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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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Mekjavic IB, Norheim AJ, Friedl KE. Human performance and medical treatment during cold weather operations - synthesis of a symposium. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2246666. [PMID: 37594504 PMCID: PMC10444010 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2246666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In October 2022, the Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) panel of the NATO Science and Technology Organization convened a review of progress in military biomedical research for cold weather operations. This paper represents a summary of the research presentations and future directions. The importance of realistic training was an overarching theme. Many reported studies took advantage of cold weather training exercises to monitor soldiers' health and performance; these are valuable data, using winter exercises as a platform to gain further knowledge regarding human performance in the cold and represent an excellent extension of controlled laboratory studies. Topics also included prevention of Cold Weather Injuries (CWI); effects of cold weather stressors on cognitive function; field treatment of freezing cold injuries (FCI); and new consideration to injury and trauma care in the cold. Future work programmes re-emphasise development of cold weather training and establishment of consensus diagnostic criteria and treatments for FCI and non-FCI. CWI prevention should take advantage of biomathematical models that predict risk of CWI and provide guidance regarding optimal clothing and equipment and move from group averages to personalised predictions. The publication of selected presentations from the symposium in this special issue increases attention to military cold weather research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Mekjavic
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SLOVENIA
| | - Arne Johan Norheim
- National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl E. Friedl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA
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3
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Tehrani FT, Roum JH. Non-invasive ventilation treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Healthc Technol Lett 2023; 10:80-86. [PMID: 37529410 PMCID: PMC10388227 DOI: 10.1049/htl2.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of millions of patients worldwide. Patients with advanced COPD may require non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to support the resultant deficiencies of the respiratory system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen supplementation components of NIV on simulated COPD patients by using an established and detailed model of the human respiratory system. The model used in the study simulates features of advanced COPD including the effects on the changes in ventilation control, increases in respiratory dead space and airway resistance, and the acid-base shifts in the blood seen in these patients over time. The results of the study have been compared with and found to be in general agreement with available clinical data. Our results demonstrate that under non-emergency conditions, low levels of oxygen supplementation combined with low levels of CPAP therapy seem to improve hypoxemia and hypercapnia in the model, whereas prolonged high-level CPAP and moderate-to-high levels of oxygen supplementation do not. The authors conclude that such modelling may be useful to help guide beneficial interventions for COPD patients using NIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur T. Tehrani
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCalifornia State University FullertonCaliforniaUSA
| | - James H. Roum
- School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Burrowes KS, Ruppage M, Lowry A, Zhao D. Sex matters: the frequently overlooked importance of considering sex in computational models. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1186646. [PMID: 37520817 PMCID: PMC10374267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1186646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalised medicine and the development of a virtual human or a digital twin comprises visions of the future of medicine. To realise these innovations, an understanding of the biology and physiology of all people are required if we wish to apply these technologies at a population level. Sex differences in health and biology is one aspect that has frequently been overlooked, with young white males being seen as the "average" human being. This has not been helped by the lack of inclusion of female cells and animals in biomedical research and preclinical studies or the historic exclusion, and still low in proportion, of women in clinical trials. However, there are many known differences in health between the sexes across all scales of biology which can manifest in differences in susceptibility to diseases, symptoms in a given disease, and outcomes to a given treatment. Neglecting these important differences in the development of any health technologies could lead to adverse outcomes for both males and females. Here we highlight just some of the sex differences in the cardio-respiratory systems with the goal of raising awareness that these differences exist. We discuss modelling studies that have considered sex differences and touch on how and when to create sex-specific models. Scientific studies should ensure sex differences are included right from the study planning phase and results reported using sex as a biological variable. Computational models must have sex-specific versions to ensure a movement towards personalised medicine is realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Burrowes
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M. Ruppage
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. Lowry
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D. Zhao
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nsugbe E, Reyes‐Lagos JJ, Adams D, Samuel OW. On the prediction of premature births in Hispanic labour patients using uterine contractions, heart beat signals and prediction machines. Healthc Technol Lett 2023; 10:11-22. [PMID: 37077881 PMCID: PMC10107387 DOI: 10.1049/htl2.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global epidemic affecting millions of mothers across different ethnicities. The cause of the condition remains unknown but has recognised health-based implications, in addition to financial and economic ones. Machine Learning methods have enabled researchers to combine datasets using uterine contraction signals with various forms of prediction machines to improve awareness of the likelihood of premature births. This work investigates the feasibility of enhancing these prediction methods using physiological signals including uterine contractions, and foetal and maternal heart rate signals, for a population of south American women in active labour. As part of this work, the use of the Linear Series Decomposition Learner (LSDL) was seen to lead to an improvement in the prediction accuracies of all models, which included supervised and unsupervised learning models. The results from the supervised learning models showed high prediction metrics upon the physiological signals being pre-processed by the LSDL for all variations of the physiological signals. The unsupervised learning models showed good metrics for the partitioning of Preterm/Term labour patients from their uterine contraction signals but produced a comparatively lower set of results for the various kinds of heart rate signals investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawn Adams
- School of ComputingUlster UniversityNewtownabbeyUK
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6
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Rapp ES, Pawar SR, Longoria RG. Hybrid Mock Circulatory Loop Simulation of Extreme Cardiac Events. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2883-2892. [PMID: 35254970 PMCID: PMC9466991 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3156963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents preliminary methods of incorporating the pathological conditions of cardiac arrhythmias and valvular stenosis in hybrid mock circulation loop (hMCL) operation for the enhanced verification and validation of mechanical circulatory support devices such as VADs. METHODS The MGH/MF Waveform datasets from PhysioNet database (including both nominal and clinically diagnosed arrhythmic ECG measurements) as well as cardiovascular system model updates are used to recreate arrhythmic events and valvular stenosis in vitro. RESULTS Preliminary results show the hMCL can recreate each tested cardiac event within 2% and 4% mean error for reference pressure tracking in the aortic and left ventricular pressure chambers, respectively. Further, frequency spectrum analysis comparisons using the magnitude-squared coherence analysis shows close alignment between measured arrhythmic and hMCL realized pressure frequency content. CONCLUSION The generation of cardiac arrhythmias and valvular stenosis around a VAD via both model and acute measurement based methods was achieved. SIGNIFICANCE Pathological conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and valvular stenosis are limited in documentation despite the large percentage of patients who experience these events. This paper provides a means to begin incorporating these events into hardware-in-the-loop mock circulatory systems for next generation VAD validation and verification.
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Munoz-Organero M. Deep Physiological Model for Blood Glucose Prediction in T1DM Patients. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E3896. [PMID: 32668724 PMCID: PMC7412558 DOI: 10.3390/s20143896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate estimations for the near future levels of blood glucose are crucial for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients in order to be able to react on time and avoid hypo and hyper-glycemic episodes. Accurate predictions for blood glucose are the base for control algorithms in glucose regulating systems such as the artificial pancreas. Numerous research studies have already been conducted in order to provide predictions for blood glucose levels with particularities in the input signals and underlying models used. These models can be categorized into two major families: those based on tuning glucose physiological-metabolic models and those based on learning glucose evolution patterns based on machine learning techniques. This paper reviews the state of the art in blood glucose predictions for T1DM patients and proposes, implements, validates and compares a new hybrid model that decomposes a deep machine learning model in order to mimic the metabolic behavior of physiological blood glucose methods. The differential equations for carbohydrate and insulin absorption in physiological models are modeled using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) implemented using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells. The results show Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values under 5 mg/dL for simulated patients and under 10 mg/dL for real patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Munoz-Organero
- Telematic Engineering Department and UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, 28911 Madrid, Spain
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Madorran E, Stožer A, Bevc S, Maver U. In vitro toxicity model: Upgrades to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:157-168. [PMID: 31621554 PMCID: PMC7202182 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides extensive data that indicate our need for drugs to maintain human population health. Despite the substantial availability of drugs on the market, many patients lack specific drugs. New drugs are required to tackle this issue. Moreover, we need more reliable models for testing drug toxicity, as too many drug approval failures occur with the current models. This article briefly describes various approaches of the currently used models for toxicity screening, to justify the selection of in vitro cell-based models. Cell-based toxicity models have the best potential to reliably predict drug toxicity in humans, as they are developed using the cells of the target organism. However, currently, a large gap exists between in vitro cell-based approach to toxicity testing and the clinical approach, which may be contributing to drug approval failures. We propose improvements to in vitro cell-based toxicity models, which is often an insight approach, to better match this approach with the clinical homeostatic approach. This should enable a more accurate comparison of data between the preclinical as well as clinical models and provide a more comprehensive understanding of human physiology and biological effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Madorran
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Demirkıran G, Kalaycı Demir G, Güzeliş C. Coupling of cell fate selection model enhances DNA damage response and may underlie BE phenomenon. IET Syst Biol 2020; 14:96-106. [PMID: 32196468 PMCID: PMC8687165 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2019.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break-induced (DSB) cells send signal that induces DSBs in neighbour cells, resulting in the interaction among cells sharing the same medium. Since p53 network gives oscillatory response to DSBs, such interaction among cells could be modelled as an excitatory coupling of p53 network oscillators. This study proposes a plausible coupling model of three-mode two-dimensional oscillators, which models the p53-mediated cell fate selection in globally coupled DSB-induced cells. The coupled model consists of ATM and Wip1 proteins as variables. The coupling mechanism is realised through ATM variable via a mean-field modelling the bystander signal in the intercellular medium. Investigation of the model reveals that the coupling generates more sensitive DNA damage response by affecting cell fate selection. Additionally, the authors search for the cause-effect relationship between coupled p53 network oscillators and bystander effect (BE) endpoints. For this, they search for the possible values of uncertain parameters that may replicate BE experiments' results. At certain parametric regions, there is a correlation between the outcomes of cell fate and endpoints of BE, suggesting that the intercellular coupling of p53 network may manifest itself as the form of observed BEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Demirkıran
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yaşar University, Selçuk Yaşar Kampüsü, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Güleser Kalaycı Demir
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Tınaztepe, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Güzeliş
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yaşar University, Selçuk Yaşar Kampüsü, İzmir, Turkey
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Xie S, Wang L, Zhang H, Liu H. Non-invasive reconstruction of dynamic myocardial transmembrane potential with graph-based total variation constraints. Healthc Technol Lett 2020; 6:181-186. [PMID: 32038854 PMCID: PMC6945684 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2019.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive reconstruction of electrophysiological activity in the heart is of great significance for clinical disease prevention and surgical treatment. The distribution of transmembrane potential (TMP) in three-dimensional myocardium can help us diagnose heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia and ectopic pacing. However, the problem of solving TMP is ill-posed, and appropriate constraints need to be added. The existing state-of-art method total variation minimisation only takes advantage of the local similarity in space, which has the problem of over-smoothing, and fails to take into account the relationship among frames in the dynamic TMP sequence. In this work, the authors introduce a novel regularisation method called graph-based total variation to make up for the above shortcomings. The graph structure takes the TMP value of a time sequence on each heart node as the criterion to establish the similarity relationship among the heart. Two sets of phantom experiments were set to verify the superiority of the proposed method over the traditional constraints: infarct scar reconstruction and activation wavefront reconstruction. In addition, experiments with ten real premature ventricular contractions patient data were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the authors’ method in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Wang
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Heye Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Gao C, Ji J, Yan F, Liu H. Oscillation induced by Hopf bifurcation in the p53-Mdm2 feedback module. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:251-259. [PMID: 31538959 PMCID: PMC8687385 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study develops an integrated model of the p53-Mdm2 interaction composed of five basic components and time delay in the DNA damage response based on the existing research work. Some critical factors, including time delay, system parameters, and their interactions in the p53-Mdm2 system are investigated to examine their effects on the oscillatory behaviour induced by Hopf bifurcation. It is shown that the positive feedback formed between p53 and the activity of Mdm2 in the cytoplasm can cause a slight decrease in the amplitude of the p53 oscillation. The length of the time delay plays an important role in determining the amplitude and period of the oscillation and can significantly extend the parameter range for the system to demonstrate oscillatory behaviour. The numerical simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the published experimental observation. It is expected that the results of this research would be helpful to better understand the biological functions of p53 pathway and provide some clues in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Gao
- Department of Mathematical, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchen Ji
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Mathematical, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Lee D, Jayaraman A, Sang-Il Kwon J. Identification of a time-varying intracellular signalling model through data clustering and parameter selection: application to NF-[inline-formula removed]B signalling pathway induced by LPS in the presence of BFA. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:169-179. [PMID: 31318334 PMCID: PMC8687386 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a model for a signalling pathway requires several iterations of experimentation and model refinement to obtain an accurate model. However, the implementation of such an approach to model a signalling pathway induced by a poorly-known stimulus can become labour intensive because only limited information on the pathway is available beforehand to formulate an initial model. Therefore, a large number of iterations are required since the initial model is likely to be erroneous. In this work, a numerical scheme is proposed to construct a time-varying model for a signalling pathway induced by a poorly-known stimulus when its nominal model is available in the literature. Here, the nominal model refers to one that describes the signalling dynamics under a well-characterised stimulus. First, global sensitivity analysis is implemented on the nominal model to identify the most important parameters, which are assumed to be piecewise constants. Second, measurement data are clustered to determine temporal subdomains where the parameters take different values. Finally, a least-squares problem is solved to estimate the parameter values in each temporal subdomain. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated by developing a time-varying model for NF-[inline-formula removed]B signalling dynamics induced by lipopolysaccharide in the presence of brefeldin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongheon Lee
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph Sang-Il Kwon
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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13
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Kosta P, Warren DJ, Lazzi G. Selective stimulation of rat sciatic nerve using an array of mm-size magnetic coils: a simulation study. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:70-75. [PMID: 31341631 PMCID: PMC6595541 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes and computationally investigate the use of magnetic neural stimulation as an alternative to electrical stimulation to achieve selective activation of rat sciatic nerve. In particular, they assess the effectiveness of an array of small coils to obtain selective neural stimulation, as compared to a single coil. Specifically, an array of four mm-sized coils is used to stimulate rat sciatic nerve, targeting the regions of fascicles that are associated with different muscles of the leg. To evaluate the selectivity of activation, a three-dimensional heterogeneous multi-resolution nerve model is implemented using the impedance method for the computation of the magnetic and electric fields in the nerve. The performance metric ‘selectivity index’ is defined that measures the recruitment of the targeted region compared to other non-targeted regions of the nerve. The selectivity index takes values between −1 (least selective) and 1 (most selective). For each targeted region, a selectivity index of 0.75 or better is predicted for the proposed array configuration. The results suggest that an array of coils can provide superior spatial control of the electric field induced in the neural tissue compared to traditional extraneural electrode arrays, thus opening the possibility to applications where selective neurostimulation is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Kosta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gianluca Lazzi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Yousif N, Vaizey CJ, Maeda Y. Mapping the current flow in sacral nerve stimulation using computational modelling. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:8-12. [PMID: 30881693 PMCID: PMC6407445 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an established treatment for faecal incontinence involving the implantation of a quadripolar electrode into a sacral foramen, through which an electrical stimulus is applied. Little is known about the induced spread of electric current around the SNS electrode and its effect on adjacent tissues, which limits optimisation of this treatment. The authors constructed a 3-dimensional imaging based finite element model in order to calculate and visualise the stimulation induced current and coupled this to biophysical models of nerve fibres. They investigated the impact of tissue inhomogeneity, electrode model choice and contact configuration and found a number of effects. (i) The presence of anatomical detail changes the estimate of stimulation effects in size and shape. (ii) The difference between the two models of electrodes is minimal for electrode contacts of the same length. (iii) Surprisingly, in this arrangement of electrode and neural fibre, monopolar and bipolar stimulation induce a similar effect. (iv) Interestingly when the active contact is larger, the volume of tissue activated reduces. This work establishes a protocol to better understand both therapeutic and adverse stimulation effects and in the future will enable patient-specific adjustments of stimulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Yousif
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | | | - Yasuko Maeda
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, HA1 3UJ, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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15
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Kozak A, Formanowicz D, Formanowicz P. Structural analysis of a Petri net model of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. IET Syst Biol 2018; 12:108-117. [PMID: 29745904 PMCID: PMC8687318 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex process of gathering sub-endothelial plaques decreasing lumen of the blood vessels. This disorder affects people of all ages, but its progression is asymptomatic for many years. It is regulated by many typical and atypical factors including the immune system response, a chronic kidney disease, a diet rich in lipids, a local inflammatory process and a local oxidative stress that is here one of the key factors. In this study, a Petri net model of atherosclerosis regulation is presented. This model includes also some information about stoichiometric relationships between its components and covers all mentioned factors. For the model, a structural analysis based on invariants was made and biological conclusions are presented. Since the model contains inhibitor arcs, a heuristic method for analysis of such cases is presented. This method can be used to extend the concept of feasible t-invariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kozak
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Formanowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Ramkissoon CM, Herrero P, Bondia J, Vehi J. Unannounced Meals in the Artificial Pancreas: Detection Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E884. [PMID: 29547553 DOI: 10.3390/s18030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The artificial pancreas (AP) system is designed to regulate blood glucose in subjects with type 1 diabetes using a continuous glucose monitor informed controller that adjusts insulin infusion via an insulin pump. However, current AP developments are mainly hybrid closed-loop systems that include feed-forward actions triggered by the announcement of meals or exercise. The first step to fully closing the loop in the AP requires removing meal announcement, which is currently the most effective way to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia due to the delay in insulin action. Here, a novel approach to meal detection in the AP is presented using a sliding window and computing the normalized cross-covariance between measured glucose and the forward difference of a disturbance term, estimated from an augmented minimal model using an Unscented Kalman Filter. Three different tunings were applied to the same meal detection algorithm: (1) a high sensitivity tuning, (2) a trade-off tuning that has a high amount of meals detected and a low amount of false positives (FP), and (3) a low FP tuning. For the three tunings sensitivities 99 ± 2%, 93 ± 5%, and 47 ± 12% were achieved, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was also performed and found that higher carbohydrate quantities and faster rates of glucose appearance result in favorable meal detection outcomes.
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17
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Demirkıran G, Kalaycı Demir G, Güzeliş C. Revealing determinants of two-phase dynamics of P53 network under gamma irradiation based on a reduced 2D relaxation oscillator model. IET Syst Biol 2018; 12:26-38. [PMID: 29337287 PMCID: PMC8687238 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a two-dimensional (2D) oscillator model of p53 network, which is derived via reducing the multidimensional two-phase dynamics model into a model of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Wip1 variables, and studies the impact of p53-regulators on cell fate decision. First, the authors identify a 6D core oscillator module, then reduce this module into a 2D oscillator model while preserving the qualitative behaviours. The introduced 2D model is shown to be an excitable relaxation oscillator. This oscillator provides a mechanism that leads diverse modes underpinning cell fate, each corresponding to a cell state. To investigate the effects of p53 inhibitors and the intrinsic time delay of Wip1 on the characteristics of oscillations, they introduce also a delay differential equation version of the 2D oscillator. They observe that the suppression of p53 inhibitors decreases the amplitudes of p53 oscillation, though the suppression increases the sustained level of p53. They identify Wip1 and P53DINP1 as possible targets for cancer therapies considering their impact on the oscillator, supported by biological findings. They model some mutations as critical changes of the phase space characteristics. Possible cancer therapeutic strategies are then proposed for preventing these mutations' effects using the phase space approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Demirkıran
- The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir 35160, Turkey.
| | - Güleser Kalaycı Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir 35160, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Güzeliş
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Yaşar University, Bornova, İzmir 35100, Turkey
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18
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Ugolini GS, Cruz-Moreira D, Visone R, Redaelli A, Rasponi M. Microfabricated Physiological Models for In Vitro Drug Screening Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:E233. [PMID: 30404405 PMCID: PMC6189704 DOI: 10.3390/mi7120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics and microfabrication have recently been established as promising tools for developing a new generation of in vitro cell culture microdevices. The reduced amounts of reagents employed within cell culture microdevices make them particularly appealing to drug screening processes. In addition, latest advancements in recreating physiologically relevant cell culture conditions within microfabricated devices encourage the idea of using such advanced biological models in improving the screening of drug candidates prior to in vivo testing. In this review, we discuss microfluidics-based models employed for chemical/drug screening and the strategies to mimic various physiological conditions: fine control of 3D extra-cellular matrix environment, physical and chemical cues provided to cells and organization of co-cultures. We also envision future directions for achieving multi-organ microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Stefano Ugolini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Gawthrop PJ, Crampin EJ. Modular bond-graph modelling and analysis of biomolecular systems. IET Syst Biol 2016; 10:187-201. [PMID: 27762233 PMCID: PMC8687434 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2015.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bond graphs can be used to build thermodynamically-compliant hierarchical models of biomolecular systems. As bond graphs have been widely used to model, analyse and synthesise engineering systems, this study suggests that they can play the same rôle in the modelling, analysis and synthesis of biomolecular systems. The particular structure of bond graphs arising from biomolecular systems is established and used to elucidate the relation between thermodynamically closed and open systems. Block diagram representations of the dynamics implied by these bond graphs are used to reveal implicit feedback structures and are linearised to allow the application of control-theoretical methods. Two concepts of modularity are examined: computational modularity where physical correctness is retained and behavioural modularity where module behaviour (such as ultrasensitivity) is retained. As well as providing computational modularity, bond graphs provide a natural formulation of behavioural modularity and reveal the sources of retroactivity. A bond graph approach to reducing retroactivity, and thus inter-module interaction, is shown to require a power supply such as that provided by the ATP ⇌ ADP + Pi reaction. The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is used as an illustrative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gawthrop
- Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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20
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Jia C, Qian M, Jiang D. Overshoot in biological systems modelled by Markov chains: a non-equilibrium dynamic phenomenon. IET Syst Biol 2014; 8:138-45. [PMID: 25075526 PMCID: PMC8687296 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2013.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of biological systems can be modelled by Markov chains. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about when biological systems modelled by Markov chains will perform a dynamic phenomenon called overshoot. In this study, the authors found that the steady-state behaviour of the system will have a great effect on the occurrence of overshoot. They showed that overshoot in general cannot occur in systems that will finally approach an equilibrium steady state. They further classified overshoot into two types, named as simple overshoot and oscillating overshoot. They showed that except for extreme cases, oscillating overshoot will occur if the system is far from equilibrium. All these results clearly show that overshoot is a non-equilibrium dynamic phenomenon with energy consumption. In addition, the main result in this study is validated with real experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Minping Qian
- LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Daquan Jiang
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wang KKH, Mitra S, Foster TH. Erratum: "A comprehensive mathematical model of microscopic dose deposition in photodynamic therapy" [Med. Phys. 34, 282-293 (2007)]. Med Phys 2008; 35:4278-4280. [PMID: 28525048 DOI: 10.1118/1.2959704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Soumya Mitra
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Thomas H Foster
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 648, Rochester, New York 14642
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