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Borowczak J, Zdrenka M, Socha W, Gostomczyk K, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Andrusewicz H, Łysik-Miśkurka J, Nowikiewicz T, Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M. High MAL2 expression predicts shorter survival in women with triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03514-4. [PMID: 38769215 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its lack of conventional surface receptors, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inherently resistant to most targeted therapies. MAL2 overexpression prompts endocytosis, conferring resistance to novel therapeutics. This study explores the role of MAL2 and PD-L1 in TNBC patients' prognosis. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 111 TNBC samples collected from 76 patients and evaluated the expression of MAL2 and PD-1. We expanded the study by including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. RESULTS MAL2 expression did not correlate with stage, grade, tumor size, lymph node invasion, metastasis, and PD-1 expression. Patients with high MAL2 had significantly lower 5-year survival rates (71.33% vs. 89.59%, p = 0.0224). In the tissue microarray cohort (TMA), node invasions, size, recurrence, and low MAL2 (HR 0.29 [CI 95% 0.087-0.95]; p < 0.05) predicted longer patients' survival. In the TCGA cohort, patients with low MAL2 had significantly longer overall survival and disease-specific survival than patients with high MAL2. Older age and high MAL2 expression were the only independent predictors of shorter patient survival in the BRCA TCGA cohort. CONCLUSION High MAL2 predicts unfavorable prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer, and its expression is independent of PD-1 levels and clinicopathological features of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Weronika Socha
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Andrusewicz
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Łysik-Miśkurka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Clinical Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Wójcik M, Juhas U, Mohammadi E, Mattisson J, Drężek-Chyła K, Rychlicka-Buniowska E, Bruhn-Olszewska B, Davies H, Chojnowska K, Olszewski P, Bieńkowski M, Jankowski M, Rostkowska O, Hellmann A, Pęksa R, Kowalski J, Zdrenka M, Kobiela J, Zegarski W, Biernat W, Szylberg Ł, Remiszewski P, Mieczkowski J, Filipowicz N, Dumanski JP. Loss of Y in regulatory T lymphocytes in the tumor micro-environment of primary colorectal cancers and liver metastases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9458. [PMID: 38658633 PMCID: PMC11043399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Male sex is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) with higher illness burden and earlier onset. Thus, we hypothesized that loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in the tumor micro-environment (TME) might be involved in oncogenesis. Previous studies show that LOY in circulating leukocytes of aging men was associated with shorter survival and non-hematological cancer, as well as higher LOY in CD4 + T-lymphocytes in men with prostate cancer vs. controls. However, nothing is known about LOY in leukocytes infiltrating TME and we address this aspect here. We studied frequency and functional effects of LOY in blood, TME and non-tumorous tissue. Regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) in TME had the highest frequency of LOY (22%) in comparison to CD4 + T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic CD8 + T-lymphocytes. LOY score using scRNA-seq was also linked to higher expression of PDCD1, TIGIT and IKZF2 in Tregs. PDCD1 and TIGIT encode immune checkpoint receptors involved in the regulation of Tregs function. Our study sets the direction for further functional research regarding a probable role of LOY in intensifying features related to the suppressive phenotype of Tregs in TME and consequently a possible influence on immunotherapy response in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójcik
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ulana Juhas
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elyas Mohammadi
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kinga Drężek-Chyła
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Bruhn-Olszewska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Chojnowska
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Remiszewski
- Department of Oncological, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Filipowicz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jan P Dumanski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zdrenka M, Kowalewski A, Ahmadi N, Sadiqi RU, Chmura Ł, Borowczak J, Maniewski M, Szylberg Ł. Refining PD-1/PD-L1 assessment for biomarker-guided immunotherapy: A review. Biomol Biomed 2024; 24:14-29. [PMID: 37877810 PMCID: PMC10787614 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) immunotherapy is an increasingly crucial in cancer treatment. To date, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining protocols, commercially available in the form of "kits", facilitating testing for PD-L1 expression. These kits comprise four PD-L1 antibodies on two separate IHC platforms, each utilizing distinct, non-interchangeable scoring systems. Several factors, including tumor heterogeneity and the size of the tissue specimens assessed, can lead to PD-L1 status misclassification, potentially hindering the initiation of therapy. Therefore, the development of more accurate predictive biomarkers to distinguish between responders and non-responders prior to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy warrants further research. Achieving this goal necessitates refining sampling criteria, enhancing current methods of PD-L1 detection, and deepening our understanding of the impact of additional biomarkers. In this article, we review potential solutions to improve the predictive accuracy of PD-L1 assessment in order to more precisely anticipate patients' responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, monitor disease progression and predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Łukasz Chmura
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gostomczyk K, Borowczak J, Siekielska-Domanowska M, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Dubiel M, Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Placental Transmission. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0001. [PMID: 38299561 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the diverse range of symptoms have placed significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Pregnancy has also been affected by COVID-19, with an increased risk of complications and unfavorable outcomes for expectant mothers. Multiple studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can infiltrate the placenta, breach its protective barrier, and infect the fetus. Although the precise mechanisms of intrauterine transmission remain unclear, factors such as perinatal infection, macrophages, sexual intercourse, and the virus' interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) proteins appear to play a role in this process. The integrity of the placental barrier fluctuates throughout pregnancy and appears to influence the likelihood of fetal transmission. The expression of placental cell receptors, like ACE2, changes during pregnancy and in response to placental damage. However, due to the consistent presence of others, such as NRP-1, SARS-CoV-2 may potentially enter the fetus at different stages of pregnancy. NRP-1 is also found in macrophages, implicating maternal macrophages and Hofbauer cells as potential routes for viral transmission. Our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2's vertical transmission pathways remains limited. Some researchers question the ACE2-associated transmission model due to the relatively low expression of ACE2 in the placenta. Existing studies investigating perinatal transmission and the impact of sexual intercourse have either involved small sample sizes or lacked statistical significance. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 vertical transmission, identifying areas where further research is needed to fill the gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Siekielska-Domanowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dubiel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gostomczyk K, Marsool MDM, Tayyab H, Pandey A, Borowczak J, Macome F, Chacon J, Dave T, Maniewski M, Szylberg Ł. Targeting circulating tumor cells to prevent metastases. Hum Cell 2024; 37:101-120. [PMID: 37874534 PMCID: PMC10764589 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the primary tumor, enter the bloodstream or body fluids, and spread to other body parts, leading to metastasis. Their presence and characteristics have been linked to cancer progression and poor prognosis in different types of cancer. Analyzing CTCs can offer valuable information about tumors' genetic and molecular diversity, which is crucial for personalized therapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), play a significant role in generating and disseminating CTCs. Certain proteins, such as EpCAM, vimentin, CD44, and TGM2, are vital in regulating EMT and MET and could be potential targets for therapies to prevent metastasis and serve as detection markers. Several devices, methods, and protocols have been developed for detecting CTCs with various applications. CTCs interact with different components of the tumor microenvironment. The interactions between CTCs and tumor-associated macrophages promote local inflammation and allow the cancer cells to evade the immune system, facilitating their attachment and invasion of distant metastatic sites. Consequently, targeting and eliminating CTCs hold promise in preventing metastasis and improving patient outcomes. Various approaches are being explored to reduce the volume of CTCs. By investigating and discussing targeted therapies, new insights can be gained into their potential effectiveness in inhibiting the spread of CTCs and thereby reducing metastasis. The development of such treatments offers great potential for enhancing patient outcomes and halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
- University Hospital No. 2 Im. Dr Jan Biziel, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Facundo Macome
- Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, San Miquel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Jose Chacon
- American University of Integrative Sciences, Cole Bay, Saint Martin, Barbados
| | - Tirth Dave
- Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gostomczyk K, Łukaszewska E, Borowczak J, Bator A, Zdrenka M, Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł. Flow cytometry in the detection of circulating tumor cells in neoplastic effusions. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117651. [PMID: 37980974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite its limitations, the cytology of body fluids is widely used in diagnosing neoplastic cells. Flow cytometry detects and identifies individual cells, enabling the detection of circulating tumor cells and facilitating diagnosis. This study compared the diagnostic utility of flow cytometry and cytology for detecting cancer cells in peritoneal and pleural fluids. METHODOLOGY We used flow cytometry and cytology to examine 119 pleural and peritoneal effusions received for routine screening. Antibodies against clusters of differentiation 45 (CD45), 14 (CD14), and Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) were used to detect malignant cells. Based on combined clinical and diagnostic information, 37 fluid specimens were malignant, and 77 were benign. RESULTS Flow cytometry correctly identified 34 cancers, while cytology identified 26 cancers (sensitivity 91.89 % vs. 70.27, respectively). Both methods had equal specificity (98.7 %). At a cut-off of > 0.29 % EpCAM(+) cells to all cells in the samples, flow cytometry accurately detected cancer cells, achieving 89.2 % sensitivity, 90.9 % specificity, and an AUC of 0.959 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Flow cytometry improves the detection of epithelial cancer cells in peritoneal and pleural fluids compared to conventional cytology. Due to similar specificity and higher sensitivity, flow cytometry offers a promising alternative to cytology for patient screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Łukaszewska
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anita Bator
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland; Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zdrenka M, Kowalewski A, Borowczak J, Łysik-Miśkurka J, Andrusewicz H, Nowikiewicz T, Szylberg Ł. Diagnostic biopsy does not accurately reflect the PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5121-5127. [PMID: 37804360 PMCID: PMC10725333 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1 expression is known to predict the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We examined whether the PD-L1 expression evaluated in biopsy specimens accurately reflects its expression in the whole tumor. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 81 biopsy and resection specimens from patients with TNBC to determine their PD-L1 status. We found PD-L1-positive tumors in 23 (28%) biopsy specimens and primarily PD-L1-negative tumors in 58 (72%). The PD-L1 status was reevaluated in matching postoperative specimens of primarily PD-L1-negative tumors. Of them, 31% (18/58) were positive, whereas 69% (40/58) were negative. Considering the pre- and postoperative analyses, 41 (51%) patients had PD-L1-positive tumors, while 40 had PD-L1-negative tumors. We found 18 (22%) more PD-L1-positive tumors while examining the resection specimens compared to biopsies, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0038). Diagnostic biopsies do not fully reflect the PD-L1 expression in TNBC. Our results suggest that a significant subset of TNBC patients may be misclassified as PD-L1-negative and disqualified from anti-PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz ul. Romanowska, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz ul. Romanowska, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology, Placentology, and Clinical Hematopathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Łysik-Miśkurka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz ul. Romanowska, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Andrusewicz
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz ul. Romanowska, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Clinical Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz ul. Romanowska, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology, Placentology, and Clinical Hematopathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
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8
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Jaworski D, Brzoszczyk B, Szylberg Ł. Recent Research Advances in Double-Strand Break and Mismatch Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:1375. [PMID: 37408208 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Recent research advances have emphasized the critical roles of mismatch repair (MMR) and double-strand break (DSB) in prostate cancer development and progression. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying DSB and MMR defects in prostate cancer, as well as their clinical implications. Furthermore, we discuss the promising therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in targeting these defects, particularly in the context of personalized medicine and further perspectives. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these novel treatments, including Food and Drugs Association (FDA) drug approvals, offering hope for improved patient outcomes. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between MMR and DSB defects in prostate cancer to develop innovative and effective therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Brzoszczyk
- Department of Urology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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9
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Urbiola-Salvador V, Jabłońska A, Miroszewska D, Huang Q, Duzowska K, Drężek-Chyła K, Zdrenka M, Śrutek E, Szylberg Ł, Jankowski M, Bała D, Zegarski W, Nowikiewicz T, Makarewicz W, Adamczyk A, Ambicka A, Przewoźnik M, Harazin-Lechowicz A, Ryś J, Filipowicz N, Piotrowski A, Dumanski JP, Li B, Chen Z. Plasma protein changes reflect colorectal cancer development and associated inflammation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1158261. [PMID: 37228491 PMCID: PMC10203952 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Efficient non-invasive blood-based biomarkers for CRC early detection and prognosis are urgently needed. Methods To identify novel potential plasma biomarkers, we applied a proximity extension assay (PEA), an antibody-based proteomics strategy to quantify the abundance of plasma proteins in CRC development and cancer-associated inflammation from few μL of plasma sample. Results Among the 690 quantified proteins, levels of 202 plasma proteins were significantly changed in CRC patients compared to age-and-sex-matched healthy subjects. We identified novel protein changes involved in Th17 activity, oncogenic pathways, and cancer-related inflammation with potential implications in the CRC diagnosis. Moreover, the interferon γ (IFNG), interleukin (IL) 32, and IL17C were identified as associated with the early stages of CRC, whereas lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4), and MANSC domain-containing protein 1 (MANSC1) were correlated with the late-stages of CRC. Discussion Further study to characterize the newly identified plasma protein changes from larger cohorts will facilitate the identification of potential novel diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Urbiola-Salvador
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jabłońska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominika Miroszewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Qianru Huang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Śrutek
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńSurgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bała
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńSurgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńSurgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńSurgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Center−Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makarewicz
- Clinic of General and Oncological Surgery, Specialist Hospital of Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ambicka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Przewoźnik
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Harazin-Lechowicz
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Jan P. Dumanski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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10
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Linkowska K, Bogiel T, Lamperska K, Marszałek A, Starzyński J, Szylberg Ł, Szwed-Kowalska A, Pawłowska M, Grzybowski T. Commercially available SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR diagnostic tests need obligatory internal validation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6991. [PMID: 37117538 PMCID: PMC10144901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) does not appear to be as serious a threat to public health as it was in 2020-2021, the increased transmissibility of multiple Omicron descendants may constitute a continuous challenge for health care systems, and reliable detection of new variants is still imperative. This study evaluates the performance of three SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests: Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real Time Multiplex RT-PCR Kit (Liferiver); Vitassay qPCR SARS-CoV-2 (Vitaassay) and TaqPath COVID‑19 CE-IVD RT-PCR Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The analytical sensitivity of the assays as well as their specificity were determined with the use of synthetic nucleic acid standards and clinical samples. All assays appeared to be 100% specific for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in general and the Omicron variant in particular. The LOD determined during this validation was 10 viral RNA copies/reaction for Liferiver and TaqPath and 100 viral RNA copies for Vitassay. We cannot exclude that the LOD for the Vitassay might be lower and close to the manufacturer's declared value of ≥ 20 genome copies/reaction, as we obtained 90% positive results for 10 viral RNA copies/reaction. Mean Ct values at the concentration of 10 viral RNA copies/reaction for the Liferiver, Vitassay and TaqPath kits (35, 37 and 33, respectively) were significantly lower than the cutoff values declared by the manufacturers (≤ 41, ≤ 40 and ≤ 37, respectively). We suggest reporting outcomes based on LOD and cutoff Ct values determined during internal validation rather than those declared by the assays' producers.
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Grants
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
- ZES.WL.2.2021 Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Linkowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bogiel
- Department of Microbiology, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Starzyński
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szwed-Kowalska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The Tadeusz Browicz Provincial Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Observation, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawłowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepathology, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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11
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Jaworski D, Kowalewski A, Durślewicz J, Antosik P, Smolińska M, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. The Prognostic Role of ACO2 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:1503-1511. [PMID: 36974831 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) continues to pose a challenge due to our limited understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. Aconitase 2 (ACO2) is a mitochondrial Fe-S cluster enzyme that catalyzes the stereospecific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate in the second step of the Krebs cycle. We investigated the relationship between ACO2 protein expression and the clinical course of RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor samples were evaluated in a commercial tissue microarray for ACO2 expression using the H-score. The tissue microarrays contained a total of 96 cores from primary tumors, matched metastases, and matched adjacent tissues derived from 32 patients with RCC. The mean follow-up was 82.74 months. Correlation analysis of clinicopathological data and survival was performed. Expression levels of ACO2 mRNA were compared using publicly available data. RESULTS All the tissue samples showed cytoplasmic ACO2 expression, with median H-scores of 139.7, 130.3 and 166.7 in primary tumor, metastatic tissue, and matched control tissue, respectively. A significantly higher ACO2 expression was found in normal tissues compared to primary and metastatic RCC. The analysis demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between ACO2 expression in primary tumors and their metastases. The results also showed a significant correlation between the expression of ACO2 and worse overall survival among patients with RCC. CONCLUSION ACO2 may be used as a prognostic factor in RCC. Significant alterations in ACO2 expression are thought to occur in the early stages of RCC carcinogenesis. Considering the physiological role of ACO2, its dysregulation may constitute an adaptive trait of RCC for escaping the equilibrium phase of immunoediting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jaworski
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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12
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Borowczak J, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Zdrenka M, Słupski P, Andrusewicz H, Łysik-Miśkurka J, Rutkiewicz P, Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł. The prognostic role of p53 and its correlation with CDK9 in urothelial carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:830-840. [PMID: 36374405 PMCID: PMC9941229 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mutation of p53 is considered a pivotal step in bladder cancer pathogenesis. Recently, distinct interactions between p53 and CDK9, a transcription regulator, have been described. In this work, we explored the prognostic role of p53 expression and evaluated its associations with CDK9 in urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research group consisted of 67 bladder cancer samples and 32 normal urothelial mucosa samples. All specimens were analyzed using ImageJ and the IHC profiler plugin. To validate the results, 406 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed. RESULTS P53 and CDK9 are overexpressed in urothelial cancer tissues when compared to normal urothelial tissues (p < 0.05). High p53 expression was observed in metastatic tumors and tumors with high CDK9 expression (p < 0,05). High p53 expression was predictive for shorter survival in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR = 0.107 [0.012-0.96]; p = 0.046) but did not correlate with prognosis in the muscle-invasive group. In high CDK9 cancers, high p53 expression correlated with the occurrence of high-grade and muscle-invasive tumors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION High expression of p53 correlates with unfavorable clinical features of bladder cancer. CDK9 is associated with the expression of p53, possibly through interactions with p53 inhibitors. Since the blockade of CDK9 in other malignancies reactivates wild-p53 activity, confirming the crosstalk between p53 and CDK9 in bladder cancer may be another step to explain the mechanism of tumor progression in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Słupski
- Department of Urology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Andrusewicz
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Łysik-Miśkurka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paula Rutkiewicz
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland ,Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland ,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland ,Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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13
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Solarz P, Bodnar M, Czech J, Mackiewicz-Nartowicz H, Sinkiewicz A, Szylberg Ł, Borowczak J, Rutkiewicz P, Zwierz A, Burduk P. Assessment of immunomodulation and regulation of cell cycle in epithelium and stroma after Cidofovir injection in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis-Pilot study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28303. [PMID: 36369954 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is strictly connected with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract. The main treatment of lesions located in the larynx or lower pharynx includes microsurgical excision by using a CO2 laser. To decrease the amount of surgical procedures gain in importance combined therapy with antiviral agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the intralesional application of Cidofovir on the tissue of laryngeal papillomas. We have shown that simultaneous microsurgery with adjuvant therapy of Cidofovir reduces chronic inflammation (by measuring the expression of CD4 and CD8 in tissue samples), cell proliferation, and regulates the cell cycle of HPV-infected cells by reducing the expression of p53 and p63 proteins. In addition, this strategy reduces the multiple surgical procedures and regrowth of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Solarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Czech
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Mackiewicz-Nartowicz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Sinkiewicz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paula Rutkiewicz
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksander Zwierz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Burduk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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14
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Kowalewski A, Jaworski D, Borowczak J, Maniewski M, Szczerbowski K, Antosik P, Durślewicz J, Smolińska M, Ligmanowska J, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. TOLLIP Protein Expression Predicts Unfavorable Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314702. [PMID: 36499030 PMCID: PMC9741407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to systemic therapy is one of the hallmarks of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recently, TOLLIP has emerged as a possible driver of autophagy and chemoresistance. We explored the relationship between primary and metastatic RCC tumor characteristics, patient survival, and TOLLIP expression. The tissue microarrays cohort contained 95 cores of the primary tumor, matched metastases, and matched adjacent tissues derived from 32 RCC patients. TOLLIP expression in tumor samples was evaluated using the H-score. All examined samples showed cytoplasmic TOLLIP expression, with a median value of 100 in primary tumors, 107.5 in metastases, and 220 in the control group. The expression was significantly higher in the normal adjacent tissues compared to primary or metastatic RCC (p < 0.05). We found a positive correlation between expressions of TOLLIP in the primary tumor and its metastases (p < 0.05; k = 0.48). TOLLIP expression significantly correlates with a lower overall survival rate (p = 0.047). TOLLIP functions as a ubiquitin-LC3 adaptor in the intracellular pathway associated with autophagy. Relative TOLLIP overexpression may augment autophagy-related signaling, limiting susceptibility to therapy. The blockade of TOLLIP physiological function seems to be a promising approach to overcoming resistance to systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-5854200; Fax: +48-52-5854049
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Ligmanowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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15
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Kostecka A, Nowikiewicz T, Olszewski P, Koczkowska M, Horbacz M, Heinzl M, Andreou M, Salazar R, Mair T, Madanecki P, Gucwa M, Davies H, Skokowski J, Buckley PG, Pęksa R, Śrutek E, Szylberg Ł, Hartman J, Jankowski M, Zegarski W, Tiemann-Boege I, Dumanski JP, Piotrowski A. High prevalence of somatic PIK3CA and TP53 pathogenic variants in the normal mammary gland tissue of sporadic breast cancer patients revealed by duplex sequencing. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:76. [PMID: 35768433 PMCID: PMC9243094 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes hormonally stimulated cycles of proliferation, lactation, and involution. We hypothesized that these factors increase the mutational burden in glandular tissue and may explain high cancer incidence rate in the general population, and recurrent disease. Hence, we investigated the DNA sequence variants in the normal mammary gland, tumor, and peripheral blood from 52 reportedly sporadic breast cancer patients. Targeted resequencing of 542 cancer-associated genes revealed subclonal somatic pathogenic variants of: PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, MAP3K1, CDH1, RB1, NCOR1, MED12, CBFB, TBX3, and TSHR in the normal mammary gland at considerable allelic frequencies (9 × 10-2- 5.2 × 10-1), indicating clonal expansion. Further evaluation of the frequently damaged PIK3CA and TP53 genes by ultra-sensitive duplex sequencing demonstrated a diversified picture of multiple low-level subclonal (in 10-2-10-4 alleles) hotspot pathogenic variants. Our results raise a question about the oncogenic potential in non-tumorous mammary gland tissue of breast-conserving surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Prof. F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koczkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Horbacz
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Heinzl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Maria Andreou
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renato Salazar
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Theresa Mair
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gucwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Skokowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Patomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Śrutek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Prof. F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic, Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTech Labs, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Jan P Dumanski
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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16
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Filipowicz N, Drężek K, Horbacz M, Wojdak A, Szymanowski J, Rychlicka-Buniowska E, Juhas U, Duzowska K, Nowikiewicz T, Stańkowska W, Chojnowska K, Andreou M, Ławrynowicz U, Wójcik M, Davies H, Śrutek E, Bieńkowski M, Milian-Ciesielska K, Zdrenka M, Ambicka A, Przewoźnik M, Harazin-Lechowska A, Adamczyk A, Kowalski J, Bała D, Wiśniewski D, Tkaczyński K, Kamecki K, Drzewiecka M, Wroński P, Siekiera J, Ratnicka I, Jankau J, Wierzba K, Skokowski J, Połom K, Przydacz M, Bełch Ł, Chłosta P, Matuszewski M, Okoń K, Rostkowska O, Hellmann A, Sasim K, Remiszewski P, Sierżęga M, Hać S, Kobiela J, Kaska Ł, Jankowski M, Hodorowicz-Zaniewska D, Jaszczyński J, Zegarski W, Makarewicz W, Pęksa R, Szpor J, Ryś J, Szylberg Ł, Piotrowski A, Dumanski JP. Comprehensive cancer-oriented biobanking resource of human samples for studies of post-zygotic genetic variation involved in cancer predisposition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266111. [PMID: 35390022 PMCID: PMC8989288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress in translational cancer research relies on access to well-characterized samples from a representative number of patients and controls. The rationale behind our biobanking are explorations of post-zygotic pathogenic gene variants, especially in non-tumoral tissue, which might predispose to cancers. The targeted diagnoses are carcinomas of the breast (via mastectomy or breast conserving surgery), colon and rectum, prostate, and urinary bladder (via cystectomy or transurethral resection), exocrine pancreatic carcinoma as well as metastases of colorectal cancer to the liver. The choice was based on the high incidence of these cancers and/or frequent fatal outcome. We also collect age-matched normal controls. Our still ongoing collection originates from five clinical centers and after nearly 2-year cooperation reached 1711 patients and controls, yielding a total of 23226 independent samples, with an average of 74 donors and 1010 samples collected per month. The predominant diagnosis is breast carcinoma, with 933 donors, followed by colorectal carcinoma (383 donors), prostate carcinoma (221 donors), bladder carcinoma (81 donors), exocrine pancreatic carcinoma (15 donors) and metachronous colorectal cancer metastases to liver (14 donors). Forty percent of the total sample count originates from macroscopically healthy cancer-neighboring tissue, while contribution from tumors is 12%, which adds to the uniqueness of our collection for cancer predisposition studies. Moreover, we developed two program packages, enabling registration of patients, clinical data and samples at the participating hospitals as well as the central system of sample/data management at coordinating center. The approach used by us may serve as a model for dispersed biobanking from multiple satellite hospitals. Our biobanking resource ought to stimulate research into genetic mechanisms underlying the development of common cancers. It will allow all available "-omics" approaches on DNA-, RNA-, protein- and tissue levels to be applied. The collected samples can be made available to other research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga Drężek
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Horbacz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Wojdak
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymanowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Bioenit Jakub Szymanowski, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ulana Juhas
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Maria Andreou
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Wójcik
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewa Śrutek
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center—Prof Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center—Prof Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ambicka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Przewoźnik
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Harazin-Lechowska
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bała
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorian Wiśniewski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Tkaczyński
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamecki
- Department of Urology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Drzewiecka
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Wroński
- Department of Urology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Siekiera
- Department of Urology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Izabela Ratnicka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jankau
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Wierzba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Skokowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Biobank, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Przydacz
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bełch
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Chłosta
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department and Clinic of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Sasim
- Clinic of Urology and Oncological Urology, Specialist Hospital of Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Piotr Remiszewski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Sierżęga
- Department of General, Oncological, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisław Hać
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Diana Hodorowicz-Zaniewska
- Department of General, Oncological, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Jaszczyński
- Department of Urology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makarewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Clinic of General and Oncological Surgery, Specialist Hospital of Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center—Prof Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan P. Dumanski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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17
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Borowczak J, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Zdrenka M, Słupski P, Antosik P, Kołodziejska S, Sekielska-Domanowska M, Dubiel M, Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł. The Prognostic Role of CDK9 in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061492. [PMID: 35326643 PMCID: PMC8945910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Most patients with urothelial carcinoma are diagnosed with non-invasive tumors, but the prognosis worsens with the progression of the disease. Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 has been recently linked to increased cancer proliferation, faster progression, and worse prognosis. However, some cancers seem to contradict this rule. In this work, we explored the prognostic role of CDK9 expression in urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 72 bladder cancer samples. To assess a larger group of patients, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database containing 406 cases and transcriptomics information through the Human Pathology Atlas were analyzed. Results: CDK9 is overexpressed in urothelial cancer tissues when compared to normal urothelial tissues (p < 0.05). High CDK9 expression was observed in low-stage, low-grade, and non-muscle-invasive tumors (p < 0.05). The patients with high CDK9 expression had a significantly higher 5-year overall survival rate than those with low CDK9 expression (77.54% vs. 53.6% in the TMA group and 57.75% vs. 35.44% in the TCGA group, respectively) (p < 0.05). The results were consistent in both cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that low CDK9 status was an independent predictor for poor prognosis in the TCGA cohort (HR 1.60, CL95% 1.1−2.33, p = 0.014). Conclusions: High CDK9 expression predicts a favorable prognosis in urothelial carcinoma and is associated with clinicopathological features characteristic for early-stage disease. The decrease in CDK9 expression can be associated with the build-up of genetic instability and may indicate a key role for CDK9 in the early stages of urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.S.); (M.M.); (P.A.); (M.B.); (Ł.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-5854200; Fax: +48-52-5854049
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.S.); (M.M.); (P.A.); (M.B.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.S.); (M.M.); (P.A.); (M.B.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Słupski
- Department of Urology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.S.); (M.M.); (P.A.); (M.B.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Sylwia Kołodziejska
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Marta Sekielska-Domanowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariusz Dubiel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.S.); (M.M.); (P.A.); (M.B.); (Ł.S.)
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.S.); (M.M.); (P.A.); (M.B.); (Ł.S.)
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Chair of Pathology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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18
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Abstract
Currently, multiple myeloma is not yet considered a curable disease. Despite the recent advances in therapy, the average patient lifespan is still unsatisfactory. Recently, CDK9 inhibitors emerged as a suitable agent to overcome resistance and prolong survival in patients with poor diagnoses. Downregulation of c-MYC, XIAP, Mcl-1 and restoration of p53 tumor-suppressive functions seems to play a key role in achieving clinical response. The applicability of the first generation of CDK9 inhibitors was limited due to relatively high toxicity, but the introduction of novel, highly selective drugs, seems to reduce the effects of off-target inhibition. CDK9 inhibitors were able to induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in Doxorubicin-resistant, Lenalidomide-resistant and Bortezomib-resistant cell lines. They seem to be effective in cell lines with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as p53 deletion, t(4; 14) and t(14; 16). In preclinical trials, the application of CDK9 inhibitors led to tumor cells apoptosis, tumor growth inhibition and tumor mass reduction. Synergistic effects between CDK9 inhibitors and either Venetoclax, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide or Erlotinib have been proven and are awaiting verification in clinical trials. Although conclusions should be drawn with due care, obtained reports suggest that including CDK9 inhibitors into the current drug regimen may turn out to be beneficial, especially in poor prognosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Krystkiewicz K, Wrona D, Tosik M, Birski M, Szylberg Ł, Morawska A, Furtak J, Wałęsa C, Stopa K, Harat M. Dural sinus thrombosis after resection of vestibular schwannoma using suboccipital retrosigmoid approach-thrombosis classification and management proposal. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:2211-2219. [PMID: 35061140 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dural sinus thrombosis is one of the complications after posterior fossa surgery. However, that topic is not described well with regard to vestibular schwannoma surgery using the unique suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. We analyzed retrospectively medical records and radiological investigations of 116 patients. The including criteria were histopathologically confirmed vestibular schwannoma operated on using the retrosigmoid approach, preoperative and postoperative contrast-enhanced MRI, and at least 1-year follow-up. The patient group included 36% males and 64% females. The average age was 47.3 ± 13.9 years. Sixty percent of the tumors were classified as T4b according to the Hannover scale and their mean volume was 13.73 ± 10.28 cm3. There were no signs of thrombosis preoperatively. Postoperative changes in the dural sinuses were found in 26 (22%) cases. In 7 (27%) cases, there was an external compression by the hemostatic agent, and in 19 (73%) cases, a thrombus was visualized in the sinus lumen. The size of the sinus, age, and the tumor size were not risk factors for thrombosis, whereas an intraoperative sinus injury was a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.0012). All of the patients diagnosed with thrombosis were in good clinical condition in long-term follow-up, except one fatal case. Complete recanalization was observed in 58% of cases after 1-year follow-up. Postoperative changes in the dural venous sinuses are a frequent finding after vestibular schwannoma surgery using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Intraoperative dural injury is a risk factor for thrombosis. Thrombosis in that group of patients is usually asymptomatic and does not influence the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Krystkiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 95-513, Łódź, Poland. .,Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Dawid Wrona
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 95-513, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Tosik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 95-513, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Birski
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, 10th Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Morawska
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Furtak
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Cezary Wałęsa
- Department of Radiology, 10th Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Konrad Stopa
- Department of Radiology, 10th Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Harat
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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20
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Borowczak J, Szczerbowski K, Stec E, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. CDK9: Therapeutic Perspective in HCC Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:318-324. [PMID: 32048975 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200212124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CDK9 is an important cell-cycle control enzyme essential in transcription, elongation, and mRNA maturation. Overexpression of CDK9 has been reported in several diseases, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and malignant melanoma. Recent research revealed that CDK9-inhibitors have a major impact on the induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Despite surprisingly promising results in in vitro and in vivo research, no CDK9 related therapy is currently allowed in cases of HCC. Furthermore, due to their high specificity, the inhibitors had no effects on unaltered hepatocytes and no toxic effects were shown. Considering that they were well tolerated and showed relatively few severe side-effects in mice, CDK9- inhibitors would seem to be promising targets in HCC biomarker-guided immunotherapy. Studies have verified that CDK9 has a pivotal role in c-Myc-mediated tumor growth and CDK9 inhibitors inhibit not only its progression but diametrically decrease both the mass and size of HCC nodules. CDK9-inhibitors seem to be a promising target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Stec
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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21
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Szczęsny W, Szylberg Ł, Słupski M, Marszałek A, Szmytkowski J. An unusual case of a tuberculous granuloma of the liver presenting thirteen years after intravesical BCG - therapy for bladder cancer. Pol Przegl Chir 2021; 93:1-5. [PMID: 33724226 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The authors present the case of a female patient with a tumor of segment VII of the liver, which was postoperatively identified as a tuberculous granuloma. The patient was admitted for elective surgery for a liver tumor, which had been diagnosed a few months before. Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance were performed, based on which focal nodular hyperplasia was suspected. Thirteen years prior to admission the patient had undergone a transurethral resection of superficial bladder carcinoma, followed by adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-therapy). Upon surgery, segment VII of the liver was resected; postoperative course was uneventful. After the identification of granuloma, the patient was referred to a phthysiatric clinic for further diagnostics and treatment. The authors have deemed this case worthy of reporting primarily due to the exceptionally long period between the completion of BCG therapy and the onset of hepatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szczęsny
- Chair and Clinic of General Surgery, Liver Surgery and Transplant Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Chair and Clinic of General Surgery, Liver Surgery and Transplant Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Szmytkowski
- Chair and Clinic of General Surgery, Liver Surgery and Transplant Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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22
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Zarębska I, Gzil A, Durślewicz J, Jaworski D, Antosik P, Ahmadi N, Smolińska-Świtała M, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. The clinical, prognostic and therapeutic significance of liver cancer stem cells and their markers. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101664. [PMID: 33667731 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of death among cancers. The poor prognosis of HCC might be caused by a population of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSC have similar characteristics to normal stem cells and are responsible for cancer recurrence, chemoresistance, radioresistance and metastasis. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSC) are identified via specific surface markers, such as CD44, CD90, CD133, and EpCAM (CD326). Recent studies suggested a complex interaction between mentioned LCSC markers and clinical features of HCC. A high expression of CSC is correlated with a negative prognostic factor after surgical resection of HCC and is connected with more aggressive tumor behavior. Moreover, LCSC might be responsible for increasing resistance to sorafenib, a kinase inhibitor drug. A reduction in the LCSC population may be crucial to successful advanced HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zarębska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska-Świtała
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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23
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Mielczarek M, Kubica A, Zieliński P, Szylberg M, Szylberg Ł, Kasprzak P, Szylberg T, Harat M. Primary central nervous lymphoma at the cerebellopontine angle: A case report. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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24
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Kowalewski A, Zdrenka M, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. Targeting the Deterministic Evolutionary Trajectories of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3300. [PMID: 33182233 PMCID: PMC7695334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of clinical resistance to currently available systemic therapies forces us to rethink our approach to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The ability to influence ccRCC evolution by inhibiting processes that propel it or manipulating its course may be an adequate strategy. There are seven deterministic evolutionary trajectories of ccRCC, which correlate with clinical phenotypes. We suspect that each trajectory has its own unique weaknesses that could be exploited. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in the treatment of ccRCC and demonstrated how to improve systemic therapies from the evolutionary perspective. Since there are only a few evolutionary trajectories in ccRCC, it appears feasible to use them as potential biomarkers for guiding intervention and surveillance. We believe that the presented patient stratification could help predict future steps of malignant progression, thereby informing optimal and personalized clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (D.G.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (D.G.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (D.G.); (Ł.S.)
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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25
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Kowalewski A, Jaworski D, Antosik P, Smolińska M, Ligmanowska J, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. TRIP13 predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2909-2918. [PMID: 33042625 PMCID: PMC7539765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
What is the leading molecular mechanism that causes broad resistance to systemic therapies remains a key question in renal cancer related research. We explored associations of TRIP13 expression with the clinical course using the tissue microarray (TMA). The TMA contained specimens from 87 patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We performed immunohistochemistry to investigate TRIP13 protein expression levels. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank statistics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models. Median follow up for the TMA cohort was 7.0 years. Tissues from 28.74% of patients demonstrated high TRIP13 expression. Mean TRIP13 expression in TRIP13-rich tumors was significantly higher comparing to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). TRIP13 expression did not significantly correlate with stage nor tumor grade (P > 0.05). Elevated expression of TRIP13 served as an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator of survival in ccRCC (P < 0.05). TRIP13 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in ccRCC. Together with the emerging reports, this observation raises a suspicion that TRIP13 is a substantial driver of resistance to systemic therapies against kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
| | - Marta Smolińska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
| | - Joanna Ligmanowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunPoland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial HospitalBydgoszcz, Poland
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Gzil A, Zarębska I, Jaworski D, Antosik P, Durślewicz J, Maciejewska J, Domanowska E, Skoczylas-Makowska N, Ahmadi N, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. The prognostic value of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein (Lgr5) and its impact on clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2547-2557. [PMID: 32671503 PMCID: PMC7467967 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. Recent research suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor cell’s malignant behavior in CRC. This study has been designed to determinate clinical implications of CSC markers: CD44, DCLK1, Lgr5, and ANXA2 in CRC. Materials and methods The study was performed on tissue samples which were collected from 89 patients undergoing colectomy. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with representative tumor areas were identified and corded. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-CD44, anti-LGR5, anti-ANXA2, and anti-DCLK1 antibodies. The H-score system was utilized to determine the immunointensity of CRC cells. Results The lower expression of Lgr5 was significantly correlated with the presence of lymph-node metastases (p = 0.011), while high expression of Lgr5 was statistically significant in vascular invasion in examined cancer tissue samples (p = 0.027). Moreover, a high H-score value of Lgr5 expression was significantly related to a reduced overall survival rate (p = 0.043). Conclusion Our results suggest a strong relationship between CSC marker Lgr5 and vascular invasion, presence of lymph-node metastasis, and overall poor survival. The presence of Lgr5 might be an unfavorable prognostic factor, and its high level in cancer tissue is related to an aggressive course. This marker could also be used to access the effectiveness of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland. .,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Izabela Zarębska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Maciejewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Domanowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Natalia Skoczylas-Makowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Janiczek M, Szylberg Ł, Antosik P, Marszalek A. Alternative inflammatory cytokines pathways in prostate cancer: In search of new therapeutic options. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e17504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e17504 Background: The inflammatory reaction pathways have impact on tumor cells development or anti-tumor responses. Both by the activity of the innate and acquired immune response signalling pathways. A proper acquired immune response is considered as anti-tumor. While inadequate innate or acquired stimulation of the immune system can cause chronic inflammation that can lead to oncogenesis. Numerous reports have revealed a relationship between chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the study is to retrospectively assess the histological material of PCa with the Gleason grading score. The histological material evaluated the level of inflammatory factors of pathways initiated by IL-17A and IL-17F. The evaluation of the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17RA, IL-17RC, AKT1, EBPbeta, TRAF 6 and NF-kB made it possible to assess the influence of the inflammatory process on the progression of PCa. Methods: Studies were carried out on archival tissue material in the form of paraffin blocks of 40 men with PCa after radical prostatectomy. The control group of 10 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The material was obtained by the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The immunohistochemistry was performed on the material prepared in this way using specific primary antibodies against IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17RA, IL-17RC, ACT1, TRAF-6, C/EBPbeta and NF-kB. The expression of the antibody to be examined using the light microscopy and the Remmele Stegner score (IRS) in cancer staining were then evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: In statistical analysis, it was shown that the inflammatory pathway IL17A/IL-17RC/TRAF6/NF-kB occurs in both BPH and PCa. IL-17 RA did not show expression in any group of patients and in the control group. In addition, along with the increase in the grading of Gleason score, a decrease in the expression of the tested inflammatory parameters was demonstrated. Conclusions: The inflammatory process has an impact on the cancer of prostate cancer. There is a correlation between the grades according to Gleason score and the level of expression of inflammation parameters. Activation of the inflammatory pathway through IL17A/IL-17RC/TRAF6/NF-kB cascade could correlate PCa development on the base of BPH. Evaluation of the inflammatory pathway in PCa, the initiated IL-17, may become a starting point for further research on an attempt to use, for example, immunotherapy in PCa.
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Gzil A, Jaworski D, Antosik P, Zarębska I, Durślewicz J, Dominiak J, Kasperska A, Neska-Długosz I, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. The impact of TP53BP1 and MLH1 on metastatic capability in cases of locally advanced prostate cancer and their usefulness in clinical practice. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:600.e17-600.e26. [PMID: 32280038 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node (LN) metastases increase the risk of death from prostate cancer (CaP). The dysfunction of factors responsible for DNA injury detection may promote the evolution of localized primary tumors into the metastatic form. METHODS In this study, 52 cases of CaP were analyzed. The cases were divided into groups of CaP without metastases (N0), with metastases to the LNs (N+), and metastatic LN tissue. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with antibodies against MDC1, TP53BP1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed lower nuclear expression of TP53BP1 in N+ cases than in N0 cases (P = 0.026). Nuclear TP53BP1 expression was lower in LN cases than in N+ cases (P = 0.019). Statistical analysis showed lower nuclear expression of MLH1 in N+ cases than in to N0 cases (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Decreased expression of both MLH1 and TP53B1 were demonstrated in N+ cases of CaP. This observation could help to determine the risk of nodal metastasis, and to select appropriate treatment modalities for patients with locally advanced CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Izabela Zarębska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Dominiak
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kasperska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Izabela Neska-Długosz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland; Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof., Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gzil A, Zarębska I, Bursiewicz W, Antosik P, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. Markers of pancreatic cancer stem cells and their clinical and therapeutic implications. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6629-6645. [PMID: 31486978 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cause of death among all cancers. Poor prognosis of PC may be caused by a prevalence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a population of cancer cells showing stem cell-like characteristics. CSCs have the ability to self-renew and may initiate tumorigenesis. PC CSCs express markers such as CD133, CD24, CD44, DCLK1, CXCR4, ESA, Oct4 and ABCB1. There is a wide complexity of interaction and relationships between CSC markers in PC. These markers are negative prognostic factors and are connected with tumor recurrence and clinical progression. Additionally, PC CSCs are resistant to treatment with gemcitabine. Thus, most current therapies for PC are ineffective. Numerous studies have shown, that targeting of these proteins may increase both disease-free and overall survival in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Zarębska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiktor Bursiewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gzil A, Szylberg Ł, Jaworski D, Dominiak J, Zarębska I, Grzanka D. The Essential Role of DCLK1 in Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Procedures and Prognostic Stratification of Colorectal Cancer. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:2689-2697. [PMID: 31177103 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent type of cancer among males and the third among females. CRC recurrence and poor prognosis may be related to the prevalence of chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent studies have indicated the role of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) protein as a marker of CSC in CRC. This review focuses on the role of DCLK1 in CRC. Long-lived DCLK1-positive tuft cells can function as cancer-initiating cells. Numerous studies have shown DCLK1 overexpression to be significantly correlated with the stage of disease, the presence of metastasis and poor survival rate. DCLK1 may also be used to identify patients at high risk and those with chemotherapy-resistant tumors. DCLK1-specific drugs are examined as potential cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Dominiak
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Izabela Zarębska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kowalewski A, Szylberg Ł, Tyloch J, Antosik P, Neska-Długosz I, Frąckowski Ł, Tyloch D, Purpurowicz P, Grzanka D. Caspase 3 as a Novel Marker to Distinguish Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma from Oncocytoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1519-1524. [PMID: 30467700 PMCID: PMC6815282 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the biology of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) and renal oncocytoma (RO), the differential diagnosis among these tumors remains one of the most problematic in renal pathology. Today, CK7 is the most recommended marker to distinguish these entities, however it appears insufficiently accurate by itself. This study aimed to find an easily accessible IHC stain that might out-compete CK7 in this field. Expressions of CK7, cyclin D1, p16, survivin, CD138, Ki-67 and caspase 3 (CASP3) were analyzed in a total of 27 cases (20 ROs and 7 ChRCCs). Immunoreactivity was assessed based on a combined score of the extent and intensity of staining. Compared to RO, a higher percentage of the total ChRCCs stained positive for CK7 (67% vs. 22%, respectively) and CASP3 (86% vs. 25%) (P < 0.005). The differences in staining with cyclin D1, p16, survivin, CD138 and Ki-67 turned out to be statistically insignificant in differentiating ChRCC from RO. CASP3 is a promising marker in distinguishing ChRCC from RO and may represent an alternative for CK7. Cyclin D1, p16, survivin, CD138 and Ki-67 cannot be used to distinguish these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janusz Tyloch
- Department of General and Oncologic Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Izabela Neska-Długosz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Frąckowski
- Department of General and Oncologic Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominik Tyloch
- Department of General and Oncologic Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Purpurowicz
- Department of General and Oncologic Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kowalewski A, Szylberg Ł, Saganek M, Napiontek W, Antosik P, Grzanka D. Emerging strategies in BRCA-positive pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1503-1507. [PMID: 29777302 PMCID: PMC6061050 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We propose a treatment algorithm for PDAC with particular emphasis on BRCA1 or 2 mutation-positive patients. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest diseases in the United States and Europe. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are among the most common of the known genetic mutations involved in familial PDAC. The optimal chemotherapy regimen to use for BRCA1 or 2 mutation carriers with PDAC is not yet established. As new treatment options emerge, algorithms must balance the need to give the best drugs first with ensuring that there are still beneficial options available for later. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature for data on possible therapies in BRCA-positive and BRCA-negative pancreatic cancer. RESULTS There is accumulating evidence of increased sensitivity to platinum-based therapy and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in BRCA-associated PDAC. There are no studies relating to borderline BRCA-associated PDAC and, therefore, same treatment as for sporadic PDAC seems appropriate. Treatment of unresectable PDAC varies depending on stage of the disease. Patients with BRCA-associated locally advanced PDAC can benefit from targeted therapy with PARPi (olaparib) as a second-line therapy after antimetabolite treatment failure. Patients with unresectable metastatic BRCA-positive PDAC may benefit from platinum-based therapy. CONCLUSION Targeted therapies are shifting the treatment paradigms and increasing survival for patients with PDAC, a group that used to have a grim prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Military Clinical Hospital, Powstańców Warszawy Str. 5, 85-681, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Saganek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Napiontek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M, Lebioda A, Krepska P, Kowalewski A, Bręborowicz G, Marszałek A. Differences in the Expression of TLR-2, NOD2, and NF-κB in Placenta Between Twins. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:463-470. [PMID: 29796818 PMCID: PMC6245244 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dizygotic twins share the same type of genetic relationship as non-twin siblings. Whereas monozygotic (MZ) twins are considered to have identical genetic material, they still differ. There is a number of reasons for early MZ twin discordance, including differences in the in utero environment, stochasticity, genetic mosaicism, and epigenetic factors. During gestation, the efficient innate immune system is of utmost importance. Our study was based on immunohistochemical evaluation of the differences in innate immune protein expression (TLR-2, NOD2, and NF-κB) in the 95 placentas between twins. Our study revealed statistical significant differences between diamniotic–dichorionic and monoamniotic–dichorionic twins. Monoamniotic–monochorionic twins exhibited no significant differences in protein expressions. To identify epigenetic factors causing the differences between twins, we made a series of comparisons with clinical data. The study revealed more cases with infections, miscarriages, in vitro fertilization, and premature rupture of membranes within the group with higher differences level of NF-κB, NOD2 and TLR-2 between twins. In case of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, there were no significant differences in innate immune protein expressions between twins. These results show that dissimilar genetic material and separate in utero environment promote discordance in innate immune protein expressions between twins. Moreover, additional blood flow between twins may be favorable in life-threatening conditions ensuring similar microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szylberg
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland. .,Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Lebioda
- Department and Clinic of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krepska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bręborowicz
- Department and Clinic of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan, Poland
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Jaworski D, Szylberg Ł, Gzil A, Stawinski P, Kasperska A, Marszałek A. Diagnostic difficulties in cases of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, urothelial proliferation of uncertain malignant potential, urothelial dysplasia and urothelial papilloma: A review of current literature. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 40:182-188. [PMID: 29395466 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumours of the urinary tract are the fifth most frequent type of cancer. The most common types are urothelial tumours, among which, non-invasive urothelial neoplasms represent 45% of all cases. The 2016 WHO classification of urinary tract tumours introduced new classifications of non-invasive lesions. Besides urothelial papilloma (UP) and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), as described in the former classification, the new classification also includes new entities such as urothelial proliferation of uncertain malignant potential (UPUMP) and urothelial dysplasia (UD). Of the aforementioned, UPUMP is the lesion that most commonly progresses, but solely to non-invasive carcinomas. UD is associated with a high risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. Understanding the biological character, and establishing the correct differential diagnosis in cases of non-invasive, non-cancerous lesions of the urinary bladder, will be of importance in establishing outcome predictions for future patients. A systematic review of the current literature allows us to systematize genetic, morphologic and prognostic factors of such lesions. Moreover, the collected data provide the basis for a proposed diagnostic algorithm which facilitates quick and effective differential diagnoses in cases of non-invasive non-cancerous urinary bladder lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Peter Stawinski
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poland
| | - Anna Kasperska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poland
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Wiśniewska-Chudy E, Szylberg Ł, Dworacki G, Mizera-Nyczak E, Marszałek A. pSTAT5 and ERK exhibit different expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2295-2307. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Since more than 5 years, it becomes evident that there is a new group of patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck area, namely human papillomavirus (HPV)-related (caused) tumors. As clinical statistics indicate, those patients have better prognosis, even despite more advanced stage compared to those with HPV-negative tumors. In fact, as a surrogate of HPV infection for clinical studies, an immunohistochemical expression of p16 protein is used. In the following chapter, the spectrum of squamous cell carcinomas variants with indication of the percentage cases with proved HPV infection will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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Szylberg Ł, Karbownik D, Marszałek A. The Role of FOXP3 in Human Cancers. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3789-3794. [PMID: 27466478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3 transcription factor can be observed as the main component of the immune system expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells that regulate hemostasis and self-tolerance. Moreover, the altered expression of FOXP3 was found in autoimmune diseases, benign tumors and carcinomas. Latest reports indicate that the FOXP3 gene mutation can contribute to carcinogenesis, which can be associated with immune response abnormalities. Infiltration of the Treg cells into tumor cells can be associated with prognosis. Understanding the biology of the FOXP3 gene may be crucial in developing new immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Dominika Karbownik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
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Marszałek A, Szylberg Ł, Wiśniewski S. Pathologic aspects of skull base tumors. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2016; 21:288-303. [PMID: 27330415 PMCID: PMC4899430 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skull base tumors form a highly heterogeneous group. As there are several structures in this anatomical site, a large number of different primary malignancies might develop, as well as a variety of secondary (metastatic) tumors. In this article, the most common malignancies are presented, along with a short histopathologic description. For some entities, an immunohistochemical profile is also given that should be helpful in proper diagnosis. As many pathologic diagnoses nowadays also include genetic studies, the most common genetic abnormalities in skull base tumors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Greater Poland Center of Oncology, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wiśniewski
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Greater Poland Center of Oncology, Poznan, Poland
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Kowalewski A, Szylberg Ł, Skórczewska A, Marszałek A. Diagnostic Difficulties With Atrophy, Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia, and Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 14:361-365. [PMID: 26992486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, behind only lung cancer. In some cases, the proper diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia can be challenging, and the differential diagnosis includes atypical nonmalignant lesions such as atrophy, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), and atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). Atrophy and AAH have a benign clinical outcome, and if detected on needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate, clinical follow-up seems appropriate. In contrast, ASAP cannot be determined to be benign or malignant. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of ASAP is an indication for repeat biopsy because the chance of finding prostate adenocarcinoma is even greater than that with an earlier diagnosis of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Malignant lesions require more restrictive treatment; therefore, differentiation among atrophy, AAH, ASAP, and adenocarcinoma is essential. We performed a systematic review of the current data allow to the creation of a diagnostic algorithm for atrophy, AAH, ASAP, and adenocarcinoma. We propose an algorithm that covers the practical issues related to interpretation of the biopsy findings and how to proceed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Skórczewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
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Szylberg Ł, Janiczek M, Popiel A, Marszałek A. Expression of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 in epithelium of serrated adenoma, adenoma and hyperplastic polyp. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:172-8. [PMID: 26925134 PMCID: PMC4754379 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.57594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colon polyps and inflammatory process play the key role in neoplasia of colorectal cancer. In recent years there have been many publications on the malignancy of hyperplastic polyp (HP) which according to the WHO classification is a non-neoplastic polyp. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of inflammatory proteins COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 in the epithelium of colorectal polyps. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the study, 144 colorectal polyps were analyzed. The groups of HP, classical (A) and serrated adenomas (SA) and normal mucosa (control) according to histopathological studies were selected. Immunohistochemical examinations Rusing antibodies against COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 were performed. The expression of analyzed protein was evaluated using modified Remmele-Stegner scale (0-16). RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed higher expression of TNF-α (16 ±3.87 vs. 1 ±5.06), IL-1β (12 ±4 vs 8 ±2.72), COX-2 (9 ±2.54 vs. 8 ±3.14) and IL-4 (12 ±3.45 vs. 4 ±3.35) in SA polyps compared to the control (p < 0.001). The HP had an increased level of expression of TNF-α (12 ±3.72 vs. 1 ±5.06, p < 0.005), COX-2 (8.5 ±1.97 vs. 8 ±3.14, p < 0.012) and IL-4 (12 ±3.46 vs. 4 ±3.35, p < 0.001). Significantly higher expression of IL-4 (12 ±2.32 vs. 4 ±3.35, p < 0.001) and IL-1β (16 ±4.32 vs. 8 ±2.72, p < 0.044) in A compared to the control were observed. CONCLUSIONS Expression of inflammatory factors differed between polyps. Inflammation accompanied the serrated structures which occur in polyps. The inflammatory process affects the development of colorectal polyps. The HP may predispose to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Marlena Janiczek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Aneta Popiel
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
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Szylberg Ł, Janiczek M, Popiel A, Marszałek A. Large Bowel Genetic Background and Inflammatory Processes in Carcinogenesis--Systematic Review. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2015; 24:555-63. [PMID: 26469098 DOI: 10.17219/acem/31239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most common cancer in developed countries. Each year more and more people die from CRC. CRC is also one of the most effectively studied topics in recent years. It has been found that the key phenomena in CRC development are genetic and inflammatory processes. Well-known genetic bases for the carcinogenesis of CRC include chromosomal changes characteristic of the chromosomal instability pathway which correlates with specific and well-defined genetic alterations (such as APC, K-RAS, DCC and p53) and genomic instability characteristics for the mutator pathway focused on KRAS and BRAF mutations. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of inflammation in CRC, especially elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among important risk factors of colon carcinogenesis are colorectal polyps, which are currently the subject of intense research. Recent studies have shown that different adenomas are characterized by different pathways of carcinogenesis as well as diverse COX-2 expression in various polyps. Understanding the mechanism of inflammatory processes in CRC parallel to basic genetic alterations might allow for effective and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Marlena Janiczek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Aneta Popiel
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Oncology Center, Poland
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Sokal P, Rudaś M, Harat M, Szylberg Ł, Zieliński P. Deep anterior cerebellar stimulation reduces symptoms of secondary dystonia in patients with cerebral palsy treated due to spasticity. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 135:62-8. [PMID: 26038278 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep anterior cerebellar stimulation (DACS) is a neuromodulation therapy of spasticity. Bilateral DACS is applied in young patients with cerebral palsy (CP). In these patients symptoms of spasticity coexist with symptoms of focal or segmental dystonia, which can cause chronic pain. We performed the study to investigate the therapeutic effects of DACS in spasticity, secondary dystonia and pain. METHODS We examined 10 from 13 patients with CP treated with DACS due to spasticity in years 2006-2012. We compared Ashworth scores of spasticity, VAS scale of pain and UDRS (Unified Dystonia Rating Scale) score before DACS and after it in follow-up lasting from 2 to 11 years it in these patients basing on clinical examination and evaluating forms given by the patients or parents. RESULTS We received statistically significant reduction of spasticity in upper extremities (median: from 3 to 1,5 in Ashworth scale) in 8 patients (p = 0,01), in lower extremities in 7 patients (median: from 3 to 1,75) (p = 0,02). Symptoms of focal dystonia were reduced. Total score for the UDRS (median = 18,0 before surgery) after DACS decreased significantly (median = 10,3) (p = 0,043). Change in consecutive parts of UDRS before (median = 1,6) and after (median = 1,0) surgery in 7 patients had statistical significance (p = 0,0179). There were not significant changes in intensity of pain before and after surgery (p = 0,108). DISCUSSION Chronic bilateral DACS aimed for spasticity treatment not only decreases muscular tone in quadriplegic or paraplegic patients with CP but also is associated with reduction of symptoms of focal or segmental, secondary dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sokal
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10(th) Military Research Hospital, Powstancow Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Rudaś
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10(th) Military Research Hospital, Powstancow Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Harat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagielonska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Pathology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagielonska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Zieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10(th) Military Research Hospital, Powstancow Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Jabłonowska-Fudzińska D, Marszałek A, Szylberg Ł. [Tobacco smoking as a cofactor for the development of cervical cancer]. Przegl Lek 2015; 72:103-105. [PMID: 26731863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer is mainly related to persistent HPV infection. However in neoplastic transformation participate additional factors, one of the main is tobacco smoking. Nowadays, in Poland is conduced prophylactic program with the target to decrease incidence and mortality according to cervical cancer. The basis of this program is Pap smears, histological diagnostics and colposcopy. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this paper was evaluation of correlation between histopatological changes uterin cervix in respect of tobacco smoking and immunohistochemistry LI capsid protein test. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 3520 patients with incorrect Pap smears selected 36 cases (medium age 36) with incorrect Pap smears and histology. Used immunohistochemical methods (with HRP system) for evaluation of L1 protein. RESULTS In group with positive L1 test significant part were smokers and those who quite smoking. The results revealed directly relate between cigarette.
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Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł, Kazmierczak W, Marszalek A. Tumor progression driven by pathways activating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:437-43. [PMID: 25244188 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is still a problem worldwide. In some publications interactions between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) implicated during cancer progression were suggested. METHODS The immunohistochemical staining using primary antibody against MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were performed. The research group consists of primary N(0) LSCC (20 cases), primary N(+) LSCC (17 cases), and 18 cases of normal mucosa. RESULTS Studied MMPs and TIMPs were localized in tumor cells and tumor stroma compartment. MMP-2 expression was higher in stroma compared to tumor cells. MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 expression was higher in tumor cells than in tumor stroma (P < 0.05). In tumor stroma MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3 expression, in LSCC N(0) vs. LSCC N(+) was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The ratios between MMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression were statistically significant (N(0) vs. N(+); P = 0.012). The analyses using classification trees predicted the probability of metastases according to TIMP-3/MMP-14/MMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The presence of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 expression in tumor cells and in tumor stroma, and additionally different expression according to lymph node involvement suggested of their impact during cancer progression. The significant correlation between TIMP-3 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases and MMP-2 expression might suggest the importance of TIMP-3 as a prognostic factor during tumor progression. The evaluation of molecular markers which participate in MMP-2 activation pathway have a major impact during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kazmierczak
- Department of Otolaryngology and Clinical Oncology Chair and Clinic of Otolaryngology and Department of Pathophysiology of Hearing and Balance System, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Oncology Center, Poznan, Poland
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Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł, Kaźmierczak W, Marszałek A. Immunohistochemical expression of p27(kip1) in metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Med Sci 2014; 59:206-12. [PMID: 25323759 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic issue. The diagnostic delay is mainly a consequence of the lack of evident symptoms in the early stage of the disease. The purpose of current studies was the evaluation of the expression of p27(kip1) in primary and metastatic LSCC in correlation with patients' clinicopathological data. MATERIAL/METHODS The indirect immunohistochemical studies were performed on the series of 60 sections (primary tumor: 20 cases of N(0) and 20 cases of N(+), and nodal meta: 20 cases), using primary antibody against p27(kip1) [clone 1B4]. The expression of analyzed protein was performed using automated morphometric methods. RESULTS The p27(kip1) nuclear expression was found in 100% (40/40) cases of primary tumor, and in 85% (17/20) cases of SCC meta at lymph nodes. In primary LSCC N(0) the expression of p27(kip1) was significantly higher compared to N(+) cases (p=0.036672). However, the p27(kip1) expression in SCC metastases was higher compared to the primary SCC. Moreover, the analyses based on the classification trees revealed the cutoff p27(kip1) expression in primary LSCC (IRS ≤ 76) which was characteristic for N(+) patients. Consequently, our analysis revealed that high expression of p27(kip1) (IRS>76) was characteristic for N(0) patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that p27(kip1) might be useful prognostic factor of metastatic potential in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kaźmierczak
- Department of Otolaryngology and Clinical Oncology Chair and Clinic of Otolaryngology and Department of Pathophysiology of Hearing and Balance System Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Oncology Center, Poznan, Poland.
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Burduk PK, Bodnar M, Sawicki P, Szylberg Ł, Wiśniewska E, Kaźmierczak W, Martyńska M, Marszałek A. Expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and tissue inhibitors 1 and 2 as predictors of lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:418-22. [PMID: 24436008 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) can decompose extracellular matrix (ECM) components and brake down basement membranes and, thus, promote tumor local invasion and metastasis. METHODS We studied 41 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx who underwent surgical treatment. Material was diagnosed by routine procedure and examined by immunohistochemical analysis and dot blot technique. We searched for correlations between expressions of MMPs, such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and treatment outcome. RESULTS We found cytoplasmic expression of analyzed proteins, both in cancer cells and tumor stroma. The expression of analyzed antigens was higher in patients with lymph node metastases comparing patients without lymph node involvement. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that microenvironment changes are one of key factors in tumor progression. Divergent expression of MMPs and their inhibitors might be used as prognostic factor of oropharyngeal carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel K Burduk
- Department of Otolaryngology and Clinical Oncology Chair and Clinic of Otolaryngology and Department of Pathophysiology of Hearing and Balance System Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Abstract
The expression of FoxP3 in tumor cells might play an important role in cancer progression. We evaluated the immunoexpression of FoxP3 in thyroid tumors in children. Studies revealed high nuclear FoxP3 expression in follicular adenoma, papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma and low in goiter. Malignant tumors and adenomas, revealed a statistically significant higher expression of FoxP3 compared with the thyroid goiter. High FoxP3 expression in malignant lesions compared with low expression in goiter, may be indirect evidence of its role in carcinogenesis. Revealed high expression of FoxP3 in benign tumor, may suggest a strong activation of oncogenic processes in this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szylberg
- 1 Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Karolczak D, Wilk M, Błaszczyk A, Szylberg Ł, Seget M, Florek E, Marszałek A. [The awareness of addictive effect of nicotine --a questionnaire survey of students and employees of CM UMK]. Przegl Lek 2012; 69:884-887. [PMID: 23421052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is one of the main factors responsible for the development of human tumors, cardiovascular diseases and non-malignant respiratory diseases. Tobacco products are harmful to health and they contain nicotine, which is highly addictive. Many studies in humans and in animal models have shown that nicotine is addictive psychoactive drug, which triggers a cascade of neurobiological events in the brain reward centers leading to the intensity of behavior what aims to enhanced use of tobacco. In Poland the number of smokers is estimated at about 9.5 million people. Among active smokers is a significant number of medical students. 480 people have joined the study (253 women and 227 men): 416 student of Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (CM UMK), 59 students of biomedical engineering at the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz and 5 employees of CM UMK. 13% of all respondents admitted to smoking cigarettes. Respondents students and university staff mainly responded affirmatively to the question about psychoactive addiction by smoking-Performed questionnaire also revealed a high awareness about the use of nicotine during smoking cessation. Most people had their first contact with tobacco smoke in the early years of life, meeting with tobacco smoke in the home and in school. A much smaller percentage of the students met for the first time to tobacco smoke in the later stages of education: high school and college. Even fewer respondents had their first encounter with tobacco smoke in the workplace. In summary, we can conclude that students and workers CM UMK show considerable awareness of the dangers of smoking and the addictive properties of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Karolczak
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
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Seget M, Karolczak D, Wilk M, Błaszczyk A, Szylberg Ł, Florek E, Marszałek A. [The awareness of carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke--a questionnaire survey of students and employees of Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University]. Przegl Lek 2012; 69:904-907. [PMID: 23421057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is currently the most significant risk factor for health according to WHO statements. It has been proven that smoking is the cause of many diseases, for example cardiovascular and respiratory tract diseases as well as impaired fertility and decreased immunity. The adverse effects of cigarette smoking on pregnancy and health of children were also proved. However, special attention is laid on impact of smoking on the development of cancer. In tobacco smoke there are over 4,000 different chemical substances and compounds, of which more than 50 are carcinogens. The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge of students and employees of Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (CM UMK), first on number and types of carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke and secondly on types of diseases caused by smoking. There were 480 responders included to the study(253 women and 227 men). Among them there were 416 students of CM UMK, 59 students of biomedical engineering at the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz and 5 employees of CM UMK. Among the respondents there was considerable ignorance about the number of carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke with over 50% of them indicating the incorrect answer. Among the carcinogens there were mentioned mostly tar and nicotine, and among the diseases caused by tobacco smoke most often pointed response there were lung and larynx cancer and heart and blood vessels diseases and to reduce the weight of newborns. In summary, we can conclude that the awareness of students and employees of CM UMK about the carcinogenic properties of tobacco smoke was not sufficient. Respondents were aware of the dangers of smoking, they knew the basic carcinogenic substances and pointed a few diseases caused by smoking cigarettes. Unfortunately their knowledge does not refer to a number of diseases which in common believe are not connected to cigarette smoking, but in fact tobacco smoke is very important for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Seget
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
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Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł, Kaźmierczak W, Marszałek A. [Evaluation of microvessel density (MVD) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]. Przegl Lek 2012; 69:726-730. [PMID: 23421020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensity of neoangiogenesis depends on relationship between factors that are responsible for stimulation and inhibition of this process. The intensity of neoangiogenesis could be assessed by the microvasculature density (MVD). Recent reports highlight the role of glycoprotein CD105 (endoglin) in the neoangiogenesis. CD105 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is a receptor for transforming growth factor. CD105 is overexpressed in the endothelium of blood vessels of tissues, particularly in de novo formed blood vessels within tumor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microvesseldensity by changes in CD105 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Expression of CD105 protein was performed using automated morphometric methods. New blood vessels density was demonstrated by CD105 expression as (MDV/CD105), and performed using the authors' "macro" function based on 'color deconvolation' and 'manual threshold" in the ImageJ program. Analysis of average microvessel density was performed in three hot spots, and includes the area of positively stained endothelial cells (0-100), level of CD105 expression (0-255). We have correlated the staining patterns with clinicopathological data. Analysis of CD105 expression revealed higher values MVD/CD105 in squamous cell carcinoma than in normal mucosa 115.44 vs. 55.83. Moreover, microvessel density was higher in N(+) group MVD/CD105 = 144.72 (SD = 104.15) than in the N(0) group MVD/CD105 80.44 (SD = 68.57). Analysis of correlation of CD105 expression in N(0) vs. N(+) demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000007). MVD/CD105 may be important prognostic factor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bodnar
- Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra i Zakład Patomorfologii Klinicznej
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