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Iwundu CN. Impact of COVID-19 on individuals experiencing homelessness: Lessons learned and recommendations for practitioners. Glob Health Promot 2024:17579759241232395. [PMID: 38459655 DOI: 10.1177/17579759241232395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which brought about unprecedented changes globally, shed light on the significant disparities faced by persons experiencing homelessness (PEH). These individuals faced an elevated risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to factors such as lack of safe housing, limited access to hygiene and sanitation, and communal living situations. The unique challenges, vulnerabilities, and effects of COVID-19 on PEH is discussed, as well as lessons learned from these experiences, recommendations for practitioners, and the ongoing implications for addressing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisom N Iwundu
- University of North Texas, Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, Denton, TX, USA
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2
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FDI World Dental Federation. Mental health and well-being for oral health professionals and dental students. Int Dent J 2024; 74:159-60. [PMID: 38218596 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
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Abdul Rahman IN, Khamis MF, Mohd Rokemi N. Assessing the Recordkeeping Quality at the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Cureus 2024; 16:e55087. [PMID: 38558581 PMCID: PMC10978150 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental records are an essential part of dental practice. The quality of dental recordkeeping is paramount in ensuring the delivery of high-quality dental care and is also important for medico-legal reasons. Should there be any dispute or need for review, detailed and well-maintained records can provide evidence of the care provided and the decision-making process. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the quality of dental recordkeeping and dental charting practice at the dental clinic School of Dental Sciences. METHODS The study was conducted in a retrospective manner reviewing dental records of patients treated by specialists, dental officers, and postgraduate and undergraduate students at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a five-year period. Eight key components of clinical dental records i.e. date of charting, legibility on the odontogram, no blank on the odontogram, whether any mistakes have been strikethrough and initials, medical history, dental history, investigation, and treatment plan were assessed. A modified CRABEL scoring system was used to assess the quality of data retrieved from dental records. RESULTS The study involved the analysis of 324 case files. Among these, 90 files obtained scores ranging from 60% to 80%, with 7.7% attributed to undergraduates, 9.6% to dental officers, 6.8% to postgraduates, and 3.7% to specialists. The remaining 234 files achieved scores between 80% and 100%, with a breakdown of 17% from undergraduates, 15.4% from dental officers, 18.2% from postgraduates, and 21.3% from specialists. CONCLUSION Even though the overall quality of recordkeeping in this study is good, with most records achieving a CRABEL score of 80% and above, it's important to acknowledge that ideally, each component assessed should achieve a perfect score of 100%, as it will reflect the practitioners's work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Fadhli Khamis
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS
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Al-hamaden RA, Abed A, Khader HA, Hasoun L, Al-Dulaimi AH, Alsayed AR. Knowledge and Practice of Healthcare Professionals in the Medical Care of Asthma Adult Patients in Jordan with a Particular Reference to Adherence to GINA Recommendations. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:391-404. [PMID: 38292919 PMCID: PMC10826525 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s433149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate Jordanian healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills, and experience in dealing with and treating adult asthmatic patients and assess healthcare professionals' compliance with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline recommendations for asthma treatment and management in Jordan. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jordan between May and June 2023. This study included physicians, pharmacists, and nurses working in clinical settings and directly interacting with asthma patients in Jordan's private and governmental healthcare facilities who were eligible to participate in this research. Three primary sections of an online survey were constructed using Google Forms and included demographic data, a diagnosis and management of the illness, and a list of worldwide medical references for asthma. Results A total of 300 healthcare professionals, including pharmacists (103), nurses (87), Doctor of Pharmacy (28), and physicians (82), took part in this research. The survey respondents' general knowledge of the nature and symptoms of asthma is quite high, exceeding 84% and 86%, respectively. The survey also showed a high degree of awareness of asthma diagnosis. It was also revealed that around one-quarter of participants consistently reported the severity of asthma. The most frequent factor influencing the decision to take controller or maintenance medicines is symptom severity (reported from 86% of participants). The GINA guidelines were selected as the asthma information source by almost half of the participants. Finally, 47% of participants were aware of the GINA's 2019 adjustments of the recommendations. Conclusion This study showed that Jordanian healthcare professionals understand the nature, symptoms, and diagnoses of asthma disease. However, many of the survey participants lack adherence, awareness, and understanding of the GINA recommendations about asthma management. More research is required to assess the adherence to the evidence-based recommendations and evaluate the impact of training courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ahmad Al-hamaden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anas Abed
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Heba A Khader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Luai Hasoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad R Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Seery R, Wells D. An Exploratory Study into the Backgrounds and Perspectives of Equine-Assisted Service Practitioners. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:347. [PMID: 38275806 PMCID: PMC10812823 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine-Assisted Services (EASs) are commonplace in today's society, but vary widely in both theoretical and practical applications. Until now, practitioners' experiences and perspectives in relation to these services have received little attention. To address this, a purpose-designed online questionnaire was distributed to EAS practitioners, exploring issues relating to the nature of the service provided, practice patterns, practitioner education, perceived knowledge, challenges faced and the future direction of these services. An analysis revealed a significant association between practitioners' backgrounds and the nature of the service offered, as well as perceived knowledge. Median EAS training received to first practice was 20 days of block release over a year; however, nearly half of the sample (42.4%) reported less training than this. Equine-specific training was more limited, with 41.5% of practitioners having no horse-relevant qualifications. The most important challenges reported by practitioners involved client and equine welfare, financial sustainability and raising awareness of EAS. This research highlights the diverse nature of EAS and also raises important challenges and possible opportunities for development. Findings suggest that more progress is needed to professionalise and legitimise the area to support and help practitioners provide the best service for all concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Seery
- Animal Behaviour Centre, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
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Li B, Huang Y, Li Z. Estimation of left ventricular functions in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1279570. [PMID: 38174339 PMCID: PMC10763245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1279570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) compared to healthy individuals and to provide clinical hints for practitioners. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched in this meta-analysis. Studies evaluating LV function in ScH patients were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as effect size. Heterogeneity and risks of bias of included studies were assessed. Results A total of 9 studies were identified as eligible. The SMD for fractional shortening (FS, %) was -0.21 (95% CI: -0.60, 0.17; z = -1.08, p = 0.2788). The pooled SMD for systemic vascular resistance (SVR, dynes/sec·cm-5) was -0.41 (95% CI: -1.31, 0.49; z = -0.89, p = 0.3744). The pooled SMD for early diastolic mitral flow velocity/late diastolic mitral flow velocity (E/A) ratio was -0.74 (95% CI: -1.09, -0.39; z = -4.13, p < 0.001). The pooled SMD for ejection fraction (EF, %) was -0.35 (95% CI: -0.59, -0.12; z = -2.95, p = 0.0032). Conclusion ScH patients had significantly worse LV function parameters than healthy controls. These changes in LV function may be involved in the management of ScH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyi Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China
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Evans N, Miklosik A, Du JT. University-industry collaboration as a driver of digital transformation: Types, benefits and enablers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21017. [PMID: 37867890 PMCID: PMC10587529 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
University-Industry collaboration as a driver of digital transformation ultimately depends on the engagement and relationship between individual academics and industry practitioners as partners in a trust relationship. This paper describes the personal ('lived') experiences of academics and industry practitioners. The types, benefits, and enablers of the collaboration were investigated during semi-structured face-to-face interviews with industry partners and academic staff from the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) unit at the University of Enterprise in Australia. The types of collaboration included research activities, sharing facilities and equipment, innovation and commercialisation, collaboration involving students projects, collaborative teaching and learning, and sharing facilities and equipment. The benefits of the collaboration include access to valuable resources, validation of work, learning and teaching opportunities, financial benefits, improved reputation and career progression. The enablers of collaboration have been clustered into institutional, output, framework, and relationship factors. In this paper we focus on relationship factors and institutional enablers such as stakeholder engagement. The research is represented in a UA-IP Collaboration Model indicating the types (what), benefits (why), and enablers (how) of academic-practitioner collaboration. Universities and businesses from a variety of industries can benefit from the results of the presented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Evans
- UniSA: STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrej Miklosik
- Marketing Department, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jia Tina Du
- UniSA: STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lim ELP, Ong RHS, Thor J, Allgurin M, Gäre BA, Thumboo J. An Evaluation of the Relationship between Training of Health Practitioners in a Person-Centred Care Model and their Person-Centred Attitudes. Int J Integr Care 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 38020415 PMCID: PMC10668878 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Esther Network (EN) person-centred care (PCC) advocacy training aims to promote person-centred attitudes among health practitioners in Singapore. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the training and practitioners' PCC attributes over a 3-month period, and to explore power sharing by examining the PCC dimensions of "caring about the service user as a whole person" and the "sharing of power, control and information". Methods A repeated-measure study design utilising the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), was administered to 437 training participants at three time points - before training (T1), immediately after (T2) and three months after training (T3). A five-statement questionnaire captured knowledge of person-centred care at T1 and T2. An Overall score, Caring and Sharing sub-scores were derived from the PPOS. Scores were ranked and divided into three groups (high, medium and low). Ordinal Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) model analysed changes in PPOS scores over time. Results A single, short-term training appeared to result in measurable improvements in person-centredness of health practitioners, with slight attenuation at T3. There was greater tendency to "care" than to "share power" with service users across all three time points, but the degree of improvement was larger for sharing after training. The change in overall person-centred scores varied by sex and profession (females score higher than males, allied health showed a smaller attenuation at T3). Conclusion Training as a specific intervention, appeared to have potential to increase health practitioners' person-centredness but the aspect of equalising power was harder to achieve within a hierarchical structure and clinician-centric culture. An ongoing network to build relationships, and a supportive system to facilitate individual and organisational reflexivity can reinforce learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Li Ping Lim
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Allied Health Division, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Centre for Person-centred Care, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
- Population Health and Integrated Care Office, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Johan Thor
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Monika Allgurin
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Boel Andersson Gäre
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Julian Thumboo
- SingHealth Office of Regional Health, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
- SingHealth Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Badu N, Usher K, Rice K, Schutte N, Islam MS. An exploration of the concept of mental health recovery: Insights from practitioners and trainees. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1176-1184. [PMID: 36786372 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231152752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery concepts were conceived by, and for, people living with mental health issues. Practitioners are key in translating recovery principles into action. Therefore, practitioners' perceptions should be routinely assessed to facilitate in-service training, professional development, and curriculum redesign. AIM To explore practitioners' and trainees' current perspectives regarding the concept of recovery. METHODS The study used a qualitative exploratory design with in-depth interviews to explore ten fully trained practitioners and eight trainees' perspectives on recovery. RESULTS The findings revealed a shared understanding of recovery among practitioners and trainees. Many responses explained recovery as a process involving internal and external conditions, however, some revealed medically oriented perspectives and/or were unclear about recovery terminologies. CONCLUSIONS There is convergence and growing acceptance of the recovery practice principles among practitioners and trainees. However, the results suggest that the recovery principles/terminologies have not yet been universally adopted. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH Continuous training on recovery principles is needed, incorporating emerging terminologies and principles. Also, education providers are encouraged to continue to review their training to incorporate emerging issues and trends in recovery-oriented practice. Finally, research is needed to enhance the development and delivery of recovery-focused practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Badu
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia
| | - Kim Usher
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia
| | - Kylie Rice
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia
| | - Nicola Schutte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia
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Bates KE, Williams AY, Gilligan‐Lee KA, Gripton C, Lancaster A, Williams H, Borthwick A, Gifford S, Farran EK. Practitioners' perspectives on spatial reasoning in educational practice from birth to 7 years. Br J Educ Psychol 2023; 93:571-590. [PMID: 36806150 PMCID: PMC10952197 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing evidence base for the importance of spatial reasoning for the development of mathematics. However, the extent to which this translates into practice is unknown. AIMS We aimed to understand practitioners' perspectives on their understanding of spatial reasoning, the extent to which they recognize and implement spatial activities in their practice, and the barriers and opportunities to support spatial reasoning in the practice setting. SAMPLE Study 1 (questionnaire) included 94 participants and Study 2 (focus groups) consisted of nine participants. Participants were educational practitioners working with children from birth to 7 years. METHODS The study was mixed methods and included a questionnaire (Study 1) and a series of focus groups (Study 2). RESULTS We found that whilst practitioners engage in a variety of activities that support spatial reasoning, most practitioners reported little confidence in their understanding of what spatial reasoning is. CONCLUSION Informative and accessible resources are needed to broaden understanding of the definition of spatial reasoning and to outline opportunities to support spatial reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Bates
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and NeuroscienceKings College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Katie A. Gilligan‐Lee
- Centre for Educational NeuroscienceUniversity of LondonLondonUK
- School of PsychologyUnivesity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sue Gifford
- School of EducationUniversity of RoehamptonRoehamptonUK
| | - Emily K. Farran
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
- Centre for Educational NeuroscienceUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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Zammit C, Creagh N, Nightingale C, McDermott T, Saville M, Brotherton J, Kelaher M. 'I'm a bit of a champion for it actually': qualitative insights into practitioner-supported self-collection cervical screening among early adopting Victorian practitioners in Australia. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2023; 24:e31. [PMID: 37185205 PMCID: PMC10156465 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423623000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-collection for cervical screening has been available in the Australian National Cervical Screening Program since 2017 and is now available to all people as an option for cervical screening through a practitioner-supported model. Documenting early adopting practitioner experiences with self-collection as a mechanism to engage people in cervical screening is crucial to informing its continuing roll-out and implementation in other health systems. AIM This study aimed to describe the experiences of practitioners in Victoria, Australia, who used human papillomavirus (HPV)-based self-collection cervical screening during the first 17 months of its availability. METHODS Interviews (n = 18) with practitioners from Victoria, who offered self-collection to their patients between December 2017 and April 2019, analysed using template analysis. FINDINGS Practitioners were overwhelmingly supportive of self-collection cervical screening because it was acceptable to their patients and addressed patients' barriers to screening. Practitioners perceived that knowledge and awareness of self-collection were variable among the primary care workforce, with some viewing self-collection to be inferior to clinician-collected screening. Practitioners championed self-collection at an individual level, with the extent of practice-level implementation depending on resourcing. Concerns regarding supporting the follow-up of self-collected HPV positive patients were noted. Other practical barriers included gaining timely, accurate screening histories from the National Cancer Screening Register to assess eligibility. Practitioners' role surrounded facilitating the choice between screening tests through a patient-centred approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Zammit
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4 207 Bouverie Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia
| | - Nicola Creagh
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4 207 Bouverie Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia
| | - Claire Nightingale
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4 207 Bouverie Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia
| | - Tracey McDermott
- Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, 265 Faraday Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia (formally known as VCS Foundation)
| | - Marion Saville
- Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, 265 Faraday Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia (formally known as VCS Foundation)
| | - Julia Brotherton
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4 207 Bouverie Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia
| | - Margaret Kelaher
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4 207 Bouverie Street Carlton, Melbourne, VIC3053, Australia
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Greene LM, Hegarty J, O'Connell R, Connaughton B, Coveney K, Hardie P, Horton S, Szafranska M, Murphy M. Instruments measuring practitioner performance of the complete examination and screening of neonates: A systematic review. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:613-624. [PMID: 37010086 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The complete examination and screening of the neonate is a recommended assessment of neonatal well-being conducted by appropriately trained medical, midwifery and nursing personnel at specific intervals during the first 6-week post-birth. Our aim was to identify and critically evaluate instruments that measure practitioner performance of this important assessment of neonatal health. METHODS Using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology, a systematic review was undertaken. RESULTS Four studies were identified as suitable for data extraction and analysis. This paper briefly describes the four instruments, discusses and compares the COSMIN analysis and ratings of each instrument. A recommendation for the instrument identified as the most suitable to measure practitioner performance is provided. CONCLUSION Most instruments were designed by educators to measure the performance of practitioners developing competence in the complete examination and screening of the neonate. Further development and piloting of instruments designed to measure the performance and continuing competence of qualified practitioners of the newborn examination are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz M Greene
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rhona O'Connell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Breda Connaughton
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kate Coveney
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Philip Hardie
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sally Horton
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marcelina Szafranska
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Margaret Murphy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Vreugdenhil J, Somra S, Ket H, Custers EJFM, Reinders ME, Dobber J, Kusurkar RA. Reasoning like a doctor or like a nurse? A systematic integrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1017783. [PMID: 36936242 PMCID: PMC10020202 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1017783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When physicians and nurses are looking at the same patient, they may not see the same picture. If assuming that the clinical reasoning of both professions is alike and ignoring possible differences, aspects essential for care can be overlooked. Understanding the multifaceted concept of clinical reasoning of both professions may provide insight into the nature and purpose of their practices and benefit patient care, education and research. We aimed to identify, compare and contrast the documented features of clinical reasoning of physicians and nurses through the lens of layered analysis and to conduct a simultaneous concept analysis. The protocol of this systematic integrative review was published doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049862. A comprehensive search was performed in four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Psychinfo, and Web of Science) from 30th March 2020 to 27th May 2020. A total of 69 Empirical and theoretical journal articles about clinical reasoning of practitioners were included: 27 nursing, 37 medical, and five combining both perspectives. Two reviewers screened the identified papers for eligibility and assessed the quality of the methodologically diverse articles. We used an onion model, based on three layers: Philosophy, Principles, and Techniques to extract and organize the data. Commonalities and differences were identified on professional paradigms, theories, intentions, content, antecedents, attributes, outcomes, and contextual factors. The detected philosophical differences were located on a care-cure and subjective-objective continuum. We observed four principle contrasts: a broad or narrow focus, consideration of the patient as such or of the patient and his relatives, hypotheses to explain or to understand, and argumentation based on causality or association. In the technical layer a difference in the professional concepts of diagnosis and the degree of patient involvement in the reasoning process were perceived. Clinical reasoning can be analysed by breaking it down into layers, and the onion model resulted in detailed features. Subsequently insight was obtained in the differences between nursing and medical reasoning. The origin of these differences is in the philosophical layer (professional paradigms, intentions). This review can be used as a first step toward gaining a better understanding and collaboration in patient care, education and research across the nursing and medical professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jettie Vreugdenhil
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VUmc Amstel Academie, Institute for Education and Training, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Ket
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel E. Reinders
- Family Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jos Dobber
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam School of Nursing, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rashmi A. Kusurkar
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Khasakhala E, Bota K, Ayaga G, Sichari M, Wesonga B, Kokonya D. Comorbidity of mental health and autism spectrum disorder: perception of practitioners in management of their challenging behaviour. Int J Dev Disabil 2023; 69:386-397. [PMID: 37213594 PMCID: PMC10197977 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2023.2203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between mental health problems, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and challenging behaviour among children and adolescents is complex and multifaceted. The study investigated practitioners' perception of comorbidity of mental health and ASD in the management of challenging behaviours among children and adolescents in Kenya. Target population was 3490 practitioners. Sample size was 1047, comprising of 38 assessment staff, 27 mental health workers 548 regular teachers, 294 teachers from special schools, and 140 teachers from special units for children with ASD. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used. Interviews and structured questionnaires were used. Test-retest yielded a coefficient of 0.78 while Cronbachs' reliability coefficient was 0.830. There was a positive significant correlation between perception of challenging behaviours and mental health problems (r = .415, p = .000). Challenging behaviour perceptions have a negative significant effect on behaviour management strategies, (β = -0.163, p = .000) implying that the choice of management strategies is dependent on the perceptions. Challenging behaviours accounts for 2.7% variance in the choice of the management strategies, R2 = .027, F(1,1045) = 28.471, p = .000.The practitioners' perception of mental health and comorbid ASD, showed that children with ASD, when enduring life stressors, can be at a higher risk of mental health difficulties than their peers There is need for multidisciplinary synergy in developing effective challenging behaviour programmes for children and adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Khasakhala
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Bota
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
- Correspondence to: Kennedy Bota, Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya.
| | - Godfrey Ayaga
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Manson Sichari
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Benard Wesonga
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Donald Kokonya
- Department of Psychiatry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
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15
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Sim F, Wright J, Ferguson K. Creating a robust multidisciplinary public health workforce - almost there? J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:i40-i48. [PMID: 36465048 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
From 1972 to 2001, membership of the Faculty of Public Health (FPH) was only open to medical practitioners with recognised specialist experience or training in public health. In 2001, the Faculty became multidisciplinary at the specialist level, a rare achievement in a medical specialty in the UK. 1 Specialists from backgrounds other than medicine were accepted as Members and Fellows of the Faculty provided they met the required standards. They were eligible for Consultant and Director of Public Health (DPH) posts, initially in England and Wales. A multidisciplinary higher specialist training scheme was established and, over time, rolled out systematically across the UK. These changes later led to limited developments for public health practitioners filling roles distinct from those in the specialist workforce. Reviewing this history reminds current and future generations of the struggles to reach the unique model we have today. The article teases out the key factors leading to the changes, summarises the somewhat bumpy journey over five decades and, in the shadow of the pandemic, reflects on the contemporary situation for the UK's public health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Sim
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Jenny Wright
- Retired NHS Public Health Specialist, Oxford, UK
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16
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Thomas M, Klemm C, Hutchins B, Kaufman S. Unpacking the Realities and Complexities of Sensemaking: Government Practitioners' Experiences of Emergency Risk Communication. Risk Anal 2022; 42:2536-2549. [PMID: 34569091 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During public health emergencies, government practitioners must rapidly make sense of the risk to human health and the emergency risk communication (ERC) options available. These practitioners determine what, how, and when information is communicated to the public. Recurring criticism of ERC indicates that the communication is not meeting the needs of the community. To improve ERC practice, it is therefore critical to understand practitioners' sensemaking in these complex and time-critical settings. This article unpacks the realities and complexities of sensemaking, the process by which practitioners create meaning from the information they receive about an emergency as it unfolds. Qualitative interviews gathered practitioners' lived experiences of public health emergencies, namely, smoke events (e.g., wildfires and industrial facility fires), and thematic analysis drew on sensemaking literature. The evidence shows that sensemaking is challenging, as practitioners experience pressure from the emergency context and organizational, political, and social expectations. Sensemaking for ERC comes with an underlying imperative to accurately make sense of the situation, in a timely manner and in a way that leads to the best health outcomes. Practitioners must balance creating plausible meaning (sensemaking) with the accuracy expected by stakeholders. The analysis also highlights how sensemaking scope is delimited by professional expert identities and roles within the emergency management system; that is, practitioners' understanding of their expertise and role, and that of other practitioners. Past lived experiences are viewed as key facilitators of both individual and collective sensemaking, and the history of similar public health events shapes sensemaking in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Thomas
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Celine Klemm
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brett Hutchins
- School of Media, Film & Journalism, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Kaufman
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Heward-Belle S, Lovell RC, Jones J, Tucker H, Melander N. Practice in a Time of Uncertainty: Practitioner Reflections on Working With Families Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. Affilia 2022; 37:605-623. [PMID: 36338788 PMCID: PMC9510586 DOI: 10.1177/08861099211055519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports findings of a qualitative study examining the perceptions of 21 Australian women professionals who conduct home visiting with families experiencing intimate partner violence. There is scant evidence documenting how home visiting professionals adapted practice to address the safety concerns of women and their children within the context of the pandemic. Practitioners noted an increase in the risk level and complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV), including the ways that perpetrators weaponized the pandemic to exert power and control over women and children. Practitioners reported on their rapid adaptation of practices, to ensure the continuation of services which included moving to online delivery methods, wearing PPE, and negotiating practice from a distance. While responses to these changes were mixed, most reported their desire to continue to use online platforms post-pandemic, reporting increased safety, flexibility, and accessibility for the majority of clients. This research addresses a gap in respect of professionals' perceptions of the issues facing survivors of IPV and of their professional practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. As policies, practices, and protocols continue to adapt to the challenging environment posed by the pandemic the experiences of professionals and service users are critical to inform these changes.
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18
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Newcomer V, Metzinger M, Vick S, Robertson C, Lawrence T, Glass A, Elliott L, Williams A. A Stroke Rehabilitation Educational Program for Occupational Therapy Students and Practitioners: Usability Study. JMIR Med Educ 2022; 8:e35637. [PMID: 36178717 PMCID: PMC9568821 DOI: 10.2196/35637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are gaps in knowledge translation (KT) of current evidence-based practices regarding stroke assessment and rehabilitation delivered through teletherapy. A lack of this knowledge can prevent occupational therapy (OT) students and practitioners from implementing current research findings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to create an educational program to translate knowledge into practice regarding the remote delivery of stroke assessment and rehabilitation to OT students and practitioners. Four areas of focus were addressed in the educational program, including KT, task-oriented training, stroke assessments, and telerehabilitation. METHODS Two pilot studies were conducted to assess the knowledge gained via pretests and posttests of knowledge, followed by a System Usability Scale and general feedback questionnaire. Participants in study 1 were 5 OT practitioners and 1 OT assistant. Participants in study 2 were 9 current OT students. Four 1-hour modules were emailed weekly to participants over the course of 4 weeks, with each module covering a different topic (KT, task-oriented training, stroke assessments, and telerehabilitation). Preliminary results were reviewed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Statistically significant results were found with increased scores of knowledge for both students and practitioners. Most of the educational modules had an above-average score regarding value and positive feedback for the educational program as a whole from the participants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this pilot study indicate that a web-based educational program is a valuable, informational method of increasing the translation of knowledge in the remote delivery of stroke assessment and rehabilitation. OT students and practitioners found the information presented to be valuable and relevant to their future profession and current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Newcomer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Megan Metzinger
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sydney Vick
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline Robertson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Taylor Lawrence
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amanda Glass
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lauren Elliott
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ansleigh Williams
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Kaboré PA, Zanga OB, Schepens B. Nonspecific chronic low back pain conditions and therapeutic practices in Burkina Faso. S Afr J Physiother 2022; 78:1787. [PMID: 36262214 PMCID: PMC9575379 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of nonspecific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) is complex because of its multifactorial origin. Objectives To investigate NCLBP care by evaluating patients’ condition and therapeutic management of health practitioners. Method A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 92 patients with NCLBP, 30 medical practitioners (MP) and 20 physiotherapists (PT) from four public health institutions in Burkina Faso. Patients completed the Visual Analogue Scale, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Practitioners were asked about therapy and continuing professional training. Results Pain was moderate to intense for 80% of participants with NCLBP. They were functionally affected and showed fear-avoidance beliefs related to physical and work activities. The majority (97%) of medical practitioners prescribed analgesics and 53% prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Physiotherapy was the most frequently recommended nonpharmacological treatment. Forty-three per cent of medical practitioners referred to physiotherapy; 20% never did. Physiotherapists practised both passive treatments, such as massage (50%), electrotherapy (55%) and thermotherapy (50%), as well as active treatments, such as general exercises (55%), specific exercises (70%), functional revalidation (50%) and back school (40%). Having had recent continuing professional training and assessing risk factors for chronicity were associated with MPs’ and PTs’ therapeutic choices. Conclusion Participants with NCLBP showed fear-avoidance beliefs, correlated with their algo-functional status. Prescribing habits of MPs were drug-based. Treatments by PTs were passive and active. Continuing professional training of healthcare practitioners and assessment of risk factors had a positive impact on therapeutic choices. Clinical implications Our study is an invitation to the health care system to improve the relationship between a patient’s NCLBP and therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegdwendé A. Kaboré
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biomechanics of Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,Centre National d’Appareillage Orthopédique du Burkina, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Orokiatou B. Zanga
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Bénédicte Schepens
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biomechanics of Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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20
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O'Toole SE, Tsermentseli S, Papastergiou A, Monks CP. A Qualitative Exploration of Practitioners' Understanding of and Response to Child-to-Parent Aggression. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP8274-NP8296. [PMID: 33103567 PMCID: PMC9136371 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been limited research and policy directed toward defining and understanding child-to-parent aggression (CPA), resulting in inconsistent definitions, understandings, and responses, which has a detrimental impact on families. In particular, there have been limited qualitative studies of those working on the frontline of CPA, hindering the development of effective policy. The present qualitative study therefore aimed to explore practitioner perspectives of CPA. Twenty-five practitioners from diverse fields (e.g., youth justice, police, charities) participated in four focus groups relating to their experiences of working with CPA in the United Kingdom. Thematic analysis of focus groups revealed three key themes: definitions of CPA, understanding of CPA risk factors, and responding to CPA. Practitioners understood CPA to be a broad use of aggression to intimidate and control parents and highlighted a range of individual (e.g., mental health, substance abuse) and social (e.g., parenting, gangs) risk factors for CPA. Further, practitioners felt that current methods of reporting CPA were ineffective and may have a detrimental impact on families. The findings of this study have implications for CPA policy and support the need for a multiagency and coordinated strategy for responding to CPA.
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21
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Safi M, Opoku MP, Alshamsi M, Abu-shariha AH. Comparative Study of the Perspectives on the Impact of a Culturally Responsive Picture Exchange Communication System for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:841064. [PMID: 35573938 PMCID: PMC9099072 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.841064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a widely accepted way to develop the communication skills of children with developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the efficacy of PECS has been largely studied in Western societies and little research is available regarding its role in the development of children with ASD in a non-Western cultural context. The purpose of this study was to compare the parent and the practitioner perceptions of the use of PECS for children with ASD in the United Arab Emirates. Method A new scale made up of three subscales was used to collect the data from the parents and the practitioners who were either related to or working with a cohort of children with ASD. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and subjected to the computation of means, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), binary logistical regression, and two-way factorial ANOVA. Results The results showed uncertainty or neutrality among the parents and the practitioners toward the use of PECS. Variables such as age, years of experience using PECS, and gender were noted to influence perceptions of PECS. Conclusion The need for policymakers to consider developing regular training for parents and practitioners on the use of PECS and other implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Safi
- Speech–Language Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maxwell Peprah Opoku
- Special Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Alshamsi
- Special Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Hassan Abu-shariha
- Special Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Read GJM, Schultz K, Goode N, Salmon PM. Using cognitive work analysis to identify competencies for human factors and ergonomics practitioners. Ergonomics 2022; 65:348-361. [PMID: 34266371 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1955979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While several competency frameworks have been proposed for Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) practitioners, these are not commonly based on structured analyses. The aim of this research was to develop a sociotechnical systems model of the HFE practitioner role in Australia and identify the competencies required to fulfil the role. Study One applied the Work Domain Analysis phase of cognitive work analysis (CWA) to model the HFE practitioner role. Model refinement was undertaken with seven subject matter experts. In Study Two, the model was used to elicit the competencies (knowledge, skills, abilities, other characteristics) required for successful performance, via a survey of 28 HFE practitioners. Most competencies related to skills (i.e. communication skills) and knowledge (i.e. domain knowledge). Gaps in competencies were also identified, linked to a lack of HFE education pathways in Australia. The findings have practical utility for designing HFE practitioner roles and educational programs. Practitioner summary: Cognitive work analysis provided a structured analysis of the role of the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) practitioner and to support the identification of competencies. The results suggest that HFE practitioners are generalists rather than specialists and have implications for the job design and education of HFE practitioners. Abbreviations: BCPE: board of certification in professional ergonomics; CIEHF: chartered institute of ergonomics and human factors; CWA: cognitive work analysis; HFE: human factors and ergonomics; HFESA: human factors and ergonomics society of Australia; IEA: International Ergonomics Association; KSAO: knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics; O*NET: occupation information network; SME: subject matter expert; SRK: skills, rules, knowledge; UK: United Kingdom; USA: United States of America; WDA: work domain analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma J M Read
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
| | - Katie Schultz
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
| | - Natassia Goode
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
- Worksafe Victoria, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
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23
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Ezeome IV, Akintola SO, Jegede AS, Ezeome ER. Perception of Key Ethical Issues in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) by Providers and Clients in Nigeria. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:1033-1052. [PMID: 34764702 PMCID: PMC8572738 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s331917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past decade, developments in the field of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) have intensified the hopes and the desires of infertile people to overcome infertility, resulting in an increasing demand for such services worldwide. However, as developments in ART have evolved rapidly, so have ethical, social, and political controversies surrounding many aspects arisen. It is known that societal ethics is dependent on the values and culture of a given group. We sought to explore how practitioners and clients in Nigeria perceive some Key ethical issues surrounding ART. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an explorative descriptive study involving in-depth interview of three ART providers and eight female ART clients, all domiciled in Southeastern Nigeria. Sampling was by purposive and snowballing techniques for providers and clients, respectively. Ethical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan/University College Hospital and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Research Ethics Committees. Responses were grouped into themes for ease of discussion. RESULTS Providers and clients were in support of sex selection for family balancing, and multiple embryo transfers. They also perceive that the health of the woman should be the factor considered and not biological age for service provision. However, views differed on marital status as an access factor. Participants were in support of legally binding regulations to guide practice. CONCLUSION A culturally sensitive national regulation is recommended to guide practice in this vital area of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma V Ezeome
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Multidisciplinary Studies and Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Simisola O Akintola
- Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Multidisciplinary Studies and Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Business and Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele S Jegede
- Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Multidisciplinary Studies and Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel R Ezeome
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Barbi W, Raj V, Askari M, Toshi T, Gopalakrishnan D, Kumari K, Rangari P. Skills, Knowledge, and Implementation of Techniques for Behavioral Guidance in Adults with a Fear of Dentistry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1462-S1465. [PMID: 35018010 PMCID: PMC8686882 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_253_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is considered the main reason of dental negligence which can lead to detrimental oral health as well as overall health including psychological well-being and quality of life in an individual. AIMS The present trial was aimed to assess the skill and knowledge of dentists in managing DFA in adult subjects, to evaluate the available strategies used in treating such subjects, and to find the need for further education. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was an original survey and questionnaire trial, which was distributed to the 82 dentists. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated. RESULTS Educating and motivating subjects was found to be effective by 62.19% (n = 51) of dentists followed by successive approximation, and muscle relaxation was considered highly ineffective by one responder (1.21%). Music and reduced waiting time in the clinic appeared to be the most effective strategy as responded by 56.09% (n = 46) of dentists. Attempting treatment in various visits than a single seems to be a highly ineffective technique by 4 dentists (4.87%). CONCLUSION Within its limitation, the study showed that the application of various behavior modification techniques can be effective in alleviating DFA in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagisha Barbi
- Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vaibhav Raj
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Officer, ECHS Polyclinic, Ministry of Defence, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Mehdi Askari
- Dental Officer, ECHS Polyclinic station HQ, Gopalpur, Cantonment, Odisha, India
| | - Toshi Toshi
- Senior lecturer, Dept of Periodontics, Buddha Institute of dental sciences and hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Dipti Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Dentistry, Medeor International Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,Address for correspondence: Dr. Dipti Gopalakrishnan, Department of Dentistry, Medeor International Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. E-mail:
| | - Khushboo Kumari
- PG Student, Department Of Oral Pathology, Buddha Institute Of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Priyadarshini Rangari
- Associate professor, Department of Dentistry, Sri Shankaracharya Medical College, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
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Bala AA, Jatau AI, Yunusa I, Mohammed M, Mohammed AKH, Isa AM, Wada AS, Gulma KA, Bello I, Malami S, Michael GC, Chedi BA. Knowledge assessment of anti-snake venom among healthcare practitioners in northern Nigeria. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211039379. [PMID: 34434552 PMCID: PMC8381460 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211039379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-snake venom (ASV) is the standard therapy for the management of snakebite envenoming (SBE). Therefore, the knowledge of ASV among healthcare practitioners (HCPs) is essential for achieving optimal clinical outcomes in snakebite management. This study aimed to assess knowledge of ASV among the HCPs in northern Nigeria. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving eligible HCPs from different healthcare settings in northern Nigeria. The participants were recruited into the study using a combination of online (via Google Form) and face-to-face paper-based survey methods. The ASV knowledge of the respondents was measured using a validated anti-snake venom knowledge assessment tool (AKAT). Inadequate overall knowledge of ASV was defined as scores of 0-69.9%, and 70-100% were considered adequate overall knowledge scores. The predictors of ASV knowledge were determined using multiple logistic regression. Results Three hundred and thirty-one (331) eligible HCPs were included in the study analysis (310 from online and 21 from paper-based survey). Overall, an estimated 12.7% of the participants had adequate knowledge of ASV. Adequate ASV knowledge was higher among physicians compared with other HCPs (21.7%; χ2 = 8.1; p = 0.04). Those without previous training on ASV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-0.73; p = 0.004) and who have not previously administered/dispensed ASV (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.63; p < 0.001) were less likely to have adequate knowledge of ASV. Conclusion The knowledge of ASV among healthcare practitioners in northern Nigeria is grossly inadequate. Experience with administering or dispensing ASV predicts ASV knowledge. Therefore, appropriate interventions are needed to improve ASV knowledge, particularly among the HCPs, for optimal healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal A Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa 7200234, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar I Jatau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abubakar S Wada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kabiru A Gulma
- School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Inuwa Bello
- Jigawa State Hospital Services, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Sani Malami
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Godpower C Michael
- Department of Family Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Basheer Az Chedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Venom-Antivenom Research Project (VASP) and Nigeria-Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre (N-SRIC), Kano, Nigeria
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Aubert A, Flecha R. Health and Well-Being Consequences for Gender Violence Survivors from Isolating Gender Violence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8626. [PMID: 34444375 PMCID: PMC8391135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent scientific literature has published about the Isolating Gender Violence (IGV), the violence exerted by harassers against those who support their victims. IGV provokes suffering to advocates with health and well-being consequences that have been analyzed by more recent research; but IGV provokes also suffering on the victims of gender violence when they see the suffering of those who have supported them and also for their isolation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to explore the health and well-being consequences of IGV on gender violence survivors. The methodology includes three narratives of gender violence survivors whose advocates supporting them were victimized by IGV. The results show, on the one hand, an increase of the health and well-being effects of gender violence already analyzed by scientific literature; on the other hand, new health and well-being effects appear. All survivors interviewed say that, besides those new consequences for their health, the support of those advocates has decreased the global health effects of the total gender violence they suffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aubert
- Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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Kim YJ, Qian L, Aslam MS. Cyberbullying Among Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practitioners in the Workplace: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Descriptive Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e29582. [PMID: 34387559 PMCID: PMC8391741 DOI: 10.2196/29582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyberbullying is becoming prevalent among health care professionals and may cause a variety of mental health issues. Traditional and complementary medicine practitioners remain an important pillar of the health care system in Malaysia. OBJECTIVE This paper presents a study protocol for an online survey (Cyberbullying Among Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practitioner [TCMPs]) that will collect the first nationwide representative data on cyberbullying behavior among traditional and complementary medicine practitioners in Malaysia. The objectives of the survey are to (1) evaluate the cyberbullying behavior among traditional and complementary medicine practitioners in Malaysia, (2) identify sociodemographic and social factors related to cyberbullying, and (3) evaluate the association between cyberbullying behavior, sociodemographic, and social factors. METHODS A snowball sampling strategy will be applied. Traditional and complementary medicine practitioners who are permanent Malaysian residents will be randomly selected and invited to participate in the survey (N=1023). Cyberbullying behavior will be measured using the Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Data on the following items will be collected: work-related bullying, person-related bullying, aggressively worded messages, distortion of messages, sending offensive photos/videos, hacking computers or sending a virus or rude message, and threatening messages about personal life or family members. We will also collect data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics, social factors, and substance abuse behavior. RESULTS This cross-sectional descriptive study was registered with Research Registry (Unique Identifying Number 6216; November 05, 2020). This research work (substudy) is planned under a phase 1 study approved by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia. This substudy has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Xiamen University Malaysia (REC-2011.01). The cross-sectional survey will be conducted from July 01, 2021, to June 30, 2022. Data preparation and statistical analyses are planned from January 2022 onward. CONCLUSIONS The current research can contribute to identify the prevalence of workplace cyberbullying among Malaysian traditional and complementary medicine practitioners. The results will help government stakeholders, health professionals, and education professionals to understand the psychological well-being of Malaysian traditional and complementary medicine practitioners. TRIAL REGISTRATION Research Registry Unique Identifying Number 6216; https://tinyurl.com/3rsmxs7u. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/29582.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jin Kim
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Linchao Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
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Cortis N, Smyth C, valentine K, Breckenridge J, Cullen P. Adapting Service Delivery during COVID-19: Experiences of Domestic Violence Practitioners. Br J Soc Work 2021; 51:1779-1798. [PMID: 34393655 PMCID: PMC8344860 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly altered patterns of domestic and family violence, increasing the complexity of women's needs, and presenting new barriers to service use. This article examines service responses in Australia, exploring practitioners' accounts of adapting service delivery models in the early months of the pandemic. Data from a qualitatively enriched online survey of practitioners (n = 100) show the ways services rapidly shifted to engage with clients via remote, technology-mediated modes, as physical distancing requirements triggered rapid expansion in the use of phone, email, video calls and messaging, and many face-to-face interventions temporarily ceased. Many practitioners and service managers found that remote service delivery improved accessibility and efficiency. Others expressed concerns about their capacity to assess risk without face-to-face contact, and were unsure whether new service modalities would meet the needs of all client groups and reflect best practice. Findings attest to practitioners' mixed experiences during this period of rapid service innovation and change, and underline the importance of monitoring emerging approaches to establish which service adaptations are effective for different groups of people, and to determine good practice for combining remote and face-to-face service options in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Cortis
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence to Associate Professor Natasha Cortis, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Ciara Smyth
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kylie valentine
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jan Breckenridge
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Mehra P, Anand A, Nagarathna R, Kaur N, Malik N, Singh A, Pannu V, Avti P, Patil S, Nagendra HR. Role of Mind-Body Intervention on Lipid Profile: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:168-172. [PMID: 34188391 PMCID: PMC8191221 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_51_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yoga is a combination of physical-breathing and meditative techniques that assist in the unification of the mind-body, which improves the quality of life. It was shown that long-term Yoga practitioners had superior control over respiratory rate, reduced stress and anxiety, and a better-controlled lipid profile. Purpose We aimed to investigate the lipid profile of long-term yoga practitioners who were practicing yoga for more than 1 year in comparison with the nonyoga group. Methods A nationwide survey was conducted in which the long-term yoga practitioners (n = 76) and nonyoga practitioners (n = 80) were recruited for assessment for the lipid parameters. Results The mean (standard deviation) values of both groups were within normal range with serum cholesterol at 189.715 ± 20.4 and 180.88 ± 29.7 and triglycerides at 216.72 ± 92.5 and 207.665 ± 88.3, low-density lipoprotein at 126.65 ± 18.5 and 120.775 ± 26.5, and high-density lipoprotein at 47.17 ± 6.6 and 44.99 ± 7.0, respectively, in yoga and no-yoga groups. Conclusion The lipid profile values were similar in yoga and nonyoga practitioners in the 2017 survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mehra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, PGIMER, Panjab University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Centre for Cognitive Sciences, Phenomenology and Philosophy, Panjab University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Navneet Kaur
- Department o Physical Education, Panjab University, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Neeru Malik
- Dev Samaj College of Education, Panjab University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Viraaj Pannu
- Government Medical College Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Karnataka, India
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Graham KD, Steel A, Wardle J. The Intersection Between Models of Health and How Healing Transpires: A Metaethnographic Synthesis of Complementary Medicine Practitioners' Perceptions. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:538-549. [PMID: 33877868 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This metaethnography provides an interpretative synthesis of complementary medicine (CM) practitioners' perceptions toward their health model and the healing process. CM is commonly described on the basis of its distinction from biomedicine with limited research available on CM practitioners' understanding of what the essence of their practice is and how healing transpires as a result. This is despite the significant patronage of CM and high rates of couse with biomedical services. Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted across seven databases (AMED, SINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, PUBMED, Science Direct, and Scopus) with no date, language, or region restrictions applied. The basis for the search was MeSH terms and keywords relating to (1) CM practitioners, (2) perceptions, and (3) healing. A screening process was conducted and articles were identified for inclusion based on their addressing the research question. These articles were then quality appraised. A seven-stage metaethnographic framework was utilized to assist with identifying and interpreting the themes within the data. Results: Following the screening process, merely 10 qualitative studies were identified, which represented practitioner views across 22 CM professions. CM practitioners believe they provide a distinct model of care informed by a traditional shared holistic and vitalistic philosophy. Nonspecific factors, such as an augmented therapeutic relationship, empathy, and patient empowerment, are actively and deliberately incorporated into the treatment process alongside specific interventions and afforded equal valued. Conclusions: This metaethnographic synthesis brings together the perceptions of CM practitioners on how healing transpires within the CM clinical setting. In a context of medical pluralism and aspirational integrative health care, this synthesis highlights the understanding and approach CM practitioners bring to health management and may assist in further defining CM philosophy and practice, and the positioning of CM in the contemporary health care landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Graham
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amie Steel
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jon Wardle
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
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Barrado‐Martín Y, Hatter L, Moore KJ, Sampson EL, Rait G, Manthorpe J, Smith CH, Nair P, Davies N. Nutrition and hydration for people living with dementia near the end of life: A qualitative systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:664-680. [PMID: 33249602 PMCID: PMC7898342 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To synthesize the qualitative evidence of the views and experiences of people living with dementia, family carers, and practitioners on practice related to nutrition and hydration of people living with dementia who are nearing end of life. DESIGN Systematic review and narrative synthesis of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL. REVIEW METHODS Databases were searched for qualitative studies from January 2000-February 2020. Quantitative studies, or studies reporting on biological mechanisms, assessments, scales or diagnostic tools were excluded. Results were synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach with thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty studies were included; 15 explored the views of practitioners working with people living with dementia in long-term care settings or in hospitals. Four themes were developed: challenges of supporting nutrition and hydration; balancing the views of all parties involved with 'the right thing to do'; national context and sociocultural influences; and strategies to support nutrition and hydration near the end of life in dementia. CONCLUSION The complexity of supporting nutrition and hydration near the end of life for someone living with dementia relates to national context, lack of knowledge, and limited planning while the person can communicate. IMPACT This review summarizes practitioners and families' experiences and highlights the need to include people living with dementia in studies to help understand their views and preferences about nutrition and hydration near the end of life; and those of their families supporting them in the community. The review findings are relevant to multidisciplinary teams who can learn from strategies to help with nutrition and hydration decisions and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Barrado‐Martín
- Centre for Ageing & Population StudiesResearch Department of Primary Care & Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lee Hatter
- Centre for Ageing & Population StudiesResearch Department of Primary Care & Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kirsten J. Moore
- Division of PsychiatryMarie Curie Palliative Care Research DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Melbourne Ageing Research CollaborationNational Ageing Research InstituteRoyal Melbourne Hospital VictoriaParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Elizabeth L. Sampson
- Division of PsychiatryMarie Curie Palliative Care Research DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust Liaison TeamNorth Middlesex University HospitalLondonUK
| | - Greta Rait
- Centre for Ageing & Population StudiesResearch Department of Primary Care & Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health & Social Care Workforce Research UnitNIHR Applied Research Collaborative (ARC) South LondonKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christina H. Smith
- Language and CognitionDivision of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Pushpa Nair
- Centre for Ageing & Population StudiesResearch Department of Primary Care & Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nathan Davies
- Centre for Ageing & Population StudiesResearch Department of Primary Care & Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Division of PsychiatryMarie Curie Palliative Care Research DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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ALQarni HZM, Al Saleh MM, Alsaleem SA, Al-Garni AM, Al-Hayaza SH, Al-Zailaie AK, Alsulayyim RS, Al-Hasher SK, Al-Shehri KM. Phobia among residents in board training programs in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2019. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5334-5338. [PMID: 33409211 PMCID: PMC7773096 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_855_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phobia is an extreme form of anxiety or fear which is triggered by a given situation or object or even danger associated with a situation or object for more than 6 months. There are three main forms of phobia: social phobia (social anxiety disorder), specific phobia, or agoraphobia. Agoraphobia is a form of anxiety disorder where one fears and avoids situations or places that might cause them to panic. The main purpose of this study is to investigate phobia among residents in broad training programs in Abha city and compare phobia between residents in broad training programs and general practitioners in Abha city. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Abha city of Saudi Arabia from December 2019 to March 2020. It included a representative sample of medical doctors under broad training programs and general practitioners (none trained) in all the health-care centers. A link for the survey questionnaires was created and shared with the respondents. The questionnaire included sociodemographics of the participants, the Kutcher Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Psychometric Properties and Clinical Utility of the Specific Phobia Questionnaire in an Anxiety Disorders Sample for specific phobia. Results: The study included 300 physicians. Majority of them (81%) were in the age group between 25 and 30 years. Males represent 54% of them. There was no statistically significant difference between resident physicians and general practitioners regarding the avoidance of different social situations. Conclusion: Overall, the residents in board training programs in Abha city expressed lower levels of discomfort, anxiety, distress, avoidance, fear, and life interference of some social and specific situations compared to general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Safar A Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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de Leeuw TG, van der Zanden T, Ravera S, Felisi M, Bonifazi D, Tibboel D, Ceci A, Kaguelidou F, de Wildt SN. Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic and Mixed Pain in Children and Adolescents: Results of a Survey Study amongst Practitioners. Children (Basel) 2020; 7:children7110208. [PMID: 33147808 PMCID: PMC7694093 DOI: 10.3390/children7110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Validated diagnostic tools to diagnose chronic neuropathic and mixed pain in children are missing. Therapeutic options are often derived from therapeutics for adults. To investigate the international practice amongst practitioners for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic, neuropathic pain in children and adolescents, we performed a survey study among members of learned societies or groups whose members are known to treat pediatric pain. The survey included questions concerning practitioners and practice characteristics, assessment and diagnosis, treatment and medication. We analyzed 117 returned questionnaires, of which 41 (35%) were fully completed and 76 (65%) were partially completed. Most respondents based the diagnosis of neuropathic pain on physical examination (68 (58.1%)), patient history (67 (57.3%)), and underlying disease (59 (50.4%)) combined. Gabapentin, amitriptyline, and pregabalin were the first-choice treatments for moderate neuropathic pain. Tramadol, ibuprofen, amitriptyline, and paracetamol were the first-choice treatments for moderate mixed pain. Consensus on the diagnostic process of neuropathic pain in children and adolescents is lacking. Drug treatment varies widely for moderate, severe neuropathic, and mixed pain. Hence, diagnostic tools and therapy need to be harmonized and validated for use in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. de Leeuw
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Tjitske van der Zanden
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.Z.); (D.T.); (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Simona Ravera
- Pharmaceutical Research Management Srl, Via Luigi Porta 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Mariagrazia Felisi
- Pharmaceutical Research Management Srl, Via Luigi Porta 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Donato Bonifazi
- Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, Via Putignani 178, 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.Z.); (D.T.); (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Adriana Ceci
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi onlus, Via Abate Eustasio 30, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- Centre d’Investigations Cliniques, INSERM CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Université de Paris, UMR-1123 ECEVE, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Saskia N. de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.Z.); (D.T.); (S.N.d.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Velloso Alvarez A, Boone LH, Braim AP, Taintor JS, Caldwell F, Wright JC, Wooldridge AA. A Survey of Clinical Usage of Non-steroidal Intra-Articular Therapeutics by Equine Practitioners. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:579967. [PMID: 33195592 PMCID: PMC7642446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.579967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several non-steroidal intra-articular therapeutics (NSIATs) available for use by equine practitioners for the treatment of performance-limiting joint-related pathology. Information is limited on perceived clinical efficacy, recommended treatment protocols, and associated complications. Our objective with this cross-sectional survey was to investigate the current clinical usage of NSIATs by equine practitioners. An electronic cross-sectional convenience survey inquiring about the use of steroidal and NSIATS (platelet-rich plasma, autologous conditioned serum, autologous protein solution, cellular therapies, and polyacrylamide hydrogel) was distributed internationally to equine practitioners. A total of 353 surveys were completed. NSIATs were used by 87.5% of the participants. Corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid remain the intra-articular therapeutic of choice among practitioners, followed by autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma and autologous conditioned protein. Polyacrylamide hydrogel was the least used. Practitioners were more likely to use NSIATs if their caseload was > 50% equine (P < 0.001), they treated more than 10 horses intra-articularly per month (P < 0.001), and horses treated were considered English sport horses (P = 0.02). Years in practice and practice location did not influence the use of NSIATs. One of the most common reasons why NSIATs were chosen was to treat acute articular pathologies. As survey limitations, answers to questions regarding clinical response and complication rates were based on subjective estimation and practitioners recall, not clinical records. In conclusion, corticosteroids remain the most widely used intra-articular therapeutic. Among the NSIATs, blood-based products are more commonly used by practitioners, followed by cellular and synthetic products. Equine practitioners frequently use NSIATs, choosing to treat acute joint pathology more than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Velloso Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Lindsey H Boone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Jenifer S Taintor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Fred Caldwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - James C Wright
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Anne A Wooldridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Gagnon AC, Langlade C, Rosset E, Buff S. French veterinarians' opinions and practices regarding early neutering of cats: a convenience sampling survey interpreted in an international context. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e120. [PMID: 32978276 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although data are still needed, early neutering of cats appears to be as safe as neutering at the traditional age of six months or older and beneficial to the individual and the population. The aim of this observational study was to obtain an overview of veterinarians' opinions and practices about feline early neutering (ie, until the age of four months). METHODS In this retrospective work, a web survey was distributed to French practitioners. RESULTS A total of 609 veterinarians returned the survey. Majority of the veterinarians (56 per cent) reported never performing early neutering, 42 per cent reported performing it inconsistently, and 2 per cent reported consistently performing it. When carried out, it was mainly on kittens from commercial breeding, following breeders' request, and performed at the age of three months. An overwhelming majority (93 per cent) of veterinarians performing early neutering reported no incidents. Veterinarians who did not practise early neutering neutered mostly (81 per cent) kittens from four to six months of age. CONCLUSION In conclusion, early neutering is still not a common practice among French veterinarians. Opinions differed as to its advantages and disadvantages, although reported incidents were scarce. Veterinarians who do not perform early neutering reported a lack of interest in this practice rather than reluctance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilie Rosset
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Samuel Buff
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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Halboup AM, Othman GQ, Battah MM, Alzoubi KH, Sallom H. Awareness of Physicians in Yemen Toward High Blood Pressure Management According to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) Guideline. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:529-537. [PMID: 32922064 PMCID: PMC7450413 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s265118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a common public health problem that impacts more than one-third of the world population. Awareness of physicians towards the guidelines of high blood pressure management is an essential step to reduce the consequences of high blood pressure. Objective This study was aimed to assess the awareness of physicians towards high blood pressure treatment according to the recent report of the Joint National Committee (JNC8) guideline. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 400 physicians during the period from February to April 2017. Physicians were recruited from public and private hospitals as well as clinics. A validated questionnaire that incorporated the changes seen in JNC 8, as well as the specific modality of hypertension management based on other guidelines, was administered to the participating physicians. Results Three hundred and eighty-nine physicians completed the questionnaire; with all the interviewed physicians have ever heard about JNC 8. The practice of general practitioners (GPs) was significantly deviated from the recommended guideline of blood pressure management as compared to consultants, specialists, and residents. Additionally, certain variations were found among consultants, specialists, and residents with slight superiority of consultants towards most aspects. Conclusion The finding of this study highlights an inadequate knowledge of GPs in Yemen towards high blood pressure management guidelines. The findings of this study emphasize the necessity for continuous medical education programs that are specially designed to target GPs. Continued update of medical curricula in Yemeni universities is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam M Halboup
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Gamil Q Othman
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed M Battah
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hebah Sallom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Turkey
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Dunn A, Cartwright-Hatton S, Startup H, Papamichail A. The Parenting Experience of Those With Borderline Personality Disorder Traits: Practitioner and Parent Perspectives. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1913. [PMID: 32849122 PMCID: PMC7426472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with challenges around emotional intensity and interpersonal difficulties. The children of parents with BPD are at risk of poorer outcomes in terms of their own mental health, educational outcomes and wellbeing. The challenges of being a parent can also exacerbate the symptoms of those with BPD traits. There is a pressing need to understand the experience of these parents and to determine what support would be appropriate and useful. Aim To explore and compare the experiences and support needs of parents with BPD traits with the experiences and understanding of practitioners who work with them. Methods Interviews with 12 parents with BPD traits and 21 practitioners with experience of working with individuals with BPD. The two strands of interviews were analyzed independently using a thematic framework approach, after which the superordinate and subordinate themes were subject to comparison. Results Parents with BPD traits represent themselves as experiencing considerable challenges in their role as a parent. These included the impact of emotional intensity, social isolation and lack of a positive parenting models to draw upon. Practitioners demonstrated a strong degree of shared understanding into these difficulties. Both groups highlighted a lack of appropriate support for these parents. Conclusion This research highlights the clinical need for parenting-focused support for individuals with BPD traits. Preliminary suggestions for format and content are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dunn
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen Startup
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex Education Centre, Hove, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Papamichail
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Dako-Gyeke P, Asampong E, Afari E, Launois P, Ackumey M, Opoku-Mensah K, Dery S, Akweongo P, Nonvignon J, Aikins M. Capacity building for implementation research: a methodology for advancing health research and practice. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:53. [PMID: 32487176 PMCID: PMC7268492 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation research is increasingly being recognised as an important discipline seeking to maximise the benefits of evidence-based interventions. Although capacity-building efforts are ongoing, there has been limited attention on the contextual and health system peculiarities in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, given the challenges encountered during the implementation of health interventions, the field of implementation research requires a creative attempt to build expertise for health researchers and practitioners simultaneously. With support from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, we have developed an implementation research short course that targets both researchers and practitioners. This paper seeks to explain the course development processes and report on training evaluations, highlighting its relevance for inter-institutional and inter-regional capacity strengthening. METHODS The development of the implementation research course curriculum was categorised into four phases, namely the formation of a core curriculum development team, course content development, internal reviews and pilot, and external reviews and evaluations. Five modules were developed covering Introduction to implementation research, Methods in implementation research, Ethics and quality management in implementation research, Community and stakeholder engagement, and Dissemination in implementation research. Course evaluations were conducted using developed tools measuring participants' reactions and learning. RESULTS From 2016 to 2018, the IR curriculum has been used to train a total of 165 researchers and practitioners predominantly from African countries, the majority of whom are males (57%) and researchers/academics (79.4%). Participants generally gave positive ratings (e.g. integration of concepts) for their reactions to the training. Under 'learnings', participants indicated improvement in their knowledge in areas such as identification of implementation research problems and questions. CONCLUSION The approach for training both researchers and practitioners offers a dynamic opportunity for the acquisition and sharing of knowledge for both categories of learners. This approach was crucial in demonstrating a key characteristic of implementation research (e.g. multidisciplinary) practically evident during the training sessions. Using such a model to effectively train participants from various low- and middle-income countries shows the opportunities this training curriculum offers as a capacity-building tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Dako-Gyeke
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Asampong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Edwin Afari
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mercy Ackumey
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kwabena Opoku-Mensah
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Dery
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patricia Akweongo
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Justice Nonvignon
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Moses Aikins
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Dixon E, Lazar A. Approach Matters: Linking Practitioner Approaches to Technology Design for People with Dementia. Proc SIGCHI Conf Hum Factor Comput Syst 2020; 2020. [PMID: 32719832 DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Technology design for dementia is an active and growing area. Though work to date has largely addressed functional needs, there is a growing recognition of the importance of supporting meaningful activities. However, technology for active, rather than passive, engagement is relatively novel beyond specific applications (e.g., music or reminiscence therapy). To better understand how to support active engagement of people with dementia in activities, we interviewed nineteen practitioners. Our findings reveal differing approaches to making sense of the actions of people with dementia, as well as to engaging them in activities. We discuss the importance of tracing epistemological understandings of dementia to different configurations of technology for people living with dementia and provide a practical guide to support designers to do so. Finally, we discuss considerations for the design of dementia technologies around facilitating self-actualization and managing emotional exposure for care-providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dixon
- iSchool, Trace Center, HCIL, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Lazar
- iSchool, Trace Center, HCIL, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Martin EM, Myers K, Brickman K. Self-Preservation in the Workplace: The Importance of Well-Being for Social Work Practitioners and Field Supervisors. Soc Work 2019; 65:74-81. [PMID: 31846026 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The risks in the human services workplace to social workers' emotional, psychological, and physical well-being is well known. Self-care is seen as a way to minimize workplace risks, including burnout, compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and vicarious traumatization. This article examines the reported self-care practices of social work practitioners and their agencies, and the barriers that get in the way. Forty-two participants worked in agency settings and supervised students. All reported engaging in some type of self-care practice, and almost all reported some type of support from their workplace; however, 38 reported barriers to self-care. Even with self-care practices in place personally and in the workplace, obstacles remain. Social work educators need to be cognizant of these factors to ensure that field supervisors are well supported in their own self-care practices and are equipped to assist students in developing these positive practices early in their careers to help sustain workers in the social work profession.
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Musiwa AS. Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: A Unique Silent Epidemic. Perspectives of Victim-Friendly Court Professionals in Marondera District, Zimbabwe. J Child Sex Abus 2019; 28:860-884. [PMID: 31211664 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1627689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intrafamilial child sexual abuse is the commonest, though the under-reported, form of child sexual abuse in Marondera District and Zimbabwe generally. However, little is known about what drives it and what practitioners know about it. This study explored the factors associated with the incidence of intrafamilial child sexual abuse in Marondera based on perceptions of Victim-Friendly Court professionals in the district. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to twenty-five professionals from thirteen agencies implementing the Victim-Friendly Court initiative in Marondera. Relevant court records of intrafamilial child sexual abuse cases were also reviewed. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, descriptive statistics and document analysis. The study revealed that intrafamilial child sexual abuse in Marondera is associated with very subtle structural factors which put children at risk of abuse, prevent children, families, and communities from reporting, and reduce the accessibility of formal systems of social control. There are 'conflicts' between normative/legal and traditional socio-cultural value systems such that there is no shared understanding of the fundamental issues driving this phenomenon. Policy/practice responses need to take cognizance of these peculiarities. As a basic first step, a comprehensive national prevalence study is required. Further in-depth research of the socio-cultural determinants of intrafamilial child sexual abuse is also recommended.
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Boholm Å. Risk Communication as Government Agency Organizational Practice. Risk Anal 2019; 39:1695-1707. [PMID: 30884551 PMCID: PMC6849713 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of organizational risk communication is an understudied topic in risk research. This article investigates how public officials at six government agencies in Sweden understand and relate to risk communication and its uses in the context of agency organizational work on policy and regulation. Qualitative interviews were used to explore the practitioners' views on some key topics in the academic literature on risk communication. A main finding is that there is little consensus on what the goals of risk communication are; if, and how, uncertainty should be communicated; and what role is to be played by transparency in risk communication. However, the practitioners agree that dissemination (top down) to the public of robust scientific and expert knowledge is a crucial element. Dialogue and participation is used mainly with other agencies and elite stakeholders with whom agencies collaborate to implement policy goals. Dialogue with the public on issues of risk is very limited. Some implications of the findings for the practice of risk communication by government agencies are suggested.
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Wang LF, Meng YL. [Study on literatures of health preservation and practitioners in Taiping Yulan: Fangshu]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2019; 49:224-228. [PMID: 31495162 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Taiping Yulan(, Imperial overview from the Taiping reign or Readings of the Taiping Era) was a large encyclopedia which compiled by Li Fang in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Its content was broad and the resources of quotation were varied. It contained a large number of medical knowledges. Among this book, the "Fangshu" volume consisted of 18 parts, the first five volumes of health and medical recorded 4 methods of health preservation (nurturing vitality), 88 practitioners, cited 59 kinds of literatures and 160 historical materials. It has important academic value to the study of ancient health preservation and inheritance development of medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Wang
- College of TCM, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
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Abstract
The Mental Healthcare Act (MHCA) 2017, after parliamentary approval in 2017, came into effect from May 29, 2018. It is rights-based and empowers the patients to make their own choices unless they become incapacitous due to mental illness. There is much emphasis on the protection of human rights of persons with mental illness. The act provides a framework and regulation on how a person with mental illness should be treated. The experts, on multiple occasions, have debated on whether the act is a boon or a bane for the practitioners in India. The MHCA 2017 brings about more impetus on documentation, unlike the previous acts. With the act in place, clear documentation with reasons for decisions made and care given are important for good practice. Although this may potentially raise the cost of care, this will ensure a safer practice of psychiatry and will prove beneficial for the patients and the psychiatrists. To comply with the provisions of the act, one will have to modify the manner in which one carries out the day-to-day practice. Regular training through workshops is required to understand the practical implications of different provisions of the act. Furthermore, regular peer group meetings may give a sense of support and an opportunity to learn from one another and help find solutions to difficult aspects. Overall, following this and adapting to the new act may bring uniformity in practice. This article aims to explore ways to leverage the MHCA 2017 from the practitioner's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Harbishettar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Enara
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Gowda
- Spandana Health Care, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gupta R, Chandra Shekar BR, Goel P, Hongal S, Ganavadiya R. Role of dentist in genetic counseling: A critical appraisal of the current practices and future requirements in Indian scenario. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019; 16:131-138. [PMID: 31040867 PMCID: PMC6474174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders are showing an upward trend. The social and economic impact of genetic disorders on individual, family and society is enormous. There is an urgent need to explore alternate strategies to mitigate the burden of genetic disorders. This is especially true with regard to developing countries such as India where there is a shortage of health personnel adequately trained in genetic counseling at present. Dental professionals have a unique opportunity to observe the development of preadolescent and adolescent patients during periods when important growth and development changes occur. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on the role of dentist in genetic counseling with a critical appraisal on the current practices among dentists on genetic services in India, the need, scope, and future requirements. The literature on genetic services and genetic counseling was identified by searching the biomedical databases for primary research material by one investigator over a period of 8 weeks. The articles related to dentist's role in genetic counseling were assessed and discussed in the present review. A total of 239 resource materials were retrieved in the initial search. The literature from these sources was thoroughly scrutinized by the authors, and the literature (review articles, descriptive studies, or any form of study) focusing on role of dentist in genetic counseling was finally considered for critical appraisal in the present review. The role of genetics in health and oral health care has not received due attention of the dental practitioners who otherwise are in a crucial position in identifying the patients with genetic disorders and offer requisite counseling and referral to designated genetic centers. The short training courses for practicing dentists, faculty members, and a small change in dental curriculum to make provision for teaching genetics to undergraduate students may go a long way in filling the void created by these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B R Chandra Shekar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS Medical Institutions Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. B. R. Chandra Shekar, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS Medical Institutions Campus, Mysore - 570 015, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Pankaj Goel
- Department of Dentistry, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sudheer Hongal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, AME Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Ganavadiya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Hoekstra F, Martin Ginis KA, Allan V, Kothari A, Gainforth HL. Evaluating the impact of a network of research partnerships: a longitudinal multiple case study protocol. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:107. [PMID: 30419902 PMCID: PMC6233573 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conducting and/or disseminating research together with community stakeholders (e.g. policy-makers, practitioners, community organisations, patients) is a promising approach to generating relevant and impactful research. However, creating strong and successful partnerships between researchers and stakeholders is complex. Thus far, an in-depth understanding of how, when and why these research partnerships are successful is lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate and explain the outcomes and impacts of a national network of researchers and community stakeholders over time in order to gain a better understanding of how, when and why research partnerships are successful (or not). Methods This longitudinal multiple case study will use data from the Canadian Disability Participation Project, a large national network of researchers and community stakeholders working together to enhance community participation among people with physical disabilities. To maximise the impact of research conducted within the Canadian Disability Participation Project network, researchers are supported in developing and implementing knowledge translation plans. The components of the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance) will guide this study. Data will be collected from different perspectives (researchers, stakeholders) using different methods (logs, surveys, timeline interviews) at different time points during the years 2018–2021. A combination of data analysis methods, including network analysis and cluster analysis, will be used to study the RE-AIM components. Qualitative data will be used to supplement the findings and further understand the variation in the RE-AIM components over time and across groups. Discussion The outcomes, impacts and processes of conducting and disseminating research together with community stakeholders will be extensively studied. The longitudinal design of this study will provide a unique opportunity to examine research partnerships over time and understand the underlying processes using a variety of innovative research methods (e.g. network analyses, timeline interviews). This study will contribute to opening the ‘black box’ of doing successful and impactful health research in partnership with community stakeholders. Trial registration Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/kj5xa/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hoekstra
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada. .,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Veronica Allan
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
This article is an attempt to bridge the divide between academics and practitioners. Informed by both design theory and the reality of policy work, its focus is on 'problems'. From a practitioners' perspective, policy design is both an intellectual and political process, an inevitable oscillation between 'puzzling' and 'powering', in which 'messy' or unstructured problems are re-structured from problems as webs of 'undesirable situations' to problems as specific, time-and-space bound 'opportunities for improvement'. This requires a questioning habitus in practitioners of policy design. Using a socio-cognitive theory of problem processing, this paper shows how policy design is an iterative process of problem sensing, problem categorization, problem decomposition and problem definition. For each of these stages, appropriate rules-of-thumb for questioning and answering can be suggested that induce thought habits and styles for responsive and solid policy designs.
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Bell SK, Mena G, Dean J, Watts P, Howard C, Boyd M, Gilks C, Gartner C. Addressing smoking among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional survey of Australian HIV health practitioners' practices and attitudes. AIDS Care 2018; 31:436-442. [PMID: 30022683 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) have high rates of tobacco smoking, and smoking is a leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. It is important to understand HIV healthcare providers' practices and attitudes towards addressing smoking with their patients. An online survey that measured: (i) use of the 5A framework for addressing smoking (Ask, Assess, Advise, Assist, Arrange) and (ii) attitudes and barriers to addressing smoking cessation was distributed by relevant professional bodies. Eligible participants were Australian health practitioners providing healthcare to PLHIV. Of the 179 respondents, most reported practising at least one of the 5As: Ask (94%); Assess (78%); Advise (82%); Assist (89%); and Arrange (73%). Practising the full 5A framework (completing at least one activity from each A) was less common (62%) and associated with having undertaken smoking cessation training (OR 2.1, CI 1.1-3.9), being a medical practitioner (OR 6.0, CI 3.1-11.6), having greater perceived knowledge and resources (OR 1.7, CI 1.3-2.4) and more positive attitudes (OR 1.5, CI 1.1-2.0). Common barriers to delivering cessation assistance related to knowledge and availability of resources. Development and greater dissemination of effective smoking cessation training and resources may be required to ensure healthcare practitioners have the capacity to complete all aspects of the 5A framework for smoking cessation and support their patients with HIV who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Bell
- a School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
| | - Gabriela Mena
- a School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
| | - Judith Dean
- a School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
| | - Peter Watts
- b Queensland Positive People , East Brisbane , Australia
| | - Chris Howard
- b Queensland Positive People , East Brisbane , Australia
| | - Mark Boyd
- c Lyell McEwin Hospital, University of Adelaide , Elizabeth Vale , Australia
| | - Charles Gilks
- a School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- a School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter 'Indigenous') population health issue. Over 2015-2016, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Project (ATSISPEP) aimed to identify success factors in Indigenous suicide prevention. CONCLUSIONS For non-Indigenous practitioners working with indigenous clients at risk of suicide, ATSISPEP identified important considerations to make treatment more effective. The start is acknowledging the differences in the historical, cultural, political, social and economic experiences of Indigenous peoples, and their greater exposure to trauma, psychological distress and risks to mental health. These mental health difficulties are specific and more prevalent amongst Indigenous peoples and communities due to the ongoing impacts of colonisation in Australia including a range of social determinants impacting on the well-being of Indigenous peoples today. Working effectively with Indigenous clients also includes being able to establish culturally safe work environments, and the ability of non-Indigenous practitioners to work in a culturally competent and trauma-informed manner. There are also considerations regarding time protocols and client follow-up. Further, postvention responses might be required. Supporting selective suicide prevention activity among younger people (and other groups at increased risk) and community-level work is an important complement to working with Indigenous individuals at risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Dudgeon
- Professor, School of Indigenous Studies, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Holland
- Consultant, Faculty of Arts, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Cowan TL, Dunlop WA, Ben-Meir M, Staples M, Treadwell A, Gardner-Brunton E, Walker KJ. Emergency consultants value medical scribes and most prefer to work with them, a few would rather not: a qualitative Australian study. Emerg Med J 2017; 35:12-17. [PMID: 28971848 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2017-206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The utilisation of medical scribes in the USA has enabled productivity gains for emergency consultants, though their personal experiences have not been widely documented. We aimed to evaluate the consultant experience of working with scribes in an Australian ED. METHODS Emergency consultants working with scribes and those who declined to work with scribes were invited to participate in individual interviews (structured and semistructured questions) about scribes, scribe work and the scribe program in October 2016. RESULTS Of 16 consultants, 13 participated in interviews, that is, 11 worked with scribes and 2 did not and 3 left Cabrini prior to the interviews. Consultants working with scribes found them most useful for capturing initial patient encounters, for finding information and completing discharge tasks. Scribes captured more details than consultants usually did. Editing was required for omissions, misunderstandings and rearranging information order, but this improved with increasing scribe experience. Consultants described changing their style to give more information to the patient in the room. Consultants felt more productive and able to meet demands. They also described enjoyment, less stress, less cognitive loading, improved ability to multitask, see complex patients and less fatigue.In interviews with the two consultants declining scribes, theme saturation was not achieved. Consultants declining scribes preferred to work independently. They did not like templated notes and felt that consultation nuances were lost. They valued their notes write-up time as time for cognitive processing of the presentation. They thought the scribe and computer impacted negatively on communication with the patient. CONCLUSION Medical scribes were seen to improve physician productivity, enjoyment at work, ability to multitask and to lower stress levels. Those who declined scribes were concerned about losing important nuances and cognitive processing time for the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Luke Cowan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William A Dunlop
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Ben-Meir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Staples
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ainsley Treadwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Katherine Justice Walker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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