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Harish G, Shetty U, Varamballi P, Mukhopadhyay C, Jagadesh A. Optimization of an allelic discrimination real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of H275Y oseltamivir resistance gene mutation among influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients from 2020 to 2022. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29427. [PMID: 38288882 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Influenza virus is known to cause mild to severe respiratory infections and is also prone to genetic mutations. Of all the mutations, neuraminidase (NA) gene mutations are a matter of concern, as most approved antivirals target this protein. During the 2020 influenza season, an emergence of mutation in the NA gene, affecting the binding of the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended probes to the specific site of the NA gene, was reported by our group. As a result of this mutation, the WHO-recommended allelic discrimination real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was unable to detect wild-type (H275) or mutant oseltamivir-resistant (Y275) strains of influenza A(H1N1)pmd09 viruses. In the current study, the WHO-recommended probes were redesigned according to the mutation in the probe binding site. Fifty undetermined samples (2020-2021) from the previous study were retested with the newly designed probes and found to be positive for H275 and/or Y275. The results obtained were similar to the Sanger sequencing results from the previous study, suggesting that the redesigned probes were efficient in discriminating between wild-type and mutant-type viruses. Furthermore, 133 samples from 2022, making a total of 183 samples (2020-2022), were tested using improved allelic discrimination real-time RT-PCR, and the overall prevalence rate of oseltamivir resistance in 2020-2022 was found to be 0.54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhapu Harish
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ujwal Shetty
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prasad Varamballi
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Anitha Jagadesh
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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2
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Marchenko V, Zelinskaya I, Toropova Y, Podyacheva E, Martynov M, Mukhametdinova D, Lioznov D, Zhilinskaya IN. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Aggravates Pathology of Blood Vessels in Wistar Rats with Premorbid Acute Cardiomyopathy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051114. [PMID: 37243200 DOI: 10.3390/v15051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus can infect the vascular endothelium and cause endothelial dysfunction. Persons at higher risk for severe influenza are patients with acute and chronic cardiovascular disorders; however, the mechanism of influenza-induced cardiovascular system alteration remains not fully understood. The aim of the study was to assess the functional activity of mesenteric blood vessels of Wistar rats with premorbid acute cardiomyopathy infected with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. For this, we determined (1) the vasomotor activity of mesenteric blood vessels of Wistar rats using wire myography, (2) the level of expression of three endothelial factors: endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the endothelium of mesenteric blood vessels using immunohistochemistry, and (3) the concentration of PAI-1 and tPA in the blood plasma using ELISA. Acute cardiomyopathy in animals was induced by doxorubicin (DOX) following infection with rat-adapted Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The functional activity of mesenteric blood vessels was analyzed at 24 and 96 h post infection (hpi). Thus, the maximal response of mesenteric arteries to both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator at 24 and 96 hpi was significantly decreased compared with control. Expression of eNOS in the mesenteric vascular endothelium was modulated at 24 and 96 hpi. PAI-1 expression increased 3.47-fold at 96 hpi, while the concentration of PAI-1 in the blood plasma increased 6.43-fold at 24 hpi compared with control. The tPA concentration in plasma was also modulated at 24 hpi and 96 hpi. The obtained data indicate that influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus aggravates the course of premorbid acute cardiomyopathy in Wistar rats, causing pronounced dysregulation of endothelial factor expression and vasomotor activity impairment of mesenteric arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Marchenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Zelinskaya
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russian Ministry of Health, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yana Toropova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russian Ministry of Health, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Podyacheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russian Ministry of Health, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Martynov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russian Ministry of Health, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Mukhametdinova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russian Ministry of Health, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina N Zhilinskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Everett HE, Nash B, Londt BZ, Kelly MD, Coward V, Nunez A, van Diemen PM, Brown IH, Brookes SM. Interspecies Transmission of Reassortant Swine Influenza A Virus Containing Genes from Swine Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H1N2) Viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:273-281. [PMID: 31961298 PMCID: PMC6986826 DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.190486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) virus has become established in swine in the United Kingdom and currently co-circulates with previously enzootic swine influenza A virus (IAV) strains, including avian-like H1N1 and human-like H1N2 viruses. During 2010, a swine influenza A reassortant virus, H1N2r, which caused mild clinical disease in pigs in the United Kingdom, was isolated. This reassortant virus has a novel gene constellation, incorporating the internal gene cassette of pH1N1-origin viruses and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of swine IAV H1N2 origin. We investigated the pathogenesis and infection dynamics of the H1N2r isolate in pigs (the natural host) and in ferrets, which represent a human model of infection. Clinical and virologic parameters were mild in both species and both intraspecies and interspecies transmission was observed when initiated from either infected pigs or infected ferrets. This novel reassortant virus has zoonotic and reverse zoonotic potential, but no apparent increased virulence or transmissibility, in comparison to pH1N1 viruses.
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Deng YM, Wong FYK, Spirason N, Kaye M, Beazley R, Grau MLL, Shan S, Stevens V, Subbarao K, Sullivan S, Barr IG, Dhanasekaran V. Locally Acquired Human Infection with Swine-Origin Influenza A(H3N2) Variant Virus, Australia, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:143-147. [PMID: 31661057 PMCID: PMC6924914 DOI: 10.3201/eid2601.191144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, a 15-year-old female adolescent in Australia was infected with swine influenza A(H3N2) variant virus. The virus contained hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes derived from 1990s-like human seasonal viruses and internal protein genes from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, highlighting the potential risk that swine influenza A virus poses to human health in Australia.
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Mazzitelli M, Garofalo E, Bruni A, Barreca GS, Quirino A, Giancotti A, Serapide F, Indolfi C, Matera G, Navalesi P, Trecarichi EM, Torti C, Longhini F. Severe myocarditis due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral infection in a young woman successfully treated with intravenous zanamivir: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:2336-2340. [PMID: 31893053 PMCID: PMC6935647 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with influenza-related myocarditis, prompt diagnosis and treatment are important. Intravenous zanamivir can be an alternative to oral oseltamivir, especially in severe cases and when drug intestinal malabsorption is suspected or proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazzitelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUnit of Intensive Care, “Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUnit of Intensive Care, “Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Giorgio Settimo Barreca
- Department of Health SciencesUnit of Clinical Microbiology“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Angela Quirino
- Department of Health SciencesUnit of Clinical Microbiology“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Aida Giancotti
- Department of Health SciencesUnit of Clinical Microbiology“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesDivision of cardiology“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health SciencesUnit of Clinical Microbiology“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUnit of Intensive Care, “Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit“Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Federico Longhini
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUnit of Intensive Care, “Magna Graecia” UniversityCatanzaroItaly
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6
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Zolotarova O, Budzanivska I, Leibenko L, Radchenko L, Mironenko A. Antigenic Site Variation in the Hemagglutinin of Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses between 2009-2017 in Ukraine. Pathogens 2019; 8:E194. [PMID: 31635227 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (HA) is a major influenza virus antigen, which, once recognized by antibodies and substitutions in HA genes, helps virus in escaping the human immune response. It is therefore critical to perform genetic and phylogenetic analysis of HA in circulating influenza viruses. We performed phylogenetic and genetic analysis of isolates from Ukraine, the vaccine strain and reference strains were used to phylogenetically identify trends in mutation locations and substitutions. Ukrainian isolates were collected between 2009–2017 and clustered in the influenza genetic groups 2, 6, 7, and 8. Genetic changes were observed in each of the antigenic sites: Sa – S162T, K163Q, K163I; Sb – S185T, A186T, S190G, S190R; Ca1 – S203T, R205K, E235V, E235D, S236P; Ca2 – P137H, H138R, A141T, D222G, D222N; Cb – A73S, S74R, S74N. In spite of detected mutations in antigenic sites, Ukrainian isolates retained similarity to the vaccine strain A/California/07/09 circulated during 2009–2017. However, WHO recommended a new vaccine strain A/Michigan/45/2015 for the Southern Hemisphere after the emergence of the new genetic groups 6B.1 and 6B.2. Our study demonstrated genetic variability of HA protein of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in 2009–2017 in Ukraine. Influenza surveillance is very important for understanding epidemiological situations.
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Nakamura K, Shirakura M, Fujisaki S, Kishida N, Burke DF, Smith DJ, Kuwahara T, Takashita E, Takayama I, Nakauchi M, Chadha M, Potdar V, Bhushan A, Upadhyay BP, Shakya G, Odagiri T, Kageyama T, Watanabe S. Characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated from Nepalese and Indian outbreak patients in early 2015. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017; 11:399-403. [PMID: 28792671 PMCID: PMC5596518 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates from large‐scale outbreaks that occurred in Nepal and India in early 2015. Although no specific viral features, which may have caused the outbreaks, were identified, an S84N substitution in hemagglutinin was frequently observed. Chronological phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Nepalese and Indian viruses possessing the S84N substitution constitute potential ancestors of the novel genetic subclade 6B.1 virus that spread globally in the following (2015/16) influenza season. Thus, active surveillance of circulating influenza viruses in the Southern Asia region, including Nepal and India, would be beneficial for detecting novel variant viruses prior to their worldwide spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David F Burke
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Takayama
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Nakauchi
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mandeep Chadha
- Influenza group, National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Varsha Potdar
- Influenza group, National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Arvind Bhushan
- Influenza group, National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Geeta Shakya
- Department of Health Services, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kageyama
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Mukasheva EA, Nikolaeva LI, Makhnovsky PI, Kirillova ES, Kolobukhina LV, Merkulova LN, Kruzhkova IS, Malyshev NA, Burtseva EI. DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY OF DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO PANDEMIC INFLUENZA A(H1N1)PDM09 VIRUS. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:109-114. [PMID: 36494977 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-3-109-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Serologic studies occupy a significant place in influenza diagnosis. The article presents an analysis of the developed experimental version of ELISA test-systems for the detection of specific antibodies to the virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and their dynamics at different stages of infection as compared with those of the traditional HAI method. The study included 20 paired samples of serum from patients hospitalized at different stages of the disease with etiology associated with the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. Two groups were formed on the basis of HAI data, which showed the presence or absence of significant growth of specific antibodies to the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. The control group consisted of 20 serum samples from individuals without influenza but with chronic hepatitis C. To examine the virus specific antibody two types of ELISA test systems were used. The first system was intended for the detection of IgM to the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09; the second was used for revealing specific IgG. The study showed the accuracy and specificity of detectable IgM and IgG to the virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The dynamics of specific IgG titers in 15 of the 20 pairs of sera was reliable. The increase in titers was more pronounced than in the HAI. IgM against influenza virus could be detected up to 10 days, although reliable dynamics of these antibodies was not detected in paired samples. The test system was specific for the determination of both IgG and IgM antibodies to the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 and significantly more sensitive than HAI. Using this ELISA test system, it is possible to monitor the dynamics of IgG to this virus even in the absence of diagnostic increases in antibody titers in HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mukasheva
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L I Nikolaeva
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - P I Makhnovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E S Kirillova
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L V Kolobukhina
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L N Merkulova
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - I S Kruzhkova
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - N A Malyshev
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E I Burtseva
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
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Yeung NCY, Lau JTF, Choi KC, Griffiths S. Population Responses during the Pandemic Phase of the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Epidemic, Hong Kong, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:813-815. [PMID: 28418300 PMCID: PMC5403031 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.160768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During August 2009–July 2010, we conducted 7 longitudinal telephone surveys among 503 adults in Hong Kong, China, to explore changes in their behavioral and psychological responses to the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus epidemic. Trends were examined using generalized estimating equations models. Findings showed that responses varied with the course of the pandemic.
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Li H, Yang SG, Gu L, Zhang Y, Yan XX, Liang ZA, Zhang W, Jia HY, Chen W, Liu M, Yu KJ, Xue CX, Hu K, Zou Q, Li LJ, Cao B, Wang C. Effect of low-to-moderate-dose corticosteroids on mortality of hospitalized adolescents and adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017; 11:345-354. [PMID: 28464462 PMCID: PMC5485871 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of corticosteroids on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia patients remains controversial, and the impact of dosage has never been studied. Methods Using data of hospitalized adolescent and adult patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia, prospectively collected from 407 hospitals in mainland China, the effects of low‐to‐moderate‐dose (25‐150 mg d−1) and high‐dose (>150 mg d−1) corticosteroids on 30‐day mortality, 60‐day mortality, and nosocomial infection were assessed with multivariate Cox regression and propensity score‐matched case–control analysis. Results In total, 2141 patients (median age: 34 years; morality rate: 15.9%) were included. Among them, 1160 (54.2%) had PaO2/FiO2<300 mm Hg on admission, and 1055 (49.3%) received corticosteroids therapy. Corticosteroids, without consideration of dose, did not influence either 30‐day or 60‐day mortality. Further analysis revealed that, as compared with the no‐corticosteroid group, low‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroids were related to reduced 30‐day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.64 [95% CI 0.43‐0.96, P=.033]). In the subgroup analysis among patients with PaO2/FiO2<300 mm Hg, low‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroid treatment significantly reduced both 30‐day mortality (aHR 0.49 [95% CI 0.32‐0.77]) and 60‐day mortality (aHR 0.51 [95% CI 0.33‐0.78]), while high‐dose corticosteroid therapy yielded no difference. For patients with PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 mm Hg, corticosteroids (irrespective of dose) showed no benefit and even increased 60‐day mortality (aHR 3.02 [95% CI 1.06‐8.58]). Results were similar in the propensity model analysis. Conclusions Low‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroids might reduce mortality of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia patients with PaO2/FiO2<300 mm Hg. Mild patients with PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 mm Hg could not benefit from corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Gui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Global Health, Population & Nutrition, Global Research & Services, Family Health International 360, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xi-Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zong-An Liang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Jiang Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-Xue Xue
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Center for Respiratory Diseases China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Lvov DK, Burtseva EI, Kolobukhina LV, Fedyakina IT, Kirillova ES, Trushakova SV, Feodoritova EL, Belyaev AL, Merkulova LN, Krasnoslobodtsev KG, Mukasheva EA, Garina EO, Oskerko TA, Aristova VA, Vartanian RV, Kisteneva LB, Deryabin PG, Prilipov AG, Alkhovsky SV, Kruzhkova IS, Bazarova MV, Deviatkin AV. Virological, epidemiological, clinic, and molecular genetic features of the influenza epidemic in 2015-2016: prevailing of the influenza A(H1N1)09 pdm virus in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere. Vopr Virusol 2016; 61:159-166. [PMID: 36494963 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-4-159-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the specific features of the influenza virus circulating in the period from October 2015 to March 2016 in 10 cities of Russia, the basic laboratories of CEEI at the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology "Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The increase in the morbidity caused by influenza viruses was detected in January-February 2016. The duration of the morbidity peak was 4-5 weeks. The most vulnerable group included children at the age from 3 to 6; a high rate of hospitalization was also detected among people at the age of 15-64 (65%). In clinic symptoms there were middle and severe forms with high frequency of hospitalization as compared with the season of 2009-2010, but much higher in comparison with the season of 2014-2015. Some of the hospitalized patients had virus pneumonias, half of which were bilateral. Among these patients, 10% were children; 30%, adults. The mortality in the intensive care unit of the hospital was 46%. Almost all lethal cases were among unvaccinated patients in the case of late hospitalization and without early antiviral therapy. The predominance of the influenza A(H1N1)09pdm virus both in the Russian Federation and the major part of the countries in the Northern hemisphere was noted. The results of the study of the antigenic properties of influenza strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus did not reveal any differences with respect to the vaccine virus. The sequencing data showed the amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (receptor binding and Sa sites) and in genes encoding internal proteins (PA, NP, M1, NS1). Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir and maintained resistance to rimantadine. The participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was comparable to that in preliminary epidemic seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lvov
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E I Burtseva
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L V Kolobukhina
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - I T Fedyakina
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E S Kirillova
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - S V Trushakova
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E L Feodoritova
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - A L Belyaev
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L N Merkulova
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - K G Krasnoslobodtsev
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E A Mukasheva
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E O Garina
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - T A Oskerko
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - V A Aristova
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - R V Vartanian
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L B Kisteneva
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - P G Deryabin
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - A G Prilipov
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - S V Alkhovsky
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - I S Kruzhkova
- «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - M V Bazarova
- FBIH Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases No 1
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Tjon-Kon-Fat R, Meerhoff T, Nikisins S, Pires J, Pereyaslov D, Gross D, Brown C. The potential risks and impact of the start of the 2015-2016 influenza season in the WHO European Region: a rapid risk assessment. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:236-246. [PMID: 26918771 PMCID: PMC4910174 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region are reporting more severe influenza activity in the 2015–2016 season compared to previous seasons. Objectives To conduct a rapid risk assessment to provide interim information on the severity of the current influenza season. Methods Using the WHO manual for rapid risk assessment of acute public health events and surveillance data available from Flu News Europe, an assessment of the current influenza season from 28 September 2015 (week 40/2015) up to 31 January 2016 (week 04/2016) was made compared with the four previous seasons. Results The current influenza season started around week 51/2015 with higher influenza activity reported in Eastern Europe compared to Western Europe. There is a strong predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to previous seasons, but the virus is antigenically similar to the strain included in the seasonal influenza vaccine. Compared to the 2014/2015 season, there was a rapid increase in the number of severe cases in Eastern European countries with the majority of such cases occurring among adults aged <65 years. Conclusions The current influenza season is characterized by an early start in Eastern European countries, with indications of a more severe season. Currently circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses are antigenically similar to those included in the seasonal influenza vaccine, and the vaccine is expected to be effective. Authorities should provide information to the public and health providers about the current influenza season, recommendations for the treatment of severe disease and effective public health measures to prevent influenza transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïssa Tjon-Kon-Fat
- Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamara Meerhoff
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sergejs Nikisins
- Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joao Pires
- Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dmitriy Pereyaslov
- Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diane Gross
- Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Brown
- Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Redlberger-Fritz M, Hirk S, Buchinger D, Haberl R, Hell M, Perkmann-Nagele N, Kundi M, Popow-Kraupp T. Distinct differences in clinical manifestation and viral laboratory parameters between children and adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection--a retrospective comparative analysis. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1048-55. [PMID: 24615722 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During the influenza pandemic 2009 children and adults differed in the clinical course of the influenza disease. In following the question arose, if the case definitions used within the national and international organizations are an adequate tool for the clinical diagnosis of influenza in children as well as in adults. Therefore medical charts from 146 children and 229 adults were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, the initial viral loads of all 375 patients and the duration of virus shedding of a subset of 79 patients were also investigated. Children show a wider clinical spectrum including gastro enteric symptoms and also a different spectrum of laboratory parameters like elevated CRP-levels, leucocytosis, and higher viral loads. Further, children show significantly more often complications, for example, myositis that may be underdiagnosed. In patients receiving antiviral-therapy complications occurred significantly less often and the presence of symptoms was significantly shorter compared to the untreated group (2.3 days vs. 6.0 days). In summary, the differences in the clinical picture between children and adults should be taken into consideration for the clinical diagnosis of influenza and also for a future discussion on age specific influenza case definitions.
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Lehners N, Geis S, Eisenbach C, Neben K, Schnitzler P. Changes in severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection from pandemic to first postpandemic season, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:748-55. [PMID: 23697801 PMCID: PMC3647517 DOI: 10.3201/eid1905.130034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied risk factors for a severe clinical outcome in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection at the University Hospital Heidelberg in the pandemic and first postpandemic seasons. We identified 102 patients in 2009–10 and 76 in 2010–11. The proportion of severely diseased patients dramatically increased from 14% in 2009–10 to 46% in 2010–11 as did the mortality rate (5%–12%). Patients in the first postpandemic season were significantly older (38 vs. 18 years) and more frequently had underlying medical conditions (75% vs. 51%). Overall, 50 patients (28%) had a severe clinical outcome, resulting in 14 deaths. Multivariate analysis showed that older male patients with chronic lung disease were at increased risk for a severe clinical outcome. In summary, the proportion of patients with severe disease and fatal cases increased in the postpandemic season. Therefore, patients with suspected infections should be promptly identified and receive early treatment.
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Abstract
Respiratory viral infection is a major cause of asthma exacerbations in both children and adults. Among the respiratory viruses, influenza virus is a particularly important pathogen due to its enormous morbidity and mortality in annual epidemics. The swine-origin influenza A virus, designated as A(H1N1)pdm09, emerged in the spring of 2009 and caused the first influenza pandemic in the 21st century. With the emergence of the novel A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, numerous epidemiologic studies detected asthma as a frequent comorbid condition in patients infected with this virus. Here we review recent reports regarding asthma in patients infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and we discuss the utility of influenza vaccines and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsutaro Sata
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of HealthToyama, Japan
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Zhang L, Peng Z, Ou J, Zeng G, Fontaine RE, Liu M, Cui F, Hong R, Zhou H, Huai Y, Chuang SK, Leung YH, Feng Y, Luo Y, Shen T, Zhu BP, Widdowson MA, Yu H. Protection by face masks against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on trans-Pacific passenger aircraft, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19. [PMID: 23968983 PMCID: PMC3810906 DOI: 10.3201/eid1909.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to several influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infections that developed in passengers after they traveled on the same 2 flights from New York, New York, USA, to Hong Kong, China, to Fuzhou, China, we assessed transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on these flights. We defined a case of infection as onset of fever and respiratory symptoms and detection of virus by PCR in a passenger or crew member of either flight. Illness developed only in passengers who traveled on the New York to Hong Kong flight. We compared exposures of 9 case-passengers with those of 32 asymptomatic control-passengers. None of the 9 case-passengers, compared with 47% (15/32) of control-passengers, wore a face mask for the entire flight (odds ratio 0, 95% CI 0-0.71). The source case-passenger was not identified. Wearing a face mask was a protective factor against influenza infection. We recommend a more comprehensive intervention study to accurately estimate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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