1
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Brosel-Oliu S, Rius G, Aviñó A, Nakatsuka N, Illa X, Del Corro E, Delgà-Fernández M, Masvidal-Codina E, Rodríguez N, Merino JP, Criado A, Prato M, Tkatchenko R, Eritja R, Godignon P, Garrido JA, Villa R, Guimerà A, Prats-Alfonso E. Single-Step Functionalization Strategy of Graphene Microtransistor Array with Chemically Modified Aptamers for Biosensing Applications. Small 2024; 20:e2308857. [PMID: 38072781 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFETs) offer high potential for chemical and biochemical sensing applications. Among the current trends to improve this technology, the functionalization processes are gaining relevance for its crucial impact on biosensing performance. Previous efforts are focused on simplifying the attachment procedure from standard multi-step to single-step strategies, but they still suffer from overreaction, and impurity issues and are limited to a particular ligand. Herein, a novel strategy for single-step immobilization of chemically modified aptamers with fluorenylmethyl and acridine moieties, based on a straightforward synthetic route to overcome the aforementioned limitations is presented. This approach is benchmarked versus a standard multi-step strategy using thrombin as detection model. In order to assess the reliability of the functionalization strategies 48-gSGFETs arrays are employed to acquire large datasets with multiple replicas. Graphene surface characterization demonstrates robust and higher efficiency in the chemical coupling of the aptamers with the single-step strategy, while the electrical response evaluation validates the sensing capability, allowing to implement different alternatives for data analysis and reduce the sensing variability. In this work, a new tool capable of overcome the functionalization challenges of graphene surfaces is provided, paving the way toward the standardization of gSGFETs for biosensing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Brosel-Oliu
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Rius
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Xavi Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Elena Del Corro
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Delgà-Fernández
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Masvidal-Codina
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Merino
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 3412 7, Italy
| | - Raphaela Tkatchenko
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Philippe Godignon
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - José Antonio Garrido
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anton Guimerà
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Elisabet Prats-Alfonso
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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2
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Pérez-Ferreiro M, M. Abelairas A, Criado A, Gómez IJ, Mosquera J. Dendrimers: Exploring Their Wide Structural Variety and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4369. [PMID: 38006093 PMCID: PMC10674315 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers constitute a distinctive category of synthetic materials that bear resemblance to proteins in various aspects, such as discrete structural organization, globular morphology, and nanoscale dimensions. Remarkably, these attributes coexist with the capacity for facile large-scale production. Due to these advantages, the realm of dendrimers has undergone substantial advancement since their inception in the 1980s. Numerous reviews have been dedicated to elucidating this subject comprehensively, delving into the properties and applications of quintessential dendrimer varieties like PAMAM, PPI, and others. Nevertheless, the contemporary landscape of dendrimers transcends these early paradigms, witnessing the emergence of a diverse array of novel dendritic architectures in recent years. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive panorama of the expansive domain of dendrimers. As such, our focus lies in discussing the key attributes and applications of the predominant types of dendrimers existing today. We will commence with the conventional variants and progressively delve into the more pioneering ones, including Janus, supramolecular, shape-persistent, and rotaxane dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I. Jénnifer Gómez
- CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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3
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Van Gordon K, Baúlde S, Mychinko M, Heyvaert W, Obelleiro-Liz M, Criado A, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM, Mosquera J. Tuning the Growth of Chiral Gold Nanoparticles Through Rational Design of a Chiral Molecular Inducer. Nano Lett 2023; 23:9880-9886. [PMID: 37877612 PMCID: PMC10636791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up production of chiral gold nanomaterials holds great potential for the advancement of biosensing and nano-optics, among other applications. Reproducible preparations of colloidal nanomaterials with chiral morphology have been reported, using cosurfactants or chiral inducers such as thiolated amino acids. However, the underlying growth mechanisms for these nanomaterials remain insufficiently understood. We introduce herein a purposely devised chiral inducer, a cysteine modified with a hydrophobic chain, as a versatile chiral inducer. The amphiphilic and chiral features of this molecule provide control over the chiral morphology and the chiroptical signature of the obtained nanoparticles by simply varying the concentration of chiral inducer. These results are supported by circular dichroism and electromagnetic modeling as well as electron tomography to analyze structural evolution at the facet scale. Our observations suggest complex roles for the factors involved in chiral synthesis: the chemical nature of the chiral inducers and the influence of cosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Van Gordon
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sandra Baúlde
- Universidade
da Coruña, CICA−Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mikhail Mychinko
- EMAT
and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University
of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Heyvaert
- EMAT
and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University
of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manuel Obelleiro-Liz
- EM3Works, Spin-off of the University of Vigo and the University
of Extremadura, PTL Valladares, 36315 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Universidade
da Coruña, CICA−Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT
and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University
of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical
Networking Research Center, Bioengineering,
Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade
de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- Universidade
da Coruña, CICA−Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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4
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Wetzl C, Brosel-Oliu S, Carini M, Di Silvio D, Illa X, Villa R, Guimera A, Prats-Alfonso E, Prato M, Criado A. Covalent functionalisation controlled by molecular design for the aptameric recognition of serotonin in graphene-based field-effect transistors. Nanoscale 2023; 15:16650-16657. [PMID: 37789811 PMCID: PMC10600654 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, solution-gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) showed their versatility in the development of a miniaturized multiplexed platform for electrophysiological recordings and sensing. Due to their working mechanism, the surface functionalisation and immobilisation of receptors are pivotal to ensure the proper functioning of devices. Herein, we present a controlled covalent functionalisation strategy based on molecular design and electrochemical triggering, which provide a monolayer-like functionalisation of micro-GFET arrays retaining the electronic properties of graphenes. The functionalisation layer as a receptor was then employed as the linker for serotonin aptamer conjugation. The micro-GFET arrays display sensitivity toward the target analyte in the micromolar range in a physiological buffer (PBS 10 mM). The sensor allows the in-flow real-time monitoring of serotonin transient concentrations with fast and reversible responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergi Brosel-Oliu
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Marco Carini
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Desiré Di Silvio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Xavi Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Anton Guimera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Elisabet Prats-Alfonso
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Universidade da Coruña, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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5
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Marchi M, Raciti E, Gali SM, Piccirilli F, Vondracek H, Actis A, Salvadori E, Rosso C, Criado A, D'Agostino C, Forster L, Lee D, Foucher AC, Rai RK, Beljonne D, Stach EA, Chiesa M, Lazzaroni R, Filippini G, Prato M, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P. Carbon Vacancies Steer the Activity in Dual Ni Carbon Nitride Photocatalysis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303781. [PMID: 37409444 PMCID: PMC10502671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of carbon nitride (CN) structures is one main avenue to enhance the activity of CN-based photocatalysts. Increasing the efficiency of photocatalytic heterogeneous materials is a critical step toward the realistic implementation of sustainable schemes for organic synthesis. However, limited knowledge of the structure/activity relationship in relation to subtle structural variations prevents a fully rational design of new photocatalytic materials, limiting practical applications. Here, the CN structure is engineered by means of a microwave treatment, and the structure of the material is shaped around its suitable functionality for Ni dual photocatalysis, with a resulting boosting of the reaction efficiency toward many CX (X = N, S, O) couplings. The combination of advanced characterization techniques and first-principle simulations reveals that this enhanced reactivity is due to the formation of carbon vacancies that evolve into triazole and imine N species able to suitably bind Ni complexes and harness highly efficient dual catalysis. The cost-effective microwave treatment proposed here appears as a versatile and sustainable approach to the design of CN-based photocatalysts for a wide range of industrially relevant organic synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marchi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport “Giacomo Ciamician”INSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
| | - Edoardo Raciti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsMaterials Research InstituteUniversity of Mons‐UMONSMons7000Belgium
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsMaterials Research InstituteUniversity of Mons‐UMONSMons7000Belgium
| | - Federica Piccirilli
- Elettra Sincrotrone TriesteStrada Statale 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park BasovizzaTrieste34149Italy
| | - Hendrik Vondracek
- Elettra Sincrotrone TriesteStrada Statale 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park BasovizzaTrieste34149Italy
| | - Arianna Actis
- Department of Chemistry and NIS CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 7Torino10125Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 7Torino10125Italy
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport “Giacomo Ciamician”INSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía–CICAUniversidade da CoruñaRúa As CarballeirasA Coruña15071Spain
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM)Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaVia Terracini, 28Bologna40131Italy
| | - Luke Forster
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Alexandre C. Foucher
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104‐6272USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar Rai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104‐6272USA
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsMaterials Research InstituteUniversity of Mons‐UMONSMons7000Belgium
| | - Eric A. Stach
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104‐6272USA
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 7Torino10125Italy
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsMaterials Research InstituteUniversity of Mons‐UMONSMons7000Belgium
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport “Giacomo Ciamician”INSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport “Giacomo Ciamician”INSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 194Donostia‐San Sebastián20014Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48013Spain
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport “Giacomo Ciamician”INSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport “Giacomo Ciamician”INSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
- ICCOM‐CNRUnit of Triestevia L. Giorgieri 1Trieste34127Italy
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6
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Calvo V, Álvarez Sánchez MÁ, Güemes L, Martínez-Barón C, Baúlde S, Criado A, González-Domínguez JM, Maser WK, Benito AM. Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Controlling the Crystalline Type by One-Pot Acid Hydrolysis. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:152-158. [PMID: 36638204 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have aroused increasing interest owing to their renewable origin and excellent properties derived from their size and morphology. Based on their chain orientation, CNCs can be prepared as two main allomorphs (I or II). However, achieving pure CNC allomorphs still requires enhanced control on the CNCs synthesis process and improved understanding of the involved reaction parameters. In this work, we study in detail a set of parameters for CNC synthesis using one-pot acid hydrolysis and evaluate their influence on the outcome with respect to yield, purity, and repeatability. We also demonstrate that a fast, nondestructive, and accurate methodology based on dynamic light scattering is an efficient alternative to the usual structural analysis of the synthesis outcome. Finally, we provide an improved protocol to reliably obtain each allomorph with mass yields of 25% for type I and 40% for type II. Emphasis is put on the reduction of the environmental impact and the overall preparation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calvo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Lucas Güemes
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Barón
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Baúlde
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), As Carballeiras s/n, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), As Carballeiras s/n, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang K Maser
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Benito
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Wetzl C, Silvestri A, Garrido M, Hou HL, Criado A, Prato M. The Covalent Functionalization of Surface-Supported Graphene: An Update. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212857. [PMID: 36279191 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the use of graphene supported on solid surfaces has broadened its scope and applications, and graphene has acquire a promising role as a major component of high-performance electronic devices. In this context, the chemical modification of graphene has become essential. In particular, covalent modification offers key benefits, including controllability, stability, and the facility to be integrated into manufacturing operations. In this Review, we critically comment on the latest advances in the covalent modification of supported graphene on substrates. We analyze the different chemical modifications with special attention to radical reactions. In this context, we review the latest achievements in reactivity control, tailoring electronic properties, and introducing active functionalities. Finally, we extended our analysis to other emerging 2D materials supported on surfaces, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxides, and elemental analogs of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hui-Lei Hou
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Silvestri A, Zayas-Arrabal J, Vera-Hidalgo M, Di Silvio D, Wetzl C, Martinez-Moro M, Zurutuza A, Torres E, Centeno A, Maestre A, Gómez JM, Arrastua M, Elicegui M, Ontoso N, Prato M, Coluzza I, Criado A. Ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by graphene field-effect transistors. Nanoscale 2023; 15:1076-1085. [PMID: 36546457 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated a global health crisis, causing over 2 million casualties and altering human daily life all over the world. This pandemic emergency revealed the limitations of current diagnostic tests, highlighting the urgency to develop faster, more precise and sensitive sensors. Graphene field effect transistors (GFET) are analytical platforms that enclose all these requirements. However, the design of a sensitive and robust GFET is not a straightforward objective. In this work, we report a GFET array biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the human membrane protein involved in the virus internalisation: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By finely controlling the graphene functionalisation, by tuning the Debye length, and by deeply characterising the ACE2-spike protein interactions, we have been able to detect the target protein with an extremely low limit of detection (2.94 aM). This work set the basis for a new class of analytical platforms, based on human membrane proteins, with the potential to detect a broad variety of pathogens, even before their isolation, being a powerful tool in the fight against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Julian Zayas-Arrabal
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Desire Di Silvio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Moro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Amaia Zurutuza
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elias Torres
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alba Centeno
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Maestre
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gómez
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Arrastua
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Elicegui
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nerea Ontoso
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 3412 7 Trieste, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ivan Coluzza
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Bld. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Universidade da Coruña, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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9
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Wetzl C, Silvestri A, Garrido M, Hou H, Criado A, Prato M. The Covalent Functionalization of Surface‐Supported Graphene ‐ An update. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wetzl
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales: CIC biomaGUNE Carbon Bionanotechnology Group SPAIN
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales: CIC biomaGUNE Carbon Bionanotechnology Group SPAIN
| | - Marina Garrido
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche ITALY
| | - Huilei Hou
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales: CIC biomaGUNE Carbon Bionanotechnology Group SPAIN
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Universidade da Coruna Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas ITALY
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Università di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste ITALY
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10
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Chau NDQ, Yan S, Mancino D, Pamulapati S, Williams S, Taylor LW, Dewey OS, Pasquali M, Prato M, Bianco A, Criado A. Electrochemical modification of carbon nanotube fibres. Nanoscale 2022; 14:9313-9322. [PMID: 35579037 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent modification of the surface of carbon nanotube fibres (CNTFs) through electrochemical reduction of para-substituted phenyldiazonium salts and electrochemical oxidation of an aliphatic diamine is described. Following these strategies, diverse surface functionalities have been introduced while preserving the fibre bulk properties. The corresponding modified CNTFs were fully characterised by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, exhibiting different surface properties from those of the unmodified CNTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ngoc Do Quyen Chau
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stephen Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Donato Mancino
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sushma Pamulapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Steven Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lauren W Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Oliver S Dewey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Rúa As Carballeiras, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
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11
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González-Domínguez JM, Grasa L, Frontiñán-Rubio J, Abás E, Domínguez-Alfaro A, Mesonero JE, Criado A, Ansón-Casaos A. Intrinsic and selective activity of functionalized carbon nanotube/nanocellulose platforms against colon cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112363. [PMID: 35123194 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given their large surface area and versatile chemical reactivity, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are regarded as the basis of new pharmacological complexes. In this study, SWCNTs are chemically functionalized with fluorescein, folic acid, and capecitabine, a drug that is commonly used against colorectal cancer. These functionalized SWCNTs are dispersed in water by taking advantage of their synergistic interaction with type-II nanocrystalline cellulose (II-NCC), and the resulting colloidal system is tested in vitro on both normal (differentiated) and cancerous (proliferative) human colon cells (Caco-2). The functionalized SWCNT/II-NCC hybrids show a higher activity than the reference (capecitabine) against the Caco-2 cancer cell line. However, this effect appears to be intrinsically associated with the SWCNT/II-NCC complex, particularly boosted by fluorescein, as the presence of capecitabine is not required. In addition, confocal microscopy fluorescence imaging using cell cultures highlights the enormous potential of this nanohybrid platform for colon cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 -, Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - J Frontiñán-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - E Abás
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - A Domínguez-Alfaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J E Mesonero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 -, Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Centro de Investigacións Científcas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A Ansón-Casaos
- Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Gentile G, Rosso C, Criado A, Gombac V, Filippini G, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P, Prato M. New insights into the exploitation of oxidized carbon nitrides as heterogeneous base catalysts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Zummo F, Esposito P, Hou H, Wetzl C, Rius G, Tkatchenko R, Guimera A, Godignon P, Prato M, Prats-Alfonso E, Criado A, Scaini D. Bidirectional Modulation of Neuronal Cells Electrical and Mechanical Properties Through Pristine and Functionalized Graphene Substrates. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:811348. [PMID: 35087375 PMCID: PMC8788235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.811348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the quest for surface modifications to promote neuronal cell interfacing and modulation has risen. This course is justified by the requirements of emerging technological and medical approaches attempting to effectively interact with central nervous system cells, as in the case of brain-machine interfaces or neuroprosthetic. In that regard, the remarkable cytocompatibility and ease of chemical functionalization characterizing surface-immobilized graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) make them increasingly appealing for these purposes. Here, we compared the (morpho)mechanical and functional adaptation of rat primary hippocampal neurons when interfaced with surfaces covered with pristine single-layer graphene (pSLG) and phenylacetic acid-functionalized single-layer graphene (fSLG). Our results confirmed the intrinsic ability of glass-supported single-layer graphene to boost neuronal activity highlighting, conversely, the downturn inducible by the surface insertion of phenylacetic acid moieties. fSLG-interfaced neurons showed a significant reduction in spontaneous postsynaptic currents (PSCs), coupled to reduced cell stiffness and altered focal adhesion organization compared to control samples. Overall, we have here demonstrated that graphene substrates, both pristine and functionalized, could be alternatively used to intrinsically promote or depress neuronal activity in primary hippocampal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zummo
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Esposito
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Huilei Hou
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gemma Rius
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raphaela Tkatchenko
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anton Guimera
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Godignon
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elisabet Prats-Alfonso
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elisabet Prats-Alfonso,
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Alejandro Criado,
| | - Denis Scaini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Denis Scaini,
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14
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Rebeccani S, Wetzl C, Zamolo VA, Criado A, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Prato M. Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay enhancement driven by carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9672-9675. [PMID: 34555139 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a leading analytical technique for clinical monitoring and early disease diagnosis. Carbon nanotubes are used as efficient nanomaterials for ECL signal enhancement providing new insights into the mechanism for the ECL generation but also affording application in bead-based immunoassay and ECL microscopy-based bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebeccani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Valeria Anna Zamolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Rúa As Carballeiras, A Coruña, 15071, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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15
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Backes C, Behera RK, Bianco A, Casiraghi C, Doan H, Criado A, Galembeck F, Goldie S, Gravagnuolo AM, Hou HL, Kamali AR, Kostarelos K, Kumar V, Lee WH, Martsinovich N, Palermo V, Palma M, Pang J, Prato M, Samori P, Silvestri A, Singh S, Strano M, Wetzl C. Biomedical applications: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:245-258. [PMID: 33877208 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd90003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Backes C, Behera RK, Bellamy-Carter A, Bianco A, Caps V, Casiraghi C, Chhowalla M, Criado A, Davies T, Ferrari AC, Fornasaro S, Galembeck F, Goldie S, Hersam MC, Kamali AR, Kolosov V, Kumar V, Lee WH, Martsinovich N, Melchionna M, Melucci M, Molle A, Morgan H, Neumann C, Nowack T, Oyarzun A, Palermo V, Papanai GS, Prato M, Shin Y, Sui R, Teixeira IF, Wang G, Xia Z. 3-Dimensional graphene-like structures and applications: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:359-382. [PMID: 33877209 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd90007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Rosso C, Filippini G, Criado A, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P, Prato M. Metal-Free Photocatalysis: Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial Connection toward Advanced Organic Synthesis. ACS Nano 2021; 15:3621-3630. [PMID: 33715354 PMCID: PMC8041367 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures are a frontier in materials chemistry as a result of their extraordinary properties. Metal-free 2D nanomaterials possess extra appeal due to their improved cost-effectiveness and lower toxicity with respect to many inorganic structures. The outstanding electronic characteristics of some metal-free 2D semiconductors have projected them into the world of organic synthesis, where they can function as high-performance photocatalysts to drive the sustainable synthesis of high-value organic molecules. Recent reports on this topic have inspired a stream of research and opened up a theme that we believe will become one of the most dominant trends in the forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rosso
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence
for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence
for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence
for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence
for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR
Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence
for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque
Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Since graphene was exfoliated in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have received great attention due to their physical and chemical properties associated with their nanosized thickness and the correlated quantum size effect. 2D planes allow the confinement of charge carriers, heat, and photons, leading to the remarkable electronic and optical properties of these materials. The Faraday Discussion"Chemistry of 2-dimensional materials: beyond graphene" has been an incredible showcase for a variety of highly interesting contributions in the field. This conference comprised a large number of aspects of the topic: from their synthesis and the study of their optical and physical properties to their numerous applications. These concluding remarks aim to capture the recent developments in 2D materials chemistry and physics that were presented and debated during this Faraday Discussion, and more generally in the research field in recent years. Particular attention will be paid to aspects like the synthesis of the materials, their toxicity and biodegradation, and some of their major applications in catalysis, as well as Li-ion batteries, water filtration and sensing. In addition we aim to highlight future challenges that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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19
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Er E, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Silvestri A, Arnaiz B, Liz-Marzán LM, Prato M, Criado A. Metal Nanoparticles/MoS 2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Sandwich Immunoassay for α-Fetoprotein Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:8823-8831. [PMID: 33583183 PMCID: PMC7908013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cancer biomarkers at an early stage of tumor development is vital for effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Current diagnostic tools can often detect cancer only when the biomarker levels are already too high, so that the tumors have spread and treatments are less effective. It is urgent therefore to develop highly sensitive assays for the detection of such biomarkers at the lowest possible concentration. In this context, we developed a sandwich immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the ultrasensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), which is typically present in human serum as a biomarker indicative of early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the immunoassay design, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) modified with a monoclonal antibody was used as a capture probe for AFP. A secondary antibody linked to an SERS-encoded nanoparticle was employed as the Raman signal reporter, that is, the transducer for AFP detection. The sandwich immunocomplex "capture probe/target/SERS tag" was deposited on a silicon wafer and decorated with silver-coated gold nanocubes to increase the density of "hot spots" on the surface of the immunosensor. The developed SERS immunosensor exhibits a wide linear detection range (1 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1) with a limit of detection as low as 0.03 pg mL-1 toward AFP with good reproducibility (RSD < 6%) and stability. These parameters demonstrate that the proposed immunosensor has the potential to be used as an analytical platform for the detection of early-stage cancer biomarkers in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Er
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Blanca Arnaiz
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, University of the
Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
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Hou HL, Cardo L, Mancino D, Arnaiz B, Criado A, Prato M. Electrochemically controlled cleavage of imine bonds on a graphene platform: towards new electro-responsive hybrids for drug release. Nanoscale 2020; 12:23824-23830. [PMID: 33237058 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04102e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials are particularly suitable platforms for the development of new systems able to release drugs upon the application of controlled electrochemical stimuli. Herein, we report a new electro-responsive graphene carrier functionalised with aldehydes (as drug models) through imine-based linkers. We explore a new type of drug loading/release combination based on the formation of a covalent bond and its cleavage upon electrolysis. The new graphene-drug model hybrid is stable under physiological conditions and displays a fast drug release upon the application of low voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lei Hou
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
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21
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Ferrara M, Bevilacqua M, Melchionna M, Criado A, Crosera M, Tavagnacco C, Vizza F, Fornasiero P. Exploration of cobalt@N-doped carbon nanocomposites toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrosynthesis: A two level investigation through the RRDE analysis and a polymer-based electrolyzer implementation. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Filippini G, Longobardo F, Forster L, Criado A, Di Carmine G, Nasi L, D'Agostino C, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P, Prato M. Light-driven, heterogeneous organocatalysts for C-C bond formation toward valuable perfluoroalkylated intermediates. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/46/eabc9923. [PMID: 33177092 PMCID: PMC7673726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc9923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The favorable exploitation of carbon nitride (CN) materials in photocatalysis for organic synthesis requires the appropriate fine-tuning of the CN structure. Here, we present a deep investigation of the structure/activity relationship of CN in the photocatalytic perfluoroalkylation of organic compounds. Four types of CN bearing subtle structural differences were studied via conventional characterization techniques and innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, correlating the different structures with the fundamental mechanistic nexus and especially highlighting the importance of the halogen bond strength between the reagent and the catalyst surface. The optimum catalyst exhibited an excellent performance, with a very wide reaction scope, and could prominently trigger the model reaction using natural sunlight. The work lays a platform for establishing a new approach in the development of heterogeneous photocatalysts for organic synthesis related to medical, agricultural, and material chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Longobardo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luke Forster
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alejandro Criado
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lucia Nasi
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- ICCOM-CNR Trieste Associate Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Omachi H, Inoue T, Hatao S, Shinohara H, Criado A, Yoshikawa H, Syrgiannis Z, Prato M. Concise, Single‐Step Synthesis of Sulfur‐Enriched Graphene: Immobilization of Molecular Clusters and Battery Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Inoue
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shuya Hatao
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group CICbiomaGUNE P° Miramón 182 20014 Guipúzcoa Spain
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda 669-1337 Japan
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) INSTM Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmanceutiche Università di Trieste Piazzale Europa, 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Present Address: Simpson Querrey Institute Northwestern University 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group CICbiomaGUNE P° Miramón 182 20014 Guipúzcoa Spain
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) INSTM Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmanceutiche Università di Trieste Piazzale Europa, 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science Ikerbasque Bilbao 48013 Spain
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24
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Omachi H, Inoue T, Hatao S, Shinohara H, Criado A, Yoshikawa H, Syrgiannis Z, Prato M. Concise, Single-Step Synthesis of Sulfur-Enriched Graphene: Immobilization of Molecular Clusters and Battery Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7836-7841. [PMID: 32045508 PMCID: PMC7317581 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The concise synthesis of sulfur-enriched graphene for battery applications is reported. The direct treatment of graphene oxide (GO) with the commercially available Lawesson's reagent produced sulfur-enriched-reduced GO (S-rGO). Various techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed the occurrence of both sulfur functionalization and GO reduction. Also fabricated was a nanohybrid material by using S-rGO with polyoxometalate (POM) as a cathode-active material for a rechargeable battery. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that POM clusters were individually immobilized on the S-rGO surface. This battery, based on a POM/S-rGO complex, exhibited greater cycling stability for the charge-discharge process than a battery with nanohybrid materials positioned between the POM and nonenriched rGO. These results demonstrate that the use of sulfur-containing groups on a graphene surface can be extended to applications such as the catalysis of electrochemical reactions and electrodes in other battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Omachi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University, ChikusaNagoya464-8602Japan
- Research Center for Materials ScienceNagoya University, ChikusaNagoya464-8602Japan
| | - Tsukasa Inoue
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University, ChikusaNagoya464-8602Japan
| | - Shuya Hatao
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable EnergySchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University, ChikusaNagoya464-8602Japan
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Carbon Bionanotechnology GroupCICbiomaGUNEP° Miramón 18220014GuipúzcoaSpain
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable EnergySchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT)INSTMDipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmanceuticheUniversità di TriestePiazzale Europa, 134127TriesteItaly
- Present Address: Simpson Querrey InstituteNorthwestern University303 East Superior Street, 11th floorChicagoIL60611USA
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Bionanotechnology GroupCICbiomaGUNEP° Miramón 18220014GuipúzcoaSpain
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT)INSTMDipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmanceuticheUniversità di TriestePiazzale Europa, 134127TriesteItaly
- Basque Foundation for ScienceIkerbasqueBilbao48013Spain
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25
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Criado A, Lavela P, Ortiz G, Tirado J, Pérez-Vicente C, Bahrou N, Edfouf Z. Highly dispersed oleic-induced nanometric C@Na3V2(PO4)2F3 composites for efficient Na-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Criado A, Lavela P, Pérez-Vicente C, Ortiz G, Tirado J. Effect of chromium doping on Na3V2(PO4)2F3@C as promising positive electrode for sodium-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Pico S, Bernal M, Munoz A, Carrasco S, Criado A, Ibarz M. IgM interference in uric acid and beta-2-microglobulin: A case report. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Munoz A, Pico S, Criado A, Bernal M, Bernat A, Regué M, Carrasco S, Garcia A, Mercè I. Study of the incidence of monoclonal components in our area during 2018. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Lenarda A, Bevilacqua M, Tavagnacco C, Nasi L, Criado A, Vizza F, Melchionna M, Prato M, Fornasiero P. Selective Electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 Generation by Cobalt@N-Doped Graphitic Carbon Core-Shell Nanohybrids. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:1664-1672. [PMID: 30759330 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR) is an emerging synthetic strategy to prepare H2 O2 in a sustainable fashion. N-doped graphitic carbon with embedded cobalt nanoparticles was selected as an advanced material able to selectively trigger the ORR to form H2 O2 with a faradaic efficiency of almost 100 % at very positive applied potentials. The production of H2 O2 proceeded with high rates as calculated by bulk electrolysis (49 mmol g-1 h-1 ) and excellent current densities (≈-0.8 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). The totally selective behavior depended on the combination of concomitant material features, such as the textural properties, the nature of the metal, the distribution of N moieties, the acidic environment, and the applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lenarda
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Bevilacqua
- ICCOM-CNR, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tavagnacco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Nasi
- CNR-IMEM Institute, Parco area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Technològico de San Sebastiàn, Paseo Miramòn, 182, 20014, San Sebastiàn, Guipùzcoa, Spain
| | - Francesco Vizza
- ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Technològico de San Sebastiàn, Paseo Miramòn, 182, 20014, San Sebastiàn, Guipùzcoa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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30
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Martín C, Martín-Pacheco A, Naranjo A, Criado A, Merino S, Díez-Barra E, Herrero MA, Vázquez E. Graphene hybrid materials? The role of graphene materials in the final structure of hydrogels. Nanoscale 2019; 11:4822-4830. [PMID: 30816371 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been introduced into a three-dimensional polymeric network based on polyacrylamide in order to ascertain the role of each nanomaterial in hydrogels. The hydrogel structure is not affected by the introduction of GQDs, since these nanoparticles do not form part of the polymeric network. G and GO modify the structure of the hydrogels but in a different way. GO seems to interact by hydrogen bonding to form non-homogeneous gels in which the mechanical properties are not markedly improved. However, G takes an active part in the formation of the polymeric network, which leads to improved mechanical properties and stability of the final material to give rise to truly hybrid hydrogels and not mere two-phase composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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31
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Reina G, González-Domínguez JM, Criado A, Vázquez E, Bianco A, Prato M. Promises, facts and challenges for graphene in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4400-4416. [PMID: 28722038 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00363c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The graphene family has captured the interest and the imagination of an increasing number of scientists working in different fields, ranging from composites to flexible electronics. In the area of biomedical applications, graphene is especially involved in drug delivery, biosensing and tissue engineering, with strong contributions to the whole nanomedicine area. Besides the interesting results obtained so far and the evident success, there are still many problems to solve, on the way to the manufacturing of biomedical devices, including the lack of standardization in the production of the graphene family members. Control of lateral size, aggregation state (single vs. few layers) and oxidation state (unmodified graphene vs. oxidized graphenes) is essential for the translation of this material into clinical assays. In this Tutorial Review we critically describe the latest developments of the graphene family materials into the biomedical field. We analyze graphene-based devices starting from graphene synthetic strategies, functionalization and processibility protocols up to the final in vitro and in vivo applications. We also address the toxicological impact and the limitations in translating graphene materials into advanced clinical tools. Finally, new trends and guidelines for future developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Reina
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - José Miguel González-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
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Sulleiro MV, Quiroga S, Peña D, Pérez D, Guitián E, Criado A, Prato M. Microwave-induced covalent functionalization of few-layer graphene with arynes under solvent-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2086-2089. [PMID: 29334096 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-conventional modification of exfoliated few-layer graphene (FLG) with different arynes under microwave (MW) irradiation and solvent-free conditions is reported. The described approach allows reaching fast, efficient and mild covalent functionalization of FLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Sulleiro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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33
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Iglesias D, Giuliani A, Melchionna M, Marchesan S, Criado A, Nasi L, Bevilacqua M, Tavagnacco C, Vizza F, Prato M, Fornasiero P. N-Doped Graphitized Carbon Nanohorns as a Forefront Electrocatalyst in Highly Selective O2 Reduction to H2O2. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Juzgado A, Soldà A, Ostric A, Criado A, Valenti G, Rapino S, Conti G, Fracasso G, Paolucci F, Prato M. Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of a prostate cancer biomarker. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6681-6687. [PMID: 32264431 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01557g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glycoprotein expressed in the prostatic epithelium endowed with enzymatic activity, is a very promising diagnostic marker for the early detection of prostate cancer. In this study, we report a novel electrochemiluminescence ELISA-like immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and a highly specific sandwich immunoassay for the PSMA detection. To fabricate the device, an optically transparent electrode was modified with doubly functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes carrying amine groups and a monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody. Subsequently, to complete the sandwich immunosensing device, a second specific monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody was labelled with a electrochemiluminescent probe. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed sensing device exhibits a performance exceeding that of the state of-the-art in terms of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as good as 0.88 ng mL-1 and 2.60 ng mL-1, respectively, in real complex samples such as cell lysates. In addition, the unique role of carbon nanotubes is also discussed by comparison with an analogue sensor assembled without the nanocarbon-based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juzgado
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Garcia Fuente A, Vazquez Villa J, Martinez Perez D, Fernandez Fernandez R, Francisco J GA, Jose I MC, Criado A, Barneo L, Fonseca P, Vieitez DPJM, Ferrer J. Modification of the cytotoxic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) in relation to pH (physiological vs tumoral). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx261.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pelin M, Fusco L, León V, Martín C, Criado A, Sosa S, Vázquez E, Tubaro A, Prato M. Differential cytotoxic effects of graphene and graphene oxide on skin keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40572. [PMID: 28079192 PMCID: PMC5227695 DOI: 10.1038/srep40572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impressive properties make graphene-based materials (GBMs) promising tools for nanoelectronics and biomedicine. However, safety concerns need to be cleared before mass production of GBMs starts. As skin, together with lungs, displays the highest exposure to GBMs, it is of fundamental importance to understand what happens when GBMs get in contact with skin cells. The present study was carried out on HaCaT keratinocytes, an in vitro model of skin toxicity, on which the effects of four GBMs were evaluated: a few layer graphene, prepared by ball-milling treatment (FLG), and three samples of graphene oxide (GOs, a research-grade GO1, and two commercial GOs, GO2 and GO3). Even though no significant effects were observed after 24 h, after 72 h the less oxidized compound (FLG) was the less cytotoxic, inducing mitochondrial and plasma-membrane damages with EC50s of 62.8 μg/mL (WST-8 assay) and 45.5 μg/mL (propidium iodide uptake), respectively. By contrast, the largest and most oxidized compound, GO3, was the most cytotoxic, inducing mitochondrial and plasma-membrane damages with EC50s of 5.4 and 2.9 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that only high concentrations and long exposure times to FLG and GOs could impair mitochondrial activity associated with plasma membrane damage, suggesting low cytotoxic effects at the skin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Fusco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Verónica León
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 182, 20009 San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), Spain
| | - Silvio Sosa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 182, 20009 San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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Alegret N, Criado A, Prato M. Recent Advances of Graphene-based Hybrids with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:529-536. [PMID: 27993110 PMCID: PMC5543568 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666161216144218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of graphene-based nanomaterials combined with magnetic nanoparticles offers key benefits in the modern biomedicine. In this minireview, we focus on the most recent advances in hybrids of magnetic graphene derivatives for biomedical applications. We initially analyze the several methodologies employed for the preparation of graphene-based composites with magnetic nanoparticles, more specifically the kind of linkage between the two components. In the last section, we focus on the biomedical applications where these magnetic-graphene hybrids are essential and pay special attention on how the addition of graphene improves the resulting devices in magnetic resonance imaging, controlled drug delivery, magnetic photothermal therapy and cellular separation and isolation. Finally, we highlight the use of these magnetic hybrids as multifunctional material that will lead to a next generation of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Alegret
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao48013, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Criado A, Piotrowski C, Wilcock P, Bradley CL, Haberl B, Smith BC. 165 To determine if hand held near infrared spectroscopy can be used to measure corn particle size, corn particle distribution and corn moisture. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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González-Domínguez JM, Santidrián A, Criado A, Hadad C, Kalbáč M, Da Ros T. Back Cover: Multipurpose Nature of Rapid Covalent Functionalization on Carbon Nanotubes (Chem. Eur. J. 51/2015). Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201585104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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González-Domínguez JM, Santidrián A, Criado A, Hadad C, Kalbáč M, Da Ros T. Multipurpose Nature of Rapid Covalent Functionalization on Carbon Nanotubes. Chemistry 2015; 21:18631-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The utilization of grown or deposited graphene on solid substrates offers key benefits for functionalization processes, but especially to attain structures with a high level of control for electronics and "smart" materials. In this review, we will initially focus on the nature and properties of graphene on substrates, based on the method of preparation. We will then analyze the most relevant literature on the functionalization of graphene on substrates. In particular, we will comparatively discuss radical reactions, cycloadditions, halogenations, hydrogenations, and oxidations. We will especially address the question of how the reactivity of graphene is affected by its morphology (i.e., number of layers, defects, substrate, curvature, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Criado
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy).
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy)
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy)
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Storing pleural fluid samples for research purposes is a common practice, but whether adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme used for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis, is stable over long periods of time is unknown. METHODS We evaluated the stability of pleural ADA concentrations in 223 samples frozen at -800C as compared to values obtained immediately following the initial thoracentesis. Sample storage time ranged from several months to slightly more than 10 years. RESULTS ADA activity was stable for up to 2.6 years. Afterwards, it decreased 6 to 8 U/L, enough to drop 2 (3.3%) tuberculous patients below the diagnostic ADA cutoff. CONCLUSIONS As far as ADA enzymatic activity is concerned, pleural fluid samples are viable for extended periods of time. However, some caution in interpreting results from specimens stored for > 2.6 years is prudent.
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Guitián E, Peña D, Criado A, Cobas A, Pérez D, Vilas-Varela M. Acid-Promoted Aromatization of Perylene-Based Endoxides. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Criado
- Departamento de
Química
Orgánica and Centro de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Departamento de
Química
Orgánica and Centro de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Agustín Cobas
- Departamento de
Química
Orgánica and Centro de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Departamento de
Química
Orgánica and Centro de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Departamento de
Química
Orgánica and Centro de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Departamento de
Química
Orgánica and Centro de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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Abstract
We show that the different bond orders of individual carbon-carbon bonds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes can be distinguished by noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a carbon monoxide (CO)-functionalized tip. We found two different contrast mechanisms, which were corroborated by density functional theory calculations: The greater electron density in bonds of higher bond order led to a stronger Pauli repulsion, which enhanced the brightness of these bonds in high-resolution AFM images. The apparent bond length in the AFM images decreased with increasing bond order because of tilting of the CO molecule at the tip apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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Criado A, Uña R. [Anaesthesia in rare diseases]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2012; 59:61-63. [PMID: 22480550 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Criado
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
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Alonso JM, Díaz-Álvarez AE, Criado A, Pérez D, Peña D, Guitián E. Innentitelbild: [16]Cloverphene: a Clover-Shaped cata-Condensed Nanographene with Sixteen Fused Benzene Rings (Angew. Chem. 1/2012). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Alonso JM, Díaz-Álvarez AE, Criado A, Pérez D, Peña D, Guitián E. Inside Cover: [16]Cloverphene: a Clover-Shaped cata-Condensed Nanographene with Sixteen Fused Benzene Rings (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2012). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alonso JM, Díaz-Álvarez AE, Criado A, Pérez D, Peña D, Guitián E. [16]Cloverphene: a Clover-Shaped cata-Condensed Nanographene with Sixteen Fused Benzene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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