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Richards SM, Gubser Keller C, Kreutzer R, Greiner G, Ley S, Doelemeyer A, Dubost V, Flandre T, Kirkland S, Carbone W, Pandya R, Knehr J, Roma G, Schuierer S, Bouchez L, Seuwen K, Aebi A, Westhead D, Hintzen G, Jurisic G, Hossain I, Neri M, Manevski N, Balavenkatraman KK, Moulin P, Begrich A, Bertschi B, Huber R, Bouwmeester T, Driver VR, von Schwabedissen M, Schaefer D, Wettstein B, Wettstein R, Ruffner H. Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14447. [PMID: 38149752 PMCID: PMC10958103 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited understanding of the pathology underlying chronic wounds has hindered the development of effective diagnostic markers and pharmaceutical interventions. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular composition of various common chronic ulcer types to facilitate drug discovery strategies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of leg ulcers (LUs), encompassing venous and arterial ulcers, foot ulcers (FUs), pressure ulcers (PUs), and compared them with surgical wound healing complications (WHCs). To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify similarities or differences within wounds, we dissected wounds into distinct subregions, including the wound bed, border, and peri-wound areas, and compared them against intact skin. By correlating histopathology, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we identified unique genes, pathways, and cell type abundance patterns in each wound type and subregion. These correlations aim to aid clinicians in selecting targeted treatment options and informing the design of future preclinical and clinical studies in wound healing. Notably, specific genes, such as PITX1 and UPP1, exhibited exclusive upregulation in LUs and FUs, potentially offering significant benefits to specialists in limb preservation and clinical treatment decisions. In contrast, comparisons between different wound subregions, regardless of wound type, revealed distinct expression profiles. The pleiotropic chemokine-like ligand GPR15L (C10orf99) and transmembrane serine proteases TMPRSS11A/D were significantly upregulated in wound border subregions. Interestingly, WHCs exhibited a nearly identical transcriptome to PUs, indicating clinical relevance. Histological examination revealed blood vessel occlusions with impaired angiogenesis in chronic wounds, alongside elevated expression of genes and immunoreactive markers related to blood vessel and lymphatic epithelial cells in wound bed subregions. Additionally, inflammatory and epithelial markers indicated heightened inflammatory responses in wound bed and border subregions and reduced wound bed epithelialization. In summary, chronic wounds from diverse anatomical sites share common aspects of wound pathophysiology but also exhibit distinct molecular differences. These unique molecular characteristics present promising opportunities for drug discovery and treatment, particularly for patients suffering from chronic wounds. The identified diagnostic markers hold the potential to enhance preclinical and clinical trials in the field of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Kreutzer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Department of PathologyAnaPath Services GmbHLiestalSwitzerland
| | | | - Svenja Ley
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thierry Flandre
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Harvantis Pharma Consulting LtdLondonUK
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Research and Development CoordinatorELI TechGroup Corso SvizzeraTorinoItaly
| | - Rishika Pandya
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Discovery Data ScienceGSK VaccinesSienaItaly
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Laure Bouchez
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Therapeutics Department, Executive in ResidenceGeneral InceptionBaselSwitzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - David Westhead
- Leeds Institute of Data AnalyticsUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Gabriele Hintzen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational ScienceAffimed GmbHMannheimGermany
| | - Giorgia Jurisic
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Imtiaz Hossain
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nenad Manevski
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational PKPD and Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, pREDF. Hoffmann‐La Roche AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Pierre Moulin
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Annette Begrich
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Roland Huber
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Vickie R. Driver
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- INOVA HealthcareWound Healing and Hyperbaric CentersFalls ChurchVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Dirk Schaefer
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Reto Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
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Kawamura T, Tomari H, Onoyama I, Araki H, Yasunaga M, Lin C, Kawamura K, Yokota N, Yoshida S, Yagi H, Asanoma K, Sonoda K, Egashira K, Ito T, Kato K. Identification of genes associated with endometrial cell ageing. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaaa078. [PMID: 33258951 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing of the uterine endometrium is a critical factor that affects reproductive success, but the mechanisms associated with uterine ageing are unclear. In this study, we conducted a qualitative examination of age-related changes in endometrial tissues and identified candidate genes as markers for uterine ageing. Gene expression patterns were assessed by two RNA-sequencing experiments using uterine tissues from wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Gene expression data obtained by RNA-sequencing were validated by real-time PCR. Genes expressing the pro-inflammatory cytokines Il17rb and chemokines Cxcl12 and Cxcl14 showed differential expression between aged WT mice and a group of mice composed of 5- and 8-week-old WT (young) animals. Protein expression levels of the above-mentioned genes and of IL8, which functions downstream of IL17RB, were analysed by quantitative immunohistochemistry of unaffected human endometrium tissue samples from patients in their 20s and 40s (10 cases each). In the secretory phase samples, 3,3'- diaminobenzidine staining intensities of IL17RB, CXCL12 and CXCL14 for patients in their 40s were significantly higher than that for patients in their 20s, as detected by a Mann-hitney U test. These results suggest that these genes are candidate markers for endometrial ageing and for prediction of age-related infertility, although confirmation of these findings is needed in larger studies involving fertile and infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Onoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yasunaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Cui Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yokota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuko Egashira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Peyster EG, Wang C, Ishola F, Remeniuk B, Hoyt C, Feldman MD, Margulies KB. In Situ Immune Profiling of Heart Transplant Biopsies Improves Diagnostic Accuracy and Rejection Risk Stratification. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:328-340. [PMID: 32368693 PMCID: PMC7188920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing that guideline-directed histologic grading of endomyocardial biopsy tissue samples for rejection surveillance has limited diagnostic accuracy, quantitative, in situ characterization was performed of several important immune cell types in a retrospective cohort of clinical endomyocardial tissue samples. Differences between cases were identified and were grouped by histologic grade versus clinical rejection trajectory, with significantly increased programmed death ligand 1+, forkhead box P3+, and cluster of differentiation 68+ cells suppressed in clinically evident rejections, especially cases with marked clinical-histologic discordance. Programmed death ligand 1+, forkhead box P3+, and cluster of differentiation 68+ cell proportions are also significantly higher in "never-rejection" when compared with "future-rejection." These findings suggest that in situ immune modulators regulate the severity of cardiac allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot G Peyster
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hammond MEH. Immune Cell Profiling and Risk Stratification: Cast a Wider Net. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:341-343. [PMID: 32369041 PMCID: PMC7188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth H. Hammond
- U.T.A.H. Cardiac Transplant Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
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5
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Kaviani R, Londono I, Parent S, Moldovan F, Villemure I. Changes in growth plate extracellular matrix composition and biomechanics following in vitro static versus dynamic mechanical modulation. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2018; 18:81-91. [PMID: 29504583 PMCID: PMC5881133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mechanical modulation parameters on structural proteins biocomposition and mechanical properties of the growth plate. Establishing these parameters is a crucial step in the development of fusionless treatment of scoliosis. In this study, ulna explants from 4-weeks-old (pubertal) swines were used. The biocomposition was characterized using biochemical content evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Mechanical properties were characterized by fitting the data of the stress relaxation curves using a fibril reinforced biphasic model. For the mechanical loading, one static modulation condition and three different dynamic modulation conditions, with similar average stress but different amplitude and frequency values, were performed using a bioreactor. Results showed that static loading triggers a decrease in proteoglycan content and type X collagen in specific zones of the growth plate. These changes can be associated with the observed decrement of permeability in the static group. None of the three conditions evaluated for dynamic modulation affected the growth plate biocomposition and biomechanical responses. Results of this study provides an improved understanding of growth plate responses to mechanical environment, which will be useful in finding the optimal and non-damaging parameters for fusionless treatments based on the mechanical modulation of bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Kaviani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florina Moldovan
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Corresponding author: Isabelle Villemure, Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit Montreal Quebec Canada H3T 1J4 E-mail:
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6
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Ng SB, Fan S, Choo SN, Hoppe M, Mai Phuong H, De Mel S, Jeyasekharan AD. Quantitative Analysis of a Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Panel in T-Cell Lymphoma. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:252-258. [PMID: 29241019 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317747197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides clinically useful information on protein expression in cancer cells. However, quantification of colocalizing signals using conventional IHC and visual scores is challenging. Here we describe the application of quantitative immunofluorescence in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), a peripheral T-cell lymphoma characterized by cellular heterogeneity that impedes IHC interpretation and quantification. A multiplexed immunofluorescence (IF) panel comprising T- and B-lymphocyte markers along with T-follicular helper (TFH) markers was validated for appropriate cellular localization in sections of benign tonsillar tissue and tested in two samples of AITL, using a Vectra microscope for spectral imaging and InForm software for analysis. We measured the percentage positivity of the TFH markers, BCL6 and PD1, in AITL CD4-positive cells to be approximately 26% and 45%, with 12% coexpressing both markers. The pattern is similar to CD4 cells within the germinal center of normal tonsils and clearly distinct from extragerminal CD4 cells. This study demonstrates the feasibility of automated and quantitative imaging of a multiplexed panel of cellular markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of a cellularly heterogenous lymphoma. Multiplexed IF allows the simultaneous scoring of markers in malignant and immune cell populations and could potentially increase accuracy for establishment of diagnostic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok-Bian Ng
- 1 Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,2 Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore.,3 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuangyi Fan
- 1 Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shoa-Nian Choo
- 1 Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,2 Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michal Hoppe
- 3 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoang Mai Phuong
- 3 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay De Mel
- 4 Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- 3 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,4 Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
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Ghiciuc CM, Strat AL, Ochiuz L, Lupusoru CE, Ignat M, Vasile A, Grigorovici A, Stoleriu I, Solcan C. Inhibition of bcl-2 and cox-2 Protein Expression after Local Application of a New Carmustine-Loaded Clinoptilolite-Based Delivery System in a Chemically Induced Skin Cancer Model in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112014. [PMID: 29156646 PMCID: PMC6150160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research has focused on in vitro and in vivo evaluations of a new Carmustine (BCNU)-loaded clinoptilolite-based delivery system. Two clinoptilolite ionic forms-hydrogen form (HCLI) and sodium form (NaCLI)-were prepared, allowing a loading degree of about 5-6 mg BCNU/g of zeolite matrix due to the dual porous feature of clinoptilolite. Clinoptilolite-based delivery systems released 35.23% of the load in 12 h for the BCNU@HCLI system and only 10.82% for the BCNU@NaCLI system. The BCNU@HCLI system was chosen to develop gel and cream semisolid dosage forms. The cream (C_BCNU@HCLI) released 29.6% of the loaded BCNU after 12 h in the Nylon synthetic membrane test and 31.6% in the collagen membrane test, higher by comparison to the gel. The new cream was evaluated in vivo in a chemically induced model of skin cancer in mice. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis showed stronger inhibition of B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2) protein expression, known markers for cancer survival and aggressiveness, after the treatment with C_BCNU@HCLI by comparison to all the control treatment types, including an off-label magistral formula commercially available Carmustine cream as reference, bringing evidence that a clinoptilolite-based delivery systems could be used as a cancer drug carriers and controlled release systems (skin-targeted topical delivery systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Aurel Lulu Strat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Hospital of Infectious Diseases "Saint Parascheva", 2, Octav Botez Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Lacramioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Catalina Elena Lupusoru
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Maria Ignat
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University, 11, Blvd. Carol the 1st, 700560 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Aurelia Vasile
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University, 11, Blvd. Carol the 1st, 700560 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Grigorovici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Iulian Stoleriu
- Faculty of Mathematics, "Al. I. Cuza" University, 11, Blvd. Carol the 1st, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine "Ion Ionescu de la Brad", 8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania.
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8
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Eaton SL, Cumyn E, King D, Kline RA, Carpanini SM, Del-Pozo J, Barron R, Wishart TM. Quantitative imaging of tissue sections using infrared scanning technology. J Anat 2015; 228:203-13. [PMID: 26510706 PMCID: PMC4694169 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of immunohistochemically (IHC) labelled tissue sections typically yields semi‐quantitative results. Visualising infrared (IR) ‘tags’, with an appropriate scanner, provides an alternative system where the linear nature of the IR fluorophore emittance enables realistic quantitative fluorescence IHC (QFIHC). Importantly, this new technology enables entire tissue sections to be scanned, allowing accurate area and protein abundance measurements to be calculated from rapidly acquired images. Here, some of the potential benefits of using IR‐based tissue imaging are examined, and the following are demonstrated. Firstly, image capture and analysis using IR‐based scanning technology yields comparable area‐based quantification to those obtained from a modern high‐resolution digital slide scanner. Secondly, IR‐based dual target visualisation and expression‐based quantification is rapid and simple. Thirdly, IR‐based relative protein abundance QIHC measurements are an accurate reflection of tissue sample protein abundance, as demonstrated by comparison with quantitative fluorescent Western blotting data. In summary, it is proposed that IR‐based QFIHC provides an alternative method of rapid whole‐tissue section low‐resolution imaging for the production of reliable and accurate quantitative data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Cumyn
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Declan King
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel A Kline
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rona Barron
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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9
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Hamodeh S, Baizer J, Sugihara I, Sultan F. Systematic analysis of neuronal wiring of the rodent deep cerebellar nuclei reveals differences reflecting adaptations at the neuronal circuit and internuclear levels. J Comp Neurol 2015; 522:2481-97. [PMID: 24477707 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A common view of the architecture of different brain regions is that, despite their heterogeneity, they have optimized their wiring schemes to make maximal use of space. Based on experimental findings, computational models have delineated how about two-thirds of the neuropil is filled out with dendrites and axons optimizing cable costs and conduction time while keeping the connectivity at the highest level. However, whether this assumption can be generalized to all brain regions has not yet been tested. Here we quantified and charted the components of the neuropil in the four deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of the rat's brain. We segmented and traced the neuropil stained with one of two antibodies, one antibody against dendritic microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2a,b) and the second against the Purkinje cell axons (PCP2). We compared fiber length density, average fiber diameter, and volume fraction within different components of the DCN in a random, systematic fashion. We observed differences in dendritic and axonal fiber length density, average fiber diameters, and volume fraction within the four different nuclei that make up the DCN. We observe a relative increase in the length density of dendrites and Purkinje cell axons in two of the DCN, namely, the posterior interposed nucleus and the lateral nucleus. Furthermore, the DCN have a surprisingly low volume fraction of their dendritic length density, which we propose is related to their special circuitry. In summary, our results show previously unappreciated functional adaptations among these nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Hamodeh
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, HIH for Clinical Brain Research, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Goncharuk VD, Buijs RM, Jhamandas JH, Swaab DF. The hypothalamic neuropeptide FF network is impaired in hypertensive patients. Brain Behav 2014; 4:453-67. [PMID: 25161813 PMCID: PMC4075637 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human hypothalamus contains the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) neurochemical network. Animal experiments demonstrated that NPFF is implicated in the central cardiovascular regulation. We therefore studied expression of this peptide in the hypothalamus of individuals who suffered from essential hypertension (n = 8) and died suddenly due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and compared to that of healthy individuals (controls) (n = 6) who died abruptly due to mechanical trauma of the chest. METHODS The frozen right part of the hypothalamus was cut coronally into serial sections of 20 μm thickness, and each tenth section was stained immunohistochemically using antibody against NPFF. The central section through each hypothalamic nucleus was characterized by the highest intensity of NPFF immunostaining and thus was chosen for quantitative densitometry. RESULTS In hypertensive patients, the area occupied by NPFF immunostained neuronal elements in the central sections through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pa), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), perinuclear zone (PNZ) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), dorso- (DMH), ventromedial (VMH) nuclei, and perifornical nucleus (PeF) was dramatically decreased compared to controls, ranging about six times less in the VMH to 15 times less in the central part of the BST (BSTC). The NPFF innervation of both nonstained neuronal profiles and microvasculature was extremely poor in hypertensive patients compared to control. CONCLUSIONS The decreased NPFF expression in the hypothalamus of hypertensive patients might be a cause of impairment of its interaction with other neurochemical systems, and thereby might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri D Goncharuk
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam ZO, 1105 BA, The Netherlands ; Russian Cardiology Research Center Moscow, 121552, Russia ; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Jack H Jhamandas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam ZO, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
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11
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Bag S, Conjeti S, Das RK, Pal M, Anura A, Paul RR, Ray AK, Sengupta S, Chatterjee J. Computational analysis of p63(+) nuclei distribution pattern by graph theoretic approach in an oral pre-cancer (sub-mucous fibrosis). J Pathol Inform 2013; 4:35. [PMID: 24524001 PMCID: PMC3908487 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pre-cancerous condition with features of chronic, inflammatory and progressive sub-epithelial fibrotic disorder of the buccal mucosa. In this study, malignant potentiality of OSF has been assessed by quantification of immunohistochemical expression of epithelial prime regulator-p63 molecule in correlation to its malignant (oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and normal counterpart [normal oral mucosa [NOM]). Attributes of spatial extent and distribution of p63+ expression in the epithelium have been investigated. Further, a correlated assessment of histopathological attributes inferred from H&E staining and their mathematical counterparts (molecular pathology of p63) have been proposed. The suggested analytical framework envisaged standardization of the immunohistochemistry evaluation procedure for the molecular marker, using computer-aided image analysis, toward enhancing its prognostic value. Subjects and Methods: In histopathologically confirmed OSF, OSCC and NOM tissue sections, p63+ nuclei were localized and segmented by identifying regional maxima in plateau-like intensity spatial profiles of nuclei. The clustered nuclei were localized and segmented by identifying concave points in the morphometry and by marker-controlled watersheds. Voronoi tessellations were constructed around nuclei centroids and mean values of spatial-relation metrics such as tessellation area, tessellation perimeter, roundness factor and disorder of the area were extracted. Morphology and extent of expression are characterized by area, diameter, perimeter, compactness, eccentricity and density, fraction of p63+ expression and expression distance of p63+ nuclei. Results: Correlative framework between histopathological features characterizing malignant potentiality and their quantitative p63 counterparts was developed. Statistical analyses of mathematical trends were evaluated between different biologically relevant combinations: (i) NOM to oral submucous fibrosis without dysplasia (OSFWT) (ii) NOM to oral submucous fibrosis with dysplasia (OSFWD) (iii) OSFWT-OSFWD (iv) OSFWD-OSCC. Significant histopathogical correlates and their corroborative mathematical features, inferred from p63 staining, were also investigated into. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment and correlative analysis identified mathematical features related to hyperplasia, cellular stratification, differentiation and maturation, shape and size, nuclear crowding and nucleocytoplasmic ratio. It is envisaged that this approach for analyzing the p63 expression and its distribution pattern may help to establish it as a quantitative bio-marker to predict the malignant potentiality and progression. The proposed work would be a value addition to the gold standard by incorporating an observer-independent framework for the associated molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Bag
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Raunak Kumar Das
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mousami Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anji Anura
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ranjan Rashmi Paul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajoy Kumar Ray
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Hu JJ, Ambrus A, Fossum TW, Miller MW, Humphrey JD, Wilson E. Time courses of growth and remodeling of porcine aortic media during hypertension: a quantitative immunohistochemical examination. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 56:359-70. [PMID: 18071063 PMCID: PMC2326104 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.7a7324.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteries undergo marked structural and functional changes in human and experimental hypertension that generally involve smooth muscle cell (SMC) hypertrophy/hyperplasia as well as abnormal extracellular matrix turnover. In this study we examined time courses of changes in SMC activity and matrix protein content in a novel mini-pig aortic coarctation model. Cell proliferation was evaluated by immunostaining of Ki-67, apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL, and phenotypic changes were monitored by immunostaining three SMC contractile markers (caldesmon, calponin, and smoothelin). Changes in medial collagen and elastin were examined by picrosirius red and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining, respectively. LabVIEW-based image analysis routines were developed to objectively and efficiently quantify the (immuno)histochemical results. We found that significant cell proliferation and matrix production occurred in the early stages of this coarctation model and then declined gradually; the SMCs also tended to exhibit a less contractile phenotype following these cellular and extracellular changes. Specifically, different aspects of the phenotypic changes associated with hypertension occurred at different rates: cell proliferation and collagen production occurred early and peaked by 2 weeks, whereas changes in contractile protein expression continued to decrease over the entire 8-week study period. Temporal changes found in this study emphasize the importance of simultaneously tracing time courses of SMC growth and differentiation as well as matrix protein production and content. SMCs are multifunctional, and caution must be used to not overdefine phenotype. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jia Hu
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Reynolds Medical Building, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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Dolled-Filhart MP, Rimm DL, Stroobant P. Quantitative in situ cancer proteomics: molecular pathology comes of age with automated tissue microarray analysis. Per Med 2005; 2:291-300. [PMID: 29788575 DOI: 10.2217/17410541.2.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays provide a high-throughput method for assessing a large number of samples by incorporating small cores of tissue into an array that can fit onto one microscope slide. Analyses of tissue microarrays were previously limited by semiquantitative protein expression analysis using brown stain (chromagen-based) methods. These methods are imperfect for protein expression analyses because of a smaller dynamic range and decreased ability for multiplexing many markers, as compared with objective in situ quantitation of protein expression in tumor samples with fluorescence microscopy by a new technology called Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA™). By using AQUA analysis, tissue microarrays can serve a unique role as both a discovery tool and as a validation tool for nucleic-acid expression profiling-based target discoveries with results equivalent to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitation. The identification of novel prognostic markers can identify subsets of patients at high or low risk upon diagnosis, as well as new targets for potential future therapeutic development or metastatic disease treatment decisions. Thus, AQUA provides an unparalleled opportunity to advance personalized medicine through its ability to multiplex, quantitate and localize in situ protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa P Dolled-Filhart
- HistoRx, Inc., 300 George St.New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; www.historx.com.,Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brady Memorial Laboratory, Room 165, 310 Cedar St., PO Box 208023 New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
| | - David L Rimm
- HistoRx, Inc., 300 George St.New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; www.historx.com.,Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brady Memorial Laboratory, Room 165, 310 Cedar St., PO Box 208023 New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
| | - Paul Stroobant
- HistoRx, Inc., 300 George St.New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; www.historx.com.,Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brady Memorial Laboratory, Room 165, 310 Cedar St., PO Box 208023 New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
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Sutoo D, Akiyama K, Yabe K. Quantitative maps of GAbAergic and glutamatergic neuronal systems in the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2000; 11:93-103. [PMID: 11061336 PMCID: PMC6872118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal systems in adult normal human brains were shown quantitatively and in detail through the distributions of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), respectively. Consecutive coronal sections containing part of the striatum and the substantia nigra were obtained from the right hemisphere of three deceased persons with no history of neurological or psychiatric diseases and were stained immunohistochemically for GAD and GDH. Each stained section was divided into approximately 3 million microareas and the immunohistochemical fluorescence intensity in each area was measured by a human brain mapping analyzer, which is a microphotometry system for analysis of the distribution of neurochemicals in a large tissue slice. In the analyzed brain regions, conspicuously intense GAD-like immunoreactivity was observed in the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, and hypothalamus. GDH was widely and rather evenly distributed in the gray matter compared to GAD, although intense GDH-like immunoreactivity was observed in the lateral geniculate nucleus and substantia nigra. Within the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus, and other regions, characteristic distributions of GAD- and GDH-like immunoreactivity were found. We believe that the analysis of the human brain by this novel technique can help to understand the functional distribution of neuronal systems in the normal human brain and may be able to identify abnormal changes in the diseased human brain. It can also provide basic data to help in the interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sutoo
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
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Guillaud M, Matthews JB, Harrison A, MacAulay C, Skov K. A novel image cytometric method for quantitation of immunohistochemical staining of cytoplasmic antigens. Anal Cell Pathol 1997; 14:87-99. [PMID: 9313824 PMCID: PMC4617584 DOI: 10.1155/1997/457297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of molecular markers by immunohistochemical labelling of tissue sections has traditionally been performed by qualitative assessment by trained pathologists. For those markers with a staining component present outside of the nucleus, there has been no image histometric method available to reliably and consistently define cell interfaces within the tissue. We present a new method of approximating cellular boundaries to define cellular regions within which quantitative measurements of staining intensity may be made. The method is based upon Voronoi tessellation of a defined region of interest (ROI), and requires only the position of the nuclear centroids within the ROI. Here we describe the VORSTAIN software which has been developed based on the Oncometrics CytoSavant Automated Image Cytometry System. To demonstrate this technique, human breast cancer sections immunohistochemically stained for bcl-2 protein and counter-stained with nuclear methyl green stain were evaluated. Intra-observer variation in the measured values was between 1.5-2.6% and inter-observer variation was between 1.8-4.4%. The primary source of variability was due to difficulties in interpreting the exact position of the nuclear centroids. Analysis of mean staining densities for each slide correlated well with subjective scoring performed by two independent pathologists. Using VORSTAIN, significant variation of staining intensities between regions within the same slide was measured for some sections, indicating a large degree of heterogeneity within the tumours. The ability to accurately quantitate the degree of heterogeneity of molecular marker expression within tumours may be a valuable tool in prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guillaud
- Cancer Imaging Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
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