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Harada H, Irie K, Nakatsuka SI, Sasaguri T, Honma K, Kurose A. A case of "ETV6-FISH-negative" secretory carcinoma of the parotid gland: immunohistochemical study. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:296-300. [PMID: 33452913 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands is a relatively new disease concept, and is characterized by "morphological resemblance to mammary secretory carcinoma and ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion." Herein we describe a confusing case and briefly discuss practical diagnostic problems. The patient was a 71-year-old Japanese man who had a tumor consistent with secretory carcinoma at the microscopic and immunohistochemical levels. Immunohistochemically, EMA and S100 protein were noted to be positive along with various cytokeratins as well as mammaglobin and pSTAT5. Moreover, vimentin was focally positive. Smooth muscle actin, p63, p40, and androgen receptor were negative. However, a search using fluorescence in situ hybridization did not reveal a definite split signal for the ETV6 gene. It is presumed that confirming the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma without genetic retrieval will be accepted as a diagnostic method, and we hope that worldwide general recognition may earlier reach "gradual acceptance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Koji Irie
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Kasuga, Japan
| | | | - Takakazu Sasaguri
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kitakyushu General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kurose
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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2
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Abstract
Germ line mutations in ETV6 are responsible for a familial thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition syndrome. Thrombocytopenia is almost completely penetrant and is usually mild. Leukemia is reported in ∼30% of carriers and is most often B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanisms by which ETV6 dysfunction promotes thrombocytopenia and leukemia remain unclear. Care for individuals with ETV6-related thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition includes genetic counseling, treatment or prevention of excessive bleeding and surveillance for the development of hematologic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; and
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3
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Spriano F, Chung EYL, Gaudio E, Tarantelli C, Cascione L, Napoli S, Jessen K, Carrassa L, Priebe V, Sartori G, Graham G, Selvanathan SP, Cavalli A, Rinaldi A, Kwee I, Testoni M, Genini D, Ye BH, Zucca E, Stathis A, Lannutti B, Toretsky JA, Bertoni F. The ETS Inhibitors YK-4-279 and TK-216 Are Novel Antilymphoma Agents. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5167-5176. [PMID: 31182435 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcription factors are commonly deregulated in cancer, and they have been widely considered as difficult to target due to their nonenzymatic mechanism of action. Altered expression levels of members of the ETS-transcription factors are often observed in many different tumors, including lymphomas. Here, we characterized two small molecules, YK-4-279 and its clinical derivative, TK-216, targeting ETS factors via blocking the protein-protein interaction with RNA helicases, for their antilymphoma activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study included preclinical in vitro activity screening on a large panel of cell lines, both as single agent and in combination; validation experiments on in vivo models; and transcriptome and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. RESULTS YK-4-279 and TK-216 demonstrated an antitumor activity across several lymphoma cell lines, which we validated in vivo. We observed synergistic activity when YK-4-279 and TK-216 were combined with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide. YK-4-279 and TK-216 interfere with protein interactions of ETS family members SPIB, in activated B-cell-like type diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and SPI1, in germinal center B-cell-type diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS The ETS inhibitor YK-4-279 and its clinical derivative TK-216 represent a new class of agents with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in lymphomas. Although their detailed mechanism of action needs to be fully defined, in DLBCL they might act by targeting subtype-specific essential transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elaine Yee Lin Chung
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Napoli
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Carrassa
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdemar Priebe
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Sartori
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Garrett Graham
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Saravana P Selvanathan
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Biomedical Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Monica Testoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Genini
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - B Hilda Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Situ J, Zhang H, Lu L, Li K, Hu C, Wang DJ. Clinical significance of PSMA, TERT and PDEF in malignant tumors of the prostate. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:3347-3352. [PMID: 28829509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen), TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), and PDEF (prostate derived Ets factor) in malignant tumors of the prostate. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted with paraffin slices from 33 specimens of malignant tumors of the prostate and 17 of normal tissue. We found high levels of PSMA, TERT, and PDEF protein by Western blot and immunofluorescence in the malignant tumor of the prostate. We also detected upregulation of PSMA, TERT, and PDEF mRNA in the malignant tumor of the prostate, suggesting complex regulation of these three genes in prostate cancer. RESULTS Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences comparing the expression of PSMA, TERT, and PDEF in the malignant tumor of the prostate and normal tissues. The high expression of PSMA, TERT, and PDEF in the malignant tumor of the prostate suggests the important roles of these three factors in the occurrence and development of the malignant tumors of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS PSMA, TERT, and PDEF may serve as a reference for clinical diagnosis and as potential targets for the malignant tumor of the prostate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Situ
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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Said-Al-Naief N, Carlos R, Vance GH, Miller C, Edwards PC. Combined DOG1 and Mammaglobin Immunohistochemistry Is Comparable to ETV6-breakapart Analysis for Differentiating Between Papillary Cystic Variants of Acinic Cell Carcinoma and Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:127-140. [PMID: 27670353 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916670005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the reliability of combined DOG1 and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry compared with ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the assessment of salivary tumors previously diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). Ultrastructural features of cases reclassified as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). METHODS Immunohistochemical (IHC) reactivity to DOG1 and mammaglobin was validated against FISH targeting the ETV6 gene in all 14 cases. RESULTS Three cases with papillary cystic histomorphology previously diagnosed as ACC were revised to MASC. TEM features of the ETV6 rearrangement-positive MASC cases showed large numbers of secretory granules with extrusion into the intercellular spaces, well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, lipid-laden vacuoles, well-formed microvilli, and large lining cystic spaces. CONCLUSIONS Combined DOG1 and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry is comparable to ETV6 -breakapart analysis for differentiating between papillary cystic variants of ACC and MASC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Carlos
- 2 Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello/Hospital Herrera Llerandi, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gail H Vance
- 3 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul C Edwards
- 5 Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology Indiana University School of DentistryIndianapolis, IN, USA
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Projetti F, Lacroix-Triki M, Serrano E, Vergez S, Barres BH, Meilleroux J, Delisle MB, Uro-Coste E. A comparative immunohistochemistry study of diagnostic tools in salivary gland tumors: usefulness of mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and p63 cytoplasmic staining for the diagnosis of mammary analog secretory carcinoma? J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:244-51. [PMID: 25040635 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland has been recently described according to morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular (ETV6-NTRK3 translocation) similarities with the mammary secretory carcinoma. The most important differential diagnostic considerations of MASC are low-grade adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), cystadenocarcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC). These tumors may share an overlapping morphology with MASC, and additional immunohistochemical studies are required to reinforce the diagnosis. Mammaglobin, GCDFP-15, and p63 staining have been reported in MASC. Our study was designed to check the specificity of these antibodies in MASC compared to other frequent tumors of salivary glands. METHODS A series of 62 salivary gland tumors [10 MASCs, 5 adenocarcinomas NOS and 2 cystadenocarcinomas with MASC features and without ETV6 rearrangement, one low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma (LGCCC), 9 AciCCs, 10 MECs, 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdeCCs), 5 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas (PLGAs), and 10 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs)] was analyzed by immunohistochemistry with mammaglobin, GCDFP-15, and p63 antibodies. RESULTS Positivity for mammaglobin was observed in all MASCs, cystadenocarcinomas, LGCCC, and PLGAs, in some adenocarcinomas NOS, PAs, and MECs, rarely in AciCCs and never in AdeCCs. Positivity for GCDFP-15 was observed in most of the tumor types except in AdeCCs. Interestingly, cytoplasmic positivity for p63 was observed in most of MASCs and PLGAs while rarely in adenocarcinomas NOS and PAs, and never in the other tumor types. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the usefulness of mammaglobin and p63 cytoplasmic staining to define which tumors are worth to be screened for ETV6 rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Projetti
- Department of Pathology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Figg WD, Chau CH, Price DK, Till C, Goodman PJ, Cho Y, Varella-Garcia M, Reichardt JKV, Tangen CM, Leach RJ, van Bokhoven A, Thompson IM, Lucia MS. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length and TMPRSS2:ETS prostate cancer risk: results From the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Urology 2014; 84:127-31. [PMID: 24824408 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the length of the polymorphic trinucleotide CAG microsatellite repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene and the risk of prostate cancer containing TMPRSS2:ETS fusion genes. METHODS This nested case-control study came from subjects enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial and included 195 biopsy-proven prostate cancer cases with a known TMPRSS2:ETS status and 1344 matched controls. RESULTS There was no association between the CAG repeat length and the risk of TMPRSS2:ETS-positive (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.04) or TMPRSS2:ETS-negative prostate cancer (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.11) and in patients with low- or high-grade disease. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that AR CAG repeats are not associated with TMPRSS2:ETS formation in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Cindy H Chau
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Douglas K Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cathee Till
- SWOG Statistical Center, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yonggon Cho
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Urology and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Department of Urology and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - M Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Susani M, Kenner L, Culig Z. [Diagnostic of prostate cancer: conventional and molecular or cell biological methods]. Pathologe 2009; 30 Suppl 2:154-7. [PMID: 19802609 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-009-1213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
At present the diagnosis of prostate cancer is carried out by transrectally obtained biopsy samples. The histological findings, the value for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the serum, and the clinical stage are the objective criteria for all subsequent therapy decisions. In over 95% of cases an acinar "usual" form of prostate cancer is diagnosed but can be very different in characteristics and differentiation. In order to correctly assess prostate cancer and to be able to select the best possible therapeutic measures resulting from the diagnosis, all information obtained from the biopsy must be used to a maximum. The demands on the optimal biopsy findings have considerably expanded in recent years. It must be able to obtain all additional biological, molecular and genetic findings from the biopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Susani
- Institut für Klinische Pathologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus d Stadt Wien,Medizinische Universität, Währinger Gürtel 18 - 20, 1090 Wien, Osterreich.
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Attarbaschi A, Mann G, König M, Steiner M, Dworzak MN, Gadner H, Haas OA. Near-tetraploidy in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a highly specific feature of ETV6/RUNX1-positive leukemic cases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:608-11. [PMID: 16552772 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-tetraploidy (82-94 chromosomes) makes up fewer than 1% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases and has been reportedly associated with a possibly poorer prognosis compared with other ploidy groups. We analyzed 783 patients enrolled in the ALL-BFM-Austria 86, -90, -95, -99/2000 and Interfant-Austria 99 trials in order to assess its incidence, biological characteristics, and prognostic relevance. Twelve of 783 patients (1.5%) had a near-tetraploid ALL. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that eight of the nine B-cell precursor (BCP) cases and none of the three T-cell ALL cases had an ETV6/RUNX1 rearrangement. After a median follow-up of 11.4 years, none of the patients has relapsed or died. Thus, near-tetraploidy appears to be a specific feature of ETV6/RUNX1+ BCP ALL cases that in turn may explain its excellent outcome.
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