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Abba Hassan A, Ibrahim AM, Nadkarni A. A systematic review of task-sharing interventions for substance use and substance use disorder in low- and middle-income countries. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111093. [PMID: 38309090 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with adverse health and socio-economic consequences. Due to the shortage of specialist healthcare providers, people with SUDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have limited access to adequate treatment. Task-sharing with non-specialist health workers (NSHWs) has the potential to improve treatment accessibility for these individuals. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effectiveness of task-sharing interventions for SU and SUDs outcomes in LMICs. METHODS PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and CENTRAL databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to analyze the data. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs and two quasi-experimental studies met the eligibility criteria, and the majority had a low risk of bias rating. NSHW-delivered interventions significantly impact SU and SUDs outcomes, particularly in reducing alcohol and other substance use, cessation of smoking, and use of opioids. Multiple sessions delivered via face-to-face interactions was the most utilized method for intervention delivery. There were variations in terms of components of the intervention across studies; however, the most common intervention strategies used were a) personalized feedback, b) psychoeducation, c) motivational enhancement, d) problem-solving, and e) coping skills. CONCLUSION Our review highlights the growing interests in leveraging NSHWs to provide interventions to people with SU and SUDs in LMICs where access to treatment is limited. However, additional research is necessary to explore the effectiveness of these interventions and identify the specific active components linked to enhancing treatment outcomes on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma'u Abba Hassan
- Department of Psychiatry, Karu General Hospital, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Abba M Ibrahim
- Department of Mental Health, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Center for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Fouda AS, Etaiw SEH, Ibrahim AM, El-Hossiany AA. Insights into the use of two novel supramolecular compounds as corrosion inhibitors for stainless steel in a chloride environment: experimental as well as theoretical investigation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35305-35320. [PMID: 38053687 PMCID: PMC10694829 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel supramolecular (SCPs) compounds such as: {[Ni (EIN)4(NCS)2]}, SCP1 and {[Co (EIN)4 (NCS)2]}, SCP2 have been studied using weight loss (WL) and electrochemical tests on the corrosion performance of stainless steel 304 (SS304) in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. The experimental results revealed that inhibition efficacy (η%) rises with increasing concentrations of SCPs and reached 92.3% and 89.6% at 16 × 10-6 M, 25 °C, from the WL method for SCP1 and SCP2, respectively. However, by raising the temperature, η% was reduced. Polarization measurements (PDP) showed that the SCPs molecules represent a mixed-type. The SCPs were adsorbed on a SS304 surface physically, and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to govern the adsorption process. The determination of thermodynamic parameters was carried out at various temperatures. Quantum chemical calculations were calculated to prove the adsorption process of SCP components, using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electron density map. The inhibition performance of SCPs for SS304 dissolution in an acidic medium was proved to be excellent through FT-IR and AFM analysis. The results obtained from all measurements exhibit a high level of agreement with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +2 050 2202264 +2 050 2365730
| | - S E H Etaiw
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - A M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - A A El-Hossiany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +2 050 2202264 +2 050 2365730
- Delta for Fertilizers and Chemical Industries Talkha Egypt
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Ibrahim AM, Roshdy M, Latif N, Sarathchandra P, Hosny M, Haikal S, Desouky A, Elsawy A, Elmozy W, Elaithy A, Khedr H, Afifi A, Aguib Y, Yacoub M. Structural, molecular and functional characterization of the aorta in HCM. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Changes in the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is thought to involve the myocardium as well as extracardiac tissues. The extent and significance of extra-myocardial changes has not been adequately studied.
Purpose
To describe the structural, molecular, and functional changes in the aorta of HOCM patients.
Methods
The structural and molecular changes in the aortic wall were studied in a cohort of 102 consecutive patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy undergoing myectomy. The biopsies were examined histologically, immunohistochemically and by Electron microscopy. The findings were compared to 10 normal controls obtained from the homograft bank of the Harefield hospital, following IRB guidelines. Changes in expression were quantified using morphometry and western blotting. For aortic stiffness, pulse wave velocity [PWV] was measured using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR), in the 102 HCM patients as well as age-matched 166 normal controls.
Results
Specimens from HCM aortas showed a misalignment in collagen and elastin fibres. There was a significant reduction in smooth muscle cells [SMCs] markers; integrin beta1 and smooth muscle actin, and an increase in an apoptosis marker, Caspase3. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the number of lamellae and an increase in the interlamellar distance in HCM aortas. FBLNs 1, 2 and 5 showed a reduction in expression in tunica intima and tunica media of HCM biopsies. PWV was significantly higher in HCM patients compared to healthy controls with the highest levels in patients with LV fibrosis.
Conclusion
This study illustrates the link between functional abnormalities in the aorta of HCM patients with structural and molecular changes. These findings can have a potential value in risk stratification and identify new therapeutic targets in HCM.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): STDF-EgyptMagdi Yacoub Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Roshdy
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | - N Latif
- Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | | | - M Hosny
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | - S Haikal
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | | | - A Elsawy
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | - W Elmozy
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | | | - H Khedr
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | - A Afifi
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | - Y Aguib
- Aswan Heart Centre , Aswan , Egypt
| | - M Yacoub
- Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
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Camus AC, Ibrahiem MM, Alhizab FA, Aboellail TA, Ibrahim AM. Poorly differentiated soft tissue sarcoma in an Arabian carpet shark Chiloscyllium arabicum (Gubanov): A case report. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:181-185. [PMID: 28707703 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M M Ibrahiem
- Fisheries Welfare Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Alhizab
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - T A Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A M Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Ibrahim AM. Differential Responding to Positive and Negative Items: The Case of a Negative Item in a Questionnaire for Course and Faculty Evaluation. Psychol Rep 2016; 88:497-500. [PMID: 11351897 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous factor-analytic studies of self-rating scales have yielded a factor on which negatively worded items loaded separately. The present study investigated the existence for such a factor in a questionnaire for course and teacher evaluation which included one negative item. The questionnaire was administered in 1,095 university classes Two factors emerged, an exclusively positive-item factor and another factor on which the single negative item and one positive item loaded It was suggested that both items of Factor 2 were ambiguous and may identify tendencies such as acquiescence, random responding, and response sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ibrahim
- College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ibrahim
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N R Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ahmed AA, Sabban MS, Ibrahim AM, Amin A, Khafagi AR, Sheble A. Some properties of Newcastle disease virus isolates recovered from migratory birds to Egypt. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 27:313-9. [PMID: 7424293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mansour GM, El-Lamie IK, El-Sayed HM, Ibrahim AM, Laban M, Abou-Louz SK, Abd Allah MY, El-Mahallawi MN, El-Lamie KI, Gad-Allah M. Adnexal mass vascularity assessed by 3-dimensional power Doppler: does it add to the risk of malignancy index in prediction of ovarian malignancy?: four hundred-case study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:867-72. [PMID: 19574775 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181a8335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) is used for the prediction of ovarian malignancy. It includes menopausal status, carbohydrate antigen 125 serum levels, and ultrasound criteria. Three-dimensional power Doppler (3-DPD) is a reproducible investigation for assessment of tumor vascularity, classifying vascularity to avascular, parallel, and chaotic patterns. In this study; 3-DPD was added to RMI for prediction of malignancy in 400 cases of ovarian masses. Sensitivity of RMI for prediction of malignancy was 88%, with a cutoff value of 202.5 at 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity of 3-DPD for prediction of malignancy was 75%, adding 3-DPD to RMI increased its sensitivity to 99%. Considering the pilot nature of the study, further studies are needed to corroborate such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Mansour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mansour GM, El-Lamie IKI, El Sayed HM, Ibrahim AM. Preoperative breast ultrasound and Doppler velocimetric findings in patients with breast cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2006; 27:165-7. [PMID: 16620062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of ultrasound and Doppler velocimetry in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS Thirty breast cancer patients, diagnosed by clinical examination, mammography and fine needle aspiration, or trucut biopsy were assessed by breast ultrasound including Doppler velocimetry to evaluate blood flow in the axillary and lateral thoracic arteries. Postoperative histopathological examination proved malignancy in all cases. This cohort was compared to another group of 30 patients with proven benign breast disease and a cross-matched control group of 30 asymptomatic women with no breast disease. RESULTS In the 30 cancer patients, the size of masses ranged from 1-4 cm (2.51 +/- 1.13), the mean axillary artery resistance index (RI) ranged from 0.8-0.88 (0.84 +/- 0.03), and the lateral thoracic artery RI ranged from 0.45-0.59 (0.55 +/- 0.106). However, power Doppler did not detect any increased perfusion. In the benign group, the lateral thoracic artery RI ranged from 0.78-0.86 (0.85 +/- 0.8) and the axillary artery RI ranged from 0.81-0.89 (0.81 +/- 0.05), while in the control group, the mean lateral thoracic artery RI ranged from 0.85 to 0.89 (0.87 +/- 0.082), and the axillary artery RI ranged from 0.84-0.9 (0.88 +/- 0.16). Statistical analysis revealed only a high statistical significance (p < 0.01) for the lateral thoracic artery indices between the malignant group as compared to the benign and normal groups. There was no statistical significant difference in the axillary artery RI between the three groups. CONCLUSION It is suggested that a marked decrease in the lateral thoracic artery RI with a cut-off value less than 0.6 is highly suggestive of malignancy. Taking the pilot nature of the results, further studies with much larger numbers are needed to corroborate such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Mansour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elmahdi IE, Ali QM, Magzoub MMA, Ibrahim AM, Saad MB, Romig T. Cystic echinococcosis of livestock and humans in central Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2004; 98:473-9. [PMID: 15257797 DOI: 10.1179/000349804225003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
New information was collected on cystic echinococcosis in livestock (camels, cattle and sheep) and humans in the central region of Sudan. The livestock data were collected in abattoir-based surveys in the towns of Omdurman, Tamboul and Wad Madani, between 1998 and 2001, and covered a total of 8205 animals. The highest prevalence of infection was found in the camels (44.6% of 242 infected), followed by the sheep (6.9% of 5595) and cattle (3.0% of 2368). Records were made of the sizes of the 1320 hydatid cysts detected in the livestock (907 in sheep, 71 in cattle, and 342 in camels), whether or not each cyst was fertile, and where it occurred in the body of the host. Cysts collected from cattle and camels where much more likely to be fertile (22% and 24%, respectively) than those from sheep (1%). Camels and cattle therefore appear to be the principal intermediate hosts for Echinococcus granulosus in central Sudan, whereas sheep apparently play a marginal role in transmission. In 2002, as a preliminary assessment of the public-health impact of the disease, 300 residents of a rural village 60 km west of Wad Madani were surveyed using a portable ultrasound scanner. Only one (0.33%) of the villagers investigated was found infected. The implications of these finding are discussed in terms of the various strains of E. granulosus and the role of each in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Elmahdi
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Gezira, P. O. Box 20, Gezira, Sudan
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Elkheir HK, Elkarim EF, Eltayeb IB, Elkadaru AE, Babiker HA, Ibrahim AM. Efficacy of Sulphadoxine and Pyrimethamine, Doxycycline and their combination in the treatment of chloroquine resistant Falciparum Malaria. Saudi Med J 2001; 22:690-3. [PMID: 11573114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present in vivo study evaluates the efficacy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine, doxycycline and their combination in the treatment of Sudanese patients infected by chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria. METHODS Febrile patients with positive blood smears of Plasmodium falciparum were given chloroquine 25mg-base/kg body weight and followed up for 3 days. Patients with recrudescence due to chloroquine resistance were readmitted for test treatment. Using simple number randomization patients were divided into groups, A, B and C. These were treated with doxycycline, sulphadoxine/ pyrimethamine and a combination therapy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine plus doxycycline. Doxycycline was initially administered as a single dose of 200mg followed by 100mg daily for 6 days whereas sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine was given as a single dose of sulphadoxine 1500mg and pyrimethamine 75mg. Patients of group C received the combination therapy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and doxycycline. Clinical observations and examination of blood films were carried out for each patient daily for 6 days and thereafter weekly for 4 weeks. RESULTS A high level of chloroquine resistance (75%) was documented amongst 280 patients (age 15-53 years) visiting Omdurman Hospital of Endemic Diseases during 1996-1998. The study demonstrated that only 46% and 78% of the patients were cured after 4 days of treatment by doxycycline and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine. Patients treated with sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in combination with doxycycline had a cure rate of 90% and 100% after 3-4 days of treatment, a single recrudescent case was detected on day 6. No relapses occurred during the follow up period. All patients were successfully treated by all regimens with the exception of one case treated by doxycycline. All treatments were well tolerated but a few cases had complaints of nausea. CONCLUSION The combination therapy of doxycycline/sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine appeared to be significantly effective in the treatment of patients with chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria without causing any serious side effects. Such a combination regimen has the advantages of being available at a reasonable cost and less prone to development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Elkheir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Botros SS, Makary EA, Ahmed KM, Ibrahim AM, Nashed NN, El-Nahal HM, Doughty BL, Hassanein HI. Effect of combined praziquantel and recombinant glutathione S-transferase on resistance to reinfection in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Int J Immunopharmacol 2000; 22:979-88. [PMID: 11090706 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni-26 Glutathione S-transferase (rSm 26 GST) or soluble egg antigen (SEA) alone and in addition to praziquantel (PZQ) on the state of resistance to S. mansoni reinfection. The associated changes in the immune responses were evaluated. The experimental group of mice were injected intravenously before S. mansoni infection (80 cercariae/mouse) either with rSm26 GST (1 microgx4) or SEA (10 microgx4) in addition to PZQ (2x500 mg/kg) administered 6 weeks post-infection. Seven control groups were used, three of them were the infected (80 cercariae/mouse), the challenged (240 cercariae/mouse) and the infected challenged controls (80+240 cercariae/mouse). The rest of the four groups were the treated controls receiving: the GST-Lyzate, rSmGST, SEA and PZQ in the same doses and at the same timings. Challenge infection was conducted for all the groups 8 weeks post-infection. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks post-challenge. After sacrifice animals were perfused and percentage resistance to reinfection was calculated. Immune responses were assessed by the measurement of hepatic granuloma diameter, intralesional T-cell phenotypes and serum immunoglobulin isotypes. The highest percentage of resistance to reinfection was observed in rGST-treated group while the lowest percentage of resistance was detected in PZQ-treated group. Whereas in mice receiving combined rGST or SEA and PZQ, percentage resistance to reinfection was significantly higher than that in PZQ treated mice. The remarkable reduction in granuloma diameter in rGST-treated group with or without PZQ was associated with decrease in the intralesional L(3)T(4)(+) and increase in Lyt(2)(+) T-cell phenotypes. However, no special relationship was observed between the percentage of resistance and the changes in granuloma diameter or intralesional T-cell phenotypes. The increase in percentage resistance to reinfection was found accompanied by increased anti SWAP IgE. Combined rGST and PZQ provided the complementary goals of improved state of resistance to reinfection 'which was compromized after cure with PZQ' and the maximal reduction in granuloma diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Botros
- Pharmacology, Parasitology and Immunology Departments, Theodor Bilharz Institute, P.O. Box 30, Imbaba, 12411, Guiza, Egypt
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Ampil FL, Heldmann M, Ibrahim AM, Balfour EL. Involvement of the cavernous sinus by malignant (extracranial) tumour: palliation in six cases without surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2000; 28:161-4. [PMID: 10964552 DOI: 10.1054/jcms.2000.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the cavernous sinus region due to haematogenous spread or by local extension of a malignant head and neck tumour does not occur frequently. Six patients were treated by external beam radiation with (n=3) or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy between December 1989 and February 1996. Manifestations of the condition mainly consisted of fifth and sixth cranial nerve deficits (n=4). Complete resolution of cranial nerve deficits after therapy occurred in two of the four patients with only three individuals having been evaluable. Three of the six patients survived for more than 3 years. Thus, palliation can be achieved by chemoradiation or radiotherapy alone, and long term survival is not precluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Ampil
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center Shreveport, 71130, USA
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Ibrahim AM, Elhag ER, Mustafa SE. Ketotifen in treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Saudi Med J 2000; 21:257-65. [PMID: 11533794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present in vivo study evaluates the potential use of ketotifen, a tricyclic antihistaminic drug, in treatment of Sudanese patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (19-38 years). METHODS Four groups of patients (each has 15) were randomly selected and treated by chloroquine (25mg/kg wt) in comparison with regimen combinations of ketotifen (0.13 mg/kg body wt) with chloroquine, ketotifen with Fansidar (33.3mg/kg body wt) and ketotifen with both chloroquine and Fansidar. RESULTS Prior to treatment all patients had a parasite density that varied from 1 x 10(3)-3.46 x 10(4)/mL blood. On day 2, the highest level of parasitaemia was recorded in patients treated with chloroquine only. Other patients had a significantly lower parasitaemia (P<0.05) with an average range of 111-243 parasites/300 leucocytes. On day 3 no parasites were detected in groups treated by ketotifen and Fansidar or by ketotifen in combination with Fansidar and chloroquine. The mean time of parasite clearance was minimum (<32 h) amongst patients that had chloroquine administered with ketotifen alone or with both Fansidar and ketotifen. The cumulative percentage of cases with recrudescence was >39% in groups that had the chloroquine regimen alone or the combination of chloroquine with ketotifen. A single case of recrudescence was also diagnosed on day 28 in the group treated with ketotifen plus fansidar but no recrudescence occurred in the group treated with the combination of the three drugs. CONCLUSION This study indicates the possible role of ketotifen in treatment for falciparum malaria particularly when administered in combination with chloroquine and fansidar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan. adilmahgoub@ hotmail.com
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el-Nahal HM, Kaddah MA, Hassan SI, Abdel Ghany A, Ibrahim AM, Ramzy RM, Mostafa EA. Effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on offsprings born from infected mothers. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1998; 28:523-38. [PMID: 9707681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Offsprings C57BL/6 mice (4 weeks old) coming from either moderately infected (40 S. mansoni cercariae) or heavily infected (100 S. mansoni cerariae) mothers, were exposed to 40 S. mansoni cercariae each. Seven weeks post infection (P.I.), Offsprings were sacrificed. In both groups there was significant reduction in the worm load, both hepatic and intestinal tissue egg count. The oogram profile was not altered. Humoral immune response as regards the level of anti S. mansoni SEA Ab was elevated in both groups in comparison to their parallel controls at 2 weeks post delivery and 7 weeks P.I. The level of antibodies was significantly higher in heavily infected Offsprings than that present in offsprings coming from moderately infected mothers. Delayed footpad swelling and hepatic granuloma size were significantly reduced in both groups comparing with their corresponding controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M el-Nahal
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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el-Nahal HM, Hassan SI, Kaddah MA, Ghany AA, Mostafa EA, Ibrahim AM, Ramzy RM. Mutual effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and pregnancy in experimental C57 BL/6 black mice. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1998; 28:277-92. [PMID: 9617065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixty female C57BL/6 mice were infected with 40 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae each. Seven weeks later, they were mated with normal syngeneic males. Uninfected mice (30) were bred in parallel, and both groups were bred several more times with daily records of pregnancy, delivery and number of offsprings. The number of pregnancy was 146, with 50 survived infants (34.2%) in contrast to 121 pregnancy with 93 survived infants (76.8%) in controls. The outcome of pregnancy was 13% abortion, 10.9% maternal death and 41.7% infanticide. The weight of offspring at 2 and 4 weeks of age was significantly less than in controls (P < 0.01). Again, C57BL/6 (40) female mice were mated, then infected with 100 S. mansoni cercariae each. The results showed that, pregnancy had no effect on bilharzial infection as the total worm burden and distribution, hepatic and intestinal tissue egg count and the oogram profile, were not significantly differ from that in the control group (20). Besides, the immediate footpad swelling was significantly higher but the delayed footpad swelling and the level of antibodies against S. mansoni soluble egg antigen were insignificantly differ from that present in the parallel control (infected but not pregnant). As regards histopathological parameters, although there was insignificant difference in the size of hepatic granuloma, yet there was more collagenous fibrous tissue deposition distributed in-between inflammatory cells specially at the periphery of the granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M el-Nahal
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Ibrahim AM, Fadlalla MA, Silvey R, Nayel MN, Abdelghafar AE. Aflatoxicosis as a possible predisposing factor for haemorrhagic enterotoxaemia in wild gazelles. Vet Rec 1998; 142:222-3. [PMID: 9533297 DOI: 10.1136/vr.142.9.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Determination of the cellular distribution of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein in rat lung by immunocytochemistry revealed that the protein is more readily observed in the nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells (Clara cells) than in other lung cells. By light microscopy, the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PtdIns-TP) was localized to the dome-shaped apical region of Clara cells that were identified by staining with an antibody to Clara cell protein. Further investigation by electron microscopy revealed that the PtdIns-TP accumulated at the limiting membrane surrounding secretory granules and at the apical plasma membrane. This localization is compatible with the proposed roles for PtdIns-TP in formation of vesicles and exocytosis of secretory granules and, when considered in the context of the proposed role of PtdIns-TP in phosphatidylinositide metabolism, suggests that phosphatidylinositides may be involved in the mechanisms regulating Clara cell secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688, USA
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19
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A/Rahman SH, Mohamedani AA, Mirgani EM, Ibrahim AM. Gender aspects and women's participation in the control and management of malaria in central Sudan. Soc Sci Med 1996; 42:1433-46. [PMID: 8735900 DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to study the contribution of women in central Sudan in the control and management of malaria with particular emphasis on gender-related aspects that define women's role and participation. The Blue Nile Health Project (BNHP 1980-1990) was launched in 1980 mainly for control of water associated diseases in central Sudan. The BNHP model was chosen to conduct this work. The study showed that women were actively involved in the implementation of the BNHP strategies as health instructors (murshidat) who constituted 75% of the staff of BNHP unit of health education, as members of village health committees (VHC) where they constituted 40% of the VHC members and also as recipients of the project services. All murshidat were interviewed whereas multistage random sampling for VHC members and recipient women in 40 villages was used to select a sample which was interviewed. The results showed that the murshidat and VHC women members played a major role in the motivation, organization and health education of local communities prior to campaigns of environmental sanitation and vector control. Household commitments and difficulties in communication with the public were the main gender-related factors that contributed negatively to women's activities. Cases of malaria have more considerable socio-economic impact than other common diseases, especially with regard to women's household commitments and work. Recipient women were more concerned with aspects of self protection, management of family cases of malaria and health education programmes. They were less involved in drying mosquito breeding sites and spraying activities of insecticides which had been reluctantly accepted because of allergy and bad odour. Although the majority of women considered antimalarials to be less harmful than effects of malaria itself on pregnancy, they did not realize the role of malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy. This needs more health education. The study showed that the BNHP programme was very successful in recruiting women in control and management programmes. Therefore, health planners are urged to persuade the subordinated communities of women in many African countries like Sudan to play a more active role in the health programmes and welfare of their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H A/Rahman
- University of Gezira, Faculty of Medicine, Medani, Sudan
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20
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Abstract
The karotypes of the two amphistomes Calicophoron microbothrium Fischoeder, 1901 and Carmyerius gregarius (Looss, 1896), Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 from Egyptian ruminants were studied using the air drying technique. The two species have similar number of chromosomes (n = 9), but differ in chromosome morphology. All the chromosomes of C. microbothrium are subtelocentric, except the first and the fifth are metacentric, whereas the chromosomes of C. gregarius are submetacentric, subtelocentric and acrocentric. Some cells in the two species showed tetraploidy. The results are discussed in terms of the phylogenetic relationship of different amphistomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ashour
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Abstract
Thirty-five extracts representing different seasonal growths of 17 marine algal species collected from the Alexandria coast were tested for anti-tumorigenic activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens galls on potato discs. Eleven extracts (nine species) displayed > 20% inhibition of tumor initiation, with three of these (Codium tomentosum, winter; Jania rubens, summer; Padina pavonia, winter) displaying relatively high activity. Bacterial viability tests showed that the inhibitory effects were directly due to anti-tumorigenesis rather than an indirect result of anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H el-Masry
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Nawwar GA, Swellem RH, Ibrahim AM. Oxazole, pyrazole and piperidine derivatives having an o-hydroxyaryl moiety with anticipated molluscicidal activity. Arch Pharm Res 1994; 17:66-70. [PMID: 10319133 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The condensation reactions of hippuric acid and its furyl derivative with salicylaldehydes or that of salicylhippuric acid analogues with furaldehyde led to the corresponding oxazoles. These were subsequently treated with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine or subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to yield new o-hydroxyaryl or salicyl containing derivatives. 5-Substituted salicylanilides were treated with piperidine and formaldehyde in a Mannich type reaction affording the corresponding 3-(N-piperidinomethyl) salicylanilides. It was noticed that the presence of an electron donating group in position 3 in the salicylanilide moiety decreases the molluscicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Nawwar
- Pesticides Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, Gairo, Egypt
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23
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Abstract
The study reports on chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum among Sudanese children (6 month to 16 years) living at Wad Medani, Central Sudan. All RI-III levels of resistant response were confirmed, while in vitro sensitivity test indicated that 25 per cent of P. falciparum isolates examined had exhibited maturation of schizonts at CQ level greater than or equal to 1.6 pmol/microliters blood. CQ was sufficiently retained for 7 days after drug administration whereas an average peak level of CQ in blood (348 ng/ml) was recorded on day 1. Patients were successfully treated by an age-measured dose of parenteral quinine (10 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Gezira, Khartoum, Sudan
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Ibrahim WL, Furu P, Ibrahim AM, Christensen NO. Effect of the organophosphorous insecticide, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), on growth, fecundity and mortality of Biomphalaria alexandrina and on the production of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in the snail. J Helminthol 1992; 66:79-88. [PMID: 1379273 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00012633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of Biomphalaria alexandrina to sublethal concentrations (0.125, 0.25 and 0.05 ppm) of the organophosphorous insecticide, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), induced a reduction in egg production and egg hatchability. Exposure of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia to the insecticide (60 min, 0.50 ppm) prior to infection of B. alexandrina did not affect the subsequent production of cercariae. However, exposure of S. mansoni-infected snails to the insecticide until day 55, from day 20 to day 62 and from day 35 to 62 following infection resulted in blockage of cercarial shedding. Cercarial shedding commenced in some snails when the treatment stopped. Exposure to the insecticide in concentrations of 0.125 and 0.25 ppm during the first 20 days following infection did not affect the subsequent production of cercariae, but exposure to 0.5 ppm during the first 20 days affected markedly the production of cercariae due to a high snail mortality. The findings indicate that the cercaria is the target stage for the activity of chlorpyrifos on the intramolluscan larval development. It is suggested that S. mansoni cercarial production in B. alexandrina may be a useful system for monitoring the effect of low concentrations of pesticides on the aquatic environment, and that the ability by chemical means to interrupt the cercarial production might be a useful tool in further analyses of important aspects of the snail/parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ibrahim EM, Uwaydah A, al-Mulhim FA, Ibrahim AM, el-Hassan AY. Tuberculosis in patients with malignant disease. Indian J Cancer 1989; 26:53-7. [PMID: 2591998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Of 2,143 biopsy proven cancer patients seen at our hospital over a six year period, 4 (0.19%) patients developed active tuberculosis (TB) during anticancer therapy or shortly after its completion. The cancer diagnoses of those patients were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and astrocytoma. Institution of antituberculous therapy was successful in three patients, however, the TB course was rapidly fatal in the fourth patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma despite therapy. The association between TB and neoplasia is emphasized. TB complicating malignant disorders represents complex problem regarding its early recognition and its managements.
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El-Hawy AM, Abdel-Halim K, Ibrahim AM, Taleb SA, Motawi EM, Nassar OA. Secretory IgA in some entero-parasitic infections. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1983; 13:199-207. [PMID: 6631098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Ibrahim AM. Intestinal protozoal and helminthic infections in a university community. East Afr Med J 1983; 60:64-67. [PMID: 6628291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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30
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Ali KE, Abu-Samra MT, Ibrahim AM. Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in the domestic donkey (Equus asinus asinus). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1981; 75:623-6. [PMID: 7325738 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1981.11687493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Ibrahim AM. Evaluation of oxamniquine in the treatment of S. mansoni infection among Sudanese patients. East Afr Med J 1980; 57:566-73. [PMID: 7408738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Ghandour AM, Ibrahim AM. A study of the relationship between the energy contents of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and their death during penetration of mammalian host skin. J Helminthol 1978; 52:339-42. [PMID: 752056 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immersion of Biomphalaria pfeifferi in 1.5% glucose solution showed that the snails did not absorb any glucose during the first six hours but that almost 30% of the glucose was absorbed after 24 hours. The glycogen content of such "glucose-fed" snails was much higher than that of control normal snails. Cercariae of S. mansoni collected from the former snails exhibited a much lower level of death (20%), during penetration of mouse skin, than that of control normal cercariae (36%). It is suggested that death of S. mansoni cercariae during penetration of mammalian host skin is probably due to exhaustion of their energy reserves.
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Ibrahim AM, el-Hawary MF, Sakr R. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Egypt immunological changes of salivary protein in PCM. Z Ernahrungswiss 1978; 17:145-52. [PMID: 99889 DOI: 10.1007/bf02020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whole saliva protein as well as the separated protein components were estimated in normal and malnourished Egyptian infants and young children. In normal, 8 protein components (Albumin, alpha1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, beta2-lipoprotein, transferrin, IgA, IgM and IgG) were detected, while in PCM cases two more components (prealbumin and alpha2-macroglobulin) were found. The results also showed that the level of salivary protein components are markedly increased in edematous cases. In non-edeomatous ones, the level of these constituents are slightly increased in 3rd marasmus, but diminished in 2nd grade. It is concluded that the elevation of protein components in saliva of edematous cases could be a result of severe glandular tissue involvement as compared to controls and non-edematous cases. The value of IgA immunoglobulin as specific antibody originated from blood plasma and/or salivary glands may be used to reflect the extent of tissue affection in salivary glands of malnourished cases.
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El-Hawary MF, Ibrahim AM, Eisa AM, Sakr R, Abdel-Khalek MK, El-Basousy MM, Khashaba AA. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum and urinary enzymes in nephropathies among Egyptian children. Gaz Egypt Paediatr Assoc 1976; 24:163-7. [PMID: 801624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of serum and urinary enzyme pattern in nephropathies revealed that before treatment, cases of both acute nephritis and nephrotic syndrome were found to have an increased activity of the three enzymes studied in both serum and urine (Alkaline and acid phosphatases and Lactic dehydrogenase). However, there was no constant correlation between the level of serum and urinary enzyme activities. Distorted pattern of the enzymes has a more protracted course in nephrotics. After treatment, serum and urinary enzymes tended to normalise in cases of acute glomerulonephritis. However, urinary alkaline phosphatase remained high nephrotics after clinical remission. In some cases of acute nephritis, a persistently high level of serum enzyme may indicate an incipient nephrotic element. Nephrotics not responding to the four weeks course of corticosteroid therapy have persistently high serum and urinary enzyme activities. Thus, estimation of serum and urinary enzyme pattern in nephropathies may be of diagnostic and prognostic value.
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Ibrahim AM, Shalaby MA, Omar AH. Demonstration of the capillary vascular pattern in normal and bilharzial urinary bladders using the alkaline phosphatase technique. East Afr Med J 1975; 52:26-34. [PMID: 49265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Abstract
AbstractAllocreadium sudanensissp. nov. is described from a cyprinid fish (Barbus bynni) from the White Nile in the Sudan. The new species is compared with other related species ofAllocreadium.A key for identification of five African species of the genusAllocreadiumis given.The present material was collected by the senior author in January, 1969 from the intestine of a cyprinid fish,Barbus bynni(Forskal), caught from the White Nile at Rabag near Kosti (about 200 miles to the south of Khartoum) in the Sudan. Eighteen trematodes, collected from a single infected fish, were fixed in hot 70% alcohol. Examination of these specimens in whole mounts stained in aceto-alum carmine and in sectioned material revealed that they belong to a hitherto unknown species of trematodes belonging to the genusAllocreadium, Looss (1900) which is described here asAllocreadium sudanensissp.
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Said A, el-Hawary FS, Sakr R, Abdel Khalek MK, Ibrahim AM. Protein-calorie malnutrition in Egypt. I. Immunoelectrophoretic studies on urinary proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 1973; 26:1355-9. [PMID: 4202250 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/26.12.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Eckert T, Ibrahim AM, Funcke HJ. [On the question of hold back effects of membrane filters of the cellulose-ester type]. Pharm Acta Helv 1973; 48:628-38. [PMID: 4783903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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Kamel HB, el-Hawary MF, el-Zawahry K, Abdin MA, Ibrahim AM. Immunoelectrophoretic studies in rheumatic fever. Gaz Egypt Paediatr Assoc 1973; 21:5-10. [PMID: 4618213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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40
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Shokeir AA, Ibrahim AM, Hamid MY, Shalaby MA, Hussein HE, Badr M. Urinary bilharziasis in upper Egypt. II. A bacteriological study. East Afr Med J 1972; 49:312-26. [PMID: 5053321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Shokeir AA, Ibrahim AM, Hamid MY, Shalaby MA, Hussein HE, Badr M. Urinary bilharziasis in upper Egypt. I. A clinicopathological study. East Afr Med J 1972; 49:298-311. [PMID: 5053320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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