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Wang W, Zhang X, Wang W, Xue Y, Sheng D, Xie M, Xie A. Synthesis of flowerlike vanadium diselenide microspheres for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption. Nanotechnology 2024. [PMID: 38653210 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad41ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The revelation of MoS2 as an efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material has ratcheted up people's attention to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To date, extensive studies have been conducted on the semiconducting VIB-Group TMDs while research into metallic VB-Group TMDs has been relatively rare. In this work, we successfully fabricated VB-Group VSe2 microspheres through a facile one-step hydrothermal method and used them as EMW absorbers. The flowerlike VSe2 microspheres based on VSe2 nanosheets exhibited a minimum reflection loss of 46.58 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.86 GHz. The influence of material morphology, microstructure, and dielectric properties on the EMW absorption performance was systematically investigated. The hierarchically layered structure promoted dielectric loss and EMW absorption by means of multiple reflection, interfacial polarization and related relaxation, and enhanced attenuation ability. This work not only demonstrates that VSe2 is potentially a high-efficiency single component EMW absorber, but also provides fresh insights into exploration on the EMW loss mechanisms of the metallic TMD-based absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Wang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St, Nanjing, 210094, CHINA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| | - Weitao Wang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| | - Yinhui Xue
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| | - Daohu Sheng
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| | - Mengkai Xie
- Beijing Dianke Zhixin Technology Co., Ltd, 66 West Xiaokou road, Beijing, 100080, CHINA
| | - Aming Xie
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
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2
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Wu X, Karlin A, Beilin V, Shter GE, Grader GS, Ivry Y, Lin S, Tan DQ. Chain-Like Semiconductive Fillers for Dielectric Enhancement and Loss Reduction of Polymer Composites. Adv Mater 2024:e2401597. [PMID: 38511907 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric loss is a crucial factor in determining the long-term endurance for security and energy loss of dielectric composites. Here, chain-like semiconductive fibers of titanium oxide, indium, and niobium-doped titanium oxide are used for enhancing the complex dielectric properties of a polymer through composite construction, which involves significant interface enhancements. The chain-like fibers significantly enhance the dielectric constant owing to the special morphology of the fillers and their interfacial polarization, especially at higher temperatures. The dielectric loss and electrical conductivity of the composites are substantially reduced across the entire investigated temperature range, achieved by passivating the fiber surface with an alumina shell using atomic layer deposition. The as-deposited alumina shell transformed from an amorphous to a crystalline phase through thermal annealing results in a porous shell and more effective suppression of the loss tangent and electrical conductivity. A plausible mechanism for loss suppression is associated with carrier movement along the surface of the fibers and bulk, leading to a higher loss tangent. The alumina shell blocks the carrier transport path, particularly at the interfaces, resulting in a reduced interfacial polarization contribution and energy storage loss. This study provides a method for inhibiting dielectric loss by fabricating fillers with special surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Solid-State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Anat Karlin
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Vadim Beilin
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Gennady E Shter
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Gideon S Grader
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephan Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yachin Ivry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Solid-State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shuheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Daniel Q Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
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Zhou Z, Zhou X, Lan D, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Wu G, Yin P. Modulation Engineering of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance of Layered Double Hydroxides Derived Hollow Metal Carbides Integrating Corrosion Protection. Small 2024; 20:e2305849. [PMID: 37817350 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with unique layered structure and atomic composition are limited in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) due to their poor electrical conductivity and lack of dielectric properties. In this study, the EMA performance and anticorrosion of hollow derived LDH composites are improved by temperature control and composition design using ZIF-8 as a sacrifice template. Diverse regulation modes result in different mechanisms for EMA. In the temperature control process, chemical reactions tune the composition of the products and construct a refined structure to optimize the LDHs conductivity loss. Additionally, the different phase interfaces generated by the control components optimize the impedance matching and enhance the interfacial polarization. The results show that the prepared NCZ (Ni3ZnC0.7/Co3ZnC@C) has a minimum reflection loss (RLmin ) of -58.92 dB with a thickness of 2.4 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax ) of 7.36 GHz with a thickness of 2.4 mm. Finally, due to its special structure and composition, the sample exhibits excellent anticorrosion properties. This work offers essential knowledge for designing engineering materials derived from metal organic framework (MOF) with cutting-edge components and nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhou
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Di Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Jia
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
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Hui S, Zhou X, Zhang L, Wu H. Constructing Multiphase-Induced Interfacial Polarization to Surpass Defect-Induced Polarization in Multielement Sulfide Absorbers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307649. [PMID: 38044282 PMCID: PMC10853738 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The extremely weak heterointerface construction of high-entropy materials (HEM) hinders them being the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with ideal properties. To address this issue, this study proposes multiphase interfacial engineering and results in a multiphase-induced interfacial polarization loss in multielement sulfides. Through the selection of atoms with diverse reaction activities, the multiphase interfacial components of CuS (1 0 5), Fe0.5 Ni0.5 S2 (2 1 0), and CuFe2 S3 (2 0 0) are constructed to enhance the interfacial polarization loss in multielement Cu-based sulfides. Compared with single-phase high-entropy Zn-based sulfides (ZnFeCoNiCr-S), the multiphase Cu-based sulfides (CuFeCoNiCr-S) possess optimized EMW absorption properties (effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.70 GHz at 2.00 mm) due to the existence of specific interface of CuS (1 0 5)/CuFe2 S3 (2 0 0) with proper EM parameters. Furthermore, single-phase ZnFeCoNiCr-S into FeNi2 S4 (3 1 1)/(Zn, Fe)S (1 1 1) heterointerface through 400 °C heat-treated is decomposed. The EMW absorption properties are enhanced by strong interfacial polarization (EAB of 4.83 GHz at 1.45 mm). This work reveals the reasons for the limited EMW absorption properties of high-entropy sulfides and proposes multiphase interface engineering to improve charge accumulation and polarization between specific interfaces, leading to the enhanced EMW absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchong Hui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
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Gao Z, Iqbal A, Hassan T, Hui S, Wu H, Koo CM. Tailoring Built-In Electric Field in a Self-Assembled Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework/MXene Nanocomposites for Microwave Absorption. Adv Mater 2024:e2311411. [PMID: 38288859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Heterointerface engineering, which plays a pivotal role in developing advanced microwave-absorbing materials, is employed to design zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-MXene nanocomposites. The ZIF-MXene composites are prepared by electrostatic self-assembly of negatively charged titanium carbide MXene flakes and positively charged Co-containing ZIF nanomaterials. This approach effectively creates abundant Mott-Schottky heterointerfaces exhibiting a robust built-in electric field (BIEF) effect, as evidenced by experimental and theoretical analyses, leading to a notable attenuation of electromagnetic energy. Systematic manipulation of the BIEF-exhibiting heterointerface, achieved through topological modulation of the ZIF, proficiently alters charge separation, facilitates electron migration, and ultimately enhances polarization relaxation loss, resulting in exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance (reflection loss RLmin = -47.35 dB and effective absorption bandwidth fE = 6.32 GHz). The present study demonstrates an innovative model system for elucidating the interfacial polarization mechanisms and pioneers a novel approach to developing functional materials with electromagnetic characteristics through spatial charge engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Gao
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Aamir Iqbal
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tufail Hassan
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengchong Hui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 10072, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 10072, China
| | - Chong Min Koo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Deng W, Li T, Li H, Abdul J, Liu L, Dang A, Liu X, Duan M, Wu H. MOF Derivatives with Gradient Structure Anchored on Carbon Foam for High-Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. Small 2024:e2309806. [PMID: 38243852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The impedance matching and high loss capabilities of composites with homogeneous distribution are limited owing to high addition and lack of structural design. Developing composites with heterogeneous distribution can achieve strong and wide electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption. However, challenges such as complex design and unclear absorption mechanisms still exist. Herein, a novel composite with a heterogeneous distribution gradient is successfully constructed via MOF derivatives Co@ nitrogen-doped carbon (Co@NC) anchored on carbon foam (CF) matrix (MDCF). Notably, the concentration of MOF can easily control the gradient structure. In particular, the morphologies of MOF derivatives on the surface of CF undergo a transition from the collapse of the inner layer to the integrity of the outer layer, accompanied by a continuous reduction in the size of Co nanoparticles. Correspondingly, enhanced interface polarization from the core-shell of Co@NC and good impedance matching of MDCF can be obtained. The optimized MDCF exhibits the minimum reflection loss of -68.18 dB at 2.01 mm and effective absorption bandwidth covering the entire X-band. Moreover, MDCF exhibits lightweight characteristics, excellent compressive strength, and low radar cross-section reduction. This work highlights the immense potential of composites with heterogeneous distribution for achieving high-performance EM wave absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Deng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tiehu Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jalil Abdul
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Liting Liu
- Analysis & Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Alei Dang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Mengfei Duan
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
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Hu F, Tang H, Wu F, Ding P, Zhang P, Sun W, Cai L, Fan B, Zhang R, Sun Z. Sn Whiskers from Ti 2 SnC Max Phase: Bridging Dual-Functionality in Electromagnetic Attenuation. Small Methods 2024:e2301476. [PMID: 38183383 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of complex electromagnetic (EM) environments, the demand for EM-attenuating materials with multiple functionalities has grown. 1D metals, known for their high conductivity and ability to form networks that facilitate electron migration, stand out as promising candidates for EM attenuation. Presently, they find primary use in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, but achieving a dual-purpose application for EMI shielding and microwave absorption (MA) remains a challenge. In this context, Sn whiskers derived from the Ti2 SnC MAX phase exhibit exceptional EMI shielding and MA properties. A minimum reflection loss of -44.82 dB is achievable at lower loading ratios, while higher loading ratios yield efficient EMI shielding effectiveness of 42.78 dB. These qualities result from a delicate balance between impedance matching and EM energy attenuation via adjustable conductive networks; and the enhanced interfacial polarization effect at the cylindrical heterogeneous interface between Sn and SnO2 , visually characterized through off-axis electron holography, also contributes to the impressive performance. Considering the compositional diversity of MAX phases and the scalable fabrication approach with environmental friendliness, this study provides a valuable pathway to multifunctional EM attenuating materials based on 1D metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Fushuo Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Pei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Peigen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Longzhu Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - ZhengMing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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8
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Sun X, Li Y, Li X, Chen P, Zhu Y. Rational Design of a Core-Shelled Ti 3AlC 2@La 2Zr 2O 7 Composite for High-Temperature Broadband Microwave Absorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:59895-59904. [PMID: 38102992 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-absorbing materials adapting to high temperatures and harsh environments are in great demand. Herein, a core-shelled Ti3AlC2@La2Zr2O7 (TAC@LZO) composite was designed and fabricated by encapsulating the La2Zr2O7 (LZO) thermal insulation ceramic on the surface of highly conductive Ti3AlC2 (TAC) via chemical coprecipitation and subsequent heat treatment. The continuous LZO ceramic coating on the surface improved the oxidation resistance of the composite at 600 °C and modulated its dielectric properties. The TAC@LZO composite exhibited an excellent microwave absorption performance within the temperature range of 25-600 °C, minimum reflection loss (RLmin) < -55 dB, and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL < -10 dB) of 4 GHz. This work presents an effective approach for developing stable high-temperature microwave absorbers from thermal insulation ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P.R. China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P.R. China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P.R. China
| | - Pingan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P.R. China
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Wang C, Cao W, Liang C, Zhao H, Cheng C, Huang S, Yu Y, Wang C. Ultrahigh Energy-Storage Density of BaTiO 3-Based Ceramics via the Interfacial Polarization Strategy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:42774-42783. [PMID: 37641444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free dielectric capacitors are excellent candidates for pulsed power devices. However, their low breakdown strength (Eb) strongly limits their energy-storage performance. In this study, Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 (SBT) and Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 (BMH) were introduced into BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics to suppress interfacial polarization and modulate the microstructure. The results show that the introduction of SBT and BMH increases the band gap width, reduces the domain size, and, most importantly, successfully attenuates the interfacial polarization. Significantly enhanced Eb values were obtained in (1 - x)(0.65BaTiO3-0.35Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3)-xBi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 (BSBT-xBMH) ceramics. Meanwhile, the interfacial polarization was reduced to near zero in the sample with x = 0.10, achieving an ultrahigh Eb (64 kV/mm) and a very large recoverable energy-storage density (Wrec ≈ 9.13 J/cm3). In addition, the sample has excellent thermal stability (in line with EIA-X7R standards) and frequency stability. These properties indicate that the BSBT-0.10BMH ceramic holds promising potential for the application of pulsed power devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cen Liang
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shouguo Huang
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chunchang Wang
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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10
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Huang X, Yu G, Quan B, Xu J, Sun G, Shao G, Zhang Q, Guo T, Guan J, Zhang M, Zhu X, Gu L. Harnessing Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Disordering of Monoclinic Birnessite for Excited Interfacial Polarization and Local Magnetic Domains. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300045. [PMID: 37093215 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The symmetry in a polymorph is one of the most important elements for determining the inherent lattice nature. The MnO2 host tends to high-symmetry MnO6 octahedra as a result of the electronic structure t2g 3 eg 0 of Mn4+ ions, displaying an ordered structure accompanying with poor polarization loss and limiting its application toward high-performance microwave absorbers. Here, a pseudo-Jahn-Teller (PJT) distortion and PJT disordering design with abundant self-forming interfaces and local magnetic domains in the monoclinic birnessite-MnO2 host is first reported. The PJT distortion can give rise to asymmetric MnO6 octahedra, inducing the formation of interfaces and increased electron spin magnetic moment in the lattice. The resultant birnessite with PJT distortions and PJT disordering delivers an outstanding reflection loss value of -42.5 dB at an ultralow thickness of 1.7 mm, mainly derived from the excited interfacial polarization and magnetic loss. This work demonstrates an effective approach in regulating the lattice structure of birnessite for boosting microwave absorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Gaoyuan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Bin Quan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guomin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Gaofeng Shao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tengchao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jiaping Guan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mingji Zhang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Lin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Kim MP. Multilayered Functional Triboelectric Polymers for Self-Powered Wearable Applications: A Review. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1640. [PMID: 37630176 PMCID: PMC10456717 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional wearable devices detect electric signals responsive to various biological stimuli and monitor present body motions or conditions, necessitating flexible materials with high sensitivity and sustainable operation. Although various dielectric polymers have been utilized in self-powered wearable applications in response to multiple external stimuli, their intrinsic limitations hinder further device performance enhancement. Because triboelectric devices comprising dielectric polymers are based on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, multilayer-stacking structures of dielectric polymers enable significant improvements in device performance owing to enhanced interfacial polarization through dissimilar permittivity and conductivity between each layer, resulting in self-powered high-performance wearable devices. Moreover, novel triboelectric polymers with unique chemical structures or nano-additives can control interfacial polarization, allowing wearable devices to respond to multiple external stimuli. This review summarizes the recent insights into multilayered functional triboelectric polymers, including their fundamental dielectric principles and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo P Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bouharras FE, Atlas S, Capaccioli S, Labardi M, Hajlane A, Ameduri B, Raihane M. Synthesis and Characterization of Core-Double-Shell-Structured PVDF- grafted-BaTiO 3/P(VDF- co-HFP) Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3126. [PMID: 37514515 PMCID: PMC10383315 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Core-double-shell-structured nanocomposite films consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-grafted-barium titanate (PVDF-g-BT) incorporated into a P(VDF-co-hexafluoropropylene (HFP)) copolymer matrix were produced via a solution mixing method for energy storage applications. The resulting films were thoroughly investigated via spectroscopic, thermal, and morphological analyses. Thermogravimetric data provided an enhancement of the thermal stability, while differential scanning calorimetry indicated an increase in the crystallinity of the films after the addition of PVDF-g-BT. Moreover, broadband dielectric spectroscopy revealed three dielectric processes, namely, glass-rubber relaxation (αa), relaxation associated with the polymer crystalline phase (αc), and slower relaxation in the nanocomposites resulting from the accumulation of charge on the interface between the PVDF-g-BT filler and the P(VDF-co-HFP) matrix. The dependence of the dielectric constant from the composition was analyzed, and we found that the highest permittivity enhancement was obtained by the highest concentration filler added to the largest concentration of P(VDF-co-HFP). Mechanical analysis revealed an improvement in Young's modulus for all nanocomposites versus pristine P(VDF-co-HFP), confirming the uniformity of the distribution of the PVDF-g-BT nanocomposite with a strong interaction with the copolymer matrix, as also evidenced via scanning electron microscopy. The suggested system is promising for use in high-energy-density storage devices as supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzahra Bouharras
- IMED-Lab., Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Av. A. El Khattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Salima Atlas
- IMED-Lab., Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Av. A. El Khattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Béni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Abdelghani Hajlane
- IMED-Lab., Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Av. A. El Khattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mustapha Raihane
- IMED-Lab., Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Av. A. El Khattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
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13
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Tian G, Deng W, Yang T, Xiong D, Zhang H, Lan B, Deng L, Zhang B, Jin L, Huang H, Sun Y, Wang S, Yang W. Insight into Interfacial Polarization for Enhancing Piezoelectricity in Ferroelectric Nanocomposites. Small 2023; 19:e2207947. [PMID: 36651008 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial effect is widely used to optimize the properties of ferroelectric nanocomposites, however, there is still a lack of direct evidence to understand its underlying mechanisms limited by the nano size and complex structures. Here, taking piezoelectricity, for example, the mechanism of interfacial polarization in barium titanate/poly(vinylidene fluoride-ran-trifluoroethylene) (BTO/P(VDF-TrFE)) nanocomposite is revealed at multiple scales by combining Kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM) with theoretical stimulation. The results prove that the mismatch of permittivity between matrix and filler leads to the accumulation of charges, which in turn induces local polarization in the interfacial region, and thus can promote piezoelectricity independently. Furthermore, the strategy of interfacial polarization to enhance piezoelectricity is extended and validated in other two similar nanocomposites. This work uncovers the mechanism of interfacial polarization and paves newfangled insights to boost performances in ferroelectric nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Da Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Boling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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14
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Bouharras FE, Labardi M, Tombari E, Capaccioli S, Raihane M, Améduri B. Dielectric Characterization of Core-Shell Structured Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-grafted-BaTiO(3) Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771897 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-grafted-BaTiO3 (PVDF-g-BT) core-shell structured nanocomposites obtained from Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization of VDF were investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). The dielectric constant increased along with the BT content, about +50% by addition of 15 vol% of BT, which was around 40% more than expected from predictions using the usual dielectric modeling methods for composite materials, to be ascribed to the effect of the interfacial core-shell structure. The known dielectric relaxations for PVDF were observed for the neat polymer as well as for its nanocomposites, not affected by the presence of nanoparticles. A relaxation process at higher temperatures was found, due to interfacial polarization at the amorphous-crystalline interface, due to the high crystallinity of materials produced by RAFT. Isochronal BDS spectra were exploited to detect the primary relaxation of the amorphous fraction. Thermal analysis demonstrated a very broad endotherm at temperatures much lower than the usual melting peaks, possibly due to the ungrafted fraction of the polymer that is more easily removable by repeated washing of the pristine material with acetone.
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15
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Ding Y, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Wu T, Yuan G, Liu JM. Strain-Manipulated Photovoltaic and Photoelectric Effects of the MAPbBr 3 Single Crystal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:52134-52139. [PMID: 36375893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite materials, such as MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, show excellent semiconductor properties, and thus, they have attracted a lot of attention for applications in solar cells, photodetectors, etc. Here, a periodic strain can dynamically manipulate the build-in electric field (Ebi) of the depletion region with piezoelectricity at the Au/MAPbBr3 interface. As a result, the photovoltaic short-circuit current density (Jsc) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) are increased by 670 and 82%, respectively, by applying an external strain upon an asymmetric solar-cell-like Au/MAPbBr3/Ga structure. Furthermore, the equivalent piezoelectric d33 values of ∼3.5 pC/N are confirmed in the Au/MAPbBr3/Au structure with both the sinusoidal strain and the 405 nm light illumination with 220 mW/cm2 upon one semitransparent Au electrode. This study not only proves that pressure can effectively enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the halide perovskite-based solar cells and light detectors but also supposes a multifunctional sensor, which can detect light intensity, sense dynamic pressure, explore accelerated speed, etc. simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecheng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales2052, Australia
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210093, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xu J, Liu D, Meng Y, Tang S, Wang F, Bian C, Chen X, Xiao S, Meng X, Yang N. CoFe 2O 4nanoparticles dispersed on carbon rods derived from cotton for high-efficiency microwave absorption. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:215603. [PMID: 35105828 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac50ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived carbon materials have received a surge of scientific attention to develop lightweight and broadband microwave absorbers. Herein, rodlike porous carbon materials derived from cotton have been fabricated with uniformly dispersed CoFe2O4nanoparticles via facile and scalable process. The combination of magnetic particles and carbonaceous material is advantageous to realize the magnetic-dielectric synergistic effect which could effectively promote the dissipation of incident waves, giving rise to an optimal reflection loss value of -48.2 dB over a qualified bandwidth (4.8 GHz) at 2.5 mm. The cotton-derived carbon rods with conductive network not only act as a supporter to carry the CoFe2O4nanoparticles, but also provide massive heterointerfaces to facilitate the interfacial polarization. In consideration of the renewable and abundant resource of cotton, the as-prepared CoFe2O4/C composites would meet the increasing demand of lightweight and highly efficient microwave absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Bian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Siren Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Naitao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
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17
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Guo R, Su D, Chen F, Cheng Y, Wang X, Gong R, Luo H. Hollow Beaded Fe 3C/N-Doped Carbon Fibers toward Broadband Microwave Absorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:3084-3094. [PMID: 34994534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-absorbing materials have attracted enormous attention for electromagnetic (EM) pollution. Herein, hollow beaded Fe3C/N-doped carbon fibers (Fe3C/NCFs) were synthesized through convenient electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment. The special hollow morphology of the samples is conducive to achieve lightweight and broadband microwave absorption properties. The thermal treatment temperatures exhibit a significant impact on conductivity and EM properties. The broadest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 5.28 GHz at 2.16 mm when the thermal treatment temperature is 700 °C, and the EAB can cover 13.13 GHz with a tunable absorber thickness from 1.0 to 3.5 mm when the thermal treatment temperature is 750 °C. The excellent microwave absorption properties of the samples are due to the synergistic effect of impedance matching and strong EM energy attenuation abilities. Hence, the magnetic hollow beaded Fe3C/NCFs are expected to be an attractive candidate material as a lightweight and efficient microwave absorber in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Guo
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Su
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Cheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhou Gong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
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18
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Li Y, Liao Y, Ji L, Hu C, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao R, Rong H, Qin G, Zhang X. Quinary High-Entropy-Alloy@Graphite Nanocapsules with Tunable Interfacial Impedance Matching for Optimizing Microwave Absorption. Small 2022; 18:e2107265. [PMID: 34908242 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Designing heterogeneous interfaces and components at the nanoscale is proven effective for optimizing electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding properties, which can achieve desirable dielectric polarization and ferromagnetic resonances. However, it remains a challenge for the precise control of components and microstructures via an efficient synthesis approach. Here, the arc-discharged plasma method is proposed to synthesize core@shell structural high-entropy-alloy@graphite nanocapsules (HEA@C-NPs), in which the HEA nanoparticles are in situ encapsulated within a few layers of graphite through the decomposition of methane. In particular, the HEA cores can be designed via combinations of various transition elements, presenting the optimized interfacial impedance matching. As an example, the FeCoNiTiMn HEA@C-NPs obtain the minimum reflection loss (RLmin ) of -33.4 dB at 7.0 GHz (3.34 mm) and the efficient absorption bandwidth (≤-10 dB) of 5.45 GHz ranging from 12.55 to 18.00 GHz with an absorber thickness of 1.9 mm. The present approach can be extended to other carbon-coated complex components systems for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Li
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Liao
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Lianze Ji
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Rong
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
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19
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Zhang C, Wu Z, Xu C, Yang B, Wang L, You W, Che R. Hierarchical Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene/Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Microsphere with Confined Magnetic Nanospheres for Broadband Microwave Absorption. Small 2022; 18:e2104380. [PMID: 34914181 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical hollow structure with unique interfacial properties holds great potential for microwave absorption (MA). Ti3 C2 Tx MXene has been a hot topic due to rich interface structure, abundant defects, and functional groups. However, its overhigh permittivity and poor aggregation-resistance limit the further application. Herein, a hierarchical MXene-based hollow microsphere is prepared via a facile spray drying strategy. Within the microsphere, few-layered MXene nanosheets are separated by dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exposing abundant dielectric polarization interfaces. Besides, numerous magnetic Fe3 O4 nanospheres are uniformly dispersed and confined within nano-cavities between 1D network and 2D framework. Such a novel structure simultaneously promotes interfacial polarization by ternary MXene/CNTs/Fe3 O4 interfaces, enhances magnetic loss by microscale and nanoscale coupling network, enlarges conduction loss by MXene/CNTs dual-network, and optimizes impedance matching by hierarchical porous structure. Therefore, Fe3 O4 @Ti3 C2 Tx /CNTs composite achieves excellent MA property with a maximum reflection loss of -40.1 dB and an effective bandwidth of 5.8 GHz at the thickness of only 2 mm. This work demonstrates a feasible hierarchical structure design strategy for multi-dimension MXene composite to realize the high-efficiency MA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhengchen Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bintong Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin You
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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20
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Qu Z, Wang Y, Yang P, Zheng W, Li N, Bai J, Zhang Y, Li K, Wang D, Liu Z, Yao K, Li R, Zhang Y. Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Ultrathin MnO 2 Nanosheet-Decorated Spherical Flower-Shaped Carbonyl Iron Powder. Molecules 2021; 27:135. [PMID: 35011367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, spherical flower-shaped composite carbonyl iron powder@MnO2 (CIP@MnO2) with CIP as the core and ultrathin MnO2 nanosheets as the shell was successfully prepared by a simple redox reaction to improve oxidation resistance and electromagnetic wave absorption properties. The microwave-absorbing properties of CIP@MnO2 composites with different filling ratios (mass fractions of 20%, 40%, and 60% after mixing with paraffin) were tested and analyzed. The experimental results show that compared with pure CIP, the CIP@MnO2 composites have smaller minimum reflection loss and a wider effective absorption bandwidth than CIP (RL < -20 dB). The sample filled with 40 wt% has the best comprehensive performance, the minimum reflection loss is -63.87 dB at 6.32 GHz, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -20 dB) reaches 7.28 GHz in the range of 5.92 GHz-9.28 GHz and 11.2 GHz-15.12 GHz, which covers most C and X bands. Such excellent microwave absorption performance of the spherical flower-like CIP@MnO2 composites is attributed to the combined effect of multiple beneficial components and the electromagnetic attenuation ability generated by the special spherical flower-like structure. Furthermore, this spherical flower-like core-shell shape aids in the creation of discontinuous networks, which improve microwave incidence dispersion, polarize more interfacial charges, and allow electromagnetic wave absorption. In theory, this research could lead to a simple and efficient process for producing spherical flower-shaped CIP@MnO2 composites with high absorption, a wide band, and oxidation resistance for a wide range of applications.
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21
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Li X, You W, Zhang R, Fang J, Zeng Q, Li X, Xu C, Wang M, Che R. Synthesis of Nonspherical Hollow Architecture with Magnetic Fe Core and Ni Decorated Tadpole-Like Shell as Ultrabroad Bandwidth Microwave Absorbers. Small 2021; 17:e2103351. [PMID: 34651430 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of electromagnetic (EM) protection technology promotes the urgent demand for the structural design of electromagnetic functional materials. Here, tadpole-like Fe@SiO2 @C-Ni (FSCN) composites with magnetic core-shell and nonspherical hollow architectures through multiple hydrolysis-polymerization reactions are reported. The Fe core and well-distributed Ni nanoparticles greatly promote the magnetic properties of FSCN and construct a multiscale magnetic coupling network. Meanwhile, the multishell composites consisting of carbon shell with Ni decorated possess an abundance of heterogeneous interfaces, generating effective interfacial polarization and relaxation. The hollow feature and the coordination of magnetic and dielectric capacities offer an optimized impedance balance, providing a fundament for the microwaves propagating into the absorber. Owing to the attractive effects resulted from the deliberate tadpole-like structure design, the FSCN composites ensure an effective EM energy conversion at the high-frequency region, which obtain the strongest reflection loss value of -45.2 dB and the extremely broad effective absorption bandwidth of 13.1 GHz. This work provides an important solution for magnetic-dielectric nanostructure design for microwave absorption and energy conversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin You
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Fang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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Chang KC, Liu K, Hu L, Li L, Lin X, Zhang S, Zhang R, Liu HJ, Kuo TP. Supercritical Ammoniation-Enabled Interfacial Polarization for Function-Mode Transformation and Overall Optimization of Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:40053-40061. [PMID: 34392676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film transistors (TFTs) have drawn widespread applications in the increasingly sophisticated display field. Despite the mature process of fabricating enhancement-mode TFTs, lack of facile methods to realize depletion-mode TFTs restrains the implementation of complementary-type circuits, which in turn leads to relatively high power. Here, the supercritical fluid technique is introduced to elaborately design and tune the interface, providing the opportunity for function-mode transformation of TFTs. By harnessing supercritical-assisted ammoniation (SCA) treatment, interfacial polarization induces negative shift of threshold voltage (from 0.2 to -9.8 V), which allows TFTs to remain normally on-state in the absence of complex capacitor-integrated circuits. This convenient technique, without an additional manufacturing process to achieve function-mode transformation, can thus enable the fabrication of comprehensive-mode TFTs under the same process. Furthermore, comprehensive optimizations in the mobility (increases from 2.08 to 17.12 cm2 V-1 s-1), leakage current (reduces from 1.33 × 10-11 to 2.22 × 10-12 A), hysteresis (reduces from 11.2 to 0.2 V), and on/off current ratio (increases from 9.65 × 104 to 7.98 × 106) are achieved simultaneously. Based on conjoint analysis of electrical and material characterization, a reaction model is established for a clearer understanding of the interfacial polarization process. Overall, this low-temperature SCA treatment offers an environmentally benign strategy to modulate the function mode of electronic devices via interfacial engineering and optimize device performance at the same time, exhibiting promise in promoting the implementation of complementary, low-power circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chang Chang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luodan Hu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinnan Lin
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Peng Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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23
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Zhang M, Song S, Liu Y, Hou Z, Tang W, Li S. Microstructural Design of Necklace-Like Fe 3O 4/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Composites with Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14174783. [PMID: 34500874 PMCID: PMC8432561 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to manufacture microwave absorbers with strong attenuation abilities and that are light weight, in this paper, ferromagnetic carbon matrix composites were prepared by the composite of carbon nanotubes with adjustable dielectric constant and Fe3O4. Fe3O4/MWCNT composites with well-designed necklace-like structure and controllable size in the range of 100–400 nm have been successfully achieved by a simple solvent thermal method. A series of samples were prepared by changing experimental parameters. The microwave absorption characteristics of these samples were studied from the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability in two aspects. The electromagnetic absorption properties of the composites show obvious differences with different microsphere sizes, different microsphere density and different proportion of additives. When the solvothermal time is 15 h and the microsphere size is 400 nm, the reflection loss reaches −38 dB. The interfacial polarization caused by the unique structural design and good impedance matching produce composites that possess excellent electromagnetic loss ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (S.S.); (Z.H.); (W.T.)
- Foshan Graduate School, Northeastern University, Foshan 528311, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Sinan Song
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (S.S.); (Z.H.); (W.T.)
| | - Yamin Liu
- Comprehensive Technology Center of Foshan Customs, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Zaoxia Hou
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (S.S.); (Z.H.); (W.T.)
| | - Wenyi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (S.S.); (Z.H.); (W.T.)
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (S.S.); (Z.H.); (W.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (S.L.)
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24
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Yokokura S, Tomimatsu A, Ishiguro J, Harada J, Takahashi H, Takahashi Y, Nakamura Y, Kishida H, Suizu R, Matsushita MM, Awaga K. Stabilization of Interfacial Polarization and Induction of Polarization Hysteresis in Organic MISIM Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:31928-31933. [PMID: 34192877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-based ferroelectrics has attracted much attention because of its advantages, such as flexibility, light weight, and low environmental load. In the present work, we examined an organic metal|insulator|semiconductor|insulator|metal (MISIM) device structure to stabilize the interfacial polarization in the S layer and to induce polarization hysteresis even without bulk ferroelectrics. The MISIM devices with I = parylene C and S = TMB (=3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine)-TCNQ (=tetracyanoquinodimethane) exhibited hysteresis loops in the polarization-voltage (P-V) curves not only at room temperature but also over a wide temperature range down to 80 K. The presence of polarization hysteresis for MISIM devices was theoretically confirmed by an electrostatic model, which also explained the observed thickness dependence of the I layers on the P-V curves. Polarization hysteresis curves were also obtained in MISIM devices using typical organic semiconductors (ZnPc, C60, and TCNQ) as the S layer, demonstrating the versatility of the interfacial polarization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yokokura
- Department of Chemistry and IRCCS, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tomimatsu
- Department of Chemistry and IRCCS, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jun Ishiguro
- Department of Chemistry and IRCCS, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuto Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hideo Kishida
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Rie Suizu
- Department of Chemistry and IRCCS, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michio M Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry and IRCCS, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Department of Chemistry and IRCCS, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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25
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Cho MY, Kim IS, Kim SH, Park C, Kim NY, Kim SW, Kim S, Oh JM. Unique Noncontact Monitoring of Human Respiration and Sweat Evaporation Using a CsPb 2Br 5-Based Sensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5602-5613. [PMID: 33496182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Respiration monitoring and human sweat sensing have promising application prospects in personal healthcare data collection, disease diagnostics, and the effective prevention of human-to-human transmission of fatal viruses. Here, we have introduced a unique respiration monitoring and touchless sensing system based on a CsPb2Br5/BaTiO3 humidity-sensing layer operated by water-induced interfacial polarization and prepared using a facile aerosol deposition process. Based on the relationship between sensing ability and layer thickness, the sensing device with a 1.0 μm thick layer was found to exhibit optimal sensing performance, a result of its ideal microstructure. This sensor also exhibits the highest electrical signal variation at 0.5 kHz due to a substantial polarizability difference between high and low humidity. As a result, the CsPb2Br5/BaTiO3 sensing device shows the best signal variation of all types of breath-monitoring devices reported to date when used to monitor sudden changes in respiratory rates in diverse situations. Furthermore, the sensor can effectively detect sweat evaporation when placed 1 cm from the skin, including subtle changes in capacitance caused by finger area and motion, skin moisture, and contact time. This ultrasensitive sensor, with its fast response, provides a potential new sensing platform for the long-term daily monitoring of respiration and sweat evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soo Kim
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hun Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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26
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Patel T, Kim MP, Park J, Lee TH, Nellepalli P, Noh SM, Jung HW, Ko H, Oh JK. Self-Healable Reprocessable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Fabricated with Vitrimeric Poly(hindered Urea) Networks. ACS Nano 2020; 14:11442-11451. [PMID: 32840992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the advent of highly deformable and healable electronics is exciting and promising for next-generation electronic devices. In particular, self-healable triboelectric nanogenerators (SH-TENGs) serve as promising candidates based on the combination of the triboelectric effect, electrostatic induction, and self-healing action. However, the majority of SH-TENGs have been devised with weak polymeric networks that are healed with reversible supramolecular interactions or disulfides, thus resulting in poor mechanical properties and low resistance to creeping. To address this issue, we demonstrate the integration of mechanically strong and self-healable poly(hindered urea) (PHU) network in the fabrication of effective TENGs. The designed PHU network is flexible but shows greater mechanical property of tensile strength as high as 1.7 MPa at break. The network is capable of self-healing quickly and repeatedly as well as being reprocessable under mild conditions, enabling the recovery of triboelectric performances after the complete healing of the damaged surfaces. Furthermore, the interfacial-polarization-induced enhancement of dielectric constant endows our SH-TENG with the highest triboelectric output performance (169.9 V/cm2) among the reported healable TENGs. This work presents an avenue to the development of mechanical energy-harvesting devices and self-powered sensors with excellent stretchability, high recoverability, and good mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkal Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Minsoo P Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H4B 1R6
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27
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Chen C, Sun Q, Wang C, Bu Y, Zhang J, Peng Z. Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber. Molecules 2020; 25:E4128. [PMID: 32927584 PMCID: PMC7570720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing liquid rubber to toughen epoxy resin is one of the most mature and promising methods. However, the dielectric relaxation characteristics of the epoxy/liquid rubber composites have not been studied systematically, while the relaxation behaviours are a critical factor for both micro and macro properties. In this paper, hydroxyl-terminated liquid nitrile rubber (HTBN) is employed to reinforce a kind of room-temperature-cured epoxy resin. The dielectric spectrum is measured and analysed. Results show that two relaxation processes are introduced in the binary composites. The α relaxation of HTBN shows a similar temperature dependence with the β relaxation of epoxy resin. The interfacial polarization leads to an increase of complex permittivity, which reaches its maximum at 70 °C. In addition, affected by interfacial polarization, the thermionic polarization is inhibited, and the samples with filler ratios of 15% and 25% show lower DC-conductivity below 150 °C. In addition, the α relaxation and thermionic polarization of epoxy resin obey the Vogel‒Fulcher‒Tammann law, while the interfacial polarization and DC-conductivity satisfy with the Arrhenius law. Furthermore, the fitting results of the Vogel temperature of α relaxation, glass transition temperature, apparent activation energy of interfacial polarization and DC-conductivity all decline with HTBN content. These results can provide a reference and theoretical guidance for the assessment of dielectric properties and the improvement of the formulation of liquid-rubber-toughened epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (C.C.); (Q.S.); (Y.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (C.C.); (Q.S.); (Y.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chuang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (C.C.); (Q.S.); (Y.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yue Bu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (C.C.); (Q.S.); (Y.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (C.C.); (Q.S.); (Y.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zongren Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
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28
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Chen Y, Qian J, Yu J, Guo M, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Shen Z, Chen LQ, Shen Y. An All-Scale Hierarchical Architecture Induces Colossal Room-Temperature Electrocaloric Effect at Ultralow Electric Field in Polymer Nanocomposites. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1907927. [PMID: 32567148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composed of electrocaloric (EC) ceramics and polymers, polymer composites with high EC performances are considered as promising candidates for next-generation all-solid-state cooling devices. Their mass application is limited by the low EC strength, which requires very high operational voltage to induce appreciable temperature change. Here, an all-scale hierarchical architecture is proposed and demonstrated to achieve high EC strength in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)-based nanocomposites. On the atomic scale, highly polarizable hierarchical interfaces are induced by incorporating BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles in Ba(Zr0.21 Ti0.79 )O3 (BZT) nanofibers (BFO@BZT_nfs); on the microscopic scale, percolation of the interfaces further raises the polarization of the composite nanofibers; on the mesoscopic scale, orthotropic orientation of BFO@BZT_nfs leads to much enhanced breakdown strength of the nanocomposites. As a result, an ultrahigh EC strength of ≈0.22 K m MV-1 is obtained at an ultralow electric field of 75 MV m-1 in nanocomposites filled with the orthotropic composite nanofibers, which is by far the highest value achieved in polymer nanocomposites at a moderate electric field. Results of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, in situ scanning Kelvin probe microscopy characterization, and phase-field simulations all indicate that the much enhanced EC performances can be attributed to the all-scale hierarchical structures of the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinyao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengfan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianyong Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314006, China
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29
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Hölzel R, Pethig R. Protein Dielectrophoresis: I. Status of Experiments and an Empirical Theory. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E533. [PMID: 32456059 PMCID: PMC7281080 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dielectrophoresis (DEP) data reported in the literature since 1994 for 22 different globular proteins is examined in detail. Apart from three cases, all of the reported protein DEP experiments employed a gradient field factor ∇Em2 that is much smaller (in some instances by many orders of magnitude) than the ~4 1021 V2/m3 required, according to current DEP theory, to overcome the dispersive forces associated with Brownian motion. This failing results from the macroscopic Clausius-Mossotti (CM) factor being restricted to the range 1.0 > CM > -0.5. Current DEP theory precludes the protein's permanent dipole moment (rather than the induced moment) from contributing to the DEP force. Based on the magnitude of the β-dispersion exhibited by globular proteins in the frequency range 1 kHz-50 MHz, an empirically derived molecular version of CM is obtained. This factor varies greatly in magnitude from protein to protein (e.g., ~37,000 for carboxypeptidase; ~190 for phospholipase) and when incorporated into the basic expression for the DEP force brings most of the reported protein DEP above the minimum required to overcome dispersive Brownian thermal effects. We believe this empirically-derived finding validates the theories currently being advanced by Matyushov and co-workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Hölzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Ronald Pethig
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nanosystems, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
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30
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Bao W, Chen C, Si Z. An Easy Method of Synthesis Co xO y@C Composite with Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E902. [PMID: 32397150 PMCID: PMC7279402 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design of interface-controllable magnetic composite towards the wideband microwave absorber is greatly significance, however, it still remains challenging. Herein, we designed a spherical-like hybrids, using the Co3O4 and amorphous carbon as the core and shell, respectively. Then, the existed Co3O4 core could be totally reduced by the carbon shell, thus in CoxOy core (composed by Co and Co3O4). Of particular note, the ratios of Co and Co3O4 can be linearly tuned, suggesting the controlled interfaces, which greatly influences the interface loss behavior and electromagnetic absorption performance. The results revealed that the minimum reflection loss value (RLmin) of -39.4 dB could be achieved for the optimal CoxOy@C sample under a thin thickness of 1.4 mm. More importantly, the frequency region with RL < -10 dB was estimated to be 4.3 GHz, ranging from 13.7 to 18.0 GHz. The superior wideband microwave absorption performance was primarily attributed to the multiple interfacial polarization and matched impedance matching ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7989, Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7989, Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China;
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7989, Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China;
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Yan P, Shen Y, Du X, Chong J. Microwave Absorption Properties of Magnetite Particles Extracted from Nickel Slag. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092162. [PMID: 32392790 PMCID: PMC7254250 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of nickel slag has attracted much attention due to its high-content of valuable elements. As a part of these efforts, this work focuses on whether magnetite crystals, obtained from nickel slag via molten oxidation, magnetic separation, and ball-milling can be used as a microwave absorber. The composition, morphology, microstructure, magnetic properties, and microwave absorption performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and vector network analysis (VNA). The results reveal that the magnetite crystals exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties because of the synergistic action between dielectric loss and magnetic loss. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the particles obtained after 6 h ball-milling reaches −34.0 dB at 16.72 GHz with thickness of 5 mm. The effective frequency bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) is 4.8–5.4 GHz and 15.9–17.6 GHz. Interfacial polarization of the particles could play a crucial role in improving absorbing properties because several components contained in the particles can dissipate electromagnetic wave effectively. The current study could show great potential in the preparation of magnetite crystals and utilization of nickel slag.
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Wang C, Sun Q, Lei K, Chen C, Yao L, Peng Z. Effect of Toughening with Different Liquid Rubber on Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E433. [PMID: 32059507 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid rubber is a common filler introduced to epoxy resin to improve its toughness for electrical insulation and electronic packaging applications. The improvement of toughness by adding liquid rubber to epoxy resin leads to the variation of its dielectric properties and relaxation behaviors and it has not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, four kinds of liquid rubber with different polarity were selected and the corresponding epoxy/liquid rubber composites have been prepared. By analyzing the temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric spectra, we found that a lower relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the epoxy/liquid rubber composites could be achieved by reducing the polarity of liquid rubber filler. These results also confirm that the polarity of liquid rubber plays a critical role in determining the α transition relaxation strength of rubber molecules at about -50 °C, as well as the relaxation time of interfacial polarization. In addition, the conductivity of rubber phase with different polarity were investigated by studying the apparent activation energy of interfacial polarization calculated from the Arrhenius plot. This study can provide a theoretical basis for designing high-performance epoxy/liquid rubber composite insulating materials for industrial use.
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Zhang B, Lin S, Zhang J, Li X, Sun X. Facile Synthesis of Sandwich-Like rGO/CuS/Polypyrrole Nanoarchitectures for Efficient Electromagnetic Absorption. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E446. [PMID: 31963442 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, electromagnetic pollution management has gained much attention due to the various harmful effects on wildlife and human beings. Electromagnetic absorbers can convert energy from electromagnetic waves into thermal energy. Previous reports have demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide (rGO) makes progress in the electromagnetic absorption (EA) field. But the high value of permittivity of rGO always mismatches the impedance which results in more electromagnetic wave reflection on the surface. In this work, sandwich-like rGO/CuS/polypyrrole (PPy) nanoarchitectures have been synthesized by a facile two-step method. The experimental result has shown that a paraffin composite containing 10 wt.% of rGO/CuS/PPy could achieve an enhanced EA performance both in bandwidth and intensity. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of −49.11 dB can be reached. Furthermore, the effective bandwidth can cover 4.88 GHz. The result shows that the as-prepared rGO/CuS/PPy nanoarchitectures will be a promising EA material.
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Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Yang H, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Chen L. Controllable Core-Shell BaTiO 3@Carbon Nanoparticle-Enabled P(VDF-TrFE) Composites: A Cost-Effective Approach to High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:1567-1576. [PMID: 31814405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), as a promising solution to harvest mechanical energy from ambient environment, have attracted much attention over the past decade. Here, the core-shell structured BaTiO3@Carbon (BT@C) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simple surface-modifying method and then used to fabricate the efficient PENGs with poly[(vinylidene fluoride)-co-trifluoroethylene] (P(VDF-TrFE)). The carbon shell with the uniform thickness of 10-15 nm can increase the content of the polar β phase in P(VDF-TrFE) and significantly enhance the interfacial polarization between BT NPs and the polymer matrix during the poling process. Out of all compositions, the 15 wt % BT@C/P(VDF-TrFE) PENG exhibited the optimal piezoelectric performance with an output voltage of ∼17 V and a maximum power of 14.3 μW under bending-releasing mode. More importantly, the PENG can also efficiently harvest other types of mechanical energy from human activities and exhibits stable output after 1500 bending-releasing cycles. When the PENG was bent and beat by bicycle spokes, a peak voltage of 16 V was generated, which can light up 12 white LEDs directly and charge the commercial capacitors. Our research provides a new strategy to fabricate flexible and efficient PENGs from a nanoscale viewpoint; it can be hopefully applied in energy-harvesting systems and wearable electric sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , PR China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , PR China
| | - Yulu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , PR China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , PR China
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Xu N, Yang H. Dielectric Properties of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) Composites Filled with Surface-Coated TiO 2 Nanowires by SnO 2 Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010085. [PMID: 31947786 PMCID: PMC7023657 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites containing inorganic fillers embedded in polymer matrices have exhibited great potential applications in capacitors. Therefore, an effective method to improve the dielectric properties of polymer is to design novel fillers with a special microstructure. In this work, a combination of hydrothermal method and precipitation method was used to synthesize in situ SnO2 nanoparticles on the surface of one-dimensional TiO2 nanowires (TiO2 NWs), and the TiO2NWs@SnO2 fillers well-dispersed into the poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)] polymer. Hybrid structure TiO2NWs @SnO2 introduce extra interfaces, which enhance the interfacial polarization and the dielectric constant. Typically, at 10 vol.% low filling volume fraction, the composite with TiO2NWs @SnO2 shows a dielectric constant of 133.4 at 100 Hz, which is almost four times that of polymer. Besides, the TiO2 NWs prevents the direct contact of SnO2 with each other in the polymer matrix, so the composites still maintain good insulation performance. All the improved performance indicates these composites can be widely useful in electronic devices.
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Jia Y, Chowdhury MAR, Zhang D, Xu C. Wide-Band Tunable Microwave-Absorbing Ceramic Composites Made of Polymer-Derived SiOC Ceramic and in Situ Partially Surface-Oxidized Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:45862-45874. [PMID: 31726006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-absorbing materials in a high-temperature harsh environment are highly desired for electronics and aerospace applications. This study reports a novel high-temperature microwave-absorbing ceramic composites made of polymer-derived SiOC ceramic and in situ partially surface-oxidized ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) ZrB2 nanoparticles. The fabricated composites with a normalized weight fraction of ZrB2 nanoparticles at 40% has a significantly wide microwave absorption bandwidth of 13.5 GHz (26.5-40 GHz) covering the entire Ka-band. This is attributed to the extensive nanointerfaces introduced in the composites, attenuation induced by the interference of electromagnetic wave, attenuation from the formed current loops, and the electronic conduction loss provided by the partially surface-oxidized ZrB2 nanoparticles. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC) was -29.30 dB at 29.47 GHz for a thickness of 1.26 mm for the composites with a normalized weight fraction of ZrB2 nanoparticles at 32.5%. The direct current (dc) conductivity of the nanocomposites showed a clear percolation phenomenon as the normalized weight fraction of ZrB2 nanoparticles increases to 30.49%. The results provide new insights in designing microwave-absorbing materials with a wide absorption frequency range and strong absorption loss for high-temperature harsh environment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Jia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Md Atiqur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
- The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Research and Exploratory Development Department , 11100 Johns Hopkins Road , Laurel , Maryland 20723 , United States
| | - Chengying Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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Zhang X, Qiao J, Zhao J, Xu D, Wang F, Liu C, Jiang Y, Wu L, Cui P, Lv L, Wang Q, Liu W, Wang Z, Liu J. High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption of Cobalt-Decorated NH 2-UIO-66-Derived Porous ZrO 2/C. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:35959-35968. [PMID: 31525942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Broadband absorbers derived from metal-organic frameworks are highly desirable in the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption field. Herein, a strategy for cobalt-decorated porous ZrO2/C hybrid octahedrons by pyrolysis of Co(NO3)2-impregnated NH2-UIO-66 was developed. The hybridization of Co nanoparticles with ZrO2/C results in remarkable EM wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -57.2 dB at 15.8 GHz, corresponding to a matching thickness of 3.3 mm. The maximum effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ -10 dB) reaches 11.9 GHz (6.1-18 GHz), covering 74.4% of the whole measured bandwidth. The textural properties of nanocomposites have been thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The corresponding results show that the face-centered cubic-phased ∼50 nm Co nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the surface of porous ZrO2/C hybrid octahedrons. The excellent performance of Co/ZrO2/C can be ascribed to the strong interface polarization and the suitable impedance matching, originating from the synergistic effect among the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250353 , P. R. China
| | | | - Fenglong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | | | - Longfei Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | | | - Zhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
| | - Jiurong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250061 , P. R. China
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Yang H, Zhang Q. Enhanced Dielectric Performance of P(VDF-HFP) Composites with Satellite-Core-Structured Fe 2O 3@BaTiO 3 Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101541. [PMID: 31546597 PMCID: PMC6835555 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer dielectric materials are extensively used in electronic devices. To enhance the dielectric constant, ceramic fillers with high dielectric constant have been widely introduced into polymer matrices. However, to obtain high permittivity, a large added amount (>50 vol%) is usually needed. With the aim of improving dielectric properties with low filler content, satellite–core-structured Fe2O3@BaTiO3 (Fe2O3@BT) nanoparticles were fabricated as fillers for a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) matrix. The interfacial polarization effect is increased by Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and thus, composite permittivity is enhanced. Besides, the satellite–core structure prevents Fe2O3 particles from directly contacting each other, so that the dielectric loss remains relatively low. Typically, with 20 vol% Fe2O3@BT nanoparticle fillers, the permittivity of the composite is 31.7 (1 kHz), nearly 1.8 and 3.0 times that of 20 vol% BT composites and pure polymers, respectively. Nanocomposites also achieve high breakdown strength (>150 KV/mm) and low loss tangent (~0.05). Moreover, the composites exhibited excellent flexibility and maintained good dielectric properties after bending. These results demonstrate that composite films possess broad application prospects in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Cui L, Tian C, Tang L, Han X, Wang Y, Liu D, Xu P, Li C, Du Y. Space-Confined Synthesis of Core-Shell BaTiO 3@Carbon Microspheres as a High-Performance Binary Dielectric System for Microwave Absorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:31182-31190. [PMID: 31368297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Binary dielectric composites are viewed as a kind of promising candidate for conventional magnetic materials in the field of microwave absorption. Herein, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of core-shell BaTiO3@carbon microspheres through a space-confined strategy. The electromagnetic properties of BaTiO3@carbon microspheres can be easily tailored by manipulating the relative content of carbon shells. It is confirmed that dielectric loss of these composites mainly benefits from conductivity loss, dipole orientation polarization, and interfacial polarization, and the core-shell configuration shows its positive contribution to the reinforcement of interfacial polarization. When the content of carbon shells is optimized, the as-obtained composite will display excellent microwave-absorption performance due to decent attenuation and well-matched impedance. The strongest reflection loss can reach up to -88.5 dB at 6.9 GHz with the absorber thickness of 3.0 mm, and the qualified bandwidth below -10.0 dB covers 9.0-12.0 GHz, when the thickness is designated at 2.0 mm. Such a performance in the X band is superior to those of most typical binary dielectric systems. More importantly, these BaTiO3@carbon microspheres maintain good performance after being treated under high-temperature and acidic conditions for a long time, manifesting their promising prospect for practical application. It is believed that these results may be helpful for the development of multicomponent dielectric systems as high-performance microwave absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Cui
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Chunhua Tian
- School of Physical Science and Technology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , China
| | - Linlong Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
| | - Xijiang Han
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Yahui Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Dawei Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Ping Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Chaolong Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
| | - Yunchen Du
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
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Li X, Qu X, Xu Z, Dong W, Wang F, Guo W, Wang H, Du Y. Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Flower-like Heterogeneous Fe 3O 4/Fe Particles with Tunable Chemical Composition and Microwave Absorption Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:19267-19276. [PMID: 31067021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous Fe3O4 and Fe composites are highly desirable for microwave absorption application because of their complementary electromagnetic (EM) properties. With three-dimensional (3D) Fe2O3 as a sacrificing template, we realize the construction of Fe3O4/Fe composites with tunable chemical composition, and more importantly, these composites inherit the unique 3D microstructure from their precursor. The change in chemical composition produces significant impacts on the EM functions of these composites. On the one hand, dielectric loss can be improved greatly through positive interfacial polarization and reach the peak when the mass contents of Fe3O4 and Fe are 72.1 and 27.9 wt %, respectively. On the other hand, high Fe content slightly pulls down magnetic loss in the low-frequency range but favors strong magnetic loss in the high-frequency range because of the breakthrough of Snoek's limitation. The attenuation constant reveals that dielectric loss dominates overall consumption of incident EM waves. As a result, the optimized composite, F-350 (the reduction of Fe2O3 is conducted at 350 °C), shows the best microwave absorption performance, whose strongest reflection loss is -56.0 dB at 17.5 GHz and the effective bandwidth can cover the frequency range of 12.0-15.5 GHz with the thickness of 1.5 mm. Furthermore, an ultrawide effective bandwidth of 15.3 GHz can be achieved with the integrated thickness of 1.0-5.0 mm. Such a performance is superior to those of many reported Fe3O4/Fe composites, and a comparative analysis manifests that good microwave absorption of F-350 is also benefited from its unique 3D architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueai Li
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Xiangyan Qu
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Zhan Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , PR China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Wanchun Guo
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Yunchen Du
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , PR China
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Wang H, Meng F, Huang F, Jing C, Li Y, Wei W, Zhou Z. Interface Modulating CNTs@PANi Hybrids by Controlled Unzipping of the Walls of CNTs To Achieve Tunable High-Performance Microwave Absorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:12142-12153. [PMID: 30834737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Making full use of the interface modulation-induced interface polarization is an effective strategy to achieve excellent microwave absorption (MA). In this study, we develop an interfacial modulation strategy for achieving this goal in the commonly reported dielectric carbon nanotubes@polyaniline (CNTs@PANi) hybrid microwave absorber by optimizing the CNT nanocore structure. The heterogeneous interfaces from PANi and CNTs can be well regulated by longitudinal unzipping of the walls of CNTs to form 1D CNT- and 3D CNT-bridged graphene nanoribbons and 2D graphene nanoribbons. By controlling the oxidation peeling degree of CNTs, their interface area and defects are enhanced, thus producing more polarization centers to generate interfacial polarization and polarization relaxation, and also introducing more PANi loadings. Furthermore, more interface contact area can be produced between CNTs and PANi. This could induce a strong dielectric resonant and further improve the impedance matching, leading to significant enhancement of MA performance. With filler loading of only 10 wt % and a thinner coating thickness of 2.4 mm, the optimized CNTs@PANi exhibits excellent MA performance with the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of -45.7 dB at 12.0 GHz and the effective bandwidth is from 10.2 to 14.8 GHz. Meanwhile, the broadest effective bandwidth reaches 5.6 GHz, covering the range of 12.4-18.0 GHz with a thin thickness of 2.0 mm and its RLmin reaches -29.0 dB at 14.6 GHz. It is believed that the proposed interfacial modulation strategy can provide new opportunities for designing efficient MA absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | - Fanbin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | - Changfei Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
| | - Zuowan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , P. R. China
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Hayashi Y, Brun MA, Machida K, Lee S, Murata A, Omori S, Uchiyama H, Inoue Y, Kudo T, Toyofuku T, Nagasawa M, Uchimura I, Nakamura T, Muneta T. Simultaneous assessment of blood coagulation and hematocrit levels in dielectric blood coagulometry. Biorheology 2018; 54:25-35. [PMID: 28800301 PMCID: PMC5676769 DOI: 10.3233/bir-16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a whole blood coagulation test, the concentration of any in vitro diagnostic agent in plasma is dependent on the hematocrit level but its impact on the test result is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to clarify the effects of reagent concentration, particularly Ca2+, and to find a method for hematocrit estimation compatible with the coagulation test. METHODS Whole blood coagulation tests by dielectric blood coagulometry (DBCM) and rotational thromboelastometry were performed with various concentrations of Ca2+ or on samples with different hematocrit levels. DBCM data from a previous clinical study of patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were re-analyzed. RESULTS Clear Ca2+ concentration and hematocrit level dependences of the characteristic times of blood coagulation were observed. Rouleau formation made hematocrit estimation difficult in DBCM, but use of permittivity at around 3 MHz made it possible. The re-analyzed clinical data showed a good correlation between permittivity at 3 MHz and hematocrit level (R2=0.83). CONCLUSIONS Changes in the hematocrit level may affect whole blood coagulation tests. DBCM has the potential to overcome this effect with some automated correction using results from simultaneous evaluations of the hematocrit level and blood coagulability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Hayashi
- LE Development Department, R&D Division, Medical Business Unit, Imaging Products & Solutions Sector, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc-Aurèle Brun
- Life Science Department, Biomedical R&D Division, RDS Platform, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Machida
- LE Development Department, R&D Division, Medical Business Unit, Imaging Products & Solutions Sector, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seungmin Lee
- LE Development Department, R&D Division, Medical Business Unit, Imaging Products & Solutions Sector, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Murata
- LE Development Department, R&D Division, Medical Business Unit, Imaging Products & Solutions Sector, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Omori
- LE Development Department, R&D Division, Medical Business Unit, Imaging Products & Solutions Sector, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Surgical Specialities, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Inoue
- Department of Surgical Specialities, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kudo
- Department of Surgical Specialities, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyofuku
- Department of Surgical Specialities, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Uchimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun X, Lv X, Sui M, Weng X, Li X, Wang J. Decorating MOF-Derived Nanoporous Co/C in Chain-Like Polypyrrole (PPy) Aerogel: A Lightweight Material with Excellent Electromagnetic Absorption. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11050781. [PMID: 29751650 PMCID: PMC5978158 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To clear away the harmful effects of the increment of electromagnetic pollution, high performance absorbers with appropriate impedance matching and strong attenuation capacity are strongly desired. In this study, a chain-like PPy aerogel decorated with MOF-derived nanoporous Co/C (Co/C@PPy) has been successfully prepared by a self-assembled polymerization method. With a filler loading ratio of 10 wt %, the composite of Co/C@PPy could achieve a promising electromagnetic absorption performance both in intensity and bandwidth. An optimal reflection loss value of −44.76 dB is achieved, and the effective bandwidth (reflection loss lower than −10 dB) is as large as 6.56 GHz. Furthermore, a composite only loaded with 5 wt % Co/C@PPy also achieves an effective bandwidth of 5.20 GHz, which is even better than numerous reported electromagnetic absorption (EA) materials. The result reveals that the as-fabricated Co/C@PPy—with high absorption intensity, broad bandwidth, and light weight properties—can be utilized as a competitive absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China.
| | - Xuliang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China.
| | - Mingxu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China.
| | - Xiaodi Weng
- PLA Rocket Force Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an 710106, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Research Institute for National Defense Engineering of Academy of Military Science PLA China, Beijing 100036, China.
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Sun X, Ma G, Lv X, Sui M, Li H, Wu F, Wang J. Controllable Fabrication of Fe₃O₄/ZnO Core⁻Shell Nanocomposites and Their Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance in the 2⁻18 GHz Frequency Range. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E780. [PMID: 29751645 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe₃O₄/ZnO core⁻shell nanocomposites were synthesized through a chemical method of coating the magnetic core (Fe₃O₄) with ZnO by co-precipitation of Fe₃O₄ with zinc acetate in a basic medium of ammonium hydroxide. The phase structure, morphology and electromagnetic parameters of the Fe₃O₄/ZnO core⁻shell nanocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the concentration of the solvent was responsible for controlling the morphology of the composites, which further influenced their impedance matching and microwave absorption properties. Moreover, Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites exhibited an enhanced absorption capacity in comparison with the naked Fe₃O₄ nanospheres. Specifically, the minimum reflection loss value reached −50.79 dB at 4.38 GHz when the thickness was 4.5 mm. It is expected that the Fe₃O₄/ZnO core⁻shell structured nanocomposites could be a promising candidate as high-performance microwave absorbers.
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45
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Wang K, Chen Y, Tian R, Li H, Zhou Y, Duan H, Liu H. Porous Co-C Core-Shell Nanocomposites Derived from Co-MOF-74 with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:11333-11342. [PMID: 29533582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of carbon materials and ferrite materials has recently attracted increased interest in microwave absorption applications. Herein, a novel composite with cobalt cores encapsulated in a porous carbon shell was synthesized via a facile sintering process with a cobaltic metal-organic framework (Co-MOF-74) as the precursor. Because of the magnetic loss caused by the Co cores and dielectric loss caused by the carbon shell with a unique porous structure, together with the interfacial polarization between two components, the ferromagnetic composite exhibited enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance compared to traditional ferrite materials. With the thermal decomposition temperature of 800 °C, the optimal reflection loss value achieved -62.12 dB at 11.85 GHz with thin thickness (2.4 mm), and the bandwidth ranged from 4.1 to 18 GHz with more than 90% of the microwave that could be absorbed. The achieved performance illustrates that the as-prepared porous Co-C core-shell composite shows considerable potential as an effective microwave absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Wang T, Wang C, Xiao Y, Jing P, Cui Y, Pu Y. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Flexible Nanocomposite Films with Dopamine-Coated Giant Dielectric Ceramic Nanopowders, Ba(Fe 0.5Ta 0.5)O 3, for High Energy-Storage Density at Low Electric Field. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:29130-29139. [PMID: 28792204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (BFT/PVDF) flexible nanocomposite films are fabricated by tape casting using dopamine (DA)-modified BFT nanopowders and PVDF as a matrix polymer. After a surface modification of installing a DA layer with a thickness of 5 nm, the interfacial couple interaction between BFT and PVDF is enhanced, resulting in less hole defects at the interface. Then the dielectric constant (ε'), loss tangent (tan δ), and AC conductivity of nanocomposite films are reduced. Meanwhile, the value of the reduced dielectric constant (Δε') and the strength of interfacial polarization (k) are introduced to illustrate the effect of DA on the dielectric behavior of nanocomposite films. Δε' can be used to calculate the magnitude of interfacial polarization, and the strength of the dielectric constant contributed by the interface can be expressed as k. Most importantly, the energy-storage density and energy-storage efficiency of nanocomposite films with a small BFT@DA filler content of 1 vol % at a low electric field of 150 MV/m are enhanced by about 15% and 120%, respectively, after DA modification. The high energy-storage density of 1.81 J/cm3 is obtained in the sample. This value is much larger than the reported polymer-based nanocomposite films. In addition, the outstanding cycle and bending stability of the nanocomposite films make it a promising candidate for future flexible portable energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
| | - Yujia Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
| | - Yongfei Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
| | - Yongping Pu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , 710021 Xi'an, China
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Marx P, Wanner AJ, Zhang Z, Jin H, Tsekmes IA, Smit JJ, Kern W, Wiesbrock F. Effect of Interfacial Polarization and Water Absorption on the Dielectric Properties of Epoxy-Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E195. [PMID: 30970872 PMCID: PMC6431941 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Five types of nanofillers, namely, silica, surface-silylated silica, alumina, surface-silylated alumina, and boron nitride, were tested in this study. Nanocomposites composed of an epoxy/amine resin and one of the five types of nanoparticles were tested as dielectrics with a focus on (i) the surface functionalization of the nanoparticles and (ii) the water absorption by the materials. The dispersability of the nanoparticles in the resin correlated with the composition (OH content) of their surfaces. The interfacial polarization of the thoroughly dried samples was found to increase at lowered frequencies and increased temperatures. The β relaxation, unlike the interfacial polarization, was not significantly increased at elevated temperatures (below the glass-transition temperature). Upon the absorption of water under ambient conditions, the interfacial polarization increased significantly, and the insulating properties decreased or even deteriorated. This effect was most pronounced in the nanocomposite containing silica, and occurred as well in the nanocomposites containing silylated silica or non-functionalized alumina. The alternating current (AC) breakdown strength of all specimens was in the range of 30 to 35 kV·mm-1. In direct current (DC) breakdown tests, the epoxy resin exhibited the lowest strength of 110 kV·mm-1; the nanocomposite containing surface-silylated alumina had a strength of 170 kV·mm-1. In summary, water absorption had the most relevant impact on the dielectric properties of nanocomposites containing nanoparticles, the surfaces of which interacted with the water molecules. Nanocomposites containing silylated alumina particles or boron nitride showed the best dielectric properties in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Marx
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben (PCCL), Roseggerstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glöckel Straße 2, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Andrea J Wanner
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben (PCCL), Roseggerstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glöckel Straße 2, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Zucong Zhang
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben (PCCL), Roseggerstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Huifei Jin
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft CD2628, The Netherlands.
| | - Ioannis-Alexandros Tsekmes
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft CD2628, The Netherlands.
- Prysmian Cables and Systems B.V., Schieweg 9, Delft AN2627, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan J Smit
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft CD2628, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben (PCCL), Roseggerstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glöckel Straße 2, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben (PCCL), Roseggerstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
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48
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Liu P, Ng VMH, Yao Z, Zhou J, Lei Y, Yang Z, Lv H, Kong LB. Facile Synthesis and Hierarchical Assembly of Flowerlike NiO Structures with Enhanced Dielectric and Microwave Absorption Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:16404-16416. [PMID: 28459536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two novel flowerlike NiO hierarchical structures, rose-flower (S1) and silk-flower (S2), were synthesized by using a facial hydrothermal method, coupled with subsequent postannealing process. Structures, morphologies, and magnetic and electromagnetic properties of two NiO structures have been systematically investigated. SEM and TEM results suggested that S1 had a hierarchical rose-flower architecture with diameters in the range of 4-7 μm, whereas S2 exhibited a porous silk-flower architecture with diameters of 0.7-1.0 μm. Electromagnetic performances indicated that the NiO hierarchical structures played a crucial role in determining their dielectric behavior and impedance matching characteristic, which further influenced the microwave attenuation property of absorbers based on them. Due to its hierarchical and porous architectures, S2 had higher microwave absorption performances than S1. The maximum RL value for sample S2 can reach -65.1 dB at 13.9 GHz, while an efficient bandwidth of 3 GHz was obtained. In addition, the mechanism of the improved microwave absorption were discussed in detail. It is expected that our NiO hierarchical structures synthesized in this work could be used as a reference to design novel microwave absorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijiang Liu
- College of Materials and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Application Technology , Jiangsu 211100, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Vincent Ming Hong Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Application Technology , Jiangsu 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintang Zhou
- College of Materials and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Application Technology , Jiangsu 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lei
- College of Materials and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Application Technology , Jiangsu 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- College of Materials and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Lv
- College of Materials and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Bing Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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49
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Zhao B, Guo X, Zhao W, Deng J, Shao G, Fan B, Bai Z, Zhang R. Yolk-Shell Ni@SnO 2 Composites with a Designable Interspace To Improve the Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:28917-28925. [PMID: 27700044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, yolk-shell Ni@SnO2 composites with a designable interspace were successfully prepared by the simple acid etching hydrothermal method. The Ni@void@SnO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that interspaces exist between the Ni cores and SnO2 shells. Moreover, the void can be adjusted by controlling the hydrothermal reaction time. The unique yolk-shell Ni@void@SnO2 composites show outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption properties. A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -50.2 dB was obtained at 17.4 GHz with absorber thickness of 1.5 mm. In addition, considering the absorber thickness, minimal reflection loss, and effective bandwidth, a novel method to judge the effective microwave absorption properties is proposed. On the basis of this method, the best microwave absorption properties were obtained with a 1.7 mm thick absorber layer (RLmin= -29.7 dB, bandwidth of 4.8 GHz). The outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption properties stem from the unique yolk-shell structure. These yolk-shell structures can tune the dielectric properties of the Ni@air@SnO2 composite to achieve good impedance matching. Moreover, the designable interspace can induce interfacial polarization, multiple reflections, and microwave plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Aviation Materials and Application Technology, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Aviation Materials and Application Technology, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jiushuai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Gang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhongyi Bai
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Aviation Materials and Application Technology, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Aviation Materials and Application Technology, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics , Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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50
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Tsutsumi N, Kosugi R, Kinashi K, Sakai W. Nature of the Enhancement in Ferroelectric Properties by Gold Nanoparticles in Vinylidene Fluoride and Trifluoroethylene Copolymer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:16816-16822. [PMID: 27309153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric polymers are a candidate for versatile and cheap data storage memory devices, with easy processing for a large-scale device. Easy switching and large remanent polarization of preferentially formed β-crystal dipoles in a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) are promising properties for versatile memory devices. At higher frequency switching, however, the remanent polarization is reduced and a high coercive field, an electric field for polarization switching is required. The addition of a small amount of nanoparticles (NPs) significantly improves these ferroelectric properties in fluoropolymers. Here, we show that the addition of NPs of gold (Au), silver (Ag), and silicon oxide (SiO2) enhanced the ferroelectric properties in P(VDF-TrFE). AuNPs significantly affected a 40% increase of the remanent polarization, 14% reduction of the coercive field, and 100% increase of the switching speed of ferroelectric polarization. The nature of these enhancements due to the addition of NPs is verified. A higher shift of the binding energy of Au (4f7/2 and 4f5/2) and an increase of the fluorine ion (F(-)) was observed in AuNP-doped P(VDF-TrFE). Strong interactions between the AuNPs and the ferroelectric backbone gave rise to the formation of the interfacial polarization, which induced the local electric field to enhance the ferroelectric properties of the increment of the remanent polarization, the reduction of the coercive field, and faster switching speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Tsutsumi
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kosugi
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Kinashi
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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