1
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Park SM, Miyamoto DK, Han GYQ, Chan M, Curnutt NM, Tran NL, Velleca A, Kim JH, Schurer A, Chang K, Xu W, Kharas MG, Woo CM. Dual IKZF2 and CK1α degrader targets acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:726-739.e11. [PMID: 36898380 PMCID: PMC10466730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy for which several epigenetic regulators have been identified as therapeutic targets. Here we report the development of cereblon-dependent degraders of IKZF2 and casein kinase 1α (CK1α), termed DEG-35 and DEG-77. We utilized a structure-guided approach to develop DEG-35 as a nanomolar degrader of IKZF2, a hematopoietic-specific transcription factor that contributes to myeloid leukemogenesis. DEG-35 possesses additional substrate specificity for the therapeutically relevant target CK1α, which was identified through unbiased proteomics and a PRISM screen assay. Degradation of IKZF2 and CK1α blocks cell growth and induces myeloid differentiation in AML cells through CK1α-p53- and IKZF2-dependent pathways. Target degradation by DEG-35 or a more soluble analog, DEG-77, delays leukemia progression in murine and human AML mouse models. Overall, we provide a strategy for multitargeted degradation of IKZF2 and CK1α to enhance efficacy against AML that may be expanded to additional targets and indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David K Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace Y Q Han
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy Chan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole M Curnutt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathan L Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Velleca
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Hyun Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Schurer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Guo H, Zhang D, Zhou Y, Sun L, Li C, Luo X, Liu J, Cui S. Casein Kinase 1α Regulates Testosterone Synthesis and Testis Development in Adult Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad042. [PMID: 36929849 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a main component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which participates in multiple biological processes. Our recent study demonstrated that CK1α is expressed in both germ cells and somatic cells of mouse testes and regulates spermatogenesis. However, little information is known about the role of CK1α in regulating the development of somatic cells in mouse testes. Our results demonstrated that conditional disruption of CK1α in murine Leydig cells sharply decreased testosterone levels; markedly affected testis development, sperm motility, and sperm morphology; and caused subfertility. The germ cell population was partially decreased in CK1α conditional knockout (cKO) mice, while the proliferation of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells was not affected. Furthermore, in vitro results verified that luteinizing hormone upregulates CK1α through the luteinizing hormone/protein kinase/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/extracellular regulated protein kinases/2 signaling pathway and that CK1α interacts with and phosphorylates EGFR, which subsequently activates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, thereby promoting testosterone synthesis. In addition, high-dose testosterone propionate partially rescued the phenotype observed in cKO mice. This study provides new insights into the role of CK1α in steroidogenesis and male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10021, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewen Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10021, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10021, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhou A, Cai Q, Hong Y, Lv Y. Down-Regulation of Casein Kinase 1α Contributes to Endometriosis through Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/Autophagy-Related 7-Mediated Autophagy. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:2195-2202. [PMID: 34809787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the roles of casein kinase 1α (CK1α) in endometriosis and its underlying mechanisms. Endometrial specimen were collected from the patients and healthy volunteers. The expression patterns of CK1α, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and autophagy-related proteins were determined using immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR. Besides, the CK1α-overexpressing cells and PTEN knockdown cells were constructed in the endometrial stromal cells isolated from endometriosis patients. In addition, the cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CK1α or pcDNA3.1-CK1α plus siRNA- PTEN. The expressions of CK1α, PTEN, and autophagy-related proteins were determined using Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of CK1α and autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) were significantly decreased in the ectopic endometrium compared with the eutopic endometrium. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between CK1α and PTEN, CK1α and Atg7, and PTEN and Atg7. In addition, CK1α, PTEN, and autophagy-related proteins were down-regulated in ectopic endometrium. Interestingly, overexpression of CK1α significantly increased the expressions of autophagy-related proteins, whereas the protein expression of autophagy-related proteins was decreased with PTEN knock-down. CK1α regulated PTEN/Atg7-mediated autophagy in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiu Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiongyi Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiting Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Lv
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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4
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Cai J, Li R, Xu X, Zhang L, Lian R, Fang L, Huang Y, Feng X, Liu X, Li X, Zhu X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zeng M, Song E, He Y, Yin Y, Li J, Li M. CK1α suppresses lung tumour growth by stabilizing PTEN and inducing autophagy. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:465-478. [PMID: 29593330 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of autophagy to cancer development remains controversial, largely owing to the fact that autophagy can be tumour suppressive or oncogenic in different biological contexts. Here, we show that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), casein kinase 1 alpha 1 (CK1α) suppresses tumour growth by functioning as an autophagy inducer to activate an autophagy-regulating, tumour-suppressive PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a/Atg7 axis. Specifically, CK1α bound the C-terminal tail of PTEN and enhanced both PTEN stability and activity by competitively antagonizing NEDD4-1-induced PTEN polyubiquitination and abrogating PTEN phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting AKT activity and activating FOXO3a-induced transcription of Atg7. Notably, blocking CK1α-induced Atg7-dependent autophagy cooperates with oncogenic HRasV12 to initiate tumorigenesis of lung epithelial cells. An association of a CK1α-modulated autophagic program with the anti-neoplastic activities of the CK1α/PTEN/FOXO3a/Atg7 axis was demonstrated in xenografted tumour models and human NSCLC specimens. This provides insights into the biological and potentially clinical significance of autophagy in NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Casein Kinase Ialpha/genetics
- Casein Kinase Ialpha/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Enzyme Stability
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras
- HCT116 Cells
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases/metabolism
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden
- Ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Lian
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishan Fang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianming Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximeng Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukai He
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Lee KY, Chen YH, Hsu SC, Yu MJ. Phosphorylation of Serine 235 of the Hepatitis C Virus Non-Structural Protein NS5A by Multiple Kinases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166763. [PMID: 27875595 PMCID: PMC5119781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation at serine 235 (S235) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) plays a critical role in the viral life cycle. For medical and virological interests, we exploited the HEK293T kidney cells to test 3 candidate protein kinases on NS5A S235 phosphorylation. Inhibitors that inhibit casein kinase I α (CKIα), polo-like kinase I (PlKI) or calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) all reduced NS5A S235 phosphorylation. CKIα was studied previously and PlKI had severe cytotoxicity, thus CaMKII was selected for validation in the Huh7.5.1 liver cells. In the HCV (J6/JFH1)-infected Huh7.5.1 cells, CaMKII inhibitor reduced NS5A S235 phosphorylation and HCV RNA levels without apparent cytotoxicity. RT-PCR analysis showed expression of CaMKII γ and δ isoforms in the Huh7.5.1 cells. Both CaMKII γ and δ directly phosphorylated NS5A S235 in vitro. CaMKII γ or δ single knockdown did not affect NS5A S235 phosphorylation but elevated the HCV RNA levels in the infected cells. CKIα plus CaMKII (γ or δ) double knockdown reduced NS5A S235 phosphorylation and reduced HCV RNA levels; however, the HCV RNA levels were higher than those in the infected cells with CKIα single knockdown. We conclude that CKIα-mediated NS5A S235 phosphorylation is critical for HCV replication. CaMKII γ and δ may have negative roles in the HCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
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6
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Okerberg ES, Hainley A, Brown H, Aban A, Alemayehu S, Shih A, Wu J, Patricelli MP, Kozarich JW, Nomanbhoy T, Rosenblum JS. Identification of a Tumor Specific, Active-Site Mutation in Casein Kinase 1α by Chemical Proteomics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152934. [PMID: 27031502 PMCID: PMC4816389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the identification of a novel, tumor-specific missense mutation in the active site of casein kinase 1α (CSNK1A1) using activity-based proteomics. Matched normal and tumor colon samples were analyzed using an ATP acyl phosphate probe in a kinase-targeted LC-MS2 platform. An anomaly in the active-site peptide from CSNK1A1 was observed in a tumor sample that was consistent with an altered catalytic aspartic acid. Expression and analysis of the suspected mutant verified the presence of asparagine in the probe-labeled, active-site peptide for CSNK1A1. Genomic sequencing of the colon tumor samples confirmed the presence of a missense mutation in the catalytic aspartic acid of CSNK1A1 (GAC→AAC). To our knowledge, the D163N mutation in CSNK1A1 is a newly defined mutation to the conserved, catalytic aspartic acid of a protein kinase and the first missense mutation identified using activity-based proteomics. The tumorigenic potential of this mutation remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Okerberg
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Hainley
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Heidi Brown
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Arwin Aban
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Senait Alemayehu
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ann Shih
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jane Wu
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | - John W. Kozarich
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Tyzoon Nomanbhoy
- ActivX Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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7
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Wang H, Albadawi H, Siddiquee Z, Stone JM, Panchenko MP, Watkins MT, Stone JR. Altered vascular activation due to deficiency of the NADPH oxidase component p22phox. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 23:35-42. [PMID: 24035466 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase play important roles in vascular activation. The p22(phox) subunit is necessary for the activity of NADPH oxidase complexes utilizing Nox1, Nox2, Nox3, and Nox4 catalytic subunits. METHODS We assessed p22(phox)-deficient mice and human tissue for altered vascular activation. RESULTS Mice deficient in p22(phox) were smaller than their wild-type littermates but showed no alteration in basal blood pressure. The wild-type littermates were relatively resistant to forming intimal hyperplasia following carotid ligation, and the intimal hyperplasia that developed was not altered by p22(phox) deficiency. However, at the site of carotid artery ligation, the p22(phox)-deficient mice showed significantly less vascular elastic fiber loss compared with their wild-type littermates. This preservation of elastic fibers was associated with a reduced matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 12/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 expression ratio. A similar decrease in the relative MMP12/TIMP1 expression ratio occurred in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells upon knockdown of the hydrogen peroxide responsive kinase CK1αLS. In the ligated carotid arteries, the p22(phox)-deficient mice showed reduced expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP-C), suggesting reduced activity of CK1αLS. In a lung biopsy from a human patient with p22(phox) deficiency, there was also reduced vascular hnRNP-C expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that NADPH oxidase complexes modulate aspects of vascular activation including vascular elastic fiber loss, the MMP12/TIMP1 expression ratio, and the expression of hnRNP-C. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the effects of NADPH oxidase on vascular activation are mediated in part by protein kinase CK1αLS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/enzymology
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Casein Kinase Ialpha/genetics
- Casein Kinase Ialpha/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Cytochrome b Group/deficiency
- Cytochrome b Group/genetics
- Elastic Tissue/enzymology
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Female
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/enzymology
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/genetics
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/pathology
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Infant
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- NADPH Oxidases/deficiency
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- Neointima
- RNA Interference
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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8
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Saraswati S, Alfaro MP, Thorne CA, Atkinson J, Lee E, Young PP. Pyrvinium, a potent small molecule Wnt inhibitor, promotes wound repair and post-MI cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15521. [PMID: 21170416 PMCID: PMC2993965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in developmental and stem cell biology. To test the hypothesis that temporary inhibition of Wnt signaling will enhance granulation tissue and promote angiogenesis in tissue repair, we employed a recently characterized small molecule Wnt inhibitor. Pyrvinium is an FDA-approved drug that we identified as a Wnt inhibitor in a chemical screen for small molecules that stabilize β-catenin and inhibit Axin degradation. Our subsequent characterization of pyrvinium has revealed that its critical cellular target in the Wnt pathway is Casein Kinase 1α. Daily administration of pyrvinium directly into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges implanted subcutaneously in mice generated better organized and vascularized granulation tissue; this compound also increased the proliferative index of the tissue within the sponges. To evaluate its effect in myocardial repair, we induced a myocardial infarction (MI) by coronary artery ligation and administered a single intramyocardial dose of pyrvinium. Mice were evaluated by echocardiography at 7 and 30 days post-MI and treatment; post mortem hearts were evaluated by histology at 30 days. Pyrvinium reduced adverse cardiac remodeling demonstrated by decreased left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDD) as compared to a control compound. Increased Ki-67+ cells were observed in peri-infarct and distal myocardium of pyrvinium-treated animals. These results need to be further followed-up to determine if therapeutic inhibition of canonical Wnt may avert adverse remodeling after ischemic injury and its impact on myocardial repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Saraswati
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maria P. Alfaro
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Curtis A. Thorne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pampee P. Young
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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9
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Sinnberg T, Menzel M, Kaesler S, Biedermann T, Sauer B, Nahnsen S, Schwarz M, Garbe C, Schittek B. Suppression of casein kinase 1alpha in melanoma cells induces a switch in beta-catenin signaling to promote metastasis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6999-7009. [PMID: 20699366 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1alpha) is a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates several substrates. Among those is beta-catenin, an important player in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling. Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by CK1alpha at Ser45 is the priming reaction for the proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin. Interestingly, aside from this role in beta-catenin degradation, very little is known about the expression and functional role of CK1alpha in tumor cells. Here, we show that CK1alpha expression in different tumor types is either strongly suppressed or completely lost during tumor progression and that CK1alpha is a key factor determining beta-catenin stability and transcriptional activity in tumor cells. CK1alpha reexpression in metastatic melanoma cells reduces growth in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas suppression of CK1alpha in primary melanoma cells induces invasive tumor growth. Inactivation of CK1alpha promotes tumor progression by regulating a switch in beta-catenin-mediated signaling. These results show that melanoma cells developed an efficient new mechanism to activate the beta-catenin signaling pathway and define CK1alpha as a novel tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Quintavalle M, Sambucini S, Di Pietro C, De Francesco R, Neddermann P. The alpha isoform of protein kinase CKI is responsible for hepatitis C virus NS5A hyperphosphorylation. J Virol 2006; 80:11305-12. [PMID: 16943283 PMCID: PMC1642135 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01465-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the subject of intensive studies for nearly two decades. Nevertheless, some aspects of the virus life cycle are still a mystery. The HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) has been shown to be a modulator of cellular processes possibly required for the establishment of viral persistence. NS5A is heavily phosphorylated, and a switch between a basally phosphorylated form of NS5A (p56) and a hyperphosphorylated form of NS5A (p58) seems to play a pivotal role in regulating HCV replication. Using kinase inhibitors that specifically inhibit the formation of NS5A-p58 in cells, we identified the CKI kinase family as a target. NS5A-p58 increased upon overexpression of CKI-alpha, CKI-delta, and CKI-epsilon, whereas the RNA interference of only CKI-alpha reduced NS5A hyperphosphorylation. Rescue of inhibition of NS5A-p58 was achieved by CKI-alpha overexpression, and we demonstrated that the CKI-alpha isoform is targeted by NS5A hyperphosphorylation inhibitors in living cells. Finally, we showed that down-regulation of CKI-alpha attenuates HCV RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Quintavalle
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare "P. Angeletti," 00040 Pomezia (Roma), Italy
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11
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Abstract
Forkhead transcription factors play critical roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that this regulation most likely involves intricate interactions between the forkhead family members and inflammatory transcription factors: the forkhead member Foxd1 coordinates the regulation of the activity of two key inflammatory transcription factors, NF-AT and NF-kappaB, with Foxd1 deficiency resulting in multiorgan, systemic inflammation, exaggerated Th cell-derived cytokine production, and T cell proliferation in autologous MLRs. Foxd1-deficient T cells possess increased activity of both NF-AT and NF-kappaB: the former correlates with the ability of Foxd1 to regulate casein kinase 1, an NF-AT inhibitory kinase; the latter with the ability of Foxd1 to regulate Foxj1, which regulates the NF-kappaB inhibitory subunit IkappaB beta. Thus, Foxd1 modulates inflammatory reactions and prevents autoimmunity by directly regulating anti-inflammatory regulators of the NF-AT pathway, and by coordinating the suppression of the NF-kappaB pathway via Foxj1. These findings indicate the presence of a general network of forkhead proteins that enforce T cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Jia J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Tong C, Wang B, Hou F, Amanai K, Jiang J. Phosphorylation by double-time/CKIepsilon and CKIalpha targets cubitus interruptus for Slimb/beta-TRCP-mediated proteolytic processing. Dev Cell 2006; 9:819-30. [PMID: 16326393 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins govern animal development by regulating the Gli/Ci family of transcription factors. In Drosophila, Hh signaling blocks proteolytic processing of full-length Ci to generate a truncated repressor form. Ci processing requires sequential phosphorylation by PKA, GSK3, and a casein kinase I (CKI) family member(s). Here we show that Double-time (DBT)/CKIepsilon and CKIalpha act in conjunction to promote Ci processing. CKI phosphorylates Ci at three clusters of serine residues primed by PKA and GSK3 phosphorylation. CKI phosphorylation of Ci confers binding to the F-box protein Slimb/beta-TRCP, the substrate recognition component of the SCF(Slimb/beta-TRCP) ubiquitin ligase required for Ci processing. CKI phosphorylation sites act cooperatively to promote Ci processing in vivo. Substitution of Ci phosphorylation clusters with a canonical Slimb/beta-TRCP recognition motif in beta-catenin renders Slimb/beta-TRCP binding and Ci processing independent of CKI. We propose that phosphorylation of Ci by CKI creates multiple Slimb/beta-TRCP binding sites that act cooperatively to recruit SCF(Slimb/beta-TRCP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Jia
- Center for Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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13
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Alappat EC, Feig C, Boyerinas B, Volkland J, Samuels M, Murmann AE, Thorburn A, Kidd VJ, Slaughter CA, Osborn SL, Winoto A, Tang WJ, Peter ME. Phosphorylation of FADD at serine 194 by CKIalpha regulates its nonapoptotic activities. Mol Cell 2005; 19:321-32. [PMID: 16061179 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
FADD is essential for death receptor (DR)-induced apoptosis. However, it is also critical for cell cycle progression and proliferation, activities that are regulated by phosphorylation of its C-terminal Ser194, which has also been implicated in sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and in regulating FADD's intracellular localization. We now demonstrate that casein kinase Ialpha (CKIalpha) phosphorylates FADD at Ser194 both in vitro and in vivo. FADD-CKIalpha association regulates the subcellular localization of FADD, and phosphorylated FADD was found to colocalize with CKIalpha on the spindle poles in metaphase. Inhibition of CKIalpha diminished FADD phosphorylation, prevented the ability of Taxol to arrest cells in mitosis, and blocked mitogen-induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes. In contrast, a low level of cycling splenocytes from mice expressing FADD with a mutated phosphorylation site was insensitive to CKI inhibition. These data suggest that phosphorylation of FADD by CKI is a crucial event during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Alappat
- The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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14
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Abstract
MDMX is a homolog of MDM2 that is critical for regulating p53 function during mouse development. MDMX degradation is regulated by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. Whether there are other mechanisms of MDMX regulation is largely unknown. We found that MDMX binds to the casein kinase 1 alpha isoform (CK1alpha) and is phosphorylated by CK1alpha. Expression of CK1alpha stimulates the ability of MDMX to bind to p53 and inhibit p53 transcriptional function. Regulation of MDMX-p53 interaction requires CK1alpha binding to the central region of MDMX and phosphorylation of MDMX on serine 289. Inhibition of CK1alpha expression by isoform-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) activates p53 and further enhances p53 activity after ionizing irradiation. CK1alpha siRNA also cooperates with DNA damage to induce apoptosis. These results suggest that CK1alpha is a functionally relevant MDMX-binding protein and plays an important role in regulating p53 activity in the absence or presence of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, MRC3057A, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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15
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Donald RGK, Zhong T, Meijer L, Liberator PA. Characterization of two T. gondii CK1 isoforms. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2005; 141:15-27. [PMID: 15811523 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous affinity chromatography experiments have described the unexpected binding of an isoform of casein kinase I (CK1) from Leishmania mexicana, Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii to an immobilized cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (purvalanol B). In order to further evaluate CK1 as a potential anti-parasitic target, two T. gondii CK1 genes were cloned by PCR using primers derived from a putative CK1 gene fragment identified from a T. gondii EST database. The genes are predicted to encode a smaller polypeptide of 38 kDa (TgCK1alpha) and larger 49 kDa isoform bearing a C-terminal extension (TgCK1beta). Enzymatically active recombinant FLAG-epitope tagged TgCK1alpha and TgCK1beta enzymes were immuno-precipitated from transiently transfected T. gondii parasites. While TgCK1alpha expression was found to be cytosolic, TgCK1beta was expressed predominantly at the plasma membrane. Deletion mapping showed that the C-terminal domain of TgCK1beta confers this membrane-association. Recombinant TgCK1alpha and TgCK1beta isoforms were also expressed in E. coli and biochemically characterized. A 38kDa native CK1 activity was partially purified from T. gondii tachyzoites by ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography with biochemical and serological properties closely resembling those of recombinant TgCK1alpha. In contrast, we were not able to identify a native CK1 activity corresponding to the larger TgCK1beta 49 kDa isoform in tachyzoite lysates. Purvalanol B and the related compound aminopurvalanol A selectively inhibit TgCK1alpha, confirming the existence of potentially exploitable structural differences between host and parasite CK1 enzymes. Since the more cell-permeable aminopurvalanol also inhibits parasite growth, these results provide further impetus to investigate inhibitors of CK1 as anti-parasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G K Donald
- Department of Human/Animal Infectious Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., P.O. Box 2000, R80Y-260, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Horiguchi R, Yoshikuni M, Tokumoto M, Nagahama Y, Tokumoto T. Identification of a protein kinase which phosphorylates a subunit of the 26S proteasome and changes in its activity during meiotic cell cycle in goldfish oocytes. Cell Signal 2005; 17:205-15. [PMID: 15494212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is involved in the progression of the meiotic cell cycle in fish oocytes. We reported that the alpha4 subunit of the 26S proteasome, which is a component of the outer rings of the 20S proteasome, is phosphorylated in immature oocytes and dephosphorylated in mature oocytes. To investigate the role of the phosphorylation, we purified the protein kinase from immature oocytes using a recombinant alpha4 subunit as substrate. A protein band which well corresponded to the kinase activity was identified as casein kinase Ialpha (CKIalpha). Two-dimensional (2D) PAGE analysis showed that part of the alpha4 subunit was phosphorylated by CKIalpha in vitro. This spot was detected in purified immature 26S proteasome but not in mature 26S proteasome, demonstrate that the alpha4 subunit is phosphorylated by CKIalpha meiotic cell cycle dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biomechanics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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17
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Sobrado P, Jedlicki A, Bustos VH, Allende CC, Allende JE. Basic region of residues 228-231 of protein kinase CK1? is involved in its interaction with axin: Binding to axin does not affect the kinase activity. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:217-24. [PMID: 15565646 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK1, also known as casein kinase 1, participates in the phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which regulates the functioning of the Wnt signaling cascade involved in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin phosphorylation occurs in a multiprotein complex assembled on the scaffold protein axin. The interaction of CK1alpha from Danio rerio with mouse-axin has been studied using a pull-down assay that uses fragments of axin fused to glutathione S transferase, which is bound to glutathione sepharose beads. The results indicate that the three lysines present in the basic region of residues 228-231 of CK1alpha are necessary for the binding of CK1 to axin. Lysine 231 is particularly important in this interaction. In order to define the relevance of the axin-CK1alpha interaction, the effect of the presence of axin on the phosphorylating activity of CK1alpha was tested. It is also evident that the region of axin downstream of residues 503-562 is required for CK1alpha interaction. The binding of CK1alpha to axin fragment 292-681 does not facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin despite the fact that this axin fragment can also bind beta-catenin. Binding of CK1alpha to axin is not required for the phosphorylation of axin itself and, likewise, axin does not affect the kinetic parameters of the CK1alpha towards casein or a specific peptide substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sobrado
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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