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Urichuk M, Singh C, Zrinyi A, Lum Min SA, Keijzer R. Mental Health Outcomes of Mothers of Children With Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies Are Similar to Control Mothers: A Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:918-923. [PMID: 38365470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mothers of infants born with congenital gastrointestinal surgical anomalies experience a unique caregiving role. Whether these challenges result in more mental health diagnoses than the general population is unknown. This study assessed mental health diagnoses in mothers of children born with congenital surgical anomalies (CSA) compared to mothers of children without CSA. METHODS A total of 780 mothers of children with CSA (case-mothers) and 6994 control-mothers were included. Mental health diagnoses were obtained using International Classification of Diseases 9 codes from an administrative database. Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) of mental health diagnoses were determined for mothers following childbirth, controlling for socioeconomic status, mental health diagnoses prior to childbirth, and age at childbirth. Subgroup analyses were completed for anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The association between a woman's mental health history and becoming a case-mother was analyzed using risk ratios (RR). RESULTS Case-mothers were not at increased risk of mental health disorders compared to controls (HR = 1.00; CI95 = 0.92-1.09). In aggregate analysis, no increased risk of anxiety, depression, or PTSD was found. Subgroup analyses revealed that congenital diaphragmatic hernia case-mothers had an increased risk of depression (HR = 1.43; CI95 = 1.08-1.88). No other case-mothers were at increased risk of mental health diagnoses, anxiety, depression, or PTSD. Only omphalocele was associated with mental health diagnoses before childbirth (RR = 1.89; CI95 = 1.58-2.26). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, mothers of children with CSAs did not have a greater risk of a mental health disorder, anxiety, depression, or PTSD compared to control-mothers. Only mothers of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia had an increased risk of depression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Urichuk
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics & Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charanpal Singh
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics & Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anna Zrinyi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics & Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Suyin A Lum Min
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics & Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics & Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Stieren ES, Sankaran D, Lakshminrusimha S, Rottkamp CA. Comorbidities and Late Outcomes in Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:271-289. [PMID: 38325946 PMCID: PMC10850767 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Long-term outcomes of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) depend on disease severity, duration of ventilation, and associated anomalies. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors may have respiratory morbidities and developmental delay. The presence of PPHN is associated with increased mortality in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, though the effects on neurodevelopment are less clear. Preterm infants can develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) early in the postnatal course or later in the setting of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD-PH is associated with higher mortality, particularly within the first year. Evidence suggests that both early and late PH in preterm infants are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment.
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MESH Headings
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Humans
- Nitric Oxide
- Infant, Premature
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/epidemiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/complications
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/epidemiology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Stieren
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Deepika Sankaran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Rottkamp
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, USA
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Danzer E, Schreiber JE, Hoffman C, Mathew L, Flohr SJ, Eppley E, Land SD, Herkert L, Rintoul NE, Adzick NS, Hedrick HL. Prevalence and patterns of executive function, adaptive function, and behavioral outcomes in preschool and school age children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Early Hum Dev 2024; 188:105914. [PMID: 38103310 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function, adaptive function, and behavioral outcomes in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors have not been well studied. AIM To evaluate executive and neurobehavioral dysfunction in preschool and early school-aged children with CDH. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS All eligible CDH survivors ages 3 to 7 years enrolled in our follow-up program between February 2020 and February 2021. OUTCOME MEASURES The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 2nd Edition (ABAS-II), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to assess functional and behavioral outcomes. Summary scores were compared to standard population norms. RESULTS A total of 100 patients were enrolled during the study period. Of those, 73 parents completed at least one of the questionnaires, resulting in completion of the BRIEF, ABAS-II, and CBCL for 63, 68, and 63 patients, respectively. Preschool children had normal executive function (BRIEF-P) while global executive composite (P = 0.012) and the emotional regulation index (P = 0.010) for school age patients (BRIEF-2) were worse. CDH survivors had favorable adaptive functioning (ABAS-II). Mean CBCL scores for preschool attention problems (P = 0.018), school age attention problems (P = 0.001), and attention deficits hyperactivity problems (P = 0.027) were significantly worse. Prematurity, surrogate markers of disease severity, non-white race, and public insurance status were associated with worse neurobehavioral dysfunction in bivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS The majority of preschool and school age CDH survivors have age-appropriate executive, adaptive and behavioral functioning. CDH survivors, however, have lower executive function and attention scores compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Danzer
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jane E Schreiber
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Casey Hoffman
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leny Mathew
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabrina J Flohr
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Eppley
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sierra D Land
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Herkert
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Rintoul
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Scott Adzick
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly L Hedrick
- The Richard Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tho ALW, Rath CP, Tan JKG, Rao SC. Prevalence of symptomatic tracheal morbidities after fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 109:52-58. [PMID: 37419685 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) has been shown to improve survival of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). However, there are concerns that FETO may lead to tracheomegaly, tracheomalacia and related complications. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of symptomatic tracheal complications in infants who underwent FETO for CDH. Presence of one or more of the following was considered as tracheal complication: tracheomalacia, stenosis, laceration or tracheomegaly with symptoms such as stridor, effort-induced barking cough, recurrent chest infections or the need for tracheostomy, tracheal suturing, or stenting. Isolated tracheomegaly on imaging or routine bronchoscopy without clinical symptoms was not considered as tracheal morbidity. Statistical analysis was performed using the metaprop command on Stata V.16.0. RESULTS A total of 10 studies (449 infants) were included (6 retrospective cohort, 2 prospective cohort and 2 randomised controlled trials). There were 228 infants who survived to discharge. Prevalence rates of tracheal complications in infants born alive were 6% (95% CI 2% to 12%) and 12% (95% CI 4% to 22%) in those who survived to discharge. The spectrum of severity ranged from relatively mild symptoms such as effort-induced barking cough to the need for tracheostomy/tracheal stenting. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of FETO survivors have symptomatic tracheal morbidities of varying severity. Units that are planning to adopt FETO for managing CDH should consider ongoing surveillance of survivors to enable early identification of upper airway issues. Inventing FETO devices that minimise tracheal injury is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lye Wye Tho
- Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chandra Prakash Rath
- Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jason Khay Ghim Tan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Unit, Paediatrics, Joondalup Health Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shripada C Rao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Turial S, Stimming F, Lux A, Koehn A, Rissmann A. Prevalence and One-Year Survival of Selected Major Congenital Anomalies in Germany: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2023; 33:403-413. [PMID: 36577437 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital anomalies play an important role in infant mortality worldwide. The present study aims to present the current data on the prevalence rates and the 1-year survival rates for selected major congenital anomalies in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were collected systematically by the Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt. Cohort from 2000 to 2017 was retrospectively analyzed to determine the prevalence rates and the survival rates of nine major congenital anomalies. The survival analysis was conducted, including all pregnancy outcomes and various risk factors. RESULTS In total, 1,012 cases of the selected congenital anomalies were registered. The total prevalence rates ranged from 2.5 (congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH]) to 5.8 (spina bifida [SB]) per 10,000. The live birth prevalence was lower. In total, 88.3% of live-born cases survived the first year. The 1-year survival rate of all cases, including fetal losses, was merely 61.7%. There was no continual improvement in survival during the study period noted. The 1-year survival rate was 35.7% for "genetic" malformations, 57.6% for "multiple congenital anomalies," and 68.6% for "isolated" cases, with 44.6% for prenatally detected anomalies and 85.2% for postnatally identified anomalies. Gestational age less than 31 weeks and birth weight below 1,000 g affected the survival rate adversely. CONCLUSION The survival rate of infants suffering from congenital anomalies in Saxony-Anhalt is comparable to that reported by national and international studies. Registering all pregnancy outcomes irrespective of whether they result in a live birth, stillbirth, or fetal loss in a malformation register seems to be important as it affects the statistical survival analysis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmai Turial
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Trauma Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Centre Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Stimming
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Trauma Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Centre Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Lux
- Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Koehn
- Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Malformation Monitoring Centre of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Malformation Monitoring Centre of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany
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Umeda S, Yoshida M, Matsumoto S, Sakai T, Noguchi Y, Matsuura R, Zenitani M, Usui N. Analysis of factors associated with undescended testis in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:273. [PMID: 37718339 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical factors associated with undescended testes (UDT) in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the incidence of UDT in male neonates admitted to our institution and underwent surgery for CDH between January 2006 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of UDT, and risk factors for UDT were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Among the 66 male neonates with CDH, 16 (24.2%) developed UDT. Patients with UDT had a significantly smaller gestational age (p = 0.026), lower birth weight (p = 0.042), and lower Apgar score at 1 min (p = 0.016) than those without UDT. They had a significantly higher incidence of large diaphragmatic defects (p = 0.005), received more patch closures (p = 0.020), had a longer mechanical ventilation period (p = 0.034), and longer hospital stay (p = 0.028). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that large diaphragmatic defect was an independent risk factor for UDT (adjusted odds ratio of 3.87). CONCLUSION CDH and UDT are strongly correlated. In patients with CDH, the incidence of UDT was related not only to patients' prematurity but also to the large diaphragmatic defect. Large diaphragmatic defect is an independent risk factor for UDT in patients with CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Sayaka Matsumoto
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sakai
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yuki Noguchi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Rei Matsuura
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Masahiro Zenitani
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Noriaki Usui
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
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Burgos CM, Gupta VS, Conner P, Frenckner B, Lally KP, Ebanks AH, Harting MT. Syndromic congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Current incidence and outcome. Analysis from the congenital diaphragmatic hernia study group registry. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1265-1273. [PMID: 37418285 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, CDH, associated with known or clinically suspected syndromes, and the postnatal outcomes from a large database for CDH. METHODS Data from the multicenter, multinational database on infants with CDH (Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group Registry) born from 1996 to 2020 were analyzed. Patients with known or suspected syndromes were grouped and outcome data were analyzed and compared to those without syndromic features. RESULTS A total of 12,553 patients were entered in the registry during the study period, and 421 had reported known syndromes, representing 3.4% of all CDH cases in the registry. A total of 50 different associated syndromes were reported. In addition to those with clinically suspected genetic conditions, a total rate of genetic syndromes with CDH was 8.2%. The overall survival to discharge for syndromic CDH was 34% and for non-syndromic CDH was 76.7%. The most common were syndromes Fryns syndrome (19.7% of all syndromes, 17% survival), trisomy 18 or Edward syndrome (17.5%, 9% survival), trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (9%, 47% survival), trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome (6.7%, 14% survival), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (6.4% of all syndromes, 22% survival) and Pallister-Killian syndrome (5.5% of all syndromes, 39.1% survival). In addition, 379 cases had reported chromosomal anomalies and 233 cases had clinically suspected syndromes, based on two more dysmorphic features or malformations in addition to CDH, but without molecular diagnosis. The syndromic CDH group had lower birth weight and gestational age at birth and increased incidence of bilateral CDH (2.9%) and rates of non-repair (53%). The length of hospital stay was longer, and larger number of patients needed O2 at 30 days. Extracorporeal life support was used only in 15% of the cases. Those who underwent surgical repair had survival to discharge rates of 73%. CONCLUSION Syndromic CDH is rare and only 3.4% of the reported cases of CDH have a known syndrome or association, but, if including patients with two dysmorphic features malformations, in addition to CDH, altogether as many as 8.2% have a diagnosed or suspected genetic condition. These children have with lower survival rates. Given higher rates of non-repair and decreased extracorporeal life support use, along with a high early mortality, decision-making regarding goals of care clearly influences outcomes. Survival varies depending on the genetic cause. Early genetic diagnosis is important and may influence the decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mesas Burgos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vikas S Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Conner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Frenckner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin P Lally
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley H Ebanks
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew T Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Scavacini Marinonio AS, Harumi Miyoshi M, Testoni Costa-Nobre D, Sanudo A, Nema Areco KC, Daripa Kawakami M, Xavier Balda RDC, Konstantyner T, Bandiera-Paiva P, Vieira de Freitas RM, Correia Morais LC, La Porte Teixeira M, Cunha Waldvogel B, Veiga Kiffer CR, Branco de Almeida MF, Guinsburg R. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a middle-income country: Persistent high lethality during a 12-year period. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281723. [PMID: 36763629 PMCID: PMC9916629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high- and middle-income countries, mortality associated to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is high and variable. In Brazil, data is scarce regarding the prevalence, mortality, and lethality of CDH. This study aimed to analyze, in São Paulo state of Brazil, the temporal trends of prevalence, neonatal mortality and lethality of CDH and identify the time to CDH-associated neonatal death. METHODS Population-based study of all live births with gestational age ≥ 22 weeks, birthweight ≥400g, from mothers residing in São Paulo State, Brazil, during 2004-2015. CDH definition and its subgroups classification were based on ICD-10 codes reported in the death and/or live birth certificates. CDH-associated neonatal death was defined as death up to 27 days after birth of infants with CDH. CDH prevalence, neonatal mortality and lethality were calculated and their annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was analyzed by Prais-Winsten. Kaplan-Meier estimator identified the time after birth that CDH-associated neonatal death occurred. RESULTS CDH prevalence was 1.67 per 10,000 live births, with a significant increase throughout the period (APC 2.55; 95%CI 1.30 to 3.83). CDH neonatal mortality also increased over the time (APC 2.09; 95%CI 0.27 to 3.94), while the lethality was 78.78% and remained stationary. For isolated CDH, CDH associated to non-chromosomal anomalies and CDH associated to chromosomal anomalies the lethality was, respectively, 72.25%, 91.06% and 97.96%, during the study period. For CDH as a whole and for all subgroups, 50% of deaths occurred within the first day after birth. CONCLUSIONS During a 12-year period in São Paulo State, Brazil, CDH prevalence and neonatal mortality showed a significant increase, while lethality remained stable, yet very high, compared to rates reported in high income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milton Harumi Miyoshi
- Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Sanudo
- Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mandira Daripa Kawakami
- Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tulio Konstantyner
- Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bandiera-Paiva
- Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Guinsburg
- Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Peppa M, De Stavola BL, Loukogeorgakis S, Zylbersztejn A, Gilbert R, De Coppi P. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia subtypes: Comparing birth prevalence, occurrence by maternal age, and mortality in a national birth cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:143-153. [PMID: 36441118 PMCID: PMC10099870 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based administrative data have rarely been used to compare the birth prevalence, risk factors for occurrence, and mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) subtypes. OBJECTIVES We used a national birth cohort to identify CDH subtypes and compared their birth prevalence, relationship with maternal age after accounting for sociodemographic factors, and 1-year mortality rates. METHODS Linked hospital admission and death records were used to identify isolated and complex CDH cases (involving additional anomalies) among singleton livebirths in England between 2002 and 2018. The prevalence of each CDH subtype per 10,000 livebirths was estimated overall and by infant, birth and maternal characteristics. The relationship between maternal age and each subtype relative to no CDH was examined using multivariable log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs). One-year mortality rates were examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and the hazard ratio (HR) of complex versus isolated CDH was calculated using Cox regression. RESULTS Among 9.5 million livebirths, we identified 1285 with isolated CDH and 1150 with complex CDH. The overall prevalence of isolated and complex CDH was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 1.4) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1, 1.3) per 10,000 livebirths, respectively. Only complex CDH was associated with maternal age. Compared with maternal age 25-34 years, complex CDH risk was elevated for maternal age < 20 years (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00, 1.72). Risk was highest for maternal age ≥ 40 years (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21, 2.15) although accounting for chromosomal anomalies attenuated the risk (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00, 1.92). The 1-year mortality rate for complex CDH (33.1%, 95% CI 30.5, 35.9) was slightly higher than for isolated CDH (29.7%, 95% CI 27.3, 32.3) (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96, 1.27). CONCLUSIONS Mechanisms of occurrence differed between and within CDH subtypes and 1-year mortality of complex CDH was slightly higher than for isolated CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peppa
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Bianca L. De Stavola
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Stavros Loukogeorgakis
- Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery UnitGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - Ania Zylbersztejn
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Ruth Gilbert
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery UnitGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
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10
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Zhao YL, Wang Y, Liu C, Jiang YL, Wei YD, Meng H, Jian S, Zhu XT, Pei LJ, Bai XC, Feng F, Lv Y, Zhou XY, Qi QW, Li JN, Ji W, Ma LS. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients: a single-center retrospective study. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1113-1123. [PMID: 35670846 PMCID: PMC9170880 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS We retrospectively collected and compared the data of patients with CDH admitted between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021(study group) with the CDH patients admitted before the pandemic between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 (control group). RESULTS During the pandemic, 41 patients with CDH diagnosed prenatally were transferred to our hospital, and 40 underwent surgical repair. The number of patients treated in our hospital increased by 24.2% compared with the 33 patients before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the overall survival rate, postoperative survival rate and recurrence rate were 85.4%, 87.5% and 7.3%, respectively, and there were no significant differences compared with the control group (75.8%, 83.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The average length of hospital stay in patients admitted during the pandemic was longer than that in the control group (31 days vs. 16 days, P < 0.001), and the incidence of nosocomial infection was higher than that in the control group (19.5% vs. 3%, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS CDH patients confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 infection-free can receive routine treatment. Our data indicate that the implementation of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with appropriate screening and case evaluation, do not have a negative impact on the prognosis of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Zhao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wei
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jian
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ting Zhu
- Everest Clinical Research Corporation, New Jersey, USA
| | - Li-Jian Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ya Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Wei Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Na Li
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Interventional Hemangioma, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Shuang Ma
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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11
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Rocke AW, Clarke TG, Dalmer TRA, McCluskey SA, Rivas JFG, Clugston RD. Low maternal vitamin A intake increases the incidence of teratogen induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in mice. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:83-91. [PMID: 33654278 PMCID: PMC8770141 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect associated with high perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. The etiology of CDH is poorly understood although abnormal retinoid signaling has been proposed to contribute to abnormal diaphragm development. Existing epidemiological data suggest that inadequate dietary vitamin A intake is a risk factor for developing CDH. METHODS Using a mouse model of teratogen-induced CDH, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that low maternal vitamin A intake contributes to abnormal diaphragm development. To test this hypothesis, we optimized a model of altered maternal dietary vitamin A intake and a teratogenic model of CDH in mice that recapitulates the hallmark features of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia in humans. RESULTS Our data uniquely show that low maternal dietary vitamin A intake and marginal vitamin A status increases the incidence of teratogen-induced CDH in mice. CONCLUSION Low dietary vitamin A intake and marginal vitamin A status lead to an increased incidence of teratogen-induced CDH in mice, highlighting the importance of adequate dietary vitamin A intake and CDH risk. IMPACT This study describes and validates a mouse model of altered maternal and fetal vitamin A status. This study links existing epidemiological data with a mouse model of teratogen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia, highlighting the importance of low maternal vitamin A intake as a risk factor for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This study supports the Retinoid Hypothesis, which posits that the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is linked to abnormal retinoid signaling in the developing diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanna W Rocke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tianna G Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy R A Dalmer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sydney A McCluskey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan F Garcia Rivas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robin D Clugston
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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12
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Bendixen C, Reutter H. The Role of De Novo Variants in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091405. [PMID: 34573387 PMCID: PMC8466043 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a common and severe birth defect, is still incompletely understood. Chromosomal aneuploidies, copy number variations (CNVs), and variants in a large panel of CDH-associated genes, both de novo and inherited, have been described. Due to impaired reproductive fitness, especially of syndromic CDH patients, and still significant mortality rates, the contribution of de novo variants to the genetic background of CDH is assumed to be high. This assumption is supported by the relatively low recurrence rate among siblings. Advantages in high-throughput genome-wide genotyping and sequencing methods have recently facilitated the detection of de novo variants in CDH. This review gives an overview of the known de novo disease-causing variants in CDH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bendixen
- Unit of Paediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Division of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Apfeld JC, Kastenberg ZJ, Gibbons AT, Carmichael SL, Lee HC, Sylvester KG. Treating Center Volume and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Outcomes in California. J Pediatr 2020; 222:146-153.e1. [PMID: 32418817 PMCID: PMC7546600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examined outcomes for infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH), according to specific treatment center volume indicators. STUDY DESIGN A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted involving neonatal intensive care units in California. Multivariable analysis was used to examine the outcomes of infants with CDH including mortality, total days on ventilation, and respiratory support at discharge. Significant covariables of interest included treatment center surgical and overall neonatal intensive care unit volumes. RESULTS There were 728 infants in the overall CDH cohort, and 541 infants (74%) in the lower risk subcohort according to a severity-weighted congenital malformation score and never requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The overall cohort mortality was 28.3% (n = 206), and 19.8% (n = 107) for the subcohort. For the lower risk subcohort, the adjusted odds of mortality were significantly lower at treatment centers with higher CDH repair volume (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23-0.75; P = .003), ventilator days were significantly lower at centers with higher thoracic surgery volume (OR, 0.56; 9 5% CI, 0.33-0.95; P = .03), and respiratory support at discharge trended lower at centers with higher neonatal intensive care unit admission volumes (OR, 0.51; 9 5% CI, 0.26-1.02; P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Overall and surgery-specific institutional experience significantly contribute to optimized outcomes for infants with CDH. These data and follow-on studies may help inform the ongoing debate over the optimal care setting and relevant quality indicators for newborn infants with major surgical anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Apfeld
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Zachary J Kastenberg
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Center for Fetal and Maternal Health, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Henry C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC), Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Karl G Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Center for Fetal and Maternal Health, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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14
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Hysinger EB, Bates AJ, Higano NS, Benscoter D, Fleck RJ, Hart CK, Burg G, De Alarcon A, Kingma PS, Woods JC. Ultrashort Echo-Time MRI for the Assessment of Tracheomalacia in Neonates. Chest 2019; 157:595-602. [PMID: 31862439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoscopy is the gold standard for evaluating tracheomalacia; however, reliance on an invasive procedure limits understanding of normal airway dynamics. Self-gated ultrashort echo-time MRI (UTE MRI) can assess tracheal dynamics but has not been rigorously evaluated. METHODS This study was a validation of UTE MRI diagnosis of tracheomalacia in neonates using bronchoscopy as the gold standard. Bronchoscopies were reviewed for the severity and location of tracheomalacia based on standardized criteria. The percent change in cross-sectional area (CSA) of the trachea between end-inspiration and end-expiration was determined by UTE MRI, and receiver-operating curves were used to determine the optimal cutoff values to predict tracheomalacia and determine positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS Airway segments with tracheomalacia based on bronchoscopy had a more than threefold change in CSA measured from UTE MRI (54.4 ± 56.1% vs 14.8 ± 19.5%; P < .0001). UTE MRI correlated moderately with bronchoscopy for tracheomalacia severity (ρ = 0.39; P = .0001). Receiver-operating curves, however, showed very good ability of UTE MRI to identify tracheomalacia (area under the curve, 0.78). A "loose" definition (> 20% change in CSA) of tracheomalacia had good sensitivity (80%) but low specificity (64%) for identifying tracheomalacia based on UTE MRI, whereas a "strict" definition (> 40% change in CSA) was poorly sensitive (48%) but highly specific (93%). CONCLUSIONS Self-gated UTE MRI can noninvasively assess tracheomalacia in neonates without sedation, ionizing radiation, or increased risk. This technique overcomes major limitations of other diagnostic modalities and may be suitable for longitudinal population studies of tracheal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Hysinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Alister J Bates
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nara S Higano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Dan Benscoter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Robert J Fleck
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Catherine K Hart
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Gregory Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alessandro De Alarcon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jason C Woods
- Departments of Pediatrics & Radiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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15
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Sahoo T, Sivanandan S, Thomas D, Verma A, Thukral A, Sankar MJ, Agarwal R, Deorari AK. Predictors of Mortality among Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Experience from an Inborn Unselected Cohort in India. Indian Pediatr 2019; 56:1037-1040. [PMID: 31884435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical profile and predictors of mortality in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS Demographic and clinical parameters of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic heria (n=37) between January 2014 and October, 2017 were reviewed, and compared among those who survived or expired in hospital. RESULTS Median (range) gestation and birthweight were 38 (37-39) weeks and 2496 (2044-2889) g, respectively. Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) was documented in 19 (51%) neonates and 10 (27%) had associated malformations. Surgery could be performed in 18 (49%), overall mortality was 60%. On univariate analysis, low Apgar scores, presence of malformations, PPHN, need for higher initial peak inspiratory pressure/high frequency ventilation, and requirement of a patch for closure were associated with increased mortality. On multivariate analysis, PPHN remained the only significant risk factor [adjusted RR 3.74 (95% CI 1.45-9.68)]. CONCLUSIONS The survival of infants with CDH is low, and PPHN is an important predictor of mortality.
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MESH Headings
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/complications
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/epidemiology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/mortality
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/surgery
- Humans
- India/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/surgery
- Male
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Sahoo
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sindhu Sivanandan
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deena Thomas
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Thukral
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Anu Thukral, Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, WHO Collaborating Centre for Education and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029.
| | - M Jeeva Sankar
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Agarwal
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok K Deorari
- Division of Neonatology, Newborn Health Knowledge Centre (NHKC), WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Guner YS, Harting MT, Fairbairn K, Delaplain PT, Zhang L, Chen Y, Kabeer MH, Yu P, Cleary JP, Stein JE, Stolar C, Nguyen DV. Outcomes of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with venovenous versus venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A propensity score approach. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2092-2099. [PMID: 30318280 PMCID: PMC6192269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies comparing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) modality for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have not accounted for confounding by indication. We therefore hypothesized that using a propensity score (PS) approach to account for selection bias may identify outcome differences based on ECMO modality for infants with CDH. METHODS We utilized ELSO Registry data (2000-2016). Patients with CDH were divided to either venoarterial (VA) or venovenous (VV) ECMO. Patients were matched by PS to control for nonrandom treatment assignment. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on timing of CDH repair relative to ECMO. Primary analysis was the "intent-to-treat" cohort based on the initial ECMO mode. Mortality was the primary outcome, and severe neurologic injury (SNI) was a secondary outcome. RESULTS PS matching (3:1) identified 3304 infants (VA = 2470, VV = 834). In the main group, mortality was not different between VA and VV ECMO (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86-1.18) and there was no difference in SNI between VA and VV (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.63-1.01). For the pre-ECMO CDH repair subgroup, 175 VA cases were matched to 70 VV. In these neonates, mortality was higher for VV compared to VA (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.19-3.69), without any difference in SNI (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 0.59-3.71). For the subgroup that did not have pre-ECMO CDH repair, 2030 VA cases were matched to 683 VV cases. In this subgroup, VV was associated with 27% lower risk of SNI relative to VA (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95) without any difference in mortality (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79-1.11). CONCLUSION This study revalidates that ECMO mode does not significantly affect mortality or SNI in infants with CDH. In the subset of infants who require pre-ECMO CDH repair, VA favors survival, whereas, in the subgroup of infants that did not have pre-ECMO CDH repair, VV favors lower rates of SNI. We conclude that neither mode appears consistently superior across all situations, and clinical judgment should remain a multifactorial decision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit S Guner
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Orange, CA; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Orange, CA.
| | - Matthew T Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kelly Fairbairn
- Community Memorial Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ventura, CA
| | - Patrick T Delaplain
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Orange, CA; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery
| | - Lishi Zhang
- University of California Irvine Biostatistics, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science Irvine, CA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- University of California Irvine Biostatistics, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science Irvine, CA
| | - Mustafa H Kabeer
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Orange, CA; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Orange, CA
| | - Peter Yu
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Orange, CA; University of California Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Orange, CA
| | - John P Cleary
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Neonatalogy, Orange, CA
| | - James E Stein
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery
| | - Charles Stolar
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York; California Pediatric Surgical Group, Santa Barbara
| | - Danh V Nguyen
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Orange, CA
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17
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Morgan V. Report review Perinatal mortality and morbidity: A retrospective. Pract Midwife 2017; 20:30-33. [PMID: 30730631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The UK stillbirth and neonatal mortality rate has fallen by a fifth in the last decade; however, stillbirth rates continue to be among the highest of high-income countries.The Government wants to halve the rate of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in England by 2030, with a 20 per cent reduction by 2020 (O'Connor 2016). MBRRACE-UK runs the Maternal, Newborn and Infant Clinical Outcome Review Programme (MNI-CORP). Maternity units should notify all maternal deaths, stillbirths, perinatal deaths and infant deaths to MBRRACE-UK, who analyse the data and publish surveillance reports. Here, findings from the surveillance reports about congenital diaphragmatic hernia, perinatal deaths and stillbirths are reviewed, and recommendations made for practice.
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18
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Benoist G, Mokhtari M, Deschildre A, Khen-Dunlop N, Storme L, Benachi A, Delacourt C. Risk of Readmission for Wheezing during Infancy in Children with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155556. [PMID: 27171167 PMCID: PMC4865179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with a high incidence of respiratory problems, even after initial hospital discharge. These problems are likely to lead to re-hospitalization during infancy, although actual frequency of readmissions is unknown. Objective We aimed to determine the rate of hospitalization for wheezing in infants with CDH between the time of initial discharge and 24 months of age, and to identify factors associated with readmission. Methods Data about infants with CDH born in three French reference tertiary centers between January 2009 and March 2013 who were alive at hospital discharge, were extracted from a prospective national database. Results Ninety-two children were identified, and 86 were included in the analysis. In total, 116 wheezing episodes requiring a doctor’s visit occurred in 50 infants (58%) before 24 months of age. Twenty-two children (26%) were readmitted at least once for wheezing exacerbations. RSV was present in 6 of 15 (40%) of children with available nasal samples at first readmission, and 1 of 5 (20%) at second readmission. Thoracic herniation of the liver, low gestational age, longer initial hospitalization, need for oxygen therapy at home, and eczema were all significantly associated with readmission for wheezing exacerbations. Fifty-three infants (62%) received palivizumab prophylaxis, but there was no association with the overall rate of readmission for wheezing exacerbations or RSV-related hospitalization. Conclusions The rate of readmission for wheezing among infants with CDH is high, and significantly influenced by several prenatal and neonatal factors. Palivizumab prophylaxis was not associated with the rate of readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoire Benoist
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Naziha Khen-Dunlop
- Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandra Benachi
- Gynécologie Obstétrique, Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Paris, France, Centre de Référence des Hernies Diaphragmatiques, Clamart, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, Roth MP. ASSOCIATED NON DIAPHRAGMATIC ANOMALIES AMONG CASES WITH CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA. Genet Couns 2015; 26:281-298. [PMID: 26625659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often have other associated anomalies. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the prevalence and the types of associated anomalies in CDH in a defined population. The anomalies associated with CDH were collected in all live births, stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy during 29 years in 386,088 consecutive pregnancies of known outcome in the area covered by our population based registry of congenital anomalies. Of the 139 cases with CDH born during this period (total prevalence of 3.60 per 10,000), 85 (61.2%) had associated major anomalies. There were 25 (18.0%) cases with chromosomal abnormalities including 12 trisomies 18, and 24 (17.3%) nonchromosomal recognized dysmorphic conditions. There were no predominant recognized dysmorphic conditions, but Fryns syndrome. However, other recognized dysmorphic conditions were registered including fetal alcohol syndrome, de Lange syndrome, sequences (laterality sequence and ectopia cordis), and complexes (limb body wall complex). Thirty six (25.9%) of the cases had non syndromic multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Anomalies of the cardiovascular system (n = 53, 27.5%), the urogenital system (n = 34, 17.6%), the musculoskeletal system (n = 29, 15.0%), and the central nervous system (n = 19, 9.8%) were the most common other congenital anomalies. We observed specific patterns of anomalies associated with CDH which emphasizes the need to evaluate all patients with CDH for possible associated malformations. In conclusion the overall prevalence of associated anomalies, which was close to two in three infants, emphasizes the need for a thorough investigation of cases with CDH. A routine screening for other anomalies may be considered in infants and in fetuses with CDH. One should be aware that the anomalies associated with CDH can be classified into a recognizable anomaly, syndrome or pattern in more than one out of two cases with CDH.
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Georgescu R, Chiuţu L, Nemeş R, Georgescu I, Stoica A, Georgescu E. Possibilities and limits in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Med Life 2014; 7:433-9. [PMID: 25408771 PMCID: PMC4233455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM to establish a therapeutic strategy that will improve the prognosis and increase the survival rate in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. MATERIAL AND METHOD 14 congenital diaphragmatic hernias (incidence 1/1597 live births, 12 boys and 2 girls with a sex ratio of 6/1, 10 term infants and 4 preterm first degree, 11 natural births and 3 by caesarean section) admitted to the Clinic of Pediatric Surgery Craiova, in a 5-year period (2007-2012), were analyzed from the therapeutic point of view. The "tension free" primary suture was the main surgical procedure to repair the diaphragmatic defect in all cases, preceded by a period of preoperative resuscitation and stabilization (2.8 days on average). RESULTS We registered a survival rate of 64.29% and a postoperative mortality rate of 35.71%. CONCLUSIONS delayed surgery preceded by a period of the preoperative respiratory resuscitation and stabilization (24-72 hours on average) significantly reduced postoperative mortality and increased the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Georgescu
- 1st Surgical Clinic, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - L Chiuţu
- Intensive Care Unit, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - R Nemeş
- 1st Surgical Clinic, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - I Georgescu
- 1st Surgical Clinic, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - A Stoica
- Pediatric Surgical Clinic, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - E Georgescu
- 1st Surgical Clinic, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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Yokota K, Uchida H, Kaneko K, Ono Y, Murase N, Makita S, Hayakawa M. Surgical complications, especially gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal adhesion obstruction, and diaphragmatic hernia recurrence, are major sequelae in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30:895-9. [PMID: 25106890 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize the surgical complications, especially gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), intestinal adhesion obstruction (IAO), and diaphragmatic hernia recurrence, in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS Between January 1995 and December 2013, we determined the incidence of surgical complications and their predictors in CDH patients. We also examined whether the CDH repair and patch closure were associated with the incidence of IAO and the severity of adhesion. RESULTS Seventy-four CDH survivors were evaluated. GERD occurred in 28 patients (37.8%) and recurred in 8 patients (10.8%). Stomach herniation was a risk factor for GERD, and occurred in 25 patients. IAO occurred in 13 patients (17.6%). In 240 neonatal laparotomies in the same period, the incidence of IAO was significantly higher in patients who underwent CDH repair than in patients who underwent other neonatal laparotomy (p = 0.023). Surgical time and intraoperative bleeding were significantly greater following CDH repair with an artificial patch compared with CDH repair with direct closure. CONCLUSION Surgical complications are major sequelae in survivors of CDH repair. CDH repair and artificial patch closure were significantly associated with the incidence of IAO and the severity of adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yokota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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