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Gray SM, Moss AD, Herzog JW, Kashiwagi S, Liu B, Young JB, Sun S, Bhatt A, Fodor AA, Balfour Sartor R. Mouse Adaptation of Human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Microbiota Enhances Colonization Efficiency and Alters Microbiome Aggressiveness Depending on Recipient Colonic Inflammatory Environment. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.23.576862. [PMID: 38328082 PMCID: PMC10849574 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the cause vs consequence relationship of gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) requires a reproducible mouse model of human-microbiota-driven experimental colitis. Our study demonstrated that human fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) transfer efficiency is an underappreciated source of experimental variability in human microbiota associated (HMA) mice. Pooled human IBD patient fecal microbiota engrafted germ-free (GF) mice with low amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level transfer efficiency, resulting in high recipient-to-recipient variation of microbiota composition and colitis severity in HMA Il-10-/- mice. In contrast, mouse-to-mouse transfer of mouse-adapted human IBD patient microbiota transferred with high efficiency and low compositional variability resulting in highly consistent and reproducible colitis phenotypes in recipient Il-10-/- mice. Human-to-mouse FMT caused a population bottleneck with reassembly of microbiota composition that was host inflammatory environment specific. Mouse-adaptation in the inflamed Il-10-/- host reassembled a more aggressive microbiota that induced more severe colitis in serial transplant to Il-10-/- mice than the distinct microbiota reassembled in non-inflamed WT hosts. Our findings support a model of IBD pathogenesis in which host inflammation promotes aggressive resident bacteria, which further drives a feed-forward process of dysbiosis exacerbated gut inflammation. This model implies that effective management of IBD requires treating both the dysregulated host immune response and aggressive inflammation-driven microbiota. We propose that our mouse-adapted human microbiota model is an optimized, reproducible, and rigorous system to study human microbiome-driven disease phenotypes, which may be generalized to mouse models of other human microbiota-modulated diseases, including metabolic syndrome/obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Gray
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anh D. Moss
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Herzog
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saori Kashiwagi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline B. Young
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Aadra Bhatt
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Gnotobiotic Rodent Resource Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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de Melo BAG, Mundim MV, Lemes RMR, Cruz EM, Ribeiro TN, Santiago CF, da Fonsêca JHL, Benincasa JC, Stilhano RS, Mantovani N, Santana LC, Durães‐Carvalho R, Diaz RS, Janini LMR, Maricato JT, Porcionatto MA. 3D Bioprinted Neural-Like Tissue as a Platform to Study Neurotropism of Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200002. [PMID: 35521969 PMCID: PMC9347594 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of neuroinvasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) become clinically relevant due to the numerous neurological symptoms observed in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during infection and post-COVID syndrome or long COVID. This study reports the biofabrication of a 3D bioprinted neural-like tissue as a proof-of-concept platform for a more representative study of SARS-CoV-2 brain infection. Bioink is optimized regarding its biophysical properties and is mixed with murine neural cells to construct a 3D model of COVID-19 infection. Aiming to increase the specificity to murine cells, SARS-CoV-2 is mouse-adapted (MA-SARS-CoV-2) in vitro, in a protocol first reported here. MA-SARS-CoV-2 reveals mutations located at the Orf1a and Orf3a domains and is evolutionarily closer to the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain than SARS-CoV-2 used for adaptation. Remarkably, MA-SARS-CoV-2 shows high specificity to murine cells, which present distinct responses when cultured in 2D and 3D systems, regarding cell morphology, neuroinflammation, and virus titration. MA-SARS-CoV-2 represents a valuable tool in studies using animal models, and the 3D neural-like tissue serves as a powerful in vitro platform for modeling brain infection, contributing to the development of antivirals and new treatments for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna A. G. de Melo
- Department of BiochemistryEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Mayara V. Mundim
- Department of BiochemistryEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Robertha M. R. Lemes
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloDiadema09920‐540Brazil
| | - Elisa M. Cruz
- Department of BiochemistryEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Tais N. Ribeiro
- Department of BiochemistryEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Carolina F. Santiago
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and ParasitoloyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Jéssica H. L. da Fonsêca
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials EngineeringFaculdade de Engenharia MecânicaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasSP13083‐860Brazil
| | - Julia C. Benincasa
- Department of BiochemistryEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Roberta S. Stilhano
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculdade de Ciências MédicasSanta Casa de São PauloSão Paulo01221‐020Brazil
| | - Nathalia Mantovani
- Department of MedicineEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Santana
- Department of MedicineEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Ricardo Durães‐Carvalho
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and ParasitoloyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Diaz
- Department of MedicineEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Luiz M. R. Janini
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and ParasitoloyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Juliana T. Maricato
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and ParasitoloyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Marimelia A. Porcionatto
- Department of BiochemistryEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
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3
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Mittal N, Sengupta N, Malladi SK, Reddy P, Bhat M, Rajmani RS, Sedeyn K, Saelens X, Dutta S, Varadarajan R. Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Ectodomain Fusions. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091710. [PMID: 34578291 PMCID: PMC8473191 DOI: 10.3390/v13091710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In current seasonal influenza vaccines, neutralizing antibody titers directed against the hemagglutinin surface protein are the primary correlate of protection. These vaccines are, therefore, quantitated in terms of their hemagglutinin content. Adding other influenza surface proteins, such as neuraminidase and M2e, to current quadrivalent influenza vaccines would likely enhance vaccine efficacy. However, this would come with increased manufacturing complexity and cost. To address this issue, as a proof of principle, we have designed genetic fusions of hemagglutinin ectodomains from H3 and H1 influenza A subtypes. These recombinant H1-H3 hemagglutinin ectodomain fusions could be transiently expressed at high yield in mammalian cell culture using Expi293F suspension cells. Fusions were trimeric, and as stable in solution as their individual trimeric counterparts. Furthermore, the H1-H3 fusion constructs were antigenically intact based on their reactivity with a set of conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. H1-H3 hemagglutinin ectodomain fusion immunogens, when formulated with the MF59 equivalent adjuvant squalene-in-water emulsion (SWE), induced H1 and H3-specific humoral immune responses equivalent to those induced with an equimolar mixture of individually expressed H1 and H3 ectodomains. Mice immunized with these ectodomain fusions were protected against challenge with heterologous H1N1 (Bel/09) and H3N2 (X-31) mouse-adapted viruses with higher neutralizing antibody titers against the H1N1 virus. Use of such ectodomain-fused immunogens would reduce the number of components in a vaccine formulation and allow for the inclusion of other protective antigens to increase influenza vaccine efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cross Protection/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mittal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Nayanika Sengupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Sameer Kumar Malladi
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Poorvi Reddy
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (P.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Madhuraj Bhat
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (P.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (X.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (X.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-80-22932612; Fax: +91-80-23600535
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4
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Mrochen DM, Fernandes de Oliveira LM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7061. [PMID: 32992784 PMCID: PMC7582387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathobiont of humans as well as a multitude of animal species. The high prevalence of multi-resistant and more virulent strains of S. aureus necessitates the development of new prevention and treatment strategies for S. aureus infection. Major advances towards understanding the pathogenesis of S. aureus diseases have been made using conventional mouse models, i.e., by infecting naïve laboratory mice with human-adapted S.aureus strains. However, the failure to transfer certain results obtained in these murine systems to humans highlights the limitations of such models. Indeed, numerous S. aureus vaccine candidates showed promising results in conventional mouse models but failed to offer protection in human clinical trials. These limitations arise not only from the widely discussed physiological differences between mice and humans, but also from the lack of attention that is paid to the specific interactions of S. aureus with its respective host. For instance, animal-derived S. aureus lineages show a high degree of host tropism and carry a repertoire of host-specific virulence and immune evasion factors. Mouse-adapted S.aureus strains, humanized mice, and microbiome-optimized mice are promising approaches to overcome these limitations and could improve transferability of animal experiments to human trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Mrochen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Liliane M. Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Dina Raafat
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
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5
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Prokopyeva E, Kurskaya O, Sobolev I, Solomatina M, Murashkina T, Suvorova A, Alekseev A, Danilenko D, Komissarov A, Fadeev A, Ramsay E, Shestopalov A, Dygai A, Sharshov K. Experimental Infection Using Mouse-Adapted Influenza B Virus in a Mouse Model. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040470. [PMID: 32326238 PMCID: PMC7232149 DOI: 10.3390/v12040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, influenza B viruses (IBVs) contribute to annual illness, and infection can lead to serious respiratory disease among humans. More attention is needed in several areas, such as increasing virulence or pathogenicity of circulating B viruses and developing vaccines against current influenza. Since preclinical trials of anti-influenza drugs are mainly conducted in mice, we developed an appropriate infection model, using an antigenically-relevant IBV strain, for furtherance of anti-influenza drug testing and influenza vaccine protective efficacy analysis. A Victoria lineage (clade 1A) IBV was serially passaged 17 times in BALB/c mice, and adaptive amino acid substitutions were found in hemagglutinin (HA) (T214I) and neuraminidase (NA) (D432N). By electron microscopy, spherical and elliptical IBV forms were noted. Light microscopy showed that mouse-adapted IBVs caused influenza pneumonia on day 6 post inoculation. We evaluated the illness pathogenicity, viral load, and histopathological features of mouse-adapted IBVs and estimated anti-influenza drugs and vaccine efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Assessment of an investigational anti-influenza drug (oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate) and an influenza vaccine (Ultrix®, SPBNIIVS, Saint Petersburg, Russia) showed effectiveness against the mouse-adapted influenza B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prokopyeva
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
- Medical Department, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga Kurskaya
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Mariia Solomatina
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tatyana Murashkina
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Anastasia Suvorova
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Daria Danilenko
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (A.K.); (A.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Andrey Komissarov
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (A.K.); (A.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Artem Fadeev
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (A.K.); (A.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Edward Ramsay
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (A.K.); (A.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine Clinic, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Department of Development and Testing of Pharmacological Agents, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.K.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
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6
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Chan M, Leung A, Griffin BD, Vendramelli R, Tailor N, Tierney K, Audet J, Kobasa D. Generation and Characterization of a Mouse-Adapted Makona Variant of Ebola Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E987. [PMID: 31717793 PMCID: PMC6893688 DOI: 10.3390/v11110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a significant threat to public health, causing sporadic yet devastating outbreaks that have the potential to spread worldwide, as demonstrated during the 2013-2016 West African outbreak. Mouse models of infection are important tools for the development of therapeutics and vaccines. Exposure of immunocompetent mice to clinical isolates of EBOV is nonlethal; consequently, EBOV requires prior adaptation in mice to cause lethal disease. Until now, the only immunocompetent EBOV mouse model was based on the Mayinga variant, which was isolated in 1976. Here, we generated a novel mouse-adapted (MA)-EBOV based on the 2014 Makona isolate by inserting EBOV/Mayinga-MA mutations into the EBOV/Makona genome, followed by serial passaging of the rescued virus in suckling mice. The resulting EBOV/Makona-MA causes lethal disease in adult immunocompetent mice within 6 to 9 days and has a lethal dose (LD50) of 0.004 plaque forming units (PFU). Two additional mutations emerged after mouse-adaptation in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) and membrane-associated protein VP24. Using reverse genetics, we found the VP24 mutation to be critical for EBOV/Makona-MA virulence. EBOV/Makona-MA infected mice that presented with viremia, high viral burden in organs, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and lymphopenia. Our mouse model will help advance pre-clinical development of countermeasures against contemporary EBOV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mable Chan
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Anders Leung
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (A.L.); (B.D.G.); (R.V.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
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7
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Abstract
The mouse model for Ebola virus (EBOV) is an established and often used animal model for countermeasure development. Although it has its limitations, it recapitulates certain key features of human EBOV disease and principally shows uniform lethality. However, in the recent past, several studies reported surviving animals when evaluating treatment or vaccine approaches. Therefore, we analyzed the severity of disease and lethality of mouse-adapted (MA-) EBOV infection in 6 different mouse strains. We identified outbred CD-1 mice to be the only strain tested resulting in uniform lethality when infected with different doses of MA-EBOV or reverse genetics-generated MA-EBOV. In contrast, infection of different inbred mouse strains resulted in partial survival depending on virus and dose. Of these inbred strains, 129 mice provided the most consistent model. Our study provides a helpful dataset when planning EBOV mouse studies for countermeasure efficacy testing and highlights the limitations of certain mouse strains as EBOV models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
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Abstract
Marburg viruses (MARVs) cause highly lethal infections in humans and nonhuman primates. Mice are not generally susceptible to MARV infection; however, if the strain is first adapted to mice through serial passaging, it becomes able to cause disease in this animal. A previous study correlated changes accrued during mouse adaptation in the VP40 gene of a MARV strain known as Ravn virus (RAVV) with an increased capacity to inhibit interferon (IFN) signaling in mouse cell lines. The MARV strain Ci67, which belongs to a different phylogenetic clade than RAVV, has also been adapted to mice and in the process the Ci67 VP40 acquired a different collection of genetic changes than did RAVV VP40. Here, we demonstrate that the mouse-adapted Ci67 VP40 more potently antagonizes IFN-α/β-induced STAT1 and STAT2 tyrosine phosphorylation, gene expression, and antiviral activity in both mouse and human cell lines, compared with the parental Ci67 VP40. Ci67 VP40 is also demonstrated to target the activation of kinase Jak1. A single change at VP40 residue 79 was found to be sufficient for the increased VP40 IFN antagonism. These data argue that VP40 IFN-antagonist activity plays a key role in MARV pathogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Feagins
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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