavitt S, Walsh T, Byrne-Davis L. Co-Developing an Antibiotic Stewardship Tool for Dentistry: Shared Decision-Making for Adults with Toothache or Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111345. [PMID: 34827283 PMCID: PMC8615064 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentistry is responsible for around 10% of antibiotic prescribing across global healthcare, with up to 80% representing inappropriate use. Facilitating shared decision-making has been shown to optimise antibiotic prescribing (antibiotic stewardship) in primary medical care. Our aim was to co-develop a shared decision-making antibiotic stewardship tool for dentistry. Dentists, patients and other stakeholders prioritised factors to include in the new tool, based on previous research (a systematic review and ethnographic study) about dentists’ decision-making during urgent appointments. Candidate behaviour-change techniques were identified using the Behaviour Change Wheel and selected based on suitability for a shared decision-making approach. A ‘think aloud’ study helped fine-tune the tool design and Crystal Marking ensured clarity of messaging. The resulting paper-based worksheet for use at point-of-care incorporated various behaviour change techniques, such as: ’information about (and salience of) health consequences’, ‘prompts and cues’, ‘restructuring the physical (and social) environment’ and ‘credible sources’. The think aloud study confirmed the tool’s acceptability to dentists and patients, and resulted in the title: ‘Step-by-step guide to fixing your toothache.’ Further testing will be necessary to evaluate its efficacy at safely reducing dental antibiotic prescribing during urgent dental appointments in England and, with translation, to other dental contexts globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Thompson
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7837-190-387
| | | | - Sue Pavitt
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Lucie Byrne-Davis
- Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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22
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Okunseri CE, Rota K, Okunseri E, Patel K, Garcia RI, Zheng C, Szabo A. Dental service utilization and immigrant family structure. J Public Health Dent 2021; 81:198-205. [PMID: 33258107 PMCID: PMC8709742 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the patterns and time trends of dental services received and access to dental care among immigrant and US-born children living in the United States. METHODS We analyzed the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Survey data for 2007-2015. Survey weighted mean and frequency were calculated for all the years and for each year for the complete cohort and for the four subgroups of children categorized based on the child's and parents' birthplace (United States or Foreign). These groups were compared to detect differences in dental service received. RESULTS Overall 34,482 children aged <18 years were included in the analysis representing the weighted sample size of 564,255,643. Utilization of preventive dental services increased from 37.2 percent in 2007 to 44.4 percent in 2015 overall (P < 0.0001), with similar trend seen within all subgroups. Immigrant children compared to US-born children had higher numbers of surgical and restorative procedures (17 versus 16 per 100-person years, P = 0.03), fewer had at least one preventive dental visit in a year (32.8 percent versus 43.0 percent, P < 0.0001) and were less likely be unable to access dental care (3.0 percent versus 1.7 percent, P = 0.005). Fewer children had delayed access to dental care in recent years (2.0 percent in 2007 to 1.5 percent in 2015) and the decline was consistent in all the subgroups. CONCLUSION Stratification into the different subgroups allowed for improved understanding of dental procedure utilization and dental services utilization in all subgroups increased over time. Immigrant children had lower utilization of preventive procedures and higher utilization of surgical and restorative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Okunseri
- Department of Clinical Services, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Klea Rota
- Department of Clinical Services, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elaye Okunseri
- Department of Clinical Services, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kadam Patel
- Institute of Health and Equity, Division of Biostatistics,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul I. Garcia
- Department of Health Policy & Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman, School of Dental Medicine Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Joseph. J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Institute of Health and Equity, Division of Biostatistics,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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Nijakowski K, Lehmann A, Zdrojewski J, Nowak M, Surdacka A. The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning in Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics on the Basis of the Survey among 4th-Year Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18094555. [PMID: 33923047 PMCID: PMC8123304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly affected education at all levels, including medical and dental education. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the blended learning in conservative dentistry with endodontics. The students had theoretical classes in a remote form (using the e-learning portal and Teams communicator) and practical classes with the participation of patients in the appropriate sanitary regime. The author's survey was conducted among fourth-year dental students. The online questionnaire consisted of 5 parts: self-evaluation, evaluation of theoretical e-learning classes, evaluation of practical clinical classes, evaluation of safety, and evaluation of performed blended learning. The majority of respondents declared that their learning effectiveness increased during the pandemic. Most surveyed students preferred remote learning in asynchronous form (e-learning portals) to synchronous form (virtual meetings in real-time). All respondents described the provided personal protective equipment as sufficient or even as excessive. Our students were very satisfied with the proposed blended-learning model and would like to continue it even after the pandemic has ended. Among the advantages, they particularly mentioned the increase in efficiency and the individualised pace of learning, while the disadvantage was the limitation of social contacts. The appropriate use of modern technology can effectively revolutionise dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jakub Zdrojewski
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (J.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Monika Nowak
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (J.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (A.S.)
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24
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Nijakowski K, Cieślik K, Łaganowski K, Gruszczyński D, Surdacka A. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Spectrum of Performed Dental Procedures. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18073421. [PMID: 33806148 PMCID: PMC8037540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered existing health care operations, including dentistry. The fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the need for increased protection measures have led to a reduction in the number of appointments and the range of performed procedures. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (the pre-vaccine period) on the spectrum of performed dental services, with particular emphasis on the change in the proportion of conservative and surgical procedures. The patient base in the University Center of Dentistry and Specialized Medicine (Poznan, Poland) from two periods—pre-pandemic (1 February 2019–31 January 2020) and pandemic (1 February 2020–31 January 2021)—was analyzed. The number of dental services was standardized against the sum of all procedures in a given month. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of conservative procedures such as commercial restorations or filled canals has significantly decreased, while the number of surgical procedures has increased. The pandemic has undoubtedly affected the spectrum of dental procedures performed, especially in its acute phase. It is very important to return to performing conservative procedures and educating students in the former range while respecting all safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kornela Cieślik
- University Center of Dentistry and Specialized Medicine, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kacper Łaganowski
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (K.Ł.); (D.G.)
| | - Dawid Gruszczyński
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (K.Ł.); (D.G.)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
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Doherty D, Lavin M, O'Sullivan JM, Ryan K, O'Connell NM, Dougall A, Byrne M, Rafferty M, Doyle MM, Di Paola J, James PD, O'Donnell JS. Management of elective procedures in low von Willebrand factor patients in the LoVIC study. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:701-710. [PMID: 33346399 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most individuals with mild to moderate reductions in plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels do not demonstrate increased bleeding. However, some patients with plasma VWF levels of 30-50 IU/dl do have a significant bleeding phenotype. Management of these "low VWF" patients, who may have significant bleeding scores >10, around times of elective procedures continues to pose a common clinical challenge because of a lack of evidence. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of different periprocedural management options for adult patients with low VWF. METHODS Treatment and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed for 160 invasive procedures performed in 60 patients with well characterized low VWF enrolled in the previously described Low Von Willebrand factor Ireland Cohort study. RESULTS We demonstrate that 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin is efficacious in preventing bleeding for both minor or major elective procedures in adult low VWF patients, even in those with significant bleeding histories. In addition, tranexamic acid alone is effective for low VWF patients undergoing nondental minor procedures. Importantly, age-related increases in plasma VWF:antigen levels above 50 IU/dl were not necessarily associated with complete correction of bleeding phenotype. Procedure-related bleeding complications were increased in low VWF patients who did not receive any hemostatic cover before their procedure. CONCLUSION Elective procedures in adult patients with low VWF should be managed in liaison with a comprehensive care tertiary referral center so that personalized treatment plans may be implemented before all minor or major elective procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhla Doherty
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michelle Lavin
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jamie M O'Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kevin Ryan
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Alison Dougall
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Byrne
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Rafferty
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mairead M Doyle
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paula D James
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S O'Donnell
- National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Mirbod P, Haffner EA, Bagheri M, Higham JE. Aerosol formation due to a dental procedure: insights leading to the transmission of diseases to the environment. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20200967. [PMID: 33757291 PMCID: PMC8086853 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the outbreak and diffusion of SARS-CoV-2, there has been a directive to advance medical working conditions. In dentistry, airborne particles are produced through aerosolization facilitated by dental instruments. To develop methods for reducing the risks of infection in a confined environment, understanding the nature and dynamics of these droplets is imperative and timely. This study provides the first evidence of aerosol droplet formation from an ultrasonic scalar under simulated oral conditions. State-of-the-art optical flow tracking velocimetry and shadowgraphy measurements are employed to quantitatively measure the flow velocity, trajectories and size distribution of droplets produced during a dental scaling process. The droplet sizes are found to vary from 5 µm to 300 µm; these correspond to droplet nuclei that could carry viruses. The droplet velocities also vary between 1.3 m s-1 and 2.6 m s-1. These observations confirm the critical role of aerosols in the transmission of disease during dental procedures, and provide invaluable knowledge for developing protocols and procedures to ensure the safety of both dentists and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mirbod
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eileen A. Haffner
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Higham
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Imran E, Khurshid Z, Adanir N, Ashi H, Almarzouki N, Baeshen HA. Dental Practitioners' Knowledge, Attitude and Practices for Mouthwash Use Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:605-618. [PMID: 33623451 PMCID: PMC7895912 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s287547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 created a peculiar situation worldwide, thus altering the fundamental dynamics of clinical dentistry. This KAP survey was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices among dental practitioners regarding the use of mouthwashes and emphasize on pre-procedural utilization of mouthwashes. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted during 1st to 15th July 2020, among working dental practitioners across the globe. A questionnaire was formed on Kwiksurveys.com, it comprised of demographic details, it further investigated the level of knowledge and new precautionary measures adopted. A total number of 707 dental practitioners from eighteen different countries responded. Results Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. A "fisher exact test" was applied to assess the difference between the mouthwashes prescribed by various countries. Knowledge section revealed a requisite understanding regarding the disease and its transmission. Only 38.9% of the participants knew that Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) mouthwashes are more efficient in reducing coronaviruses in contrast to mouthwashes made of chlorhexidine (CHX). Whereas 33.9% knew that 0.23% of PVP-I had substantial virucidal activity against SARS-COV, MERS-CoV, influenza virus and rotavirus while 31.1% recognized that oral rinses of Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) remained successful in the oral cavity for up to 180-300 minutes. Conclusion There is an immense need to raise awareness among practitioners, regarding the viricidal activity of commercially available mouthwashes as demonstrated by numerous in-vitro studies and urge health workers to carry out more clinical trials and to get a translational step towards clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisha Imran
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Almarzouki
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jamil Z, Waheed Y, Ahsan O, Najmi MH, Yousuf H. Familial clustering of hepatitis C virus in a Pakistani population. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3499-3506. [PMID: 32320089 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan has the second-highest burden of hepatitis C patients in the world. A total of 683 individuals, who visited the Liver Clinic during the study period, were screened for the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 534 individuals who showed positive HCV infection were grouped into the case group and 149 individuals with HCV negative status were grouped into the control group. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect demographic, clinical, HCV risk factor, and familial clustering data. HCV familial clustering was found in 30.1% in the case group compared with 17.4% in the control group. We also found 17% of patients had spouses who were also infected with HCV compared to 4% spouse infection in the control group. Only 3.7% of patients had HCV positive mothers. These results were further expanded by regression analysis that showed that family history and sexual history are independent risk factors for transmission of hepatitis C infection and mother's history has no significance as a risk factor for transmission. The major risk factor for getting HCV infection are dental procedures, unsafe injections, surgery, and blood transfusions. There is a strong need to increase awareness about HCV transmission routes among positive patients to reduce the chances of HCV familial clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubia Jamil
- Department of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Multidisciplinary Lab, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omar Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil H Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Yousuf
- Department of Medicine, Besti Cadwaladar University Health Board, North Wales, UK
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29
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Thornhill MH, Gibson TB, Durkin MJ, Dayer MJ, Lockhart PB, O'Gara PT, Baddour LM. Prescribing of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:835-845.e31. [PMID: 33121605 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007, the American Heart Association recommended that antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) be restricted to those at high risk of developing complications due to infective endocarditis (IE) undergoing invasive dental procedures. The authors aimed to estimate the appropriateness of AP prescribing according to type of dental procedure performed in patients at high risk, moderate risk, or low or unknown risk of developing IE complications. METHODS Eighty patients at high risk, 40 patients at moderate risk, and 40 patients at low or unknown risk of developing IE complications were randomly selected from patients with linked dental care, health care, and prescription benefits data in the IBM MarketScan Databases, one of the largest US health care convenience data samples. Two clinicians independently analyzed prescription and dental procedure data to determine whether AP prescribing was likely, possible, or unlikely for each dental visit. RESULTS In patients at high risk of developing IE complications, 64% were unlikely to have received AP for invasive dental procedures, and in 32 of 80 high-risk patients (40%) there was no evidence of AP for any dental visit. When AP was prescribed, several different strategies were used to provide coverage for multiple dental visits, including multiday courses, multidose prescriptions, and refills, which sometimes led to an oversupply of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS AP prescribing practices were inconsistent, did not always meet the highest antibiotic stewardship standards, and made retrospective evaluation difficult. For those at high risk of developing IE complications, there appears to be a concerning level of underprescribing of AP for invasive dental procedures. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Some dentists might be failing to fully comply with American Heart Association recommendations to provide AP cover for all invasive dental procedures in those at high risk of developing IE complications.
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Thompson W, McEachan R, Pavitt S, Douglas G, Bowman M, Boards J, Sandoe J. Clinician and Patient Factors Influencing Treatment Decisions: Ethnographic Study of Antibiotic Prescribing and Operative Procedures in Out-of-Hours and General Dental Practices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090575. [PMID: 32899670 PMCID: PMC7558392 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Operative treatment is indicated for most toothache/dental abscesses, yet antibiotics instead of procedures are often prescribed. This ethnographic study aimed to identify clinician and patient factors influencing urgent dental care for adults during actual appointments; and to identify elements sensitive to context. Appointments were observed in out-of-hours and general dental practices. Follow-up interviews took place with dentists, dental nurses, and patients. Dentist and patient factors were identified through thematic analysis of observation records and appointment/interview transcripts. Dentist factors were based on a published list of factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute conditions across primary health care and presented within the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour model. Contextually sensitive elements were revealed by comparing the factors between settings. In total, thirty-one dentist factors and nineteen patient factors were identified. Beliefs about antibiotics, goals for the appointment and access to dental services were important for both dentists and patients. Dentist factors included beliefs about the lifetime impact of urgent dental procedures on patients. Patient factors included their communication and negotiation skills. Contextual elements included dentists’ concerns about inflicting pain on regular patients in general dental practice; and patients’ difficulties accessing care to complete temporary treatment provided out of hours. This improved understanding of factors influencing shared decisions about treatments presents significant opportunity for new, evidence-based, contextually sensitive antibiotic stewardship interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Thompson
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; (S.P.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7837-190387
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK;
- Faculties of Life Sciences & Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Susan Pavitt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; (S.P.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Gail Douglas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; (S.P.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Marion Bowman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; (S.P.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jenny Boards
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; (S.P.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jonathan Sandoe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; (S.P.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
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Ibdah RK, Rawashdeh SI, Harahsheh E, Almegdadi A, Al. Ksassbeh A, Alrabadi N. The Knowledge and Perception of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant agents among Dentists in Northern Jordan. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:597-604. [PMID: 33282769 PMCID: PMC7685271 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_70_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the attitude and perception toward antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents in patients with cardiovascular diseases among dentists in the northern district of Jordan and to compare the current practice of Jordanian dentists and the recently published guidelines regarding the management of patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs before dental procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted on dentists and dental interns working at the dental clinics in northern Jordan, including dental clinics at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) and the private sector. The total sample size comprised of 128 subjects (78 dentists from JUST and 50 private practitioners). The participants were interviewed using a preformed questionnaire to assess their knowledge and perceptions regarding the antiplatelets and the anticoagulant agents. RESULTS Approximately 61.5% of participants from JUST university and 20.0% of those in the private sector were aware of the use of clopidogrel (P < 0.0001). Although the overall awareness regarding other antiplatelets such as prasugrel was very low (8.6%), dentists from JUST (12.8%) showed a significantly higher level of awareness compared to the private practitioners (2.0%) (P = 0.049). More than 70% of the participants from JUST and only 46.0% of the private practitioners were aware of the consequences of interrupting treatment with clopidogrel in patients with coronary stents (P = 0.002). Almost both the participants from JUST (25.78%) and the private sector (24.22%) are consulting the cardiologists with similar frequencies before interrupting the treatment with the antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents. Participants who have clinical PhD qualifications are more aware of the recent clinical guidelines and the newest agents compared to others. CONCLUSIONS The awareness regarding the newest antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents is poor among the dentists in northern Jordan. However, the majority (62.3%) of them realize the consequences of interrupting such treatments in patients with coronary stents. Unfortunately, only a quarter of the dentists are consulting the cardiologists before interrupting the treatment with the antiplatelet agents. Proper education, courses, and workshops should be performed to the dentists to improve their knowledge about this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed K Ibdah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sukaina I Rawashdeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ehab Harahsheh
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Arizona, USA
| | - Abdallah Almegdadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Al. Ksassbeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Luo H, Wu Q, Bell RA, Wright W, Quandt SA, Basu R, Moss ME. Rural-Urban Differences in Dental Service Utilization and Dental Service Procedures Received Among US Adults: Results From the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. J Rural Health 2020; 37:655-666. [PMID: 32697007 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess rural-urban differences in dental service use and procedures and to explore the interaction effects of individual- and county-level factors on having dental service use and procedures. METHODS Data were from the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). We assessed rural-urban differences in 3 outcome variables: number of dental visits (1, 2, or 3+ visits), preventive care procedures (Yes/No), and treatment procedures (Yes/No). The study sample included 8,199 adults ≥ 18 years of age who reported at least 1 dental visit in the past year. Sampling weights embedded in MEPS were incorporated into all the analyses. FINDINGS A significant interaction between residential location and race/ethnicity (P = .030) suggested limited access to dental visits for minority groups, especially for blacks in the more rural areas. Adults from a more rural area were less likely to have received a preventive procedure (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35-0.87) than those from an urban area. Adults of racial/ethnic minority groups, with lower SES, and without dental insurance were less likely to have received a preventive procedure (all P < .01) but were more likely to have received a treatment procedure (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The study showed rural adults were less likely to have received preventive dental procedures than their urban counterparts. Racial/ethnic minority groups living in a more rural area had even more limited access to dental services. Innovative service delivery models that integrate telehealth and community-based case management may contribute to addressing these gaps in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Luo
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Wanda Wright
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rashmita Basu
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Mark E Moss
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Kongara K, Cave N, Weidgraaf K, Rao Dukkipati VS. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on glomerular filtration rate and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity in cats after dental surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:631-636. [PMID: 32792267 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of meloxicam or carprofen on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and to evaluate the effect of meloxicam on urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, of cats after dental surgery. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, controlled trial. ANIMALS A total of 24 mixed breed cats. METHODS Cats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 8 per group): meloxicam (0.2 mg kg-1); carprofen (4 mg kg-1); or saline (2 mL). Acepromazine (0.04 mg kg-1) and buprenorphine (0.02 mg kg-1) were administered intramuscularly as preanaesthetic medication. Test drugs were injected subcutaneously at the time of preanaesthetic medication. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (fR), heart rate (HR) and haemoglobin oxygen saturation values (SpO2) were recorded. All cats underwent ultrasonic dental scaling with polishing. Teeth extraction involved mucosal flap creation, removal of alveolar bone and flap closure. Plasma iohexol clearance (ICL), a measure of GFR, was estimated before and 24 hours after anaesthesia induction in all cats. Urinary NAG index was estimated in saline and meloxicam groups at the same time points as GFR. Between-group and -time point differences in GFR and NAG index were compared using mixed model analyses. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (p < 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in plasma ICL rate (range: from 1.22 ± 0.05 to 1.27 ± 0.04 mL kg minute-1) between groups or between time points. Urinary NAG index (range: from 1.0 ± 0.19 to 1.36 ± 0.29 Units gram-1) was not significantly different between meloxicam and saline groups. MAP, HR, fR and SpO2 did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Meloxicam and carprofen appeared to produce nonsignificant effects on GFR, and meloxicam did not affect the urinary NAG activity, of cats after dental surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kongara
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Nick Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karin Weidgraaf
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of dentists from Jordan, regarding prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) in dental practice. Materials and Methods: A sample of Jordanian dentists was interviewed regarding their IE knowledge and practice using a validated and pretested survey instrument. Results: Most of the dentists have encountered a patient with IE who needed prophylactic antibiotic (PA) and have prescribed antibiotics to prevent IE. Jordanian dentists’ approach to patients in need for PA varied between the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommendations and the American Heart Association to a lesser degree, but still a relatively high percent (39%) did not know any guidelines to follow although 74% have encountered patients who needed endocarditis prophylaxis. Patients with prosthetic heart valve were ranked on top of medical conditions that required PA (87.4%), and most dentists (94.5%) thought that dental extractions need PA followed by periodontal surgery (88.2%). Conclusion: There is a lack of consistency in the knowledge and practice of Jordanian dentists with regard to IE. There is a need to take actions to improve dentist's knowledge regarding this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Ryalat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Hassona
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al-Shayyab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mais Abo-Ghosh
- Internist at the Department of Oral and Maxillofascial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Faleh Sawair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Okunseri C, Eggert E, Zheng C, Eichmiller F, Okunseri E, Szabo A. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Mission of Mercy Attendees in Wisconsin. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 5:127-132. [PMID: 31277563 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419859846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mission of Mercy (MoM) events are scheduled to provide care to populations suffering from urgent needs and inadequate access to dental care in the United States. This study examined individual and county-level characteristics of MoM attendees and the factors associated with changes in the rate of attendance. METHODS Deidentified archival data for MoM events available from the America's Dentists Care Foundation (2013-2016) were analyzed. Summary statistics were calculated separately for each year. Chi-square test was performed to identify changes in attendance distribution over time. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to test changes in the rate of attendance with and without adjustment for county-level characteristics and history of prior MoM events. RESULTS Total numbers of attendees at Wisconsin MoM events were 1,560, 1,635, 1,187, and 951 in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Attendees were mostly female (>50%) and White (58%-81%), and mean age ranged between 36.5 and 39.2 y. The average travel distance ranged between 27 and 80 miles. Residents of counties where MoM events were held in previous years were more likely to attend another MoM event after adjusting for county distance to current location. After adjusting for dentists-to-population ratio, event history, and county distance to event location, we found that there was no statistically significant change in the rate of attendance from 2013 to 2016. CONCLUSIONS Previous attendees with experience of attending a MoM event in their counties of residence were more likely to attend another MoM event. Higher rates of attendance were associated with shorter travel distances to MoM events. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The Mission of Mercy (MoM) events are promoted by local dental organizations to highlight the issue of access to dental care and bring greater awareness to the problem by providing urgent dental care to populations in need. Through the data-sharing practices and analyses, policy makers, dental health advocates, and program organizers will have a better understanding of the impact and reach of the program. Findings from this study will help to expand program practices, promote efficiency, and aid in the identification of appropriate event locations, innovative strategies, and public policies relevant to addressing access to dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Okunseri
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Services, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - E Eggert
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Services, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Zheng
- Joseph. J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - F Eichmiller
- Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - E Okunseri
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Services, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Szabo
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Dougall A, Apperley O, Smith G, Madden L, Parkinson L, Daly B. Safety of buccal infiltration local anaesthesia for dental procedures. Haemophilia 2019; 25:270-275. [PMID: 30817070 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the safety of buccal infiltration local anaesthetic (LA) without additional factor replacement in patients with haemophilia (PWH) and association with clinical experience of the operator. METHODS A consecutive sample of participants with mild, moderate and severe haemophilia scheduled to have dental treatment were recruited from a comprehensive care centre in Ireland. Infiltration LA was administered using a standard technique. Safety was defined as any adverse event at time of administration, immediate postoperative, or postoperative period. Clinical experience was dichotomized into fewer or greater than three years clinical experience. RESULTS N = 135 buccal infiltration LAs without additional factor replacement were provided to N = 71 participants with mild (n = 20; 28%) and moderate to severe haemophilia (n = 51; 72%). Successful local anaesthesia was achieved in n = 133 cases (99%). No (0%) adverse bleeding events were recorded for any participants at time of administration of LA or during follow-up. Three out of 135 (2.2%) LAs recorded superficial bleeding 30 seconds after administration of LA, all of which resolved within 2 minutes with application of pressure; 4 out of 135 (3%) LAs produced a superficial haematoma at the site of injection no greater than 2 mm all of which resolved at 4 minutes. There were no differences in bleeding rates between clinicians by level of experience (P = 0.435) or by severity of bleeding disorder (P = 1.0). CONCLUSION Local anaesthetic is safe to administer via buccal infiltration for people with mild, moderate and severe haemophilia without additional factor cover. This finding holds true regardless of operator experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Dougall
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Special care dentistry Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olivia Apperley
- Hospital Dental Service, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gillian Smith
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Madden
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Special care dentistry Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Parkinson
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Special care dentistry Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Blanaid Daly
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Special care dentistry Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin, Ireland
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Drury RL, Simonetti SA. Heart Rate Variability in Dental Science. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:13. [PMID: 30788344 PMCID: PMC6372525 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentistry has made progress as a profession by integration with both medicine and other human sciences, especially when it uses empirical metrics to study process and outcome variables. Notably, progress in our understanding of genomic, biomic, and other molecular biological phenomena has been valuable. As has been identified by Drury (1, 2), it is proposed in this commentary that the inclusion of heart rate variability (HRV) as a biomarker of health may further this integrative progress. HRV is derived by various linear and non-linear statistical analyses of the R-R, beat-to-beat ECG interval in microseconds. Over twenty three thousand reports are identified in a recent PubMed search of the term heart rate variability, most of which demonstrate HRV's sensitivity to a wide diversity of physical and psychosocial pathologies. The small literature of dental use of HRV in both assessment and treatment will be selectively reviewed and relevant exemplars for other important health applications of HRV will be discussed. This will lead to a proposed agenda for researching HRV's value to professional dentistry as a human health and wellness profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Drury
- ReThink Health, Bainbridge Island, WA, United States.,Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Rahman A, Nizarali N, Dougall A, Daly B. U.K. hemophilia treaters' knowledge of risk assessment for prolonged bleeding associated with dental procedures. Spec Care Dentist 2019; 39:173-179. [PMID: 30773677 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal delivery of dental care for adults with congenital bleeding disorders (CBD) requires close collaboration between hemophilia treaters and dentists. AIM To explore U.K. hemophilia treaters' knowledge of dental procedures and associated hemostatic management in adults with CBD. METHOD Staff (N = 180) from N = 60 hemophilia facilities in the United Kingdom were invited to participate in a questionnaire-based study using a web-based tool. The questionnaire assessed participants' knowledge, adherence and appropriateness of application of U.K. guidance on hemostatic management of common dental procedures. RESULTS The response rate was 23% of treaters (n = 41) from 62% (n = 32) hemophilia facilities. Individual participants (87%; n = 34) reported they adhered to guidelines, though knowledge of guidance was poor with only 36% (n = 15) applying guidance appropriately in 3 common dental scenarios. There was a tendency for participants to assign the use of systemic hemostatic measures independent of the agreed bleeding risk associated with the proposed dental procedure. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS While hemophilia treaters were aware of current guidelines, their knowledge of the guidelines and ability to risk assess dental procedures was poor. There was a tendency to overprescribe systemic hemostatic measures for dental procedures. Education initiatives to aid decision making are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aza Rahman
- Specialist Dentist in Sedation and Special Care Dentistry, Kurdistan Ministry of Health, General Directorate of health sulaymanaiyah, Iraq
| | - Najla Nizarali
- Consultant in Special Care Dentistry, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Alison Dougall
- Assistant Professor and Consultant in Special Care Dentistry , Division of Public & Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2
| | - Blánaid Daly
- Professor and Consultant in Special Care Dentistry , Division of Public & Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2
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Thornhill MH, Gibson TB, Cutler E, Dayer MJ, Chu VH, Lockhart PB, O'Gara PT, Baddour LM. Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Incidence of Endocarditis Before and After the 2007 AHA Recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:2443-2454. [PMID: 30409564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association updated its recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to prevent infective endocarditis (IE) in 2007, advising that AP cease for those at moderate risk of IE, but continue for those at high risk. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to quantify any change in AP prescribing and IE incidence. METHODS High-risk, moderate-risk, and unknown/low-risk individuals with linked prescription and Medicare or commercial health care data were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan databases from May 2003 through August 2015 (198,522,665 enrollee-years of data). AP prescribing and IE incidence were evaluated by Poisson model analysis. RESULTS By August 2015, the 2007 recommendation change was associated with a significant 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59% to 68%) estimated fall in AP prescribing for moderate-risk individuals and a 20% (95% CI: 4% to 32%) estimated fall for those at high risk. Over the same period, there was a barely significant 75% (95% CI: 3% to 200%) estimated increase in IE incidence among moderate-risk individuals and a significant 177% estimated increase (95% CI: 66% to 361%) among those at high risk. In unknown/low-risk individuals, there was a significant 52% (95% CI: 46% to 58%) estimated fall in AP prescribing, but no significant increase in IE incidence. CONCLUSIONS AP prescribing fell among all IE risk groups, particularly those at moderate risk. Concurrently, there was a significant increase in IE incidence among high-risk individuals, a borderline significant increase in moderate-risk individuals, and no change for those at low/unknown risk. Although these data do not establish a cause-effect relationship between AP reduction and IE increase, the fall in AP prescribing in those at high risk is of concern and, coupled with the borderline increase in IE incidence among those at moderate risk, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Thornhill
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | - Teresa B Gibson
- Truven Health Analytics/IBM Watson Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eli Cutler
- Truven Health Analytics/IBM Watson Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark J Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, Taunton and Somerset NHS Trust, Taunton, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian H Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter B Lockhart
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Patrick T O'Gara
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Reis LC, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, de Uzeda M, Lacerda VS, Domingues R, Miranda KR, Saraiva RM. Bacteremia after supragingival scaling and dental extraction: Culture and molecular analyses. Oral Dis 2018; 24:657-663. [PMID: 28994220 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the incidence and magnitude of bacteremia after dental extraction and supragingival scaling. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood samples were taken before and 5 and 30 min after dental extraction and supragingival scaling from individuals at high (n = 44) or negligible risk (n = 51) for infective endocarditis. The former received prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Samples were subjected to aerobic and anaerobic culture and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the incidence of bacteremia and total bacterial levels. RESULTS Patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotic therapy had a higher incidence of positive blood cultures (30% 5 min after extraction) than patients who received prophylactic antibiotic therapy (0% 5 min after extraction; p < .01). Molecular analysis did not reveal significant differences in the incidence or magnitude of bacteremia between the two patient groups either 5 or 30 min after each of the procedures evaluated. Extraction was associated with higher incidence of bacteremia than supragingival scaling by blood culture (p = .03) and molecular analysis (p = .05). CONCLUSIONS Molecular methods revealed that dental extraction and supragingival scaling were associated with similar incidence of bacteremia in groups receiving or not prophylactic antibiotic therapy. However, blood culture revealed that antibiotic therapy reduced viable cultivable bacteria in the bloodstream in the extraction group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Reis
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M de Uzeda
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V S Lacerda
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rmcp Domingues
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K R Miranda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M Saraiva
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chambers JB, Thornhill MH, Dyer M, Shanson D. A change in the NICE guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis: British Heart Valve Society update. BJGP Open 2017; 1:bjgpopen17X100593. [PMID: 30564640 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen17X100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Pruszczyk P, Ciurzyński M, Opolski G, Stępińska J, Wożakowska-Kapłon B, Kalarus Z, Kaźmierczak J, Górska R, Mierzwińska-Nastalska E, Wojtowicz A, Stopa Z, Mateńko D. [Dental cardio common position for dealing anticoagulation in patients undergoing dental procedures]. Kardiol Pol 2017; 74:87-98. [PMID: 27150243 DOI: 10.5603/kp.2016.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Ciurzyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland..
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Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a spectrum of nonprogressive neurological disorders with disturbances in posture and movement, resulting from perinatal intrauterine insult to developing infant brain. Many conditions associated with CP require surgery. Such cases pose important gastrointestinal, respiratory, and other perioperative considerations. Anesthetic management in these cases is delicate. Intraoperative complications including hypovolemia, hypothermia, muscle spasms, seizures, and delayed recovery might complicate the anesthetic management. A thorough preanesthetic evaluation allows for a better intra- and post-operative care. Postoperative analgesia is important, particularly in orthopedic surgeries one for pain relief. This review highlights the clinical manifestations in CP and anesthetic considerations in such child presenting for various surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Imtiaz Shaikh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganapati Hegade
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
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Slover JD, Phillips MS, Iorio R, Bosco J. Is routine antibiotic prophylaxis cost effective for total joint replacement patients? J Arthroplasty 2015; 30:543-6. [PMID: 25483838 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The routine use of amoxicillin antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures for patients with total joint prostheses in place remains controversial. This analysis shows that the practice may not be cost-effective for patients in whom the risk of infection with dental work is low. However, specific data quantifying the risk and the impact prophylactic antibiotics can have is needed. Patients and physicians will need to continue to consider their use on an individual basis and should consider the risk of infection as well as the risk of adverse drug reaction when making treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Slover
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael S Phillips
- Department of Epidemiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard Iorio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Bosco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Moazzam AA, Nehrer E, Da Silva SL, Polido JC, Arakelyan A, Habibian M, Krieger MD. The association between dental health and procedures and developing shunt infections in pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2014; 14:508-13. [PMID: 25216290 DOI: 10.3171/2014.8.peds1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Cerebrospinal fluid-diverting shunts are often complicated by bacterial infections. Dental procedures are known to cause transient bacteremia that could potentially spread hematogenously to these implanted devices. No literature currently exists to inform practitioners as to the need for prophylactic antibiotics for patients who possess these implants. The authors performed a retrospective study to assess whether dental procedures and poor oral health were associated with a higher likelihood of developing CSF-diverting shunt infections. METHODS Neurosurgical and pediatric dental records from January 2007 to December 2012 were reviewed for shunt surgeries and dental encounters. Indications for shunt surgery and infection rates were recorded. Dental records were reviewed for several markers of overall dental health, such as a DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) score and a gingival health/oral hygiene score. The association between these scores and the incidence of shunt infections were studied. Moreover, the relationship between the incidence of shunt infections and the timing and invasiveness of preceding dental encounters were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 100 pediatric patients were included in our study, for a total of 204 shunt surgeries. Twenty-one shunt infections were noted during the 6-year study period. Five of these shunts infections occurred within 3 months of a dental procedure. The odds ratio (OR) of developing a shunt infection within 3 months of a dental procedure was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-3.01), and was not statistically significant. The OR of developing a shunt infection after a high-risk dental procedure compared with a low-risk dental procedure was 1.32 (95% CI 0.02-16.29), and was not statistically significant. There was no significant association between measures of dental health, such as DMFT and gingival health score, and the likelihood of developing a shunt infection. The ORs for these 2 scores were 0.51 (95% CI 0.04-4.96) and 1.58 (95% CI 0.03-20.06), respectively. The study was limited by sample size. CONCLUSIONS Dental health status and the number and type of dental procedures performed do not appear to confer a higher risk of developing a CSF-diverting shunt infection in this pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Moazzam
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Keck Hospital of University of Southern California
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Abstract
This review discusses the basic pharmacology of new oral anticoagulants that are used for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. It presents available evidence, and provides recommendations for the management of patients requiring invasive procedures in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepie Tsolka
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Manski RJ, Vargas CM, Brown E, Carper KV, Macek MD, Cohen LA. Dental procedures among children age birth to 20, United States, 1999 and 2009. J Public Health Dent 2014; 75:10-6. [PMID: 24964135 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe dental procedures received by US children and adolescents by poverty status and dental insurance coverage. METHODS Data for this analysis came from the 1999 and 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. The primary outcome variable represented the types of dental procedures that were received during dental visits in the preceding year. Descriptive variables included dental insurance and poverty status. Analysis was restricted to children from birth to 20 years. RESULTS Overall, diagnostic (41.2 percent) and preventive (35.8 percent) procedures accounted for most of the procedures received by children from birth to 20 years of age, while restorative procedures accounted for just 5 percent. Children from low-income families received a higher proportion of restorative procedures than children in higher-income families. The proportion of diagnostic and preventive services was lower among uninsured children than among publicly insured children. Orthodontic services, on the other hand, represented a greater percentage of these procedures among uninsured children than among publicly insured children. DISCUSSION The vast majority of procedures received by children from birth to 20 years were diagnostic and preventive. Most children with at least one dental visit received a diagnostic or preventive service. Between 1999 and 2009, the proportion of all services received accounted for by diagnostic or preventive services increased. However, the proportion in which each type of procedure was received by children who made at least one visit who received did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Manski
- Dental Public Health, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bhagavatula P, Xiang Q, Eichmiller F, Szabo A, Okunseri C. Racial/ethnic disparities in provision of dental procedures to children enrolled in Delta Dental insurance in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. J Public Health Dent 2012; 74:50-6. [PMID: 22970893 PMCID: PMC4121860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2012.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most studies on the provision of dental procedures have focused on Medicaid enrollees known to have inadequate access to dental care. Little information on private insurance enrollees exists. This study documents the rates of preventive, restorative, endodontic, and surgical dental procedures provided to children enrolled in Delta Dental of Wisconsin (DDWI) in Milwaukee. METHODS We analyzed DDWI claims data for Milwaukee children aged 0-18 years between 2002 and 2008. We linked the ZIP codes of enrollees to the 2000 U.S. Census information to derive racial/ethnic estimates in the different ZIP codes. We estimated the rates of preventive, restorative, endodontic, and surgical procedures provided to children in different racial/ethnic groups based on the population estimates derived from the U.S. Census data. Descriptive and multivariable analysis was done using Poisson regression modeling on dental procedures per year. RESULTS In 7 years, a total of 266,380 enrollees were covered in 46 ZIP codes in the database. Approximately, 64 percent, 44 percent, and 49 percent of White, African American, and Hispanic children had at least one dental visit during the study period, respectively. The rates of preventive procedures increased up to the age of 9 years and decreased thereafter among children in all three racial groups included in the analysis. African American and Hispanic children received half as many preventive procedures as White children. CONCLUSION Our study shows that substantial racial disparities may exist in the types of dental procedures that were received by children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qun Xiang
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin
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