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Lee KJ, Dekkers BJ, Steinbrecher T, Walsh CT, Bacic A, Bentsink L, Leubner-Metzger G, Knox JP. Distinct cell wall architectures in seed endosperms in representatives of the Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. Plant Physiol 2012; 160:1551-66. [PMID: 22961130 PMCID: PMC3490593 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In some species, a crucial role has been demonstrated for the seed endosperm during germination. The endosperm has been shown to integrate environmental cues with hormonal networks that underpin dormancy and seed germination, a process that involves the action of cell wall remodeling enzymes (CWREs). Here, we examine the cell wall architectures of the endosperms of two related Brassicaceae, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the close relative Lepidium (Lepidium sativum), and that of the Solanaceous species, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The Brassicaceae species have a similar cell wall architecture that is rich in pectic homogalacturonan, arabinan, and xyloglucan. Distinctive features of the tobacco endosperm that are absent in the Brassicaceae representatives are major tissue asymmetries in cell wall structural components that reflect the future site of radicle emergence and abundant heteromannan. Cell wall architecture of the micropylar endosperm of tobacco seeds has structural components similar to those seen in Arabidopsis and Lepidium endosperms. In situ and biomechanical analyses were used to study changes in endosperms during seed germination and suggest a role for mannan degradation in tobacco. In the case of the Brassicaceae representatives, the structurally homogeneous cell walls of the endosperm can be acted on by spatially regulated CWRE expression. Genetic manipulations of cell wall components present in the Arabidopsis seed endosperm demonstrate the impact of cell wall architectural changes on germination kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J.D. Lee
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.); Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany (T.S., G.L.-M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.T.W., A.B.)
| | - Bas J.W. Dekkers
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.); Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany (T.S., G.L.-M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.T.W., A.B.)
| | | | - Cherie T. Walsh
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.); Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany (T.S., G.L.-M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.T.W., A.B.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.); Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany (T.S., G.L.-M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.T.W., A.B.)
| | - Leónie Bentsink
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.); Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany (T.S., G.L.-M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.T.W., A.B.)
| | | | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.); Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.); University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany (T.S., G.L.-M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (C.T.W., A.B.)
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Sobol M, Gonzalez-Camacho F, Rodríguez-Vilariño V, Kordyum E, Medina FJ. Subnucleolar location of fibrillarin and NopA64 in Lepidium sativum root meristematic cells is changed in altered gravity. Protoplasma 2006; 228:209-19. [PMID: 16838080 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-006-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillarin and the plant nucleolin homolog NopA64 are two important nucleolar proteins involved in pre-rRNA processing. In order to determine the effects of the altered gravity environment on the nucleolus, we have investigated the location of fibrillarin and NopA64 in nucleolar subcomponents of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) root meristematic cells grown under clinorotation, which reproduces an important feature of microgravity, namely, the absence of the orienting action of a gravity vector, and compared it to the location in control cells grown in normal 1 g conditions. Prior to these experiments, we report here the characterization of cress fibrillarin as a 41 kDa protein which can be isolated from meristematic cells in three nuclear fractions, namely, the soluble ribonucleoprotein fraction, the chromatin fraction, and the nuclear-matrix fraction. Furthermore, as reported for other species, the location of both fibrillarin and NopA64 in the cress cell nucleolus was in zones known to contain complex ribonucleoprotein particles involved in early pre-rRNA processing, i.e., processomes. Under altered gravity, a decrease in the quantity of both fibrillarin and NopA64 compared to controls was observed in the transition zone between fibrillar centers and the dense fibrillar component, as well as in the bulk of the dense fibrillar component. These data suggest that altered (reduced) gravity results in a lowered level of functional activity in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sobol
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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