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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK. New insight on the possible role of statins in Vascular Parkinsonism: A need for presumptive therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102209. [PMID: 38286334 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vascular Parkinsonism (VP) is clinical term represents a progressive ischemic changes and subcortical lacunar infarct leading to Parkinsonism mainly in the lower limbs so called lower body Parkinsonism. The VP neuropathology is differed from that of PD neuropathology which rarely associated with basal ganglion lesions. Dopamine transporters are normal in VP but are highly reduced in PD, and dopaminergic agonists had no effective role on VP. The neuropathological mechanisms of VP are related to vascular injury which induces the interruption of the neural connection between basal ganglion and cerebral cortex. Hyperlipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors augment VP risk and the related neuropathology. Targeting of these cardiometabolic disorders by lipid-lowering statins may be effective in the management of VP. Therefore, this mini-review aims to clarify the possible role of statins in the management of VP. Statins have neuroprotective effects against different neurodegenerative diseases by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic effects with enhancement of endothelial function. In conclusion, statins can prevent and treat VP by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, mitigating of white matter hyperintensities and improving of neuronal signaling pathways. Additional preclinical, clinical trials and prospective studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Foucher JR, Hirjak D, Walther S, Dormegny-Jeanjean LC, Humbert I, Mainberger O, de Billy CC, Schorr B, Vercueil L, Rogers J, Ungvari G, Waddington J, Berna F. From one to many: Hypertonia in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis an integrative review and adversarial collaboration report. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:66-81. [PMID: 37059654 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Different types of resistance to passive movement, i.e. hypertonia, were described in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) long before the introduction of antipsychotics. While these have been rediscovered in antipsychotic-naïve patients and their non-affected relatives, the existence of intrinsic hypertonia vs drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in treated SSD remains controversial. This integrative review seeks to develop a commonly accepted framework to specify the putative clinical phenomena, highlight conflicting issues and discuss ways to challenge each hypothesis and model through adversarial collaboration. The authors agreed on a common framework inspired from systems neuroscience. Specification of DIP, locomotor paratonia (LMP) and psychomotor paratonia (PMP) identified points of disagreement. Some viewed parkinsonian rigidity to be sufficient for diagnosing DIP, while others viewed DIP as a syndrome that should include bradykinesia. Sensitivity of DIP to anticholinergic drugs and the nature of LPM and PMP were the most debated issues. It was agreed that treated SSD should be investigated first. Clinical features of the phenomena at issue could be confirmed by torque, EMG and joint angle measures that could help in challenging the selectivity of DIP to anticholinergics. LMP was modeled as the release of the reticular formation from the control of the supplementary motor area (SMA), which could be challenged by the tonic vibration reflex or acoustic startle. PMP was modeled as the release of primary motor cortex from the control of the SMA and may be informed by subclinical echopraxia. If these challenges are not met, this would put new constraints on the models and have clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Foucher
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU.
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany, EU
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic C Dormegny-Jeanjean
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Ilia Humbert
- CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Olivier Mainberger
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Clément C de Billy
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Benoit Schorr
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU; Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Laurent Vercueil
- Unité de neurophysiologie clinique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, France, EU; INSERM U1216, Institut de neurosciences, Grenoble, France, EU
| | - Jonathan Rogers
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabor Ungvari
- Section of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - John Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland, EU
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU; Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU
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Lee SH, Chung KC. USP7 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic cell death through deubiquitination and stabilization of FBXO7. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290371. [PMID: 37874827 PMCID: PMC10597484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease (NDD) characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Similar to other NDDs, the buildup of toxic protein aggregates in PD leads to progressive neuronal loss, culminating in neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidence indicates that alterations in subcellular organelles, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are critically involved in pathological neurodegenerative events in NDDs, including PD. Mutations in the F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7 or PARK15) gene have been found to cause early onset autosomal recessive familiar PD. FBXO7 functions as an adaptor protein in the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which promotes substrate ubiquitination. Although FBXO7 is involved in the ubiquitination of various target proteins, little is known about the upstream regulatory mechanism of FBXO7 and/or its modulator(s). Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the balance between protein synthesis and degradation by removing ubiquitin from target substrates. The role of USP7 in various types of cancer is well-established; however, its role in NDDs has not been elucidated to date. In this study, we identified that USP7 acts as a novel regulator of FBXO7, positively regulating the stability of FBXO7 through Lys48-linked deubiquitination. Moreover, USP7 was found to mitigate ER stress-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by preventing the proteasomal degradation of FBXO7. Taken together, our study suggests that the functional relationship between FBXO7 and USP7 may play a crucial role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyoun Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Oh M, Oh SJ, Lee SJ, Oh JS, Chung SJ, Kim JS. Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FP-CIT PET for clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15069. [PMID: 37700061 PMCID: PMC10497584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-FP-CIT is a high-resolution imaging marker of nigrostriatal neuronal integrity, differentiating Parkinsonism with loss of dopaminergic terminals (presynaptic Parkinsonian syndrome [PS]) from Parkinsonism without nigrostriatal degeneration (non-PS). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FP-CIT PET in patients with clinically uncertain PS (CUPS) at the first visit. Among the 272 patients who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging at the first visit between September 2008 and July 2012, 111 had CUPS (age, 62.6 ± 10.5 y; male:female, 45:66; symptom duration, 13.1 ± 8.8 months). Uncertainty criteria included only one of the three cardinal signs of Parkinsonism, two signs without bradykinesia, or atypical signs. The baseline clinical and 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging diagnostic accuracy was compared with the accuracy of clinical diagnosis after > 2-year follow-up. Nuclear medicine physicians assessed the 18F-FP-CIT PET images visually. Focal dopamine transporter binding deficit in the posterior putamen was considered PS. Bilateral symmetric striatum without focal deficit, suggesting normal 18F-FP-CIT PET, and focal deficits elsewhere in the striatum suggesting vascular Parkinsonism were considered non-PS. Seventy-nine patients had PS, and 32 did not. Baseline clinical diagnosis included PS in 45 patients, non-PS in 24, and inconclusive in 42. Among patients in whom initial clinical diagnosis (PS or non-PS) was possible, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the baseline clinical and 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging diagnoses were 54.4, 50.0, and 53.2%, and 98.7, 100, and 99.1%, respectively. The respective positive and negative predictive values were 95.6 and 66.7%, and 100 and 97.0%. Among those with initially inconclusive diagnosis, 64.2% were eventually diagnosed with PS while 35.7% were diagnosed with non-PS. The final clinical diagnosis of these patients all matched those made by 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging, except in one patient with scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD). 18F-FP-CIT PET diagnosis was more accurate than clinical diagnosis, reducing the false-negative and inconclusive clinical diagnosis rates at baseline in patients with CUPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Sanchez-Martinez A, Martinez A, Whitworth AJ. FBXO7/ntc and USP30 antagonistically set the ubiquitination threshold for basal mitophagy and provide a target for Pink1 phosphorylation in vivo. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002244. [PMID: 37535686 PMCID: PMC10427020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analyses of genes linked to heritable forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have revealed fundamental insights into the biological processes underpinning pathogenic mechanisms. Mutations in PARK15/FBXO7 cause autosomal recessive PD and FBXO7 has been shown to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis. We investigated the extent to which FBXO7 and its Drosophila orthologue, ntc, share functional homology and explored its role in mitophagy in vivo. We show that ntc mutants partially phenocopy Pink1 and parkin mutants and ntc overexpression supresses parkin phenotypes. Furthermore, ntc can modulate basal mitophagy in a Pink1- and parkin-independent manner by promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins, a mechanism that is opposed by the deubiquitinase USP30. This basal ubiquitination serves as the substrate for Pink1-mediated phosphorylation that triggers stress-induced mitophagy. We propose that FBXO7/ntc works in equilibrium with USP30 to provide a checkpoint for mitochondrial quality control in basal conditions in vivo and presents a new avenue for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aitor Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Whitworth
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Perillo S, Palmieri GR, Del Moral MO, De Michele G, Giglio A, Cuomo N, Pane C, Bauer P, De Michele G, De Rosa A. Screening for Fabry disease in a series of Parkinson's disease patients and literature review. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1235-1241. [PMID: 36547780 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by alpha-galactosidase A (α-GAL) deficiency, leading to deposition of globotriaosylceramide in the nervous system and other organs. We aimed to screen for FD a case series of PD patients from Southern Italy and to review the literature. METHODS One hundred and forty-four consecutive unrelated PD subjects were enrolled. The α-GAL activity was measured in all men and, in case of pathological values, subsequent determination of globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) and GLA gene sequencing were also performed. All the women underwent GLA gene sequencing. RESULTS α-GAL levels resulted low in fifteen men, whereas lyso-Gb3 testing showed values within the reference range in all of them. GLA gene variants were not detected in any tested subjects. One pathological study, six case series, and five case reports are currently reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS The few studies reviewed are heterogeneous, and the results are controversial. An unknown significance variant in GLA gene was detected in PD patients in one large study, whereas decreased α-GAL activity was observed in PD subjects in two other researches, but without confirmation by lyso-Gb3 assessment or genetic analysis. Vascular parkinsonism was associated to FD in five case reports. We found no association between PD and FD in our population. However, it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions due to limited sample size. Furthermore, controls would have been missing in case of a positive finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Perillo
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Rosario Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Augusta Giglio
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Cuomo
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pane
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Kirkedal CH, Høyer T, Christensen PB. [Subacute parkinsonism as first symptom of primary CNS lymphoma]. Ugeskr Laeger 2022; 184:V09210723. [PMID: 35319457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary parkinsonism due to cerebral neoplasia is a rare condition. We present a case report of a 73-year-old woman with three weeks of progressing right-sided parkinsonism. Cerebral MRI arouse suspicion of left-sided primary CNS-lymphoma in the left basal ganglia. Cerebralspinal fluid analyzed with flow cytometry revealed diffuse B-cell lymphoma. The patient was transferred to the department of haematology and was treated by standard primary CNS-lymphoma protocol. Five-month clinical control revealed marked recovery. At nine-month control an MRI of cerebrum showed almost complete regression of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thor Høyer
- Hæmatologisk Afdeling, Aalborg Universitetshospital
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Thirugnanam T, Santhakumar K. Chemically induced models of Parkinson's disease. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109213. [PMID: 34673252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxins are harmful substances detrimental to humans. Constant exposure to these fatal neurotoxins can cause various neurodegenerative disorders. Although poisonous, specific neurotoxins at optimal concentrations mimic the clinical features of neurodegenerative diseases in several animal models. Such chemically-induced model systems are beneficial in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and drug screening for these disorders. One such neurotoxin is 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a widely used chemical that recapitulates Parkinsonian features in various animal models. Apart from MPTP, other neurotoxins like 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), paraquat, rotenone also induce specific clinical features of Parkinson's disease in animal models. These chemically-induced Parkinson's disease models are playing a crucial role in understanding Parkinson's disease onset, pathology, and novel therapeutics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various neurotoxins that can recapitulate Parkinsonian features in different in vivo and in vitro model systems specifically focusing on the different treatment methodologies of neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilaga Thirugnanam
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kirankumar Santhakumar
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nair P, Trisno R, Baghini MS, Pendharkar G, Chung H. Predicting Early Stage Drug Induced Parkinsonism using Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2020:776-779. [PMID: 33018101 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Drug Induced Parkinsonism (DIP) is the most common, debilitating movement disorder induced by antipsychotics. There is no tool available in clinical practice to effectively diagnose the symptoms at the onset of the disease. In this study, the variations in gait accelerometer data due to the intermittency of tremor at the initial stages is examined. These variations are used to train a logistic regression model to predict subjects with early-stage DIP. The logistic classifier predicts if a subject is a DIP or control with approximately 89% sensitivity and 96% specificity. This paper discusses the algorithm used to extract the features in gait data for training the classifier to predict DIP at the earliest.Clinical Relevance- Diagnosing the disease and the causative drug is vital as the physical health of a patient who is mentally unstable can deteriorate with prolonged usage of the drug. The proposed model helps clinicians to diagnose the disease at the onset of tremors with an accuracy of 93.58%.
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Li YH, Yu JW, Xi JY, Yu WB, Liu JC, Wang Q, Song LJ, Feng L, Yan YP, Zhang GX, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Fasudil Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Neural Stem Cells in the Mouse Model of MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5400-5413. [PMID: 27590141 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) are ideal cells for cellular therapy because of their therapeutic potential for repairing and regenerating damaged neurons. However, the optimization of implanted cells and the improvement of microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) are still two critical elements for enhancing therapeutic effect. In the current study, we observed the combined therapeutic effect of NSCs with fasudil in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model and explored the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. The results clearly show that combined treatment of NSCs with fasudil further improves motor capacity of PD mice, thus exerting double effect in treating MPTP-PD. The combined intervention more effectively protected dopaminergic (DA) neurons from loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which may be associated with the increased number and survival of transplanted NSCs in the brain. Compared with the treatment of fasudil or NSCs alone, the combined intervention more effectively inhibited the activation and aggregation of microglia and astrocytes, displayed stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, induced more neurotrophic factor NT-3, and affected the dynamic homeostasis of NMDA and AMPA receptors in MPTP-PD mice. Our study demonstrates that intranasal administration of NSCs, followed by fasudil administration, is a promising cell-based therapy for neuronal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Jian-Yin Xi
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Chun Liu
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, 19107, PA, USA
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
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11
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Meng JL, Ma YY, Luo HY, Kong SZ, He YW, Dong BC, Wu SH, He M. [Estrogen protects the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra against damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2008; 60:369-374. [PMID: 18560728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence strongly implies that sensory gating P50 (also called P50 auditory evoked potential, P50) and dopaminergic neurotransmitters are related. In animal experiment, P50 can be recorded in an awake and quiet state with freedom of movement. Until now there is lack of animal experimental data on the supportive effect of estrogen on function of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN) in physiological state. In the present study, female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as subjects. The animals were divided randomly into four groups: (1) control group (normal animals); (2) Parkinson's disease (PD) model group: the right SN was lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA); (3) PD model with bilateral ovariectomized group (OVX-PD): bilateral ovariectomy was performed before administration with 6-OHDA; (4) estrogen + PD model with bilateral ovariectomized group (OVX-E(2)-PD): physiological dose of estrogen was given to the bilateral ovariectomy animals before administration with 6-OHDA. P50 induced by two brief acoustic stimuli were recorded in the right SN and the number of TH(+) dopaminergic neurons in the SN stained by immunohistochemistry was calculated after the determination of P50. The results showed that in the PD model group, the testing/conditioning (T/C) ratio of P50 decreased by 40.60% and the number of TH(+) cells in the right SN decreased by 64.74% as compared with that in the control group (P<0.01); In the OVX-PD group, the T/C ratio of P50 decreased by 45.88% and the number of TH(+) cells was reduced by 57.26% as compared with that in the PD group (P<0.01). Administration with 6-OHDA into the SN pars compacta of ovariectomized rats caused more decrease in the number of TH(+) cells as well as more damage to the function of sensory gating in SN. While in OVX-E(2)-PD group, intramuscular injection with estrogen at physiological dose 3 d before 6-OHDA administration decreased the degree of damage to the SN functionally and morphologically, and its degree of injury corresponded to PD group. These results indicate that the mechanism of protection of dopaminergic neurons in the SN provided by physiological level of estrogen is by promoting the resistibility of the neurons to harmful stimulation. If the gonads are resected resulting in a lack of estrogen, the degree of injury to the function and morphology of dopaminergic neurons in SN induced by 6-OHDA increases. Replacement of estrogen at physiological level on time is necessary. Sensory gating P50 in SN may reflect dynamically the protection of estrogen against dopaminergic neurons depletion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Meng
- Department of Physiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
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12
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Abstract
A retrospective study of a 50-year autopsy series of 900 patients with the clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism (31.2% with dementia) revealed pure Lewy body disease (LBD) in 84.9%, but only 44.7% with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD); 16% were associated with cerebrovascular lesions, 14.8% with Alzheimer pathology; 8.9% were classified dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 9.4% showed other degenerative disorders, and 5.6% other/ secondary parkinsonian syndromes. The frequency of LBD during different periods was fairly stable, with increase of DLB and PD plus Alzheimer changes, but decrease of associated cerebrovascular lesions during the last decades. Using variable clinical diagnostic criteria not only by specified neurologists, the misdiagnosis rate ranged from 11.5 to 23% and was similar to that in most previous clinico-pathological studies. The majority of cases with false clinical diagnosis of PD had a final pathological diagnosis of DLB with or without Alzheimer lesions. A postmortem series of 330 elderly patients clinically diagnosed as parkinsonism with (37.6%) and without dementia showed that IPD, Braak stages 3-5 were rarely associated with cognitive impairment, which was frequently seen in IPD with associated Alzheimer pathology (35.5%), DLB (33.9%), and in Alzheimer disease (AD) or mixed dementia (17%), whereas it almost never was associated with minor cerebrovascular lesions. Clinico-pathological studies in DBL, demented and nondemented PD, and AD cases showed a negative relation between cognitive impairment and Alzheimer changes, suggesting that these either alone or in combination with cortical Lewy body pathologies are major causes of cognitive dysfunction. Further prospective clinico-pathological studies are needed to validate the currently used clinical criteria for PD, to increase the diagnostic accuracy until effective biomarkers are available, and to clarify the impact of structural and functional changes on cognitive function in parkinsonism as an ultimate goal of early disease detection and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Eslamboli A, Georgievska B, Ridley RM, Baker HF, Muzyczka N, Burger C, Mandel RJ, Annett L, Kirik D. Continuous low-level glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors provides neuroprotection and induces behavioral recovery in a primate model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 2005; 25:769-77. [PMID: 15673656 PMCID: PMC6725622 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4421-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for Parkinson's disease is likely to depend on sustained delivery of the appropriate amount to the target areas. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAVs) expressing GDNF may be a suitable delivery system for this purpose. The aim of this study was to define a sustained level of GDNF that does not affect the function of the normal dopamine (DA) neurons but does provide anatomical and behavioral protection against an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion in the common marmoset. We found that unilateral intrastriatal injection of rAAV resulting in the expression of high levels of GDNF (14 ng/mg of tissue) in the striatum induced a substantial bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels and activity as well as in DA turnover. Expression of low levels of GDNF (0.04 ng/mg of tissue), on the other hand, produced only minimal effects on DA synthesis and only on the injected side. In addition, the low level of GDNF provided approximately 85% protection of the nigral DA neurons and their projections to the striatum in the 6-OHDA-lesioned hemisphere. Furthermore, the anatomical protection was accompanied by a complete attenuation of sensorimotor neglect, head position bias, and amphetamine-induced rotation. We conclude that when delivered continuously, a low level of GDNF in the striatum (approximately threefold above baseline) is sufficient to provide optimal functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andisheh Eslamboli
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
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14
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Abstract
Freezing is a common symptom in parkinsonian syndromes, but its association with different causes of parkinsonism as well as with other symptoms has never been investigated. We conducted a database survey of the occurrence of freezing in parkinsonism. Of 347 patients with a clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism other than idiopathic Parkinson's disease and with specific data regarding freezing, 158 patients had freezing (46%). Freezing was significantly associated with progression of the disease as rated on the Hoehn & Yahr scale [odds ratio (OR), 1.69; p < 0.004]. Gender was not a risk factor for the development of freezing. Patients with drug-induced parkinsonism were at a very low risk for developing freezing (p < 0.00001; OR, 0.1). Freezing was found in a high frequency in patients with vascular parkinsonism (57%), normal-pressure hydrocephalus (56%), and generally in the group of patients who had parkinsonism resulting from neurodegenerative diseases (progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal ganglionic degeneration; 45%). Freezing was significantly associated with the presence of dementia, incontinence, and tachyphemia (OR, 2.01, 1.7, and 5.09, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giladi
- Neurological Institute, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Akai T, Ozawa M, Yamaguchi M, Mizuta E, Kuno S. Behavioral involvement of central dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned parkinsonian cynomolgus monkeys. Jpn J Pharmacol 1995; 67:117-24. [PMID: 7616686 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.67.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the roles of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in behavioral symptoms of Parkinson's disease, antiparkinsonian effects of various dopamine agonists in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned parkinsonian monkeys were investigated with regard to induction of hyperactivity such as excitability, irritability and aggressiveness. The non-selective dopamine agonist apomorphine ameliorated the parkinsonism, but induced marked hyperactivity dose-dependently. Pretreatment with either the dopamine D1 antagonist SCH 23390 or the dopamine D2 antagonist sulpiride markedly suppressed the apomorphine-induced hyperactivity with slight attenuation of the antiparkinsonian effects. Both the dopamine D2-receptor agonist quinpirole and the dopamine D1-receptor agonist SKF 82958 ameliorated the parkinsonism in a dose-dependent manner with a slight induction of hyperactivity. Combination treatment of a threshold dose of quinpirole with that of SKF 82958 augmented the antiparkinsonian effects without a marked induction of hyperactivity. However, the combination treatment at higher doses induced marked hyperactivity accompanied by augmented antiparkinsonian effects. These results suggest that stimulation of either central dopamine D1 or D2 receptors is requisite for the antiparkinsonian effects and concurrent strong stimulation of both central dopamine D1 and D2 receptors causes marked hyperactivity which may be predictive of dopaminergic psychiatric side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akai
- Research Department, Nihon Schering K.K., Osaka, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an apparent protective effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of Parkinson's disease. There is also a report suggesting that patients with Parkinson's disease who smoke are less likely to develop dementia. I investigated the relationship of smoking to the severity of cognitive functions and presence of drug-induced parkinsonism in a group of 111 neuroleptic-treated chronic institutionalized schizophrenic patients. Patients who smoked had significantly less cognitive impairment (p < .02) and a lower prevalence of drug-induced Parkinsonism (p < .02) compared to nonsmokers. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may protect against the development of dementia and drug-induced Parkinsonism in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sandyk
- NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, Danbury, CT 06811
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17
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Robertson RG, Clarke CA, Boyce S, Sambrook MA, Crossman AR. The role of striatopallidal neurones utilizing gamma-aminobutyric acid in the pathophysiology of MPTP-induced parkinsonism in the primate: evidence from [3H]flunitrazepam autoradiography. Brain Res 1990; 531:95-104. [PMID: 2289139 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in the basal ganglia of primates treated with the neurotoxin n-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been studied by semi-quantitative autoradiography with [3H]flunitrazepam ([3H]FNZ). Systemic treatment with MPTP produced a stable and lasting parkinsonian condition, with pronounced bradykinesia, akinesia and tremor. In the lateral segment of the globus pallidus (GPL) there was a significant reduction of [3H]FNZ binding compared with non-treated animals. There were no significant changes in the [3H]FNZ binding in the caudate nucleus, putamen and medial globus pallidus (GPM). This suggests that MPTP-treatment increases GABA release within the GPL exclusively. In view of the available evidence suggesting increased striatal output, and reduced unit activity within the GPL of the MPTP-treated primate, it seems likely that the striatal GABAergic output to the GPL is overactive in this model of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, as there is no evidence for a change in GABA function within the GPM using this measure, the striatal neurones which innervate the GPM may be differentially affected by loss of dopamine innervation. In line with structural evidence and extrastriatal dopamine receptor distribution this suggests that the two striatopallidal systems are functionally heterogeneous. A hemi-parkinsonian primate model has also been used in this study. This model was produced by injection of MPTP directly into one carotid artery. The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was destroyed on the injected side alone, and consequently the appearance of parkinsonian symptoms was confined to the contralateral side. [3H]FNZ binding in the GPL appears to be bilaterally reduced in this model, suggesting an interaction between the treated and non-treated side of the brain. In addition there is increased binding in the putamen and GPM with respect to the non-treated side of the brain. The increased [3H]FNZ binding in the GPM of the unilateral model may be due to the greater disruption of the nigropallidal and/or nigrostiatal dopamine neurones relative to the systemic model. The former would have the effect of uncoupling D1 dopamine receptors located on the terminals of striatal efferents from nigropallidal dopamine input, and as D1 dopamine receptors are implicated in the presynaptic control of GABA release from the terminals of striatal efferents, this would consequently reduce the level of GABA release in the GPM. The latter possibility would suggest that striatopallidal neurones projecting to GPM are more resistant to the effects of dopaminergic denervation than those projecting to GPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Robertson
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Manchester, U.K
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18
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Fox JH, Bennett DA, Goetz CG, Penn RD, Savoy S, Clasen R, Wilson RS. Induction of parkinsonism by intraventricular bethanechol in a patient with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1989; 39:1265. [PMID: 2570380 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.39.9.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J H Fox
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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19
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Abstract
In two separate experiments contralateral rotation was classically conditioned in hemi-Parkinsonian rats. In the first experiment, ten rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra, which produced ipsiversive circling, were given five daily injections of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) to induce circling contralateral to the lesion hemisphere. One half of the rats (the conditioning group) were placed in a novel environment for 15 min during each apomorphine treatment. Subsequently, when placed into this environment 3, 10, 17, and 24 days after the final apomorphine injection, the conditioning group spontaneously rotated contralateral to the lesion hemisphere, whereas a similarly drug-treated non-conditioned group spontaneously rotated ipsilateral to the lesion hemisphere. On day 26, all rats were given a 2.0 mg/kg injection of d-amphetamine, which generated ipsilateral rotation in all rats in their home environment, but when placed in the conditioning environment, the conditioned group rotated contralateral whereas the non-conditioned group rotated ipsilateral. In the second experiment, eight rats with unilateral destruction of dopamine neurons were given differential conditioning in two novel environments. In every case, environments associated with 0.5 mg/kg apomorphine treatment induced contralateral rotation when the rats were tested without drug but ipsilateral rotation in environments not associated with apomorphine. These findings suggest a role for respondent or Pavlovian conditioning in the pharmacological management of Parkinsonism.
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20
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Abstract
Ten cases of juvenile parkinsonism are reported. A brief review of the literature is made and the nosologic boundaries of the disease are discussed. Comments are made on some clinical, genetic and therapeutic features of the illness in this series and according to the literature data.
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21
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Drees A, Krüger M, Stock K, Weinrich W, Dahmer J. [Basic text: Parkinson's syndrome]. Med Welt 1975; 26:1481-4. [PMID: 1177720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Albers JW, Potvin AR, Tourtellotte WW, Pew RW, Stribley RF. Quantification of hand tremor in the clinical neurological examination. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1973; 20:27-37. [PMID: 4681807 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1973.324248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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ROSS RT. Pallido-pyramidal disease. Can Med Assoc J 1955; 73:17-22. [PMID: 14390039 PMCID: PMC1825953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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25
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LANGERON L. [Clinical and biological hyperthyroidism; absence of histological signs of thyroid hyperactivity; secondary parkinsonism]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 1952; 13:320-3. [PMID: 13017068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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