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Li J, Zhang DY, Wu XM. [Classification and synthesis of ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2009; 44:1313-1319. [PMID: 21351462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a recently developed approach to cancer treatment which extends the range of cellular target for chemotherapy. This therapeutic strategy is very interesting since the proteasomes carry out the regulated degradation of unnecessary or damaged cellular proteins, a process that is dysregulated in many cancer cells. Based on this hypothesis, the proteasome complex inhibitor Bortezomib was approved for use in multiple myeloma patients by FDA in 2003. Drug discovery programs in academy and the pharmaceutical industry have developed a range of synthetic and natural inhibitors of the 20S proteasome core particle that have entered human clinical trials as significant anti-cancer leads. The main results from the use of proteasome inhibition in cancer chemotherapy, the structure of several proteasome inhibitors and their synthesis is going to be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Li DK, Lin H, Kim SM. Purification and characterization of a cysteine protease inhibitor from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) plasma. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:106-111. [PMID: 18072739 DOI: 10.1021/jf0723662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI) in chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta) plasma (CSP) was detected after performing inhibitory activity staining against papain under nonreducing condition. The CPI was purified from CSP by affinity chromatography with a yield and purification ratio of 0.94% and 30.36-fold, respectively. CSP CPI had a molecular mass of 70 kDa based on the results of SDS-PAGE and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. CSP CPI was a glycoprotein based on the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the SDS-PAGE gel and classified as a kininogen. CSP CPI was stable in the pH range of 6.0-9.0 with maximal stability at pH 7.0. CSP CPI presented thermal stability at temperatures below 50 degrees C and exhibited maximal activity at temperatures of 20-40 degrees C. CSP CPI was determined to be a noncompetitive inhibitor against papain, with an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 105 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Kun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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3
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Brouwer AJ, Bunschoten A, Liskamp RMJ. Synthesis and evaluation of chloromethyl sulfoxides as a new class of selective irreversible cysteine protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6985-93. [PMID: 17869119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of selective irreversible cysteine protease inhibitors is described. A set of amino acid based chloromethyl sulfoxides was prepared and they were found to inhibit irreversibly the cysteine protease papain. They were selective for cysteine proteases since no inhibition was found for the serine protease chymotrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwin J Brouwer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Goetz DH, Choe Y, Hansell E, Chen YT, McDowell M, Jonsson CB, Roush WR, McKerrow J, Craik CS. Substrate Specificity Profiling and Identification of a New Class of Inhibitor for the Major Protease of the SARS Coronavirus,. Biochemistry 2007; 46:8744-52. [PMID: 17605471 DOI: 10.1021/bi0621415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease associated with a high rate of mortality. The SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as the etiological agent of the disease. Although public health procedures have been effective in combating the spread of SARS, concern remains about the possibility of a recurrence. Various approaches are being pursued for the development of efficacious therapeutics. One promising approach is to develop small molecule inhibitors of the essential major polyprotein processing protease 3Clpro. Here we report a complete description of the tetrapeptide substrate specificity of 3Clpro using fully degenerate peptide libraries consisting of all 160,000 possible naturally occurring tetrapeptides. The substrate specificity data show the expected P1-Gln P2-Leu specificity and elucidate a novel preference for P1-His containing substrates equal to the expected preference for P1-Gln. These data were then used to develop optimal substrates for a high-throughput screen of a 2000 compound small-molecule inhibitor library consisting of known cysteine protease inhibitor scaffolds. We also report the 1.8 A X-ray crystal structure of 3Clpro bound to an irreversible inhibitor. This inhibitor, an alpha,beta-epoxyketone, inhibits 3Clpro with a k3/Ki of 0.002 microM(-1) s(-1) in a mode consistent with the substrate specificity data. Finally, we report the successful rational improvement of this scaffold with second generation inhibitors. These data provide the foundation for a rational small-molecule inhibitor design effort based upon the inhibitor scaffold identified, the crystal structure of the complex, and a more complete understanding of P1-P4 substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Goetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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5
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Kotsyfakis M, Sá-Nunes A, Francischetti IMB, Mather TN, Andersen JF, Ribeiro JMC. Antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity of sialostatin L, a salivary cystatin from the tick Ixodes scapularis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:26298-307. [PMID: 16772304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the ability of the tick Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Lyme disease in the United States, to actively and specifically affect the host proteolytic activity in the sites of infestation through the release of a cystatin constituent of its saliva. The cystatin presence in the saliva was verified both biochemically and immunologically. We named the protein sialostatin L because of its inhibitory action against cathepsin L. We also show that the proteases it targets, although limited in number, have a prominent role in the proteolytic cascades that take place in the extracellular and intracellular environment. As a result, sialostatin L displays an antiinflammatory role and inhibits proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Beyond unraveling another component accounting for the properties of tick saliva, contributing to feeding success and pathogen transmission, we describe a novel tool for studying the role of papain-like proteases in diverse biologic phenomena and a protein with numerous potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Kotsyfakis
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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6
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Smith BO, Picken NC, Westrop GD, Bromek K, Mottram JC, Coombs GH. The structure of Leishmania mexicana ICP provides evidence for convergent evolution of cysteine peptidase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:5821-8. [PMID: 16407198 PMCID: PMC1473161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510868200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clan CA, family C1 cysteine peptidases (CPs) are important virulence factors and drug targets in parasites that cause neglected diseases. Natural CP inhibitors of the I42 family, known as ICP, occur in some protozoa and bacterial pathogens but are absent from metazoa. They are active against both parasite and mammalian CPs, despite having no sequence similarity with other classes of CP inhibitor. Recent data suggest that Leishmania mexicana ICP plays an important role in host-parasite interactions. We have now solved the structure of ICP from L. mexicana by NMR and shown that it adopts a type of immunoglobulin-like fold not previously reported in lower eukaryotes or bacteria. The structure places three loops containing highly conserved residues at one end of the molecule, one loop being highly mobile. Interaction studies with CPs confirm the importance of these loops for the interaction between ICP and CPs and suggest the mechanism of inhibition. Structure-guided mutagenesis of ICP has revealed that residues in the mobile loop are critical for CP inhibition. Data-driven docking models support the importance of the loops in the ICP-CP interaction. This study provides structural evidence for the convergent evolution from an immunoglobulin fold of CP inhibitors with a cystatin-like mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O Smith
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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7
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Abstract
A novel class of Cathepsin B inhibitors has been developed with a 1,2,4-thiadiazole heterocycle as the thiol trapping pharmacophore. Several compounds with different dipeptide recognition sequence (i.e., P1'-P2'=Leu-Pro-OH or P2-P1=Cbz-Phe-Ala) at the C5 position and with different substituents (i.e., OMe, Ph, or COOH) at the C3 position of the 1,2,4-thiadiazole ring have been synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activities. The substituted thiadiazoles 3a-h inhibit Cat B in a time dependent, irreversible manner. A mechanism based on active-site directed inactivation of the enzyme by disulfide bond formation between the active site cysteine thiol and the sulfur atom of the heterocycle is proposed. Compound 3a (K(i)=2.6 microM, k(i)K(i)=5630 M(-1)s(-1)) with a C3 methoxy moiety and a Leu-Pro-OH dipeptide recognition sequence, is found to be the most potent inhibitor in this series. The enhanced inhibitory potency of 3a is a consequence of its increased enzyme binding affinity (lower K(i)) rather than its increased intrinsic reactivity (higher k(i)). In addition, 3a is inactive against Cathepsin S, is a poor inhibitor of Cathepsin H and is >100-fold more selective for Cat B over papain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis Leung-Toung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Apotex Research, Inc, 400 Ormont Drive, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9L 1N9
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8
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Yamashita DS, Xie R, Lin H, Wang B, Shi SDH, Quinn CJ, Hemling ME, Hissong C, Tomaszek TA, Veber DF. Benzodioxocin-3-ones and N-acyl-3-amino-3-buten-2-ones: novel classes of cathepsin K cysteine protease inhibitors. J Pept Res 2004; 63:265-9. [PMID: 15049838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, enzymologic, and protein mass spectrometric characterization of benzodioxocin-3-one and N-acyl-3-amino-3-buten-2-one inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin K are described. The benzodioxocin-3-one ring system is chemically unstable giving rise to a mixture of N-acyl-3-amino-3-buten-2-one and hemiketals. This mixture of N-acyl-3-amino-3-buten-2-one and hemiketals potently inhibits recombinant, human cathepsin K (IC50 = 36 nM) by a time-independent, irreversible mechanism. Formation of a covalent adduct between cathepsin K and inhibitor has been confirmed by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Yamashita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
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9
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Cassens U, Lewinski G, Samraj AK, von Bernuth H, Baust H, Khazaie K, Los M. Viral modulation of cell death by inhibition of caspases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2004; 51:19-27. [PMID: 12691301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are key effectors of the apoptotic process. Some of them play important roles in the immune system, being involved in the proteolytic maturation of the key cytokines, including interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18. The latter directs the production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Among pathogens, particularly viruses express various modulators of caspases that inhibit their activity by direct binding. By evading the apoptotic process, viruses can better control their production in the infected cell and avoid the attack of the immune system. Targeting the maturation of the key cytokines involved in the initiation of (antiviral) immune response helps to avoid recognition and eradication by the immune system. The three main classes of caspase inhibitors frequently found among viruses include serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins: CrmA/SPI-2), viral IAPs (vIAPs) and p35. Their molecular mechanisms of action, structures and overall influence on cellular physiology are discussed in the review below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Cassens
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Groenink J, Ruissen ALA, Lowies D, van 't Hof W, Veerman ECI, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Degradation of antimicrobial histatin-variant peptides in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. J Dent Res 2003; 82:753-7. [PMID: 12939363 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine-free variants of salivary histatin 5 have a broad antimicrobial activity against various bacteria. In relation to a possible therapeutic application, we were interested in the susceptibility of these small peptides (14 amino acids long) to microbial proteinases and whether this affects their antimicrobial activity. Analyses by SDS-PAGE of supernatants of peptide-bacteria incubation showed a reduction in protein bands within 15 minutes' incubation, as a result of cellular internalization. Degradation products of dhvar1 and dhvar2 appeared within one hour in the supernatants of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the variants dhvar3 and dhvar4 were more resistant to degradation under the same conditions. MALDI-TOF analyses identified cleavage of dhvar1 and dhvar2 at Glu(6). The N-terminal peptide part (1-6) of dhvar1 and 2 showed no bactericidal activity, while peptide fragment (7-14) showed a highly reduced bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Groenink
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Section of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Abstract
Animal allergens are common causes of both acute and chronic allergic disease. The most important animal allergens are derived from mammals, principally cats, dogs, rats, mice, horses, and cows, which secrete or excrete allergens into the environment. Allergic sensitization may occur at home or in the workplace. Cat and dog allergens commonly cause allergies in the home and affect the general population. Laboratory animal handlers often have allergic reactions to rats and mice. Cow dander allergy is usually caused by occupational exposure and occurs in farmers and farm workers. Horse allergy occurs among people who regularly handle horses, either professionally or for recreational purposes. Over the past 20 years, the major animal allergens have been defined and characterized with regard to their molecular structure, immunogenicity, and environmental distribution. One remarkable finding has been the fact that most of the mammalian allergens that have thus far been cloned belong to a single family of proteins called the lipocalins. In addition to these molecular similarities, it has also been shown that most of the animal allergens are quite similar with regard to their aerodynamic properties. Although much is yet to be learned, progress is being made in our knowledge regarding the steps that may be necessary to control exposure to these allergens through environmental modifications in both homes and occupational settings. These measures include source control, air filtration devices, barrier devices, removal of carpeting and other reservoirs, and, in some cases, washing of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Chapman
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908-5779, USA
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12
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Otsuka T, Muramatsu Y, Nakanishi T, Hatanaka H, Okamoto M, Hino M, Hashimoto S. WF14865A and B, new cathepsins B and L inhibitors produced by Aphanoascus fulvescens. I. Taxonomy, production, purification and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:449-58. [PMID: 10908107 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
WF14865A and B, novel cathepsins B and L inhibitors, were produced and isolated separately from the culture mycelium of a fungal strain Aphanoascus fulvescens No. 14865. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that both WF14865A and B were composed of trans-epoxysuccinyl moieties, 1-H-imidazole-2-ylamine, and isoleucine or leucine. These compounds inhibited human cathepsins B and L with IC50 values in the range of 8.4 approximately 72nM in vitro. Though their in vitro properties were typical as trans-epoxysuccinyl type inhibitors, they exerted strong bone resorption inhibitory effects in low-calcium-diet-fed mouse model at 3.2 approximately 10 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Otsuka
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Synnes M. Purification and characterization of two cysteine proteinase inhibitors from the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 121:257-64. [PMID: 9972299 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two cysteine proteinase inhibitors, designated Tromsin I and II, were purified from the skin of Atlantic salmon, using three steps of chromatography, including affinity, anion exchange and gelfiltration. The two cysteine proteinase inhibitors were both of the high molecular weight type, with apparent MW 49 and 76 kDa. The isoelectric points (pI) of Tromsin I and II were estimated to be 4.5 and 5.2, respectively. The inhibitors were both stained by the PAS reaction for carbohydrates, and showed a remarkable heat stability. Western blotting revealed that the inhibitors also could be found in significant amounts in serum. Tromsin I and II share many common features with members of the family 3 cystatins, i.e. mammalian kininogen, such as molecular weight, papain inhibition and tissue distribution. Based on N-terminal sequence from Tromsin II however, no homology with known cysteine proteinase inhibitors can be found. This does not exclude that the inhibitors belong to the family 3 cystatins, because the N-terminal amino acid sequences of known cysteine proteinase inhibitors show very low homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Synnes
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Norway
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14
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Joshi BN, Sainani MN, Bastawade KB, Gupta VS, Ranjekar PK. Cysteine protease inhibitor from pearl millet: a new class of antifungal protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 246:382-7. [PMID: 9610368 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A cysteine protease inhibitor exhibiting antifungal activity from pearl millet seeds has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatographic procedures involving CM- sephadex and SP-sepharose cation exchange columns. The molecular characterization has revealed its molecular mass as 24 kD and isoelectric point 9.8. The amino acid composition data shows presence of high content of serine and glycine (34 residues/mole) and absence of tryptophan. The inhibitor exhibits potent antifungal activity against Trichoderma reesei, a dead wood fungus with minimum inhibitory dose to inhibit mycelial growth or spore germination is as low as 1 microgram/ml (250 ng/disc). In addition to Trichoderma reesei, the antifungal activity is observed against some important phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Claviceps, Helminthosporium, Curvularia, Alternaria and Fusarium species. To the best of our knowledge, a cysteine protease inhibitor as an antifungal protein is reported for the first time from a plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Joshi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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15
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Livingston DJ. In vitro and in vivo studies of ICE inhibitors. J Cell Biochem 1997; 64:19-26. [PMID: 9015750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) is a cysteine protease responsible for proteolytic activation of the biologically inactive interleukin-1 beta precursor to the proinflammatory cytokine. ICE and homologous proteases also appear to mediate intracellular protein degradation during programmed cell death. Inhibition of ICE is a new antiinflammatory strategy being explored by the design of both reversible inhibitors and irreversible inactivators of the enzyme. Such compounds are capable of blocking release of interleukin-1 beta from human monocytes. ICE inhibitors that cross react against multiple ICE homologs can also block apoptosis in diverse cell types. ICE inhibitors impart protection in vivo from endotoxin-induced sepsis and collagen-induced polyarthritis in rodent models. Further optimization of the current generation of peptidyl ICE inhibitors will be required to produce agents suitable for administration in chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Livingston
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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16
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Tsukuda E, Tanaka T, Ochiai K, Kondo H, Yoshida M, Agatsuma T, Saitoh Y, Teshiba S, Matsuda Y. EI-1507-1 and -2, novel interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme inhibitors produced by Streptomyces sp. E-1507. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:333-9. [PMID: 8641994 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
EI-1507-1 and -2, novel interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors, were isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces sp. E-1507. EI-1507-1 and EI-1507-2 selectively inhibited the recombinant human ICE activity with IC50 values of 0.23 and 0.42 microM, respectively. EI-1507-1 and EI-1507-2 also inhibited mature interleukin-1 beta secretion from THP-1 cells with IC50 values of 1.1 and 1.4 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsukuda
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan
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17
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Lenarcic B, Ritonja A, Dolenc I, Stoka V, Berbic S, Pungercar J, Strukelj B, Turk V. Pig leukocyte cysteine proteinase inhibitor (PLCPI), a new member of the stefin family. FEBS Lett 1993; 336:289-92. [PMID: 8262248 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80822-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new stefin type low-M(r) cysteine proteinase inhibitor (PLCPI) was isolated from pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a contaminant of the cathelin sample. The inhibitor consists of 103 amino acids, and its M(r) was calculated to be 11,768. The inhibitor exhibits considerable sequence identity with inhibitors from the stefin family, particularly with human stefin A. The PLCPI is a fast acting inhibitor of papain and cathepsins L and S (k(ass) > or = 1 x 10(6) M-1 x s-1) and forms very tight complexes with these enzymes (Ki < or = 190 pM). The affinity for cathepsins B and H (Ki > or = 125 nM) was lower. These results also show that the inhibitory activity previously ascribed to cathelin was due to the presence of PLCPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lenarcic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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