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Keenan E, Morris R, Vasiliou VS, Thompson AR. A qualitative feasibility and acceptability study of an acceptance and commitment-based bibliotherapy intervention for people with cancer. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:410-424. [PMID: 38158736 PMCID: PMC11005316 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231216017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-directed bibliotherapy interventions can be effective means of psychological support for individuals with cancer, yet mixed findings as to the efficacy of these interventions indicate the need for further research. We investigated the experience of individuals with cancer after using a new self-help book, based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Ten participants with cancer (nine females and one male, 40-89 years old) were given access to a bibliotherapy self-help ACT-based book and participated in post-intervention semi-structured interviews. Five themes were generated from reflexive thematic analysis: (1) The value of bibliotherapy (2) Timing is important (3) Resonating with cancer experiences (4) Tools of the book (5) ACT in action. The book was found to be acceptable (self-directed, accessible, understandable content, good responsiveness to exercises) and feasible (easy to use, ACT-consistent). Although not explicitly evaluated, participants' reports indicated defusion, present moment awareness, and consideration of values, as the ACT processes that contributed to adjustment, via helping them to regain control over their lives and become more present within the moment. Findings also indicate that the intervention may be best accessed following completion of initial medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Keenan
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and Cardiff University
| | - Reg Morris
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and Cardiff University
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2
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Redman H, Melendez-Torres GJ, Bethel A, Green J. The impact of school-based creative bibliotherapy interventions on child and adolescent mental health: a systematic review and realist synthesis protocol. Syst Rev 2024; 13:86. [PMID: 38481339 PMCID: PMC10936023 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to identify evidence-based interventions to be delivered in schools that can be used to improve child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Creative bibliotherapy is one proposed intervention. However, there has been, to date, no comprehensive assessment of the evidence for its impact on mental health and wellbeing. To fill this gap, we will conduct a systematic review and realist synthesis. METHODS A systematic search of the bibliographic databases APA PsycINFO, Medline (via Ovid), CINAHL, ERIC, Education Research Complete (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science (SCI, SSCI, AHCI, ESCI) for school-based creative bibliotherapy interventions on child and adolescent mental health. Types of study to be included: cohort studies, non-randomised comparative evaluations, randomised controlled trials. The data from all included studies will be summarised descriptively and strength of evidence appraised. This is a potentially large field of practice, with heterogeneous interventions; we will use methods from intervention components analysis to describe and categorise the range of components and approaches used in included interventions. To understand how interventions work and in which contexts, we will use methods from realist synthesis to develop an exploratory account of mechanisms in different settings and for different young people (contexts). DISCUSSION Findings will assess the range of evidence for the impact of creative bibliotherapy on child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing, the strength of evidence for the impact identified, and describe potential mechanisms. This review will be useful for a wide range of stakeholders considering implementing or developing interventions using creative bibliotherapy in school-based settings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ), registration number CRD42023410333. This review is funded by Wellcome Trust (221457/Z/20/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Redman
- Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - G J Melendez-Torres
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison Bethel
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC) University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Judith Green
- Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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3
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Winter HR, Norton AR, Burley JL, Wootton BM. Remote cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 100:102787. [PMID: 37890219 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Remote cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) has the potential to improve access to treatment by reducing economic, geographic, and psychological barriers. The aim of this study was to use a meta-analytic approach to examine the efficacy of the different remote CBT methods for treating SAD. A systematic electronic database search was used to identify 31 studies (n = 2905; mean age range: 24.73-41.65 years; mean female representation = 60.2 %). Pooled within-group analyses indicated large effect sizes from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Hedges' g = 1.06; 95 % CI: 0.96-1.16) and pre-treatment to follow up (g = 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.03-1.33) for remote CBT. Internet-delivered CBT (g = 1.08; 95 % CI: 0.98-1.19) and application-delivered CBT (g = 1.19; 95 % CI: 0.75-1.64) produced large within-group effect sizes. Bibliotherapy-delivered CBT (g = 0.79; 95 % CI: 0.45-1.13) produced medium within-group effect sizes. Pooled between-group findings indicate that remote CBT treatments were more effective than passive control (g = 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.70-1.03) and non-CBT remote treatments (g = 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.17-0.66), and were at least as effective, or slightly more effective, than face-to-face CBT treatments (g = 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.14-0.54). These findings have important implications for the dissemination of remote and stepped-care treatments for SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halaina R Winter
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alice R Norton
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jade L Burley
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bethany M Wootton
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Setiawan E, Padillah R, Karno A, Aditama MHR. Reevaluating self-help digital bibliotherapy: is it still relevant in an era of declining reading interest among adolescents in recovery? J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e844-e845. [PMID: 37460400 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edi Setiawan
- Universitas Negeri Malang, 65114, Indonesia
- Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, 80238, Indonesia
| | - Raup Padillah
- Universitas Negeri Malang, 65114, Indonesia
- Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, 41482, Indonesia
| | - Arizona Karno
- Universitas Negeri Malang, 65114, Indonesia
- Universitas PGRI, Palembang 30263, Indonesia
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5
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Septiana NZ, Atmoko A, Muslihati M, Hidayah N, Ramli M. Self-help digital bibliotherapy to support the emotional well-being of patients in a recovery session. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e787-e788. [PMID: 37309227 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nila Zaimatus Septiana
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
- Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri, Indonesia, Kediri 64127, Indonesia
| | - Adi Atmoko
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - M Muslihati
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nur Hidayah
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - M Ramli
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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6
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Hoover E, Bernstein-Ellis E, Meyerson D. Using bibliotherapy to rebuild identity for people with aphasia: A book club experience. J Commun Disord 2023; 105:106363. [PMID: 37517172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2023.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphasia book clubs were developed to support connecting with literature and reading for pleasure within an aphasia-friendly environment. Bibliotherapy is an evidence-based therapeutic approach, in which a book is selected to address the challenges facing the reader. Its aim is to facilitate a deeper understanding of a lived experience in order to promote healing, strategy development, and adjustment. Aphasia book clubs provide an opportunity to discuss books about the challenges associated with aphasia. A recent book, Identity theft: Rediscovering ourselves after stroke recounts the stroke recovery story of Dr. Debra Meyerson and 22 other stroke survivors. Identity Theft focuses on the need to reconstruct positive identities despite remaining disabilities to facilitate rebuilding rewarding lives. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of reading Identity Theft in an aphasia book club for people with aphasia (PwA). METHOD 27 PwA read the book Identity Theft in one of four online aphasia book clubs offered by two universities. Weekly discussions were facilitated by graduate SLP students under the supervision of experienced clinicians. At the end of the 10 week program, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants to understand the lived experience. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the interview data generated four main themes and 13 subthemes. The main themes included: Mechanism for Reflection, Power of Community, Engaged Learning, and Therapeutic Environment. Interview extracts illustrate the way these themes support increasing self-efficacy and rebuilding a positive identity. CONCLUSION The themes align positively with outcomes associated with the bibliotherapy process. Themes also integrate into a self-management model that promotes self-efficacy through education, support, awareness, problem solving and goal setting. Caveats included determining participant readiness to examine recovery issues and facilitator preparation. Aphasia book clubs surrounding psychosocial texts may help PwA reconstruct a positive post-stroke identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hoover
- Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, United States.
| | - Ellen Bernstein-Ellis
- Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, California State University, East Bay, United States
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Weaver MS, Pennarola BW, Fry A, Wiener L. How I approach the use of bibliotherapy in caring for children with oncologic and hematologic conditions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29780. [PMID: 35615889 PMCID: PMC9329224 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bibliotherapy utilizes storybook readings to foster expressive therapy for children. Storybooks represent a readily available yet underutilized support tool in pediatric hematology and oncology care settings. Storybooks can help explain a new diagnosis, treatment plan, body changes, and identity adjustment in a relatable way for patients to then have a safe space to process questions and emotions. This paper serves as a "how to" guide for clinicians to consider bibliotherapy for a patient, select suitable book options, and introduce and incorporate bibliotherapy as part of comprehensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghann S Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
- National Center for Ethics in Healthcare, Washington DC, USA
| | - Brian W Pennarola
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori Wiener
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Wang S, Cheung DSK, Bressington D, Li Y, Leung AYM. The Development of an Evidence-Based Telephone-Coached Bibliotherapy Protocol for Improving Dementia Caregiving Appraisal. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19148731. [PMID: 35886582 PMCID: PMC9317862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caregiving appraisal is the caregivers’ cognitive evaluation of caregiving stressors. It determines the caregiving outcomes and caregiver health. Dementia caregivers have shown relatively negative caregiving appraisals. However, there is a lack of interventions to improve caregiving appraisal. This study describes the multi-phase process of developing and validating an evidence-based bibliotherapy protocol for improving the caregiving appraisal of informal caregivers of people with dementia. Two phases were included in the development: In Phase 1, a series of reviews of theory and evidence were conducted to identify the theoretical underpinnings, the core components, the dosage, and the mode of delivery of evidence-based bibliotherapy. In Phase 2, focus groups consisting of an expert panel of 16 clinicians and academics were used to validate the intervention protocol. Evidence synthesis was used in Phase 1 to formulate a draft intervention protocol. Content analysis was used in Phase 2 to work out the principles to revise the intervention protocol. The validated evidence-based bibliotherapy protocol included eight weekly sessions, and each session targeted improving one aspect of the essential factors that influence caregiving appraisal. This study provided a culturally sensitive and contextually appropriate evidence-based bibliotherapy protocol ready to be tested in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- WHO Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, #101 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Daphne Sze Ki Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.K.C.); (A.Y.M.L.); Tel.: +852-2766-4534 (D.S.K.C.); +852-2766-5587 (A.Y.M.L.)
| | - Daniel Bressington
- College of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina 0815, Australia;
| | - Yan Li
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Angela Yee Man Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- WHO Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.K.C.); (A.Y.M.L.); Tel.: +852-2766-4534 (D.S.K.C.); +852-2766-5587 (A.Y.M.L.)
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9
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Zhang H, Chen Z, Zhang J, Zhou X, Li S, Ren H. Effects of Developmental Bibliotherapy on Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:15-22. [PMID: 35191766 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220215-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to create a developmental bibliotherapy material database (DBMD) and examine the effectiveness of developmental bibliotherapy on subjective well-being of older adults living in nursing homes. Based on the reading needs of older adults, we developed a DBMD, which included 327 materials with five themes: Health Care, Current Affairs and Politics, Historical Biographies, Geriatric Culture, and Psychological Adjustment. Fifty-four single materials were randomly selected from the DBMD to perform the intervention. This study used a quasi-experimental, single-group pre-/post-survey approach. Sixty-four older adults participated in the study for 6 weeks. Immediately before and after the intervention, older adults completed the Optimism-Pessimism Scale and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness. There were significant improvements in older adults' optimistic tendency and subjective well-being (p < 0.05). Reading materials in the DBMD promoted older adults' optimistic attitude toward life, reduced negative emotions, and improved subjective well-being. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Brewster L, McNicol S. Bibliotherapy in practice: a person-centred approach to using books for mental health and dementia in the community. Med Humanit 2021; 47:e12. [PMID: 33060327 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2020-011898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bibliotherapy is the use of texts to provide support for people with mental and physical health problems. It is widely seen to have beneficial outcomes but there is still disagreement about how best to deliver bibliotherapy in practice. This article explores one method of delivering bibliotherapy which has evolved over the past 20 years in the North of England, the Kirklees approach. Using a multimethod qualitative research design including reflective observations, interviews and document analysis, the article examines how bibliotherapy has been delivered to people with mental health problems and dementia in a volunteer-led scheme. As an inherently flexible and adaptable approach, bibliotherapy in practice in Kirklees is best defined by its ethos, rather than a prescriptive list of its activities, as is the case for many alternative approaches to bibliotherapy. It is an approach to bibliotherapy which is person-centred; avoids value judgements of texts and responses to them; is often co-produced with group participants; is about making a contribution (in a variety of ways); and emphasises social connection. This separates it from other current models of bibliotherapy operating in the UK, and demonstrates how it may be tailored to the requirements of those experiencing diverse mental and physical health conditions. A more responsive form of bibliotherapy, as outlined here, has the potential to provide support across the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Brewster
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sarah McNicol
- Education and Social Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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11
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Watson C, Cutrer-Párraga EA, Heath M, Miller EE, Young TA, Wilson S. Very Young Child Survivors' Perceptions of Their Father's Suicide: Exploring Bibliotherapy as Postvention Support. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11384. [PMID: 34769898 PMCID: PMC8582906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Each year in the United States, 7000 to 30,000 children experience their parent's suicide. Due to the stigma associated with suicide, feelings of guilt, and intense grief, surviving family members avoid talking about suicide. Over time, children struggle with confusion and intense emotions associated with their parent's suicide. In this study, seven adults, who reported being younger than six years old at the time of their father's suicide, participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Participants' responses highlight the challenges that young children face due to limited memories of their deceased parent. Interviews concluded with an opportunity for participants to review and express their impressions of 10 children's picture books. Participants offered impressions about how these books may or may not be helpful in supporting young child survivors. Implications for applied practice include considering how children's literature may open communication and assist children in navigating Worden's tasks of grief: (a) accepting the reality of their parent's death; (b) facing the grief and pain; (c) adapting to life changes due to their father's suicide, in particular adapting to altered family relationships; and (d) building memories of the deceased loved one, when possible, to ensure healthy attachment to the deceased parent. Participants' insights provide considerations for selecting children's literature for bibliotherapy. Due to young child survivors' increased risk for attempting and completing suicide, supporting child survivors of parent suicide not only addresses postvention needs but aligns with suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortland Watson
- Maricopa Unified School District 1, 44150 W Maricopa-Casa Grande Hwy, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA;
| | | | - Melissa Heath
- Counseling Psychology and Special Education, 340 MCKB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Erica E. Miller
- BYU-Marriott School of Business, N. Eldon Tanner Building (TNRB) Campus, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Terrell A. Young
- Teacher Education, 205 F, McKay School of Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Suzanne Wilson
- Davis School District, 45 E. State St., P.O. Box 588, Farmington, UT 84025, USA;
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Haslam S, King EG. "Medicinable Literature": Bibliotherapy, Literary Caregiving, and the First World War. Lit Med 2021; 39:296-318. [PMID: 34897129 DOI: 10.1353/lm.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histories of bibliotherapy often emphasize the importance of the First World War in stimulating the development of bibliotherapeutic theory and practice. The word itself was used in a 1916 article by the American author Samuel McChord Crothers, while histories of bibliotherapy in the United Kingdom often foreground H. F. Brett-Smith's so-called "fever chart" of therapeutic books for treating shell-shocked soldiers. Despite this, however, we argue that a full account of wartime bibliotherapy (particularly the importance of British hospital libraries in its development) has yet to be told. This article draws on the papers of British military hospital personnel to describe the range of "literary caregiving" supporting the treatment of sick and wounded soldiers during the conflict. It traces the social and professional networks underlying these schemes. Finally, it shows how British volunteer librarians helped develop a specifically medicalized language of caregiving through books, thereby contributing to the early development of bibliotherapy.
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Abstract
Health professions education programs have the ability to educate future healthcare professionals on the technical aspects of medicine and physical function, yet it is difficult to provide students with the skills to effectively communicate with patients. Communication is a critical competency for all healthcare professionals, and it is well-documented that patient-provider communication is an important factor in affecting patient views and care outcomes. In this essay, a program of bibliotherapy, or reading therapy, is explored as a means to teach health professions students to effectively and compassionately communicate with patients. The experience of serving as a bibliotherapist enables students to create bonds that increase empathy and understanding of patient perspectives.
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14
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Körner A, Roberts N, Steele RJ, Brosseau DC, Rosberger Z. A randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of a self-administered psycho-educational intervention for patients with cancer. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:735-741. [PMID: 30545649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bibliotherapy refers to psychological self-help interventions that utilize treatment books to improve psychological well-being. Research supports bibliotherapy as an efficacious intervention for a variety of mental health problems. Yet, few studies have investigated bibliotherapy in psychosocial oncology. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the efficacy of the NuCare intervention, delivered as a self-directed workbook, for enhancing empowerment, coping, and quality of life and reducing distress in patients with cancer. METHODS Eighty-nine adult patients with cancer were randomized to receive the workbook for 6 weeks or the control condition, usual care. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, 6 weeks post-baseline, and 10 weeks post-baseline. RESULTS The increase of empowerment (main outcome) and quality of life and the decrease of distress in the NuCare group from pre-intervention to follow-up assessment differed significantly from the respective difference scores in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The self-administered NuCare workbook is a potentially cost-effective, minimal intervention addressing psychosocial needs of patients with cancer. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Evidence-based bibliotherapy can empower patients and has the promise of reducing the burden on the healthcare system while enhancing the immediacy of psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Körner
- Departments of Educational and Counselling Psychology and of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Louise Granofsky Psychosocial Oncology Program, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Psychosocial Oncology Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nicole Roberts
- Counselling Services, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell J Steele
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Zeev Rosberger
- Louise Granofsky Psychosocial Oncology Program, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Departments of Psychology, Oncology and Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Gilbert N, Bellemare J, Vaugeois G. [Not Available]. Sante Ment Que 2019; 44:105-110. [PMID: 32338681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Gilbert
- Centre intégré universitaire de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre du Québec
| | - Julie Bellemare
- Centre Régional de santé mentale. Centre intégré universitaire de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre du Québec
| | - Guylaine Vaugeois
- Centre Régional de santé mentale. Direction de l'enseignement universitaire, de la recherche et de l'innovation. Centre intégré universitaire de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre du Québec
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Szabó J, Sipos M. Training the recognition of emotions based on bibliotherapy techniques. Psychiatr Danub 2018; 30:380-383. [PMID: 30235176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The deficit of mentalisation skills is a well-known phenomenon in schizophrenia. In our study, patients with schizophrenia underwent an 8-session training. The procedure was based on bibliotherapy, and we associated each basic emotion identified by Ekman with a short story that gave a striking description of that emotion. After we read the stories together, the participants were given a collection of face portrait photos and they were asked to pick the one that illustrated the emotional state of the characters. They were also asked to recall a personal memory when they felt the same way. We used the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' (RMET) test to assess the efficiency of our method. The one-sample t-test we performed to compare the pre- and post-training values detected a significant difference (p=0.000608<0.05). The control group of patients with schizophrenia who did not undergo the training presented no significant difference between the two RMET tests performed 2 weeks apart (p=0.467). However, the two-sample t-test performed on the individual changes in RMET results in the study and control groups did detect a significant difference (p=0.000786<0.005). Our results suggest that the mentalisation deficit of people suffering from schizophrenia can be decreased, therefore their communicative and adaptive skills can be developed or at least the deterioration of these skills can be slowed down.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- St. Raphael's Hospital in Zala County, Psychiatry Department, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary,
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Abstract
Crime is a popular genre of fiction, widely read but sometimes seen as 'throwaway'. Disregarding this type of fiction because it is seen as low quality does not take into account its value to readers. Reading has been established as a means of improving mental health and well-being-often known as bibliotherapy. This often focuses on fiction considered to have literary merit rather than genre fiction like crime. However, in framing therapeutic reading in this way, the impact of texts considered to have low cultural value such as crime has been concealed. Examining readers' responses as a starting point identifies some reasons why crime fiction fulfils a need. Readers in an empirical study spoke about the strong narrative as a distraction, the predictability as a comfort and the safe distance from events as a reassurance that left them feeling that reading crime fiction was a refuge from the world. In exploring readers' responses in relation to the academic literature, the paper argues that there is a need to think differently about how readers engage with texts and how they experience reading as therapeutic, with a role for fiction like crime.
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Floyd M, Rohen N, Shackelford JAM, Hubbard KL, Parnell MB, Scogin F, Coates A. Two-Year Follow-Up of Bibliotherapy and Individual Cognitive Therapy for Depressed Older Adults. Behav Modif 2016; 30:281-94. [PMID: 16574815 DOI: 10.1177/0145445503261176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the stability of treatment gains after receiving either cognitive bibliotherapy or individual cognitive psychotherapy for depression in older adults. A 2-year follow-up of 23 participants from Floyd, Scogin, McKendree-Smith, Floyd, and Rokke (2004) was conducted by comparing pre-and posttreatment scores with follow-up scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results indicated that treatment gains from baseline to the 2-year follow-up period were maintained on the HRSD and GDS, and there was not a significant decline from posttreatment to follow-up. There were no significant differences between the treatments on the GDS or HRSD at the 2-year follow-up; however, bibliotherapy participants had significantly more recurrences of depression during the follow-up period.
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Gonzalez VM, Dulin PL. Comparison of a smartphone app for alcohol use disorders with an Internet-based intervention plus bibliotherapy: A pilot study. J Consult Clin Psychol 2015; 83:335-45. [PMID: 25622202 DOI: 10.1037/a0038620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, no research has evaluated the efficacy of a stand-alone, smartphone-based intervention for individuals with an alcohol use disorder. The current pilot study evaluated the short-term outcomes of a smartphone-based intervention for alcohol use disorders compared with an Internet-based brief motivational intervention plus bibliotherapy. METHOD Adults (18 to 45 years old) with an alcohol use disorder received either the Location-Based Monitoring and Intervention for Alcohol Use Disorders (LBMI-A; n = 28), a smartphone-based intervention, or the online Drinker's Check-up plus bibliotherapy (DCU + bib; n = 26). These groups were compared using the Timeline Followback interview for percent days abstinent (PDA), percent heavy drinking days (PHDD), and drinks per week (DPW) from baseline to 6 weeks after the introduction of the interventions. RESULTS Multilevel models revealed that the LBMI-A resulted in a significant increase in PDA over the course of the study, whereas the DCU + bib did not. Effect sizes for change from baseline for PDA suggest that the DCU + bib resulted in moderate a decrease, whereas the LBMI-A resulted in a large increase in PDA. Both interventions resulted in significant decreases in PHDD and DPW. The LBMI-A produced larger reductions in the first 3 to 4 weeks after the intervention was introduced than the DCU + bib. On weeks with greater LBMI-A usage, participants reported less DPW and PHDD. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions resulted in significant decreases in alcohol use over the 6-week trial, which is promising for stand-alone technology-based intervention systems aimed at individuals with an alcohol use disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Muschalla B, Glatz J, Linden M. Bibliotherapy on coping with illness improves health literacy but not heart-related anxiety of patients in cardiological rehabilitation. Psychother Psychosom 2014; 82:349-50. [PMID: 23941802 DOI: 10.1159/000350449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cornish P, Church E, Callanan T, Bethune C, Younghusband L. Self-help is no help: negative study results lead to important lessons. Can J Rural Med 2014; 19:111-113. [PMID: 24991864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Rodríguez-Martín BC, Gómez-Quintana A, Díaz-Martínez G, Molerio-Pérez O. Bibliotherapy and food cravings control. Appetite 2013; 65:90-5. [PMID: 23415983 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of self-help manuals or bibliotherapy could be an effective resource to treat obesity, but their effects on the elaborative processes of food cravings remain unclear. The present study examined whether bibliotherapy can effectively reduce food cravings in an overweight and obese adult population. 80 participants were randomly allocated either to the Self-help Manual group or the Intention-control group. They had to apply each resource over a period of 3 months whenever they felt a craving arise. During the baseline period most of the participants reported grazing as the main cause of their weight gain. Compared to baseline, the results of the third month of the follow-up revealed that intentions had paradoxical effects on food thought suppression, preoccupation with food, negative affect and guilty feelings; but the Self-help Manual promoted positive changes on the food cravings trait and its dimensions, food thoughts suppression, emotional and behavioural reactions to intrusions and BMI. These findings suggest that the Self-help Manual could be useful in reducing food cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris C Rodríguez-Martín
- Faculty of Psychology, Central University Marta Abreu of Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera de Camajuaní, Km 5½, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, CP 54830, Cuba.
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Rohde P, Stice E, Gau JM, Marti CN. Reduced substance use as a secondary benefit of an indicated cognitive-behavioral adolescent depression prevention program. Psychol Addict Behav 2012; 26:599-608. [PMID: 22564206 PMCID: PMC3457800 DOI: 10.1037/a0028269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our first aim was to test whether a group cognitive-behavioral (CB) depression prevention program reduces substance use escalation over 2-year follow-up relative to two active comparison interventions and a brochure assessment control. Our second aim examined whether reductions in depressive symptoms mediate intervention effects, as posited by the affect-regulation model of substance use. In this indicated prevention trial, 341 high school adolescents at risk for depression because of the presence of elevated depressive symptoms were randomized to a Group CB intervention, group supportive-expressive group intervention, CB bibliotherapy, or educational brochure control condition. Participants in Group CB had significantly lower rates of substance use compared with brochure control participants at both 1- and 2-year follow-up and lower substance use at 2-year follow-up relative to bibliotherapy participants; no other condition differences were significant. Mediational analyses suggested that reductions in depressive symptoms from baseline to posttest accounted for changes in substance use over 2 years for participants in Group CB relative to brochure control participants but did not mediate effects relative to those receiving bibliotherapy. Results suggest that a secondary benefit of this CB group indicated depression prevention program is lower rates of long-term substance use. Findings supported the hypothesis that, relative to a nonactive comparison condition, reductions in depressive symptoms mediated the effects of Group CB prevention on substance use escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rohde
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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Dowrick C, Billington J, Robinson J, Hamer A, Williams C. Get into Reading as an intervention for common mental health problems: exploring catalysts for change. Med Humanit 2012; 38:15-20. [PMID: 22345586 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2011-010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of non-medical strategies to improve mental health and well-being. Get into Reading is a shared reading intervention which has demonstrable acceptability and feasibility. This paper explores potential catalysts for change resulting from Get into Reading. Two weekly reading groups ran for 12 months, in a GP surgery and a mental health drop-in centre, for people with a GP diagnosis of depression and a validated severity measure. Data collection included quantitative measures at the outset and end of the study, digital recording of sessions, observation and reflective diaries. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and critically compared with digital recordings. The evidence suggested a reduction in depressive symptoms for Get into Reading group participants. Three potential catalysts for change were identified: literary form and content, including the balance between prose and poetry; group facilitation, including social awareness and communicative skills; and group processes, including reflective and syntactic mirroring. This study has generated hypotheses about potential change processes of Get into Reading groups. Evidence of clinical efficacy was limited by small sample size, participant attrition and lack of controls. The focus on depression limited the generalisability of findings to other clinical groups or in non-clinical settings. Further research is needed, including assessment of the social and economic impact and substantial trials of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dowrick
- Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Abstract
E-readers provide an opportunity for hospital librarians to reach out to staff and patients with new approaches to library lending. Librarians in four Veterans Health Administration medical centers are using e-readers to enlarge their scope of service in unique ways. The libraries of VA hospitals in Minneapolis, Des Moines, Tampa, and Philadelphia have developed several ways to reach out to new library users.
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Gelo F. Using movies in pastoral counseling. J Pastoral Care Counsel 2011; 65:1-4. [PMID: 22452144 DOI: 10.1177/154230501106500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article uses a case study of a bereaved woman to illustrate the potential benefits of using movies as an adjunctive therapy in pastoral counseling. The article also references the literature on bibliotherapy and cinematherapy while summarizing relevant findings from studies for the use of movies in clinical practice. This article offers both suggestions and cautions for practitioners. At this time, research suggests that a considered therapeutic use of movies can be beneficial for personal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gelo
- Department of Family, Community and Preventive Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Reynolds
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Motune V. Star treatment. Ment Health Today 2010:18-20. [PMID: 20429105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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McNaughton JL. Brief interventions for depression in primary care: a systematic review. Can Fam Physician 2009; 55:789-796. [PMID: 19675262 PMCID: PMC2726093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess existing, brief nonpharmacologic interventions that are available for primary care physicians with minimal training in psychotherapy to use in managing depression in adult patients. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE was searched from 1996 to 2007, EMBASE was searched from 1980 to 2007, and EBM Reviews was searched from 1999 to 2007. STUDY SELECTION Several randomized controlled trials were selected using specified criteria. Selected articles were subsequently appraised and qualitatively analyzed. SYNTHESIS Significant improvements on depression scales were found in 6 out of 8 studies (P < .05) using various brief interventions and formal control groups. Successful interventions included bibliotherapy, websites based on cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and CBT-based computer programs. Completion rates were highest when interventions were shorter, more structured, and included frequent contact or reminders from study staff. Validity limitations included small sample sizes, non-blinding of studies, and an uncertain degree of generalizability. CONCLUSION Bibliotherapy, CBT-based websites, and CBT-based computer programs might be effective in assisting primary care physicians who have minimal training in psychotherapy in treating adult patients with depression. Health care personnel contact with patients undergoing these interventions might result in increased effectiveness. Future research is warranted in this area, and despite several limitations, findings from this study could help guide efforts in the development and evaluation of such research.
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Abstract
Self-help approaches can be relevant for individuals with sexual difficulties who cannot visit a therapist yet have sufficient coping skills and motivation to adhere to the advice and prescriptions included in the self-help method. Self-help can facilitate the transfer of treatment gains to the unassisted situation at home and thus reduce generalization difficulties from therapist setting to the home setting. They may prevent the development of client's codependency on therapist support and can help boost the client's sense of self-efficacy. Several self-help approaches were found to be efficacious, both statistically and clinically, in the treatment of several types of sexual dysfunction. The outcome is qualified by problem type, client characteristics, and delivery format of the self-help. The methods that are offered vary from cookbook-like protocols, which need to be followed in a stepwise and strict fashion, to strategies requiring the user to self-adapt a general problem-solving method to his or her personal situation, thereby enabling the individual to become his or her own therapist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques van Lankveld
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Evidence-based medicine's (EBM) quantitative methodologies reflect medical science's long-standing mistrust of the imprecision and subjectivity of ordinary descriptive language. However, EBM's attempts to replace subjectivity with precise empirical methods are problematic when clinicians must negotiate between scientific medicine and patients' experience. This problem is evident in the case of bibliotherapy (patient reading as treatment modality), a practice widespread despite its reliance on anecdotal evidence. While EBM purports to replace such flawed practice with reliable evidence-based methods, this essay argues that its aversion to subjective language prevents EBM from effectively evaluating bibliotherapy or making it amenable to clinical and research governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Dysart-Gale
- General Studies Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a number of reviews advocating psychotherapy for the treatment of depression, there is relatively little evidence based on randomised controlled trials that specifically examines its efficacy in older people. OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy of psychotherapeutic treatments for depression in older people. SEARCH STRATEGY CCDANCTR-Studies and CCDANCTR-References were searched on 11/9/2006. The International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Irish Journal of Psychiatry were handsearched. Reference lists of previous published systematic reviews, included/excluded trial articles and bibliographies were scrutinised. Experts in the field were contacted.. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials that included older adults diagnosed as suffering from depression (ICD or DSM criteria) were included. All types of psychotherapeutic treatments were included, categorised into cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, interpersonal therapy and supportive therapies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Meta-analysis was performed, using odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals. Primary outcomes were a reduction in severity of depression, usually measured by clinician rated rating scales. Secondary outcomes, including dropout and life satisfaction, were also analysed. MAIN RESULTS The search identified nine trials of cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic therapy approaches, together with a small group of 'active control' interventions. No trials relating to other psychotherapeutic approaches and techniques were found. A total of seven trials provided sufficient data for inclusion in the comparison between CBT and controls. No trials compared psychodynamic psychotherapy with controls. Based on five trials (153 participants), cognitive behavioural therapy was more effective than waiting list controls (WMD -9.85, 95% CI -11.97 to -7.73). Only three small trials compared psychodynamic therapy with CBT, with no significant difference in treatment effect indicated between the two types of psychotherapeutic treatment. Based on three trials with usable data, CBT was superior to active control interventions when using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (WMD -5.69, 95% CI -11.04 to -0.35), but equivalent when using the Geriatric Depression Scale (WMD -2.00, 95% CI -5.31 to 1.32). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Only a small number of studies and patients were included in the meta-analysis. If taken on their own merit, the findings do not provide strong support for psychotherapeutic treatments in the management of depression in older people. However, the findings do reflect those of a larger meta-analysis that included patients with broader age ranges, suggesting that CBT may be of potential benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C M Wilson
- Psychiatry, EMI Academic Unit, Univ of Liverpool, St Catherine's Hospital, Church Road, Birkenhead, Wirral, UK, L42 0LQ.
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Chan JM, O'Reilly MF. A Social Stories intervention package for students with autism in inclusive classroom settings. J Appl Behav Anal 2008; 41:405-9. [PMID: 18816978 PMCID: PMC2521874 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A Social Stories intervention package was used to teach 2 students with autism to read Social Stories, answer comprehension questions, and engage in role plays. Appropriate social behaviors increased and inappropriate behaviors decreased for both participants, and the effects were maintained for up to 10 months. This intervention package appears to be useful in inclusive classroom environments and does not require intensive supervision of the child's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Chan
- Department of Special Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, D5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-help for social phobia has not received controlled empirical evaluation. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of pure self-help through written materials for severe social phobia and self-help augmented by five group sessions with a therapist. These conditions were compared with a waiting-list control and standard, therapist-led group therapy. METHOD Participants with severe generalised social phobia (n=224) were randomised to one of four conditions. Assessment included diagnoses, symptoms and life interference at pretreatment, 12 weeks and at 24 weeks. RESULTS A larger percentage of patients no longer had a diagnosis of social phobia at post-intervention in the pure self-help group than in the waiting-list group, although this percentage decreased slightly over the next 3 months. Symptoms of social anxiety and life interference did not differ significantly between these groups. Augmented self-help was better than waiting list on all measures and did not differ significantly from group treatment. CONCLUSIONS Self-help augmented by therapist assistance shows promise as a less resource-intensive method for the management of social phobia. Pure self-help shows limited efficacy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Rapee
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This pilot study describes pain and anxiety associated with allergy testing; tests distraction, specifically self-selected distraction; and examines the relationship between pain, anxiety, and engagement with distraction. DESIGN AND METHODS An experimental design was used with a convenience sample of 32 adolescents from an allergist's office randomly assigned to three groups. Pain was measured by the adolescent pediatric pain tool (APPT) and FACES scale. RESULTS No differences in pain ratings were found among the groups. Less pain was associated with lower anxiety and greater engagement with distraction. Greater engagement with distraction occurred with less anxiety. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Knowledge about allergy testing pain, anxiety, and engagement with distraction can assist nurses in preparing adolescents for this procedure.
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Whitehouse PJ, Rajcan JL, Sami SA, Patterson MB, Smyth KA, Edland SD, George DR. ADCS Prevention Instrument Project: pilot testing of a book club as a psychosocial intervention and recruitment and retention strategy. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2007; 20:S203-8. [PMID: 17135813 DOI: 10.1097/01.wad.0000213876.70794.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both psychosocial and biologic interventions may delay or prevent Alzheimer disease. Staying mentally active may help older people maintain their cognitive abilities. In the Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study Prevention Instrument Project a book club was introduced as a recruitment and retention device. A 3-arm study was designed and included: a nonrandomized, self-selected group (n=211) who chose not to participate in the book club, and 2 groups randomly assigned to receive 2 books per year in individual self-improvement (n=210) or community involvement (n=207) categories. Participants reported their reactions to the selections and other reading behaviors. Results from the first 2 years revealed that most book club participants agreed with Likert-type statements indicating the readings were enjoyable (P<0.001), had an impact on their thinking (P=0.01), and were shared by them with others (P=0.002). Respondents in the community involvement group agreed more strongly with these statements than those in the self-improvement category. Comments from participants in response to open-ended questions in the reader survey revealed such themes as developing plans for successful aging and reflecting on attitudes and behaviors in their own lives. Further longitudinal analyses are planned to determine whether the book club influenced retention and whether participation was associated with slowing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Whitehouse
- University Memory and Aging Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120-1013, USA.
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Krijn M, Emmelkamp PMG, Olafsson RP, Bouwman M, van Gerwen LJ, Spinhoven P, Schuemie MJ, van der Mast CAPG. Fear of flying treatment methods: virtual reality exposure vs. cognitive behavioral therapy. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007; 78:121-8. [PMID: 17310883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fear of flying (FOF) can be a serious problem for individuals who develop this condition and for military and civilian organizations that operate aircraft. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three treatments: bibliotherapy (BIB) without therapist contact; individualized virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE); and cognitive behavior therapy (CB). In addition, we evaluated the effect of following up VRE and CB with 2 d of group cognitive-behavioral training (GrCB). METHODS There were 86 subjects suffering from FOF who entered the study; 19 BIB, 29 VRE, and 16 CB subjects completed the treatment protocols. The BIB subjects were then treated with VRE (n = 7) or CB (n = 12). There were 59 subjects who were then trained with GrCB. RESULTS Treatment with VRE or CB was more effective than BIB. Both VRE and CB showed a decline in FOF on the two main outcome measures. There was no statistically significant difference between those two therapies. However, effect sizes were lower for VRE (small to moderate) than for CB (moderate) and the addition of GrCB had less effect for VRE than for CB. DISCUSSION VRE holds promise as treatment for FOF, but in this trial CB followed by GrCB showed the largest decrease in subjective anxiety. The results suggest that future research should focus on comparing the effectiveness of VRE vs. VRE plus cognitive techniques or measure the effectiveness of each component of treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of the GrCB as stand-alone treatment should be investigated, which might even be superior in cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Krijn
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This study explores correlates of psychological distress and relationship satisfaction among concerned significant others (CSOs) of pathological gamblers. CSOs often seek help in dealing with the gambling problem and are influential in recovery, but little is known about the sources of their distress. A sample of 186 CSOs responded to media announcements offering telephone and bibliotherapy support. In multivariate models, CSOs who were spouses and who were younger reported more personal distress, and higher distress was associated with a greater number of CSO emotional and behavioral consequences. Lower relationship satisfaction was associated with more CSO emotional consequences, fewer gambler consequences, and greater severity of gambling problem. Implications for treatment are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Adult
- Aged
- Bibliotherapy
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychology
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/therapy
- Female
- Friends
- Gambling/psychology
- Humans
- Interpersonal Relations
- Male
- Marriage/psychology
- Middle Aged
- Personal Satisfaction
- Personality Inventory
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data
- Remote Consultation
- Spouses/psychology
- Stress, Psychological/diagnosis
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Stress, Psychological/therapy
- Telephone
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Kierfeld F, Döpfner M. [ Bibliotherapy as a self-help program for parents of children with externalizing problem behavior]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2006; 34:377-85; quiz 385-6. [PMID: 16981158 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.34.5.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Externalizing problem behaviour is one of the most frequent and most stable behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence. The development of applicable alternatives to expensive and restrictedly available treatments becomes increasingly necessary. This pilot study tested bibliotherapy in the form of a manual-assisted self-help programme under minimum contact conditions for parents of children with externalizing problem behaviour. METHOD A total of 21 children, aged 6 to 15 years and diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or an Oppositional Defiant Disorder, were recruited from an outpatient population. The bibliotherapy lasted 10 weeks and consisted of working through a self-help book for parents (Wackelpeter und Trotzkopf). Initial clinical interviews and pre- and post-treatment evaluations were included, as well as short weekly telephone contacts (approx. 20 min. per contact) with the parents. RESULTS The children's externalizing behaviour was significantly reduced during the intervention. The parenting skills were strengthened. The satisfaction of the parents with the program was high. Fewer than 20% of the parents indicated a need for an additional intensive behavioural outpatient treatment at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Bibliotherapy may be an applicable and effective treatment alternative for children with disruptive behaviour disorders, at least in families with the resources necessary for this kind of intervention. The results have to be replicated within randomized control group trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Kierfeld
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Robert Koch Strasse 10, DE-50931 Koln
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Magrisso RM. Butterfly woman. Patient Educ Couns 2006; 64:3-5. [PMID: 16859869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Revised: 01/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Magrisso
- Northwestern University Medical School, 530 Winnetka Avenue, Winnetka, IL, USA.
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Abstract
A review of the empirical research literature on Social Stories is presented, including a descriptive review and single-subject meta-analysis of appropriate studies. Examination of data suggests the effects of Social Stories are highly variable. Interpretations of extant studies are frequently confounded by inadequate participant description and the use of Social Stories in combination with other interventions. It is unclear whether particular components of Social Stories are central to their efficacy. Data on maintenance and generalization are also limited. Social Stories stand as a promising intervention, being relatively straightforward and efficient to implement with application to a wide range of behaviors. Further research is needed to determine the exact nature of their contribution and the components critical to their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Reynhout
- Macquarie University Special Education Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
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Jorm AF, Allen NB, O'Donnell CP, Parslow RA, Purcell R, Morgan AJ. Effectiveness of complementary and self‐help treatments for depression in children and adolescents. Med J Aust 2006; 185:368-72. [PMID: 17014404 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the evidence for the effectiveness of complementary and self-help treatments for depression in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Systematic literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library for 131 treatments up to February 2006. STUDY SELECTION There were 13 treatments that had been evaluated in intervention studies. DATA EXTRACTION Studies on each treatment were reviewed by one author and checked by a second. A consensus was reached for level of evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS Relevant evidence was available for glutamine, S-adenosylmethionine, St John's wort, vitamin C, omega-3 fatty acids, light therapy, massage, art therapy, bibliotherapy, distraction techniques, exercise, relaxation therapy and sleep deprivation. However, the evidence was limited and generally of poor quality. The only treatment with reasonable supporting evidence was light therapy for winter depression. CONCLUSIONS Given that antidepressant medication is not recommended as a first line treatment for children and adolescents with mild to moderate depression, and that the effects of psychological treatments are modest, there is a pressing need to extend the range of treatments available for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Spiritual interventions are rarely used in contemporary treatment programs and little empirical evidence is available concerning their effectiveness. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual group intervention for eating disorder inpatients. We compared the effectiveness of a Spirituality group with Cognitive and Emotional Support groups using a randomized, control group design. Participants were 122 women receiving inpatient eating disorder treatment. Patients in the Spirituality group tended to score significantly lower on psychological disturbance and eating disorder symptoms at the conclusion of treatment compared to patients in the other groups, and higher on spiritual well-being. On weekly outcome measures, patients in the Spirituality group improved significantly more quickly during the first four weeks of treatment. This study provides preliminary evidence that attending to eating disorder patients' spiritual growth and well-being during inpatient treatment may help reduce depression and anxiety, relationship distress, social role conflict, and eating disorder symptoms.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many approaches are used to address behavioural problems in childhood including medication or, more usually, psychological treatments either directly with the child and/or his/her family. Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural interventions have been shown to be highly effective but access to these treatments is limited due to factors such as time and expense. Presenting the information parents need in order to manage these behaviour problems in booklet or other media-based format would most likely reduce the cost and increase access to these interventions. OBJECTIVES To review the effects of media-based cognitive-behavioural therapies for any young person with a behavioural disorder (diagnosed using a recognised instrument) compared to standard care and no-treatment controls. SEARCH STRATEGY The following electronic databases were systematically searched: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to August 2005), EMBASE (1980 to August 2005), PsycINFO (1887 to August 2005), CINAHL (1982 to August 2005), Biosis (1985 to August 2005) and Sociofile (1974 to August 2005). References in all selected trials were checked for other trials and experts in the field were contacted for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials (e.g. trials which used sequential randomisation) of media-based behavioural treatments for behaviour problems in children. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Abstracts and titles of studies identified from searches of electronic databases were read to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Full copies of those possibly meeting these criteria from electronic or other searches were assessed by the reviewers and queries were resolved by discussion. Data were analysed using RevMan 4.2. MAIN RESULTS Eleven studies including 943 participants were included within this review. In general, media-based therapies for behavioural disorders in children had a moderate, if variable, effect when compared with both no-treatment controls with effects sizes ranging from -0.12 (-1.65, 1.41) to -32.60 (-49.93, -15.27) and as and adjunct to medication with effect sizes ranging from -2.71 (-5.86, -0.44) to -39.55 (-75.01, -4.09). Significant improvements were made with the addition of up to two hours of therapist time. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS These formats of delivering behavioural interventions for carers of children are worth considering in clinical practice. Media-based interventions may, in some cases, be enough to make clinically significant changes in a child's behaviour, and may reduce the amount of time primary care workers have to devote to each case. They can also be used as the first stage of a stepped care approach. Consequently this would increase the number of families who could possibly benefit from these types of intervention, releasing clinician time that can be reallocated to more complex cases. Media-based therapies would therefore appear to have both clinical and economic implications as regards the treatment of children with behavioural problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Montgomery
- Barnett House, Centre for Evidence-Based Social Work, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, UK, OX1 2ER.
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van Lankveld JJDM, ter Kuile MM, de Groot HE, Melles R, Nefs J, Zandbergen M. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for women with lifelong vaginismus: A randomized waiting-list controlled trial of efficacy. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006; 74:168-78. [PMID: 16551154 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.74.1.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Women with lifelong vaginismus (N=117) were randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral group therapy, cognitive-behavioral bibliotherapy, or a waiting list. Manualized treatment comprised sexual education, relaxation exercises, gradual exposure, cognitive therapy, and sensate focus therapy. Group therapy consisted of ten 2-hr sessions with 6 to 9 participants per group. Assistance with minimal-contact bibliotherapy consisted of 6 biweekly, 15-min telephone contacts. Twenty-one percent of the participants left the study before posttreatment assessment. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that successful intercourse at posttreatment was reported by 14% of the treated participants compared with none of the participants in the control condition. At the 12-month follow-up 21% of the group therapy participants and 15% of the bibliotherapy participants, respectively, reported successful intercourse. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of lifelong vaginismus was thus found to be efficacious, but the small effect size of the treatment warrants future efforts to improve the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques J D M van Lankveld
- Department of Medical, Clinical, and Experimental Psychology, University of Maastricht, and Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The present study investigated the effectiveness of bibliotherapy and minimal therapist-contact interventions in the treatment of panic attacks. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) bibliotherapy alone (BT); (2) bibliotherapy plus phone contact (BT+PC); or (3) phone contact alone (PC). Assessment (pre- and post-treatment) and treatment (8 weeks in duration) were conducted via mail and phone. Individuals receiving BT and BT+PC exhibited significant reductions from pre- to post-treatment on panic cognitions and fear of having a panic attack. Individuals receiving BT+PC exhibited significant reductions from pre- to post-treatment on panic symptoms and avoidance. In addition, individuals in the BT and BT+PC groups were more likely to exhibit clinically significant improvement on most dependent measures relative to PC alone. On some measures, individuals in the BT+PC group did clinically better than individuals in the BT group. Results of the present study also suggest that diagnosis may play some role in outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A R Febbraro
- Department of Psychology, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311-4505, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Current traditional methods of mental healthcare service delivery, based on 'specialists' providing 'outpatient appointments' for formal therapy, are often inappropriate for the needs of patients in primary care. The estimated numbers of adults with mental health problems are immense, and it is this, combined with Department of Health initiatives aimed at improving choice and access, which make it essential that new ways of delivering services are explored. This trial examines the use of an assisted self-help treatment package for mild to moderate stress/anxiety [Assisted Bibliotherapy (AB)] with an adult clinical population referred by their general practitioner. Assisted Bibliotherapy is a brief intervention (8 weeks), with limited therapist contact (20-min sessions). Non-parametric statistical testing of scores from the Zung Anxiety Scale and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) questionnaire indicated positive results. There was significant improvement at post-treatment, which was maintained at 3 month follow-up. The results from this trial and a previous trial of AB by Kupshik & Fisher in 1999, indicate that it is an effective treatment which could be used as part of a stepped care approach to managing and treating stress/anxiety in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reeves
- Department of Adult Psychology, South of Tyne and Wearside Meant Health NHS Trust, Denethorpe, Stockton Road, Ryhope, Sunderland SR2 0NE, UK.
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