1
|
Ghosh A, Payton A, Gallant SC, Rogers KL, Mascenik T, Hickman E, Love CA, Schichlein KD, Smyth TR, Kim YH, Rager JE, Gilmour MI, Randell SH, Jaspers I. Burn Pit Smoke Condensate-Mediated Toxicity in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:791-803. [PMID: 38652897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Burn pits are a method of open-air waste management that was common during military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other regions in Southwest Asia. Veterans returning from deployment have reported respiratory symptoms, potentially from exposure to burn pit smoke, yet comprehensive assessment of such exposure on pulmonary health is lacking. We have previously shown that exposure to condensates from burn pit smoke emissions causes inflammation and cytotoxicity in mice. In this study, we explored the effects of burn pit smoke condensates on human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) to understand their impact on cellular targets in the human lung. HAECs were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to burn pit waste smoke condensates (plywood, cardboard, plastic, mixed, and mixed with diesel) generated under smoldering and flaming conditions. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; toxicity scores (TSs) were quantified for each exposure. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release and modulation of gene expression were examined for cardboard and plastic condensate exposures. Burn pit smoke condensates generated under flaming conditions affected cell viability, with flaming mixed waste and plywood exhibiting the highest toxicity scores. Cardboard and plastic smoke condensates modulated cytokine secretion, with GM-CSF and IL-1β altered in more than one exposure group. Gene expression of detoxifying enzymes (ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NQO1, etc.), mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and cytokines was affected by several smoke condensates. Particularly, expression of IL6 was elevated following exposure to all burn pit smoke condensates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon acenaphthene was positively associated with the IL-6 level in the basolateral media of HAECs. These observations demonstrate that exposure to smoke condensates of materials present in burn pits adversely affects HAECs and that aberrant cytokine secretion and altered gene expression profiles following burn pit material smoke exposure could contribute to the development of airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexis Payton
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samuel C Gallant
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Keith L Rogers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Teresa Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elise Hickman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Charlotte A Love
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kevin D Schichlein
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Julia E Rager
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Winker R, Payton A, Brown E, McDermott E, Freedman JH, Lenhardt C, Eaves LA, Fry RC, Rager JE. Wildfires and climate justice: future wildfire events predicted to disproportionally impact socioeconomically vulnerable communities in North Carolina. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1339700. [PMID: 38741908 PMCID: PMC11089107 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildfire events are becoming increasingly common across many areas of the United States, including North Carolina (NC). Wildfires can cause immediate damage to properties, and wildfire smoke conditions can harm the overall health of exposed communities. It is critical to identify communities at increased risk of wildfire events, particularly in areas with that have sociodemographic disparities and low socioeconomic status (SES) that may exacerbate incurred impacts of wildfire events. This study set out to: (1) characterize the distribution of wildfire risk across NC; (2) implement integrative cluster analyses to identify regions that contain communities with increased vulnerability to the impacts of wildfire events due to sociodemographic characteristics; (3) provide summary-level statistics of populations with highest wildfire risk, highlighting SES and housing cost factors; and (4) disseminate wildfire risk information via our online web application, ENVIROSCAN. Wildfire hazard potential (WHP) indices were organized at the census tract-level, and distributions were analyzed for spatial autocorrelation via global and local Moran's tests. Sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed via k-means analysis to identify clusters with distinct SES patterns to characterize regions of similar sociodemographic/socioeconomic disparities. These SES groupings were overlayed with housing and wildfire risk profiles to establish patterns of risk across NC. Resulting geospatial analyses identified areas largely in Southeastern NC with high risk of wildfires that were significantly correlated with neighboring regions with high WHP, highlighting adjacent regions of high risk for future wildfire events. Cluster-based analysis of SES factors resulted in three groups of regions categorized through distinct SES profiling; two of these clusters (Clusters 2 and 3) contained indicators of high SES vulnerability. Cluster 2 contained a higher percentage of younger (<5 years), non-white, Hispanic and/or Latino residents; while Cluster 3 had the highest mean WHP and was characterized by a higher percentage of non-white residents, poverty, and less than a high school education. Counties of particular SES and WHP-combined vulnerability include those with majority non-white residents, tribal communities, and below poverty level households largely located in Southeastern NC. WHP values per census tract were dispersed to the public via the ENVIROSCAN application, alongside other environmentally-relevant data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Winker
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric Brown
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elena McDermott
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Freedman
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chris Lenhardt
- Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren A. Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smyth T, Payton A, Hickman E, Rager JE, Jaspers I. Leveraging a Comprehensive Unbiased RNAseq Database Uncovers New Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Subtypes Within Commonly Employed In Vitro Polarization Methods. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.04.588150. [PMID: 38645108 PMCID: PMC11030221 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are pivotal innate immune cells which exhibit high phenotypic plasticity and can exist in different polarization states dependent on exposure to external stimuli. Numerous methods have been employed to simulate macrophage polarization states to test their function in vitro. However, limited research has explored whether these polarization methods yield comparable populations beyond key gene, cytokine, and cell surface marker expression. Here, we employ an unbiased comprehensive analysis using data organized through the all RNA-seq and ChIP-seq sample and signature search (ARCHS4) database, which compiles all RNAseq data deposited into the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). In silico analyses were carried out demonstrating that commonly employed macrophage polarization methods generate distinct macrophage subsets that remained undescribed until now. Our analyses confirm existing knowledge on macrophage polarization, while revealing nuanced differences between M2a and M2c subpopulations, suggesting non-interchangeable stimuli for M2a polarization. Furthermore, we identify divergent gene expression patterns in M1 macrophages following standard polarization protocols, indicating significant subset distinctions. Consequently, equivalence cannot be assumed among polarization regimens for in vitro macrophage studies, particularly in simulating diverse pathogen responses.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitucci EC, Carberry CK, Payton A, Herring LE, Mordant AL, McCullough SD, Rager JE. Characterizing the extracellular vesicle proteomic landscape of the human airway using in vitro organotypic multi-cellular models. iScience 2023; 26:108162. [PMID: 37920665 PMCID: PMC10618692 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated intercellular communication significantly influences pulmonary cell health and disease, yet in vitro methods to investigate these mechanisms are limited. We hypothesize that organotypic models of the airway can be leveraged to investigate EV-mediated intercellular signaling, focusing on EV proteomic content as a case study. Two in vitro airway culture models were evaluated by mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis: a tri-culture model consisting of alveolar epithelial, fibroblast, and lung microvascular endothelial cells and a co-culture model of alveolar epithelial and fibroblasts. EVs isolated from the tri-culture model were enriched with EV proteins regulating RNA-to-protein translation. EVs isolated from the co-culture model were enriched with EV biogenesis and extracellular matrix signaling proteins. These model-specific differences suggest that different pulmonary cell types uniquely affect EV composition and the biological pathways influenced by the EV proteome in recipient cells. These findings can inform future studies surrounding EV-related pulmonary disease pathogenesis and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C.M. Vitucci
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celeste K. Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angie L. Mordant
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Payton A, Roell KR, Rebuli ME, Valdar W, Jaspers I, Rager JE. Navigating the bridge between wet and dry lab toxicology research to address current challenges with high-dimensional data. Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1171175. [PMID: 37304253 PMCID: PMC10250703 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1171175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicology research has rapidly evolved, leveraging increasingly advanced technologies in high-throughput approaches to yield important information on toxicological mechanisms and health outcomes. Data produced through toxicology studies are consequently becoming larger, often producing high-dimensional data. These types of data hold promise for imparting new knowledge, yet inherently have complexities causing them to be a rate-limiting element for researchers, particularly those that are housed in "wet lab" settings (i.e., researchers that use liquids to analyze various chemicals and biomarkers as opposed to more computationally focused, "dry lab" researchers). These types of challenges represent topics of ongoing conversation amongst our team and researchers in the field. The aim of this perspective is to i) summarize hurdles in analyzing high-dimensional data in toxicology that require improved training and translation for wet lab researchers, ii) highlight example methods that have aided in translating data analysis techniques to wet lab researchers; and iii) describe challenges that remain to be effectively addressed, to date, in toxicology research. Specific aspects include methodologies that could be introduced to wet lab researchers, including data pre-processing, machine learning, and data reduction. Current challenges discussed include model interpretability, study biases, and data analysis training. Example efforts implemented to translate these data analysis techniques are also mentioned, including online data analysis resources and hands-on workshops. Questions are also posed to continue conversation in the toxicology community. Contents of this perspective represent timely issues broadly occurring in the fields of bioinformatics and toxicology that require ongoing dialogue between wet and dry lab researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kyle R. Roell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Meghan E. Rebuli
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William Valdar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perryman AN, Kim HYH, Payton A, Rager JE, McNell EE, Rebuli ME, Wells H, Almond M, Antinori J, Alexis NE, Porter NA, Jaspers I. Plasma sterols and vitamin D are correlates and predictors of ozone-induced inflammation in the lung: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285721. [PMID: 37186612 PMCID: PMC10184915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone (O3) exposure causes respiratory effects including lung function decrements, increased lung permeability, and airway inflammation. Additionally, baseline metabolic state can predispose individuals to adverse health effects from O3. For this reason, we conducted an exploratory study to examine the effect of O3 exposure on derivatives of cholesterol biosynthesis: sterols, oxysterols, and secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D) not only in the lung, but also in circulation. METHODS We obtained plasma and induced sputum samples from non-asthmatic (n = 12) and asthmatic (n = 12) adult volunteers 6 hours following exposure to 0.4ppm O3 for 2 hours. We quantified the concentrations of 24 cholesterol precursors and derivatives by UPLC-MS and 30 cytokines by ELISA. We use computational analyses including machine learning to determine whether baseline plasma sterols are predictive of O3 responsiveness. RESULTS We observed an overall decrease in the concentration of cholesterol precursors and derivatives (e.g. 27-hydroxycholesterol) and an increase in concentration of autooxidation products (e.g. secosterol-B) in sputum samples. In plasma, we saw a significant increase in the concentration of secosterol-B after O3 exposure. Machine learning algorithms showed that plasma cholesterol was a top predictor of O3 responder status based on decrease in FEV1 (>5%). Further, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic subjects and with sputum uteroglobin, whereas it was inversely associated with sputum myeloperoxidase and neutrophil counts. CONCLUSION This study highlights alterations in sterol metabolites in the airway and circulation as potential contributors to systemic health outcomes and predictors of pulmonary and inflammatory responsiveness following O3 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia N. Perryman
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hye-Young H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Alexis Payton
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin E. McNell
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Rebuli
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Heather Wells
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jamie Antinori
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hickman E, Payton A, Duffney P, Wells H, Ceppe AS, Brocke S, Bailey A, Rebuli ME, Robinette C, Ring B, Rager JE, Alexis NE, Jaspers I. Biomarkers of Airway Immune Homeostasis Differ Significantly with Generation of E-Cigarettes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1248-1258. [PMID: 35731626 PMCID: PMC9746848 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0373oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Numerous studies have demonstrated that e-cigarettes can impact respiratory immune homeostasis; however, the extent of these effects remains an active area of investigation, and most previous studies were conducted with model systems or subjects exposed to third-generation e-cigarettes, such as vape pens and box mods. Objectives: Given the rise in popularity of nicotine-salt-containing pods and disposable e-cigarettes (fourth generation), we set out to better understand the respiratory effects of these newer e-cigarettes and compare their effects to early-generation devices. Methods: We collected induced sputum samples from a cohort of nonsmokers, smokers, third-generation e-cigarette users, and fourth-generation e-cigarette users (n = 20-30 per group) and evaluated the cellular and fluid-phase composition for markers of inflammation, host defense, and lung injury. Measurements and Main Results: Fourth-generation e-cigarette users had significantly more bronchial epithelial cells in the sputum, suggestive of airway injury. Concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM1) were significantly lower in fourth-generation e-cigarette users in comparison with all other groups, and CRP (C-reactive protein), IFN-γ, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), uteroglobin, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were significantly lower in fourth- versus third-generation e-cigarette users, suggestive of overall immune suppression in fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Predictive modeling also demonstrated clear separation between exposure groups, indicating that the overall mediator milieu is different between groups, particularly fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Conclusions: Our results indicate disrupted immune homeostasis in fourth-generation e-cigarette users and demonstrate that the biological effects of fourth-generation e-cigarette use are unique compared with those associated with previous-generation e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hickman
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
| | - Alexis Payton
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Parker Duffney
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
| | - Heather Wells
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
| | | | - Stephanie Brocke
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
| | - Aleah Bailey
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
| | - Meghan E. Rebuli
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
| | | | - Brian Ring
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carberry CK, Keshava D, Payton A, Smith GJ, Rager JE. Approaches to incorporate extracellular vesicles into exposure science, toxicology, and public health research. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2022; 32:647-659. [PMID: 35217808 PMCID: PMC9402811 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent small, membrane-enclosed particles that are derived from parent cells and are secreted into the extracellular space. Once secreted, EVs can then travel and communicate with nearby or distant cells. Due to their inherent stability and biocompatibility, these particles can effectively transfer RNAs, proteins, and chemicals/metabolites from parent cells to target cells, impacting cellular and pathological processes. EVs have been shown to respond to disease-causing agents and impact target cells. Given that disease-causing agents span environmental contaminants, pathogens, social stressors, drugs, and other agents, the translation of EV methods into public health is now a critical research gap. This paper reviews approaches to translate EVs into exposure science, toxicology, and public health applications, highlighting blood as an example due to its common use within clinical, epidemiological, and toxicological studies. Approaches are reviewed surrounding the isolation and characterization of EVs and molecular markers that can be used to inform EV cell-of-origin. Molecular cargo contained within EVs are then discussed, including an original analysis of blood EV data from Vesiclepedia. Methods to evaluate functional consequences and target tissues of EVs are also reviewed. Lastly, the expanded integration of these approaches into future public health applications is discussed, including the use of EVs as promising biomarkers of exposure, effect, and disease. IMPACT STATEMENT: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent small, cell-derived structures consisting of molecules that can serve as biomarkers of exposure, effect, and disease. This review lays a novel foundation for integrating EVs, a rapidly advancing molecular biological tool, into the field of public health research including epidemiological, toxicological, and clinical investigations. This article represents an important advancement in public health and exposure science as it is among the first to translate EVs into this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deepak Keshava
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carberry CK, Koval LE, Payton A, Hartwell H, Ho Kim Y, Smith GJ, Reif DM, Jaspers I, Ian Gilmour M, Rager JE. Wildfires and extracellular vesicles: Exosomal MicroRNAs as mediators of cross-tissue cardiopulmonary responses to biomass smoke. Environ Int 2022; 167:107419. [PMID: 35863239 PMCID: PMC9389917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wildfires are a threat to public health world-wide that are growing in intensity and prevalence. The biological mechanisms that elicit wildfire-associated toxicity remain largely unknown. The potential involvement of cross-tissue communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a new mechanism that has yet to be evaluated. METHODS Female CD-1 mice were exposed to smoke condensate samples collected from the following biomass burn scenarios: flaming peat; smoldering peat; flaming red oak; and smoldering red oak, representing lab-based simulations of wildfire scenarios. Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, peripheral blood, and heart tissues were collected 4 and 24 h post-exposure. Exosome-enriched EVs were isolated from plasma, physically characterized, and profiled for microRNA (miRNA) expression. Pathway-level responses in the lung and heart were evaluated through RNA sequencing and pathway analyses. RESULTS Markers of cardiopulmonary tissue injury and inflammation from BALF samples were significantly altered in response to exposures, with the greatest changes occurring from flaming biomass conditions. Plasma EV miRNAs relevant to cardiovascular disease showed exposure-induced expression alterations, including miR-150, miR-183, miR-223-3p, miR-30b, and miR-378a. Lung and heart mRNAs were identified with differential expression enriched for hypoxia and cell stress-related pathways. Flaming red oak exposure induced the greatest transcriptional response in the heart, a large portion of which were predicted as regulated by plasma EV miRNAs, including miRNAs known to regulate hypoxia-induced cardiovascular injury. Many of these miRNAs had published evidence supporting their transfer across tissues. A follow-up analysis of miR-30b showed that it was increased in expression in the heart of exposed mice in the absence of changes to its precursor molecular, pri-miR-30b, suggesting potential transfer from external sources (e.g., plasma). DISCUSSION This study posits a potential mechanism through which wildfire exposures induce cardiopulmonary responses, highlighting the role of circulating plasma EVs in intercellular and systems-level communication between tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Koval
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hadley Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jackson WM, Santos HP, Hartwell HJ, Gower WA, Chhabra D, Hagood JS, Laughon MM, Payton A, Smeester L, Roell K, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Differential placental CpG methylation is associated with chronic lung disease of prematurity. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1428-1435. [PMID: 34857876 PMCID: PMC9160210 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lung disease (CLD) is the most common pulmonary morbidity in extremely preterm infants. It is unclear to what extent prenatal exposures influence the risk of CLD. Epigenetic variation in placenta DNA methylation may be associated with differential risk of CLD, and these associations may be dependent upon sex. METHODS Data were obtained from a multi-center cohort of infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) and an epigenome-wide approach was used to identify associations between placental DNA methylation and CLD (n = 423). Associations were evaluated using robust linear regression adjusting for covariates, with a false discovery rate of 0.05. Analyses stratified by sex were used to assess differences in methylation-CLD associations. RESULTS CLD was associated with differential methylation at 49 CpG sites representing 46 genes in the placenta. CLD was associated with differential methylation of probes within genes related to pathways involved in fetal lung development, such as p53 signaling and myo-inositol biosynthesis. Associations between CpG methylation and CLD differed by sex. CONCLUSIONS Differential placental methylation within genes with key roles in fetal lung development may reflect complex cell signaling between the placenta and fetus which mediate CLD risk. These pathways appear to be distinct based on fetal sex. IMPACT In extremely preterm infants, differential methylation of CpG sites within placental genes involved in pathways related to cell signaling, oxidative stress, and trophoblast invasion is associated with chronic lung disease of prematurity. DNA methylation patterns associated with chronic lung disease were distinctly based on fetal sex, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying dimorphic phenotypes. Mechanisms related to fetal hypoxia and placental myo-inositol signaling may play a role in fetal lung programming and the developmental origins of chronic lung disease. Continued research of the relationship between the placental epigenome and chronic lung disease could inform efforts to ameliorate or prevent this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hudson P. Santos
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hadley J. Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Adam Gower
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Divya Chhabra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew M. Laughon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kyle Roell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Didikoglu A, Maharani A, Payton A, Canal MM, Pendleton N. 49 Longitudinal Change of Sleep in the Elderly and Its Associations with Health. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab030.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In elderly populations, sleep quality deteriorates and sleep time shifts towards earlier times. These sleep characteristics have been associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric disorders, cognitive decline and mortality. Our aims are to examine longitudinal changes of sleep in older adults and to investigate the relationship between sleep variations, general health and mortality.
Methods
The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age cohort (6,375 participants, recruited in the North of England, between 1983 and 1993) was used. Mixed models were used to investigate individual sleep trajectories (5 waves in 30-year period). Sleep timing and efficiency trajectories were clustered using latent class analysis and analysed against daily habits, health and mortality.
Results
Older adults have decreased sleep efficiency (~20%) and early sleep time (~30 min) between 40 and 100 years of age. Those in the high sleep efficiency latent class had minimal decrease in their sleep efficiency as they aged. Belonging to the high sleep efficiency latent class was associated with having lower prevalence of hypertension, circulatory problems, arthritis, breathing problems and recurrent depression compared to the low efficiency latent class. Results showed a higher risk of hypertension and metabolic syndrome in the evening-type latent class compared to morning-type individuals. Evening class was associated with traits related to lower health such as reduced sport participation, increased risk of depression and psychoticism personality, late eating, increased smoking and alcohol usage. Survival analysis revealed that individuals in the evening class had 1.15-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with morning preferences.
Conclusion
Ageing is associated with decreased sleep efficiency and early sleep timing. However, there are detectable subgroups of sleep traits that are related to prevalence of different diseases and longevity. Understating these subgroups may pave the way for new treatments for healthy sleeping habits in older population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of
| | - A Maharani
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of
| | - A Payton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of
| | - M M Canal
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of
| | - N Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Payton A, Clark J, Eaves L, Santos HP, Smeester L, Bangma JT, O'Shea TM, Fry RC, Rager JE. Placental genomic and epigenomic signatures associated with infant birth weight highlight mechanisms involved in collagen and growth factor signaling. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:221-230. [PMID: 32721520 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight (BW) represents an important clinical and toxicological measure, indicative of the overall health of the newborn as well as potential risk for later-in-life outcomes. BW can be influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors and is known to be heavily impacted in utero by the health and function of the placenta. An aspect that remains understudied is the influence of genomic and epigenomic programming within the placenta on infant BW. To address this gap, we set out to test the hypothesis that genes involved in critical placental cell signaling are associated with infant BW, and are likely regulated, in part, through epigenetic mechanisms based on microRNA (miRNA) mediation. This study leveraged a robust dataset based on 390 infants born at low gestational age (ranged 23-27 weeks) to evaluate genome-wide expression profiles of both mRNAs and miRNAs in placenta tissues and relate these to infant BW. A total of 254 mRNAs and 268 miRNAs were identified as associated with BW, the majority of which showed consistent associations across placentas derived from both males and females. BW-associated mRNAs were found to be enriched for important biological pathways, including glycoprotein VI (the major receptor for collagen), human growth, and hepatocyte growth factor signaling, a portion of which were predicted to be regulated by BW-associated miRNAs. These miRNA-regulated pathways highlight key mechanisms potentially linking endogenous/exogenous factors to changes in birth outcomes that may be deleterious to infant and later-in-life health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeliyah Clark
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trampush JW, Yang MLZ, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Liewald DC, Starr JM, Djurovic S, Melle I, Sundet K, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Chiba-Falek O, Attix DK, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Arking DE, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NA, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1651-1652. [PMID: 29068436 PMCID: PMC5659072 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.244.
Collapse
|
14
|
Essa H, Vasant DH, Raginis-Zborowska A, Payton A, Michou E, Hamdy S. The BDNF polymorphism Val66Met may be predictive of swallowing improvement post pharyngeal electrical stimulation in dysphagic stroke patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28317287 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism rs6265 (Val66Met) in both "natural" and treatment induced recovery of swallowing after dysphagic stroke. METHODS Sixteen dysphagic stroke patients that completed a single-blind randomized sham controlled trial of pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) within 6 weeks of their stroke (N=38), were genotyped for the BDNF SNP Val66Met (rs6265) from saliva samples. These patients received active or sham PES according to randomized allocation. PES was delivered at a set frequency (5 Hz), intensity (75% of maximal tolerated), and duration (10 minutes) once a day for three consecutive days. Clinical measurements were taken from patients at baseline, 2 weeks and 3 months post entering the study. Changes in swallowing ability based on the dysphagia severity rating scale (DSRS) were compared between active and sham groups and associated with BDNF SNP status. KEY RESULTS In the active stimulation group, patients with the Met BDNF allele demonstrated significantly greater improvements in DSRS at 3 months compared to patients homozygous for the Val allele (P=.009). By comparison, there were no significant associations at the 2 week stage in either the active or sham group, or at 3 month in the sham group. Functional scores including the Barthel Index and modified Rankin scale were also unaffected by BDNF status. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our findings suggest an association between BDNF and stimulation induced swallowing recovery. Further work will be required to validate these observations and demonstrate clinical utility in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Essa
- University of Manchester, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D H Vasant
- University of Manchester, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Raginis-Zborowska
- University of Manchester, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Payton
- University of Manchester, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Health Sciences, Division of Human Communication, Development & Hearing, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Michou
- University of Manchester, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Hamdy
- University of Manchester, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Trampush JW, Yang MLZ, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Liewald DC, Starr JM, Djurovic S, Melle I, Sundet K, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Chiba-Falek O, Attix DK, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Arking DE, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NA, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:336-345. [PMID: 28093568 PMCID: PMC5322272 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex nature of human cognition has resulted in cognitive genomics lagging behind many other fields in terms of gene discovery using genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. In an attempt to overcome these barriers, the current study utilized GWAS meta-analysis to examine the association of common genetic variation (~8M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with minor allele frequency ⩾1%) to general cognitive function in a sample of 35 298 healthy individuals of European ancestry across 24 cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT). In addition, we utilized individual SNP lookups and polygenic score analyses to identify genetic overlap with other relevant neurobehavioral phenotypes. Our primary GWAS meta-analysis identified two novel SNP loci (top SNPs: rs76114856 in the CENPO gene on chromosome 2 and rs6669072 near LOC105378853 on chromosome 1) associated with cognitive performance at the genome-wide significance level (P<5 × 10-8). Gene-based analysis identified an additional three Bonferroni-corrected significant loci at chromosomes 17q21.31, 17p13.1 and 1p13.3. Altogether, common variation across the genome resulted in a conservatively estimated SNP heritability of 21.5% (s.e.=0.01%) for general cognitive function. Integration with prior GWAS of cognitive performance and educational attainment yielded several additional significant loci. Finally, we found robust polygenic correlations between cognitive performance and educational attainment, several psychiatric disorders, birth length/weight and smoking behavior, as well as a novel genetic association to the personality trait of openness. These data provide new insight into the genetics of neurocognitive function with relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Trampush
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - M L Z Yang
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - E Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway,NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Sundet
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Christoforou
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - B Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - P Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - K E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Payton
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - O Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D K Attix
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E T Cirulli
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - D Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - D E Arking
- Department of Psychiatry and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - R M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - F W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - E Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - M A Scult
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A R Hariri
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - T Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Howrigan DP, Simonson MA, Davies G, Harris SE, Tenesa A, Starr JM, Liewald DC, Deary IJ, McRae A, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Hansell N, Martin NG, Payton A, Horan M, Ollier WE, Abdellaoui A, Boomsma DI, DeRosse P, Knowles EEM, Glahn DC, Djurovic S, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Christoforou A, Steen VM, Hellard SL, Sundet K, Reinvang I, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Giegling I, Konte B, Hartmann AM, Rujescu D, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Bitsios P, Donohoe G, Corley RP, Visscher PM, Pendleton N, Malhotra AK, Neale BM, Lencz T, Keller MC. Genome-wide autozygosity is associated with lower general cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:837-43. [PMID: 26390830 PMCID: PMC4803638 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression refers to lower fitness among offspring of genetic relatives. This reduced fitness is caused by the inheritance of two identical chromosomal segments (autozygosity) across the genome, which may expose the effects of (partially) recessive deleterious mutations. Even among outbred populations, autozygosity can occur to varying degrees due to cryptic relatedness between parents. Using dense genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we examined the degree to which autozygosity associated with measured cognitive ability in an unselected sample of 4854 participants of European ancestry. We used runs of homozygosity-multiple homozygous SNPs in a row-to estimate autozygous tracts across the genome. We found that increased levels of autozygosity predicted lower general cognitive ability, and estimate a drop of 0.6 s.d. among the offspring of first cousins (P=0.003-0.02 depending on the model). This effect came predominantly from long and rare autozygous tracts, which theory predicts as more likely to be deleterious than short and common tracts. Association mapping of autozygous tracts did not reveal any specific regions that were predictive beyond chance after correcting for multiple testing genome wide. The observed effect size is consistent with studies of cognitive decline among offspring of known consanguineous relationships. These findings suggest a role for multiple recessive or partially recessive alleles in general cognitive ability, and that alleles decreasing general cognitive ability have been selected against over evolutionary time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M A Simonson
- Division of Data Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Tenesa
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A McRae
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - W E Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Christoforou
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S L Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Sundet
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - B Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - P Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - K E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science at FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - G Donohoe
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - R P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P M Visscher
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - B M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - M C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Payton A, Sindrewicz P, Pessoa V, Platt H, Horan M, Ollier W, Bubb VJ, Pendleton N, Quinn JP. A TOMM40 poly-T variant modulates gene expression and is associated with vocabulary ability and decline in nonpathologic aging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 39:217.e1-7. [PMID: 26742953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 40 Homolog and Apolipoprotein E (TOMM40-APOE) locus has been associated with a number of age-related phenotypes in humans including nonpathologic cognitive aging, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, and longevity. Here, we investigate the influence of the TOMM40 intron 6 poly-T variant (rs10524523) on TOMM40 gene expression and cognitive abilities and decline in a cohort of 1613 community-dwelling elderly volunteers who had been followed for changes in cognitive functioning over a period of 14 years (range = 12-18 years). We showed that the shorter length poly-T variants were found to act as a repressor of luciferase gene expression in reporter gene constructs. Expression was reduced to approximately half of that observed for the very long variant. We further observed that the shorter poly-T variant was significantly associated with reduced vocabulary ability and a slower rate of vocabulary decline with age compared to the very long poly-T variants. No significant associations were observed for memory, fluid intelligence or processing speed, although the direction of effect, where the short variant was correlated with reduced ability and slower rate of decline was observed for all tests. Our results indicate that the poly-T variant has the ability to interact with transcription machinery and differentially modulate reporter gene expression and influence vocabulary ability and decline with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- Human Communication and Deafness, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - P Sindrewicz
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V Pessoa
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Platt
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V J Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nimmons D, Pendleton N, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Wilkinson J, Hamdy S. A novel association between COMT and BDNF gene polymorphisms and likelihood of symptomatic dysphagia in older people. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1223-31. [PMID: 26073434 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are neuro-modulatory proteins that have been demonstrated to affect cortical plasticity, which in turn has been shown to affect age-related changes and neuronal functioning in humans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within COMT and BDNF genes are associated with dysphagia in older adults. METHODS A total of 800 community-dwelling older individuals were sent the Sydney Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Questionnaire to identify swallowing difficulties. DNA from this population was available for study and used to genotype 18 COMT and 12 BDNF polymorphisms. Logistic regression statistical models were used to identify potential associations between dysphagia and the genotypes. KEY RESULTS A total of 638 individuals completed the questionnaire, giving an 80% response rate. Of these, 538 were genotyped for COMT and BDNF polymorphisms. Age was found to predict dysphagia (p = 0.018, OR = 1.08, CI = 1.01-1.14). The COMT polymorphism rs165599 and the BDNF polymorphism rs10835211 were found to predict dysphagia and have an interactive effect (p = 0.028), which varied according to the carrier status of the other. In the case of SNP rs10835211, the effect of heterozygosity was protective or harmful dependent on the respective status of rs165599. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results suggest that certain interactions between plasticity genes contribute to the development of dysphagia with increasing age. This highlights a possible role for genetic factors in future monitoring and treating individuals affected by dysphagia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nimmons
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - N Pendleton
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Payton
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, UK
| | - M Horan
- Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Wilkinson
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - S Hamdy
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mentz H, Horan M, Payton A, Ollier W, Pendleton N, Hamdy S. Homozygosity in the ApoE 4 polymorphism is associated with dysphagic symptoms in older adults. Dis Esophagus 2015; 28:97-103. [PMID: 24261350 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the most well-described genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and nonpathological cognitive decline. While possession of the E2 allele may have protective properties, substantial research evidence suggests the E4 allele increases the risk of cognitive degeneration. As neurodegenerative processes are implicated in swallowing dysfunction, we hypothesized that the presence of ApoE 4 would be predictive of dysphagia symptoms in older adults. Eight hundred members of a genetically well characterized community dwelling elderly cohort received the Sydney oropharyngeal dysphagia questionnaire via mail. Cognitive function was also measured using the modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TiCS-m) and depression with the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS). ApoE allele was genotyped on blood samples from all subjects and data analyzed using standard statistical software (SPSS version 16). Completed questionnaire response rate was 79% (23.5% men, 76.5% women; mean age 81 ± 5 years; range 69-98 years). Possession of one or more of the ApoE 4 and 2 alleles was found in 23.5% and 16%, respectively. Swallowing score was significantly related to GDS (rho 0.133, P < 0.001**) and age (rho 0.107, P < 0.007**) but not general cognitive function as measured by TICS-m. Self-reported swallowing function was not significantly associated with heterozygosity of any allele or homozygosity for E2 or E3 alleles. Although infrequent (1.1% of all subjects) ApoE E4 homozygosity was significantly associated with higher swallowing scores compared to all other allele combinations (P = 0.033) and while attenuated, was still predicted in multivariate regression modeling (B = 0.812; SE = 0.323; P = 0.012). We report the association between ApoE 4 homozygous genotype and self-reported oropharyngeal dysphagia symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. As this association is weakened by the multivariate analysis and the population frequency of ApoE 4 allele homozygosity is low, this finding while intriguing requires replication in larger independent cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Mentz
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester (part of the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC)), Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Christoforou A, Espeseth T, Davies G, Fernandes CPD, Giddaluru S, Mattheisen M, Tenesa A, Harris SE, Liewald DC, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Pendleton N, Haggarty P, Djurovic S, Herms S, Hoffman P, Cichon S, Starr JM, Lundervold A, Reinvang I, Steen VM, Deary IJ, Le Hellard S. GWAS-based pathway analysis differentiates between fluid and crystallized intelligence. Genes Brain Behav 2014; 13:663-74. [PMID: 24975275 PMCID: PMC4261989 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive abilities vary among people. About 40-50% of this variability is due to general intelligence (g), which reflects the positive correlation among individuals' scores on diverse cognitive ability tests. g is positively correlated with many life outcomes, such as education, occupational status and health, motivating the investigation of its underlying biology. In psychometric research, a distinction is made between general fluid intelligence (gF) - the ability to reason in novel situations - and general crystallized intelligence (gC) - the ability to apply acquired knowledge. This distinction is supported by developmental and cognitive neuroscience studies. Classical epidemiological studies and recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have established that these cognitive traits have a large genetic component. However, no robust genetic associations have been published thus far due largely to the known polygenic nature of these traits and insufficient sample sizes. Here, using two GWAS datasets, in which the polygenicity of gF and gC traits was previously confirmed, a gene- and pathway-based approach was undertaken with the aim of characterizing and differentiating their genetic architecture. Pathway analysis, using genes selected on the basis of relaxed criteria, revealed notable differences between these two traits. gF appeared to be characterized by genes affecting the quantity and quality of neurons and therefore neuronal efficiency, whereas long-term depression (LTD) seemed to underlie gC. Thus, this study supports the gF-gC distinction at the genetic level and identifies functional annotations and pathways worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Christoforou
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological PsychiatryCentre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen
| | - T Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Oslo
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOslo, Norway
| | - G Davies
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Edinburgh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of Edinburgh
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - C P D Fernandes
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological PsychiatryCentre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen
| | - S Giddaluru
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological PsychiatryCentre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - A Tenesa
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghRoslin
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of Edinburgh
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of Edinburgh
| | - A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute for Population HealthUniversity of Manchester
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute for Population HealthUniversity of Manchester
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of ManchesterManchester
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of ManchesterManchester
| | - P Haggarty
- Nutrition and Epigenetics Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - S Djurovic
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOslo, Norway
| | - S Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - P Hoffman
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center JuelichJuelich, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center JuelichJuelich, Germany
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of Edinburgh
| | - A Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of Bergen
- Kavli Research Centre for Aging and DementiaHaraldsplass Deaconess Hospital
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Oslo
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological PsychiatryCentre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen
| | - I J Deary
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Edinburgh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of Edinburgh
| | - S Le Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological PsychiatryCentre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luciano M, Mõttus R, Harris SE, Davies G, Payton A, Ollier WER, Horan MA, Starr JM, Porteous DJ, Pendleton N, Deary IJ. Predicting cognitive ability in ageing cohorts using Type 2 diabetes genetic risk. Diabet Med 2014; 31:714-20. [PMID: 24344862 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether there is overlap in the genetic determinants of Type 2 diabetes and cognitive ageing by testing whether a genetic risk score for Type 2 diabetes can predict variation in cognitive function in older people without dementia. METHODS Type 2 diabetes genetic risk scores were estimated using various single nucleotide polymorphism significance inclusion criteria from an initial genome-wide association study, the largest in Type 2 diabetes to date. Scores were available for 2775-3057 individuals, depending on the cognitive trait. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes genetic risk was associated with self-reported diabetes mellitus. Across varying single nucleotide polymorphism-inclusion levels, a significant association between Type 2 diabetes genetic risk and change in general cognitive function was found (median r = 0.04); however, this was such that higher Type 2 diabetes genetic risk related to higher cognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS To investigate more fully the source of the often observed comorbidity between Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment, one direction for future research will be to use cognitive ability polygenic risk scores to predict Type 2 diabetes in line with the reverse causation hypothesis that people with lower pre-morbid cognitive ability are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hill WD, Davies G, van de Lagemaat LN, Christoforou A, Marioni RE, Fernandes CPD, Liewald DC, Croning MDR, Payton A, Craig LCA, Whalley LJ, Horan M, Ollier W, Hansell NK, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Reinvang I, Starr JM, Pendleton N, Grant SGN, Bates TC, Deary IJ. Human cognitive ability is influenced by genetic variation in components of postsynaptic signalling complexes assembled by NMDA receptors and MAGUK proteins. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e341. [PMID: 24399044 PMCID: PMC3905224 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in general cognitive ability (intelligence) account for approximately half of the variation in any large battery of cognitive tests and are predictive of important life events including health. Genome-wide analyses of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that they jointly tag between a quarter and a half of the variance in intelligence. However, no single polymorphism has been reliably associated with variation in intelligence. It remains possible that these many small effects might be aggregated in networks of functionally linked genes. Here, we tested a network of 1461 genes in the postsynaptic density and associated complexes for an enriched association with intelligence. These were ascertained in 3511 individuals (the Cognitive Ageing Genetics in England and Scotland (CAGES) consortium) phenotyped for general cognitive ability, fluid cognitive ability, crystallised cognitive ability, memory and speed of processing. By analysing the results of a genome wide association study (GWAS) using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, a significant enrichment was found for fluid cognitive ability for the proteins found in the complexes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; P=0.002. Replication was sought in two additional cohorts (N=670 and 2062). A meta-analytic P-value of 0.003 was found when these were combined with the CAGES consortium. The results suggest that genetic variation in the macromolecular machines formed by membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffold proteins and their interaction partners contributes to variation in intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W D Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, The University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L N van de Lagemaat
- Genes to Cognition Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre for Neuroregeneration The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Christoforou
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Dr E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, The University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C P D Fernandes
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Dr E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M D R Croning
- Genes to Cognition Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre for Neuroregeneration The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L C A Craig
- Public Health Nutrition Research Group Section of Population Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L J Whalley
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N K Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V M Steen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Dr E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Le Hellard
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Dr E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldplass Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre for Neuroregeneration The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T C Bates
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Narayanan R, Fu B, Payton A, Hudson J, Oliver R, Anderson S, Siddals K, White A, Ollier W, Heald A, Gibson J. IGF2 Gene Polymorphisms and IGF-II Concentration are Determinants of Longitudinal Weight Trends in Type 2 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:361-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Fu
- School of Community-based Medicine
| | - A. Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research
| | | | | | | | | | - A. White
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical, Human and Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - W.E. Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vasant DH, Payton A, Mistry S, Thompson DG, Hamdy S. The val66met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with human esophageal hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:162-e85. [PMID: 23020799 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence implicates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in visceral hypersensitivity and pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We hypothesized that presence of the val66met polymorphism in the BDNF gene would be linked to increased esophageal sensitivity to electrical stimulation. METHODS A total of 39 healthy volunteers (20 males, mean age 30) compliant with inclusion criteria after screening procedures were genotyped for BDNF polymorphisms and completed an Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Sensory (ST) and pain (PT) thresholds in the proximal (PE) and distal (DE) esophagus were determined using electrical stimuli to a swallowed intraluminal catheter with bipolar electrodes by an investigator blinded to the subjects' genotype. For comparison, somatic ST and PT (hand and foot) were also tested. HADS scores together with esophageal and somatic thresholds were then correlated with BDNF polymorphism status. KEY RESULTS Eleven of 39 (28%) volunteers had at least one Met allele (Met carriers). When compared with Val/Val, Met carriers had lower esophageal PT (Median PT [mA]: Val/Val vs Met carriers, PE; 49.4 vs 44.3, P = 0.033, DE: 63.8 vs 55.4, P = 0.045) with higher proportion of Val/Val subjects in the upper quartile for PT in both PE (P = 0.021) and DE (P = 0.033), yet similar somatic PT (Median PT [mA] Hand; 33.6 vs 38.0, P = 0.22, Foot; 44.7 vs 44.0, P = 0.48). Sensitivity results were independent of anxiety (P = 0.66) and depression (P = 0.33) scores. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES val66met BDNF polymorphisms are associated with increased esophageal sensitivity to experimental electrical stimulation. Thus, BDNF genotype may be a useful biomarker for electrical sensitivity in the healthy human esophagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Vasant
- Gastrointestinal Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vinkhuyzen AAE, Pedersen NL, Yang J, Lee SH, Magnusson PKE, Iacono WG, McGue M, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Luciano M, Payton A, Horan M, Ollier W, Pendleton N, Deary IJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Visscher PM, Wray NR. Common SNPs explain some of the variation in the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e102. [PMID: 22832902 PMCID: PMC3337075 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion are predictive of a number of social and behavioural outcomes and psychiatric disorders. Twin and family studies have reported moderate heritability estimates for both traits. Few associations have been reported between genetic variants and neuroticism/extraversion, but hardly any have been replicated. Moreover, the ones that have been replicated explain only a small proportion of the heritability (<~2%). Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from ~12,000 unrelated individuals we estimated the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by variants in linkage disequilibrium with common SNPs as 0.06 (s.e. = 0.03) for neuroticism and 0.12 (s.e. = 0.03) for extraversion. In an additional series of analyses in a family-based sample, we show that while for both traits ~45% of the phenotypic variance can be explained by pedigree data (that is, expected genetic similarity) one third of this can be explained by SNP data (that is, realized genetic similarity). A part of the so-called 'missing heritability' has now been accounted for, but some of the reported heritability is still unexplained. Possible explanations for the remaining missing heritability are that: (i) rare variants that are not captured by common SNPs on current genotype platforms make a major contribution; and/ or (ii) the estimates of narrow sense heritability from twin and family studies are biased upwards, for example, by not properly accounting for nonadditive genetic factors and/or (common) environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A E Vinkhuyzen
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - N L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Yang
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S H Lee
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - P A F Madden
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Payton
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Horan
- School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Pendleton
- School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P M Visscher
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N R Wray
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Narayanan R, Anderson S, Fu B, Payton A, White A, Ollier W, Gibson J, Heald A. P1.29 AN IGF2 RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISM MODULATES BLOOD PRESSURE TRENDS OVER TIME IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. Artery Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
27
|
Dunham JS, Deakin JFW, Miyajima F, Payton A, Toro CT. Expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors in Stanley consortium brains. J Psychiatr Res 2009; 43:1175-84. [PMID: 19376528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate BDNF in the pathophysiology of psychiatric illness. BDNF polymorphisms have also been associated with the risk of schizophrenia and mood disorders. We therefore investigated whether levels of (pro)BDNF and receptor proteins, TrkB and p75, are altered in hippocampus in schizophrenia and mood disorder and whether polymorphisms in each gene influenced protein expression. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded hippocampal sections from subjects with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and non-psychiatric controls were obtained from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium. (pro)BDNF, TrkB(T1) and p75 protein densities were quantified by immunoautoradiography and DNA extracted from each subject was used to determine the effect of genotype on protein expression. In MDD, reductions in (pro)BDNF were seen in all layers of the right but not the left hippocampus with no changes in the dentate gyrus. The pattern was similar but less marked for BPD. In addition, BPD but not MDD patients, had bilateral reductions in p75 in hippocampal layers but not in dentate gyrus. No changes in TrkB(T1) density were seen in any diagnosis. These findings suggest MDD and BPD may share impairment in (pro)BDNF expression. However, BPD may involve impairments of both (pro)BDNF and p75 receptor, whereas MDD may involve impaired (pro)BDNF alone. Moreover, the lateralisation of changes may indicate a role of asymmetry in vulnerability to MDD. Hippocampal (pro)BDNF and receptor levels were also affected by genotype, suggesting that allelic variations are important in the hippocampal abnormalities seen in these psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Dunham
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, G700, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luciano M, Miyajima F, Lind PA, Bates TC, Horan M, Harris SE, Wright MJ, Ollier WE, Hayward C, Pendleton N, Gow AJ, Visscher PM, Starr JM, Deary IJ, Martin NG, Payton A. Variation in the dysbindin gene and normal cognitive function in three independent population samples. Genes Brain Behav 2008; 8:218-27. [PMID: 19077176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between DTNBP1 genotype and cognitive abilities was investigated in three population samples (1054 Scottish, 1806 Australian and 745 English) of varying age. There was evidence in each of the cohorts for association (P < 0.05) to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes previously shown to relate to cognition. By comparison with previous findings, these associations included measures of memory, and there was at best equivocal evidence of association with general cognitive ability. Of the SNPs typed in all three cohorts, rs2619528 and rs1011313 showed significant association with measures of executive function in two cohorts, rs1018381 showed significant association with verbal ability in one cohort and rs2619522 showed significance/marginal significance with tests of memory, speed and executive function in two cohorts. For all these SNPs, the direction and magnitude of the allelic effects were consistent between cohorts and with previous findings. In the English cohort, a previously untested SNP (rs742105) located in a distinct haplotype block upstream of the other SNPs showed the strongest significance (P < 0.01) for measures of memory but weaker significance for general cognitive ability. Our results therefore support involvement of the dysbindin gene in cognitive function, but further work is needed to clarify the specific functional variants involved and the cognitive abilities with which they are associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miyajima F, Quinn JP, Horan M, Pickles A, Ollier WE, Pendleton N, Payton A. Additive effect of BDNF and REST polymorphisms is associated with improved general cognitive ability. Genes Brain Behav 2008; 7:714-9. [PMID: 18518926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pleiotropic protein involved in neuronal proliferation, differentiation, synaptic plasticity and survival. Independent studies investigating association between the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and cognitive abilities have reported some conflicting findings, which may reflect inadequate sample size, variation in testing methods, population stratification or the confounding effects of other genes. To test the latter hypothesis, we screened and genotyped polymorphisms in the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) gene whose function includes the downregulation of BDNF expression. We identified an exon 4 hexadecapeptide variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) with either four or five copies that was located within a proline-rich domain and investigated a further five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using a cohort of 746 community-dwelling older volunteers, we analysed REST genotype data both independently and in combination with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. A haplotype within the REST gene containing the four copy VNTR and a non-synonymous SNP showed a weak but significant association with a higher score of general intelligence (P = 0.05). Analysis of this haplotype and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in combination showed a significant interaction (global P-value = 0.0003) with an additive increase in cognitive performance for those possessing the BDNF Val66 allele and the REST haplotype containing the four copy repeat (P = 0.004). The REST haplotypes in combination with the BDNF Met66 polymorphism did not reduce cognitive performance more than the independent influence of the Met66 allele. Our results suggest that investigation of a common REST polymorphism may be necessary to help reduce contrasting reports based around BDNF Val66Met and cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Miyajima
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ashworth JJ, Smyth JV, Pendleton N, Horan M, Payton A, Worthington J, Ollier WE, Ashcroft GS. Polymorphisms spanning the 0N exon and promoter of the estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) gene ESR2 are associated with venous ulceration. Clin Genet 2007; 73:55-61. [PMID: 18070128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Venous ulcers are characterized by excessive inflammation and raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Estrogen has been shown to accelerate the rate of wound healing in elderly subjects by dampening the inflammatory response. The estrogen receptor (ER) proteins, ER-alpha (ERalpha) and ER-beta (ERbeta) mediate the actions of estrogen during wound repair through the activation or repression of target gene transcription. Recent evidence implicates the chromosomal region harboring the ERbeta gene with venous ulceration in a British Caucasian population, highlighting the need to conduct further genetic interrogation. To address this, we conducted a case-control study to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ERbeta gene are associated with venous ulceration in elderly (age >50 years) subjects. We recruited a case group (n = 124, 56 males and 68 females) consisting of patients with an active venous ulcer and a control group consisting of individuals from the general population with no evidence of venous disease or history of venous ulceration (n = 380, 189 males and 191 females). Polymorphisms in close proximity to upstream regulatory regions of the ERbeta gene, including the 0N exon and promoter transcribed in inflammatory cells, were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with venous ulceration. A major susceptibility haplotype carried by 23% (26/112) of cases compared with only 10% (27/276) of controls (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.6-5.0) was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In conclusion, common variation in the regulatory regions of the ERbeta gene may pre-dispose to venous ulceration in a British Caucasian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Ashworth
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miyajima F, Ollier W, Mayes A, Jackson A, Thacker N, Rabbitt P, Pendleton N, Horan M, Payton A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphism Val66Met influences cognitive abilities in the elderly. Genes Brain Behav 2007; 7:411-7. [PMID: 17973920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A functional brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism (Val66Met) that alters activity-dependent secretion has previously been reported to influence cognitive functioning. A large proportion of these reports suggest that the Met allele, which results in reduced secretion of BDNF, impairs long-term memory as a direct consequence of its influence on hippocampal function but has little influence on working memory. In contrast, other studies have found that the Met allele can also play a protective role in certain neurological conditions and is associated with improved non-verbal reasoning skills in the elderly suggesting effects that appear disease, domain and age specific. We have investigated six haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a cohort of 722 elderly individuals who have completed cognitive tests that measured the domains of fluid intelligence, processing speed and memory. We found that the presence of the Met allele reduced cognitive performance on all cognitive tests. This reached nominal significance for tests of processing speed (P = 0.001), delayed recall (P = 0.037) and general intelligence (g) (P = 0.008). No association was observed between cognitive tests and any other SNPs once the Val66Met was adjusted for. Our results support initial findings that the Met allele is associated with reduced cognitive functioning. We found no evidence that the Met allele plays a protective role in older non-demented individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging data collected from a subgroup of 61 volunteers showed that the left and right hippocampus were 5.0% and 3.9% smaller, respectively, in those possessing the Met allele, although only a non-significant trend was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Miyajima
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in the elderly, caused by either normal ageing process or dementia, is an increasing problem in developed countries that has enormous social and economic considerations. Research investigating the genetic basis of cognition is a new and rapidly developing field that may aid in the development of new treatments for age-related cognitive deficit. Over the past 6 years, a number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been associated with cognitive functioning in humans including loci within the genes catechol-o-methyltransferase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, muscle segment homeobox 1, serotonin transporter 2A (HTR2A), cholinergic muscarinic receptor 2, cathepsin D, metabotrophic glutamate receptor and most recently the class II human leukocyte antigens. Unfortunately, inconsistency within the literature, which is a hallmark of almost all association studies investigating complex diseases and traits, is casting doubt as to which genes are truly associated with cognition and which are a result of Type 2 error. This review will highlight implicated intelligence QTLs, examine the probable reasons for the current discrepancies between reports and discuss the potential advantages that may be procured from the study of cognitive genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Stopford building, University of Manchester, Oxford road, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Davidson Y, Gibbons L, Pritchard A, Hardicre J, Wren J, Tian J, Shi J, Stopford C, Julien C, Thompson J, Payton A, Thaker U, Hayes AJ, Iwatsubo T, Pickering-Brown SM, Pendleton N, Horan MA, Burns A, Purandare N, Lendon CL, Neary D, Snowden JS, Mann DMA. Genetic associations between cathepsin D exon 2 C-->T polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease, and pathological correlations with genotype. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:515-7. [PMID: 16543533 PMCID: PMC2077521 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.063917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations represent major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While familial early onset AD is associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and presenilin genes, only the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has so far been established as a genetic risk factor for late onset familial and sporadic AD. It has been suggested that the C-->T (224Ala-->Val) transition within exon 2 of the cathepsin D gene (CTSD) might represent a risk factor for late onset AD. The objective of this study was to investigate whether possession of the CTSD exon 2 T allele increases the risk of developing AD, and to determine whether this modulates the amyloid pathology of the disease in conjunction with, or independent of, the APOE e4 allele. Blood samples were obtained from 412 patients with possible or probable AD and brain tissues from a further 148 patients with AD confirmed by postmortem examination. CTSD and APOE genotyping were performed by PCR on DNA extracted from blood, or from frontal cortex or cerebellum in the postmortem cases. Pathological measures of amyloid beta protein (Abeta), as plaque Abeta40 and Abeta42(3) load and degree of cerebral amyloid angiopathy were made by image analysis or semiquantitative rating, respectively. CTSD genotype frequencies in AD were not significantly different from those in control subjects, nor did these differ between cases of early or late onset AD or between younger and older controls. There was no gene interaction between the CTSD T and APOE e4 alleles. The amount of plaque Abeta40 was greater in patients carrying the CTSD T allele than in non-carriers, and in patients bearing APOE e4 allele compared with non-carriers. Possession of both these alleles acted synergistically to increase levels of plaque Abeta40, especially in those individuals who were homozygous for the APOE e4 allele. Possession of the CTSD T allele had no effect on plaque Abeta42(3) load or degree of CAA. Possession of the CTSD T allele does not increase the risk of developing AD per se, but has a modulating effect on the pathogenesis of the disorder by increasing, in concert with the APOE e4 allele, the amount of Abeta deposited as senile plaques in the brain in the form of Abeta40.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Davidson
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Payton A, van den Boogerd E, Davidson Y, Gibbons L, Ollier W, Rabbitt P, Worthington J, Horan M, Pendleton N. Influence and interactions of cathepsin D, HLA-DRB1 and APOE on cognitive abilities in an older non-demented population. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2006; 5 Suppl 1:23-31. [PMID: 16417614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CTSD), human leukocyte antigen DRB1 (HLA-DRB1) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) have all been associated with cognitive ability in both demented and non-demented individuals. CTSD is a pleiotrophic protein whose functions include the processing of proteins prior to presentation by HLA. Several studies have also reported that a functional exon 2 polymorphism in the CTSD gene interacts with APOEepsilon4 resulting in an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously reported that the CTSD exon 2 polymorphism regulates fluid intelligence. In this study, we extend this finding to other cognitive domains and investigate interactions with APOE and HLA-DRB1. Using a cohort of 766 non-demented volunteers, we found that the CTSD exon 2 T allele was associated with a decrease in several cognitive domains that comprise processing speed [random letters (RLs) test, P = 0.012; alphabet-coding task (ACT), P = 0.001], spatial recall (SR) (P = 0.016) and an additional test of fluid intelligence (P = 0.010). We also observed that the HLA-DR1 was associated with enhanced cumulative recall ability (P = 0.006), and conversely HLA-DR5 was associated with diminished delayed verbal recall and SR abilities (P = 0.014 and P = 0.003, respectively). When analysed independently, APOEepsilon4 did not influence any cognitive domains. In contrast, CTSD T/APOEepsilon4-positive volunteers scored lower on tests of fluid intelligence (P = 0.015), processing speed (ACT, P = 0.001; RL, P = 0.013) and immediate recall (P = 0.029). Scores were lower for all these tests than when CTSD and APOE were analysed independently. This supports previous findings in AD that have also reported an epistatic interaction. In addition, we found that CTSD T/HLA-DR2-positive volunteers had reduced processing speed (ACT, P = 0.040; RL, P = 0.014) and had significantly lower cumulative and SR abilities (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Biological interaction between these two proteins has previously been shown where HLA-DR2 binds more readily to the myelin basic protein (MBP) compared with other DR antigens, preventing MBP cleavage by CTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Stopford building, University of Manchester, Oxford road, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Srinivasan R, Davidson Y, Gibbons L, Payton A, Richardson AMT, Varma A, Julien C, Stopford C, Thompson J, Horan MA, Pendleton N, Pickering-Brown SM, Neary D, Snowden JS, Mann DMA. The apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele selectively increases the risk of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in males. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:154-8. [PMID: 16421115 PMCID: PMC2077587 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.063966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether polymorphic variations in the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) are associated with increased risk of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) when mutation in tau gene is absent. METHODS The APOE gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction from DNA routinely extracted from blood or brain tissues. The APOE epsilon4 allele frequency in 198 patients with FTLD not associated with mutations in tau gene was compared with that of a control group of 756 normal individuals drawn from the same geographical region. Analyses were done according to clinical subtype or sex. RESULTS The APOE epsilon4 allele frequency (19.4%) was increased (p = 0.01) in FTLD v the whole control group (14.1%), while the APOE epsilon2 allele frequency in FTLD (6.5%) was slightly lower than in controls (8.0%) (NS). The APOE epsilon4 allele frequency in men with FTLD (22.3%) was greater (p = 0.002) than in male controls (12.3%); the frequency in women (16.3%) was similar to that in female controls (14.8%) (NS). The APOE epsilon2 allele frequency in men with FTLD was 4.9% while in male controls it was 9.5% (p = 0.06), but there was no difference in women (7.5% v 7.9%, NS). Neither the APOE epsilon2 nor APOE epsilon4 allele frequency varied significantly between any of the clinical subtypes. CONCLUSIONS In FTLD not associated with mutations in tau gene, possession of APOE epsilon4 allele in men roughly doubles the chances of developing disease, whereas this has no impact upon disease risk in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Srinivasan
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Payton A, Gibbons L, Davidson Y, Ollier W, Rabbitt P, Worthington J, Pickles A, Pendleton N, Horan M. Influence of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms on cognitive decline and cognitive abilities in a nondemented elderly population. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:1133-9. [PMID: 16103887 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the serotonergic pathway disrupts normal cognitive functioning and is believed to be the underlying basis for a variety of psychiatric disorders. Two functional polymorphisms within the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene (promoter 44 bp insertion/deletion (HTTLPR) and an intron two 16 or 17 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR2)) have been extensively studied in psychiatric conditions but not in the cognitive functioning of normal individuals. We have investigated these two polymorphisms for association with both the level of cognitive abilities and their decline with age using a cohort consisting of over 750 elderly nondemented individuals with a follow-up of up to 15 years. We found that volunteers homozygous for the VNTR2 12 allele had a faster rate of decline for all cognitive tests. This reached significance for both tests of fluid intelligence (novel problem solving) (AH1 P=0.002, AH2 P=0.014), the test of semantic memory (P=0.010) and general cognitive ability (P=0.006). No association was observed between the HTTLPR polymorphism and the rate of cognitive decline when analysed either independently or in combination with the VNTR2 polymorphism based on their influence on expression in vitro. No associations were observed between the two polymorphisms and the baseline level of cognitive abilities. This is only the second gene that has been reported to regulate the rate of cognitive decline in nondemented individuals and may be a target for the treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stevenson J, Langley K, Pay H, Payton A, Worthington J, Ollier W, Thapar A. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with reading disabilities: preliminary genetic findings on the involvement of the ADRA2A gene. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46:1081-8. [PMID: 16178932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) tend to co-occur and quantitative genetic studies have shown this to arise primarily through shared genetic influences. However, molecular genetic studies have shown different genes to be associated with each of these conditions. Neurobiological studies have implicated noradrenergic function in the aetiology of ADHD that is comorbid with RD. This paper examines the neurobiological evidence and presents preliminary testing of the hypothesis that the ADRA2A receptor gene is contributing to ADHD and comorbid RD. METHODS One hundred and fifty-two children (140 boys, 12 girls) of British Caucasian origin, aged between 6 and 13 years and with a diagnosis of ADHD, were recruited. The children's reading ability was tested. Children were identified as having ADHD or ADHD plus RD (n=82). DNA was available for 110 parent child trios and 42 parent child duos. Genotyping was undertaken for an ADRA2A polymorphism. RESULTS For those with ADHD plus RD there was evidence of association with the alpha 2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) polymorphism with the G allele being preferentially transmitted. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary evidence together with other neurobiological research findings suggests that the ADRA2A gene may contribute to comorbid ADHD and RD and needs to be properly examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Stevenson
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Strickland PL, John S, Payton A, Worthington J, Ollier WER, Deakin JFW. Do genetic polymorphisms of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission influence function in humans? Am J Med Genet A 2003; 120A:566-7. [PMID: 12884442 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
39
|
Payton A, Holland F, Diggle P, Rabbitt P, Horan M, Davidson Y, Gibbons L, Worthington J, Ollier WER, Pendleton N. Cathepsin D exon 2 polymorphism associated with general intelligence in a healthy older population. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:14-8. [PMID: 12556904 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
General intelligence is a heritable trait that is a risk factor for both the onset of dementia and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older persons. Previous studies screening for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence general intelligence in healthy individuals have identified four loci, two of which are located within the genes insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) and the Msx1 homeobox. Here, we report the finding of another QTL associated with general intelligence that is located within exon 2 of the cathepsin D (CTSD) gene. A group of 767 healthy adults with a follow-up period of over 15 years have been analyzed for cross-sectional and longitudinal trends in cognitive change using the Heim intelligence test score (AH4-1). We observed a significant association (P = 0.01) between a functional C > T (Ala > Val) transition within exon 2 of the CTSD gene that increases the secretion of pro-CTSD from the cell, and the AH4-1 score at initial testing on entry to the longitudinal study. Interestingly, CTSD is transported by IGF2R from the trans Golgi network to the lysosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Manchester University, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Payton A, Holmes J, Barrett JH, Sham P, Harrington R, McGuffin P, Owen M, Ollier W, Worthington J, Thapar A. Susceptibility genes for a trait measure of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study in a non-clinical sample of twins. Psychiatry Res 2001; 105:273-8. [PMID: 11814546 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder, and molecular genetic studies are underway, with most researchers focusing on identifying susceptibility genes in clinical samples with ADHD. An alternative approach is to search for quantitative trait loci underlying the trait measure of ADHD in non-clinical samples. Positive findings of association of the dopamine transporter DAT1 480 bp allele (allele 10) and the DRD4 7 repeat allele with clinical ADHD have been previously reported. In this pilot study, we examined these polymorphisms in a selected population-based sample of twins (50 high scoring pairs, 42 low scoring pairs). There was a trend for an increase in the frequency of the dopamine receptor DRD4 7 repeat allele in the high-scoring concordant monozygotic twins (odds ratio=1.4). Although this result was not statistically significant, the frequency of the 7 repeat allele was similar to that reported for our clinic sample of ADHD patients drawn from the same geographical area. There was a non-significant trend for an increased frequency of the DAT1 allele 10 (odds ratio=1.3). These results suggest that a molecular genetic study based on a questionnaire-derived measure of ADHD in a non-clinical sample is feasible and the results appear to be comparable with those from studies of clinical cases. However, sample size and power are key issues to consider when using this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- ARC Epidemiology Unit and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kent L, Green E, Holmes J, Thapar A, Gill M, Hawi Z, Fitzgerald M, Asherson P, Curran S, Mills J, Payton A, Craddock N. No association between CHRNA7 microsatellite markers and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:686-9. [PMID: 11803515 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable, common psychiatric disorder of childhood that probably involves several genes. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that the nicotinic system may be functionally significant in ADHD. First, nicotine promotes the release of dopamine and has been shown to improve attention in adults with ADHD, smokers, and nonsmokers. Second, ADHD is a significant risk factor for early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and maternal cigarette smoking appears to be a risk factor for ADHD. Finally, animal studies in rats and monkeys also suggest that nicotine may be involved in attentional systems and locomotor activity. The nicotinic system has previously been studied in schizophrenia where the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit gene (CHRNA7) has been implicated in decreased P50 inhibition and attentional disturbances in patients with schizophrenia and in many of their nonschizophrenic relatives. Three known microsatellite markers (D15S165, D15S1043, and D15S1360) near the nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7 receptor gene, CHRNA7, were studied in 206 ADHD parent-proband trios of children aged 5-16 with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. Children with known major medical or psychiatric conditions or mental retardation (IQ < 70) were excluded from the study. Markers D15S165 and D15S1360 were in linkage disequilibrium. The extended Transmission Disequilibrium Test analyses demonstrated no evidence that variation at the microsatellite markers D15S1360, D15S1043, and D15S165 influences susceptibility to ADHD. However, it remains possible that the CHRNA7 gene and other nicotinic system genes may be involved in conferring susceptibility to ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Kent
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Payton A, Holmes J, Barrett JH, Hever T, Fitzpatrick H, Trumper AL, Harrington R, McGuffin P, O'Donovan M, Owen M, Ollier W, Worthington J, Thapar A. Examining for association between candidate gene polymorphisms in the dopamine pathway and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family-based study. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:464-70. [PMID: 11449400 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood-onset psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The pathophysiology of ADHD is currently unknown. However, the therapeutic effects of stimulant medication together with findings from animal and neuroimaging studies as well as from several molecular genetic studies of the dopamine receptor D4 gene and dopamine transporter gene have implicated involvement of the dopaminergic system. To test the dopaminergic hypothesis further, we have looked for association between ADHD and alleles of seven dopamine-related candidate genes using a family-based association approach in a sample of 150 children diagnosed with ADHD. We tested polymorphisms in genes encoding three dopamine receptors (DRD3, DRD4, and DRD5) and four dopamine-relevant enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)], dopamine beta hydroxylase (DbetaH), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). We were unable to detect a significant association with any of the polymorphisms genotyped, although there was a trend for preferential transmission of the DRD5 148 bp marker allele and the MAOA 122 bp marker allele. We conclude that none of the alleles we have tested makes a major contribution to ADHD, although much larger samples are required to exclude small effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Holmes J, Payton A, Barrett JH, Hever T, Fitzpatrick H, Trumper AL, Harrington R, McGuffin P, Owen M, Ollier W, Worthington J, Thapar A. A family-based and case-control association study of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and dopamine transporter gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:523-30. [PMID: 11032386 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable psychiatric condition of early childhood onset characterised by marked inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Molecular genetic investigations of ADHD have found positive associations with the 480-bp allele of a VNTR situated in the 3' untranslated region of DAT1 and allele 7 of a VNTR in exon 3 of DRD4. A number of independent studies have attempted to replicate these findings but the results have been inconsistent. We used both family-based and case control approaches to examine these polymorphisms in a sample of 137 children diagnosed with ICD-10, DSM-IV or DSM-III-R ADHD. We found no evidence of association with the DAT1 polymorphism, despite a sample size that has up to 80% power to detect a previously reported effect size. We observed a significant increase in the DRD4 7 repeat allele amongst ADHD probands (21.7%) and their parents (18.9% in mothers, 22.3% in fathers), compared to ethnically matched controls (12.8%). However TDT analysis showed no preferential transmission of allele 7 to ADHD probands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Holmes
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Murdoch ME, Payton A, Abiose A, Thomson W, Panicker VK, Dyer PA, Jones BR, Maizels RM, Ollier WE. HLA-DQ alleles associate with cutaneous features of onchocerciasis. The Kaduna-London-Manchester Collaboration for Research on Onchocerciasis. Hum Immunol 1997; 55:46-52. [PMID: 9328789 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Onchocerciasis is associated with a spectrum of cutaneous changes, ranging from clinically normal skin to acute and chronic pathology. An important aspect of disease expression may be the level of immune response to parasite antigens, which is likely to be regulated by MHC-encoded molecules. We therefore investigated HLA class I and class II phenotypes in Nigerian residents of an area endemic for onchocerciasis. All study subjects were carefully characterized for parasite load and skin pathology. Individuals with depigmentation had increased frequencies of DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0301 compared with persons with normal skin and high microfilarial load (NSHMF) (Odds Ratios 3.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 13.2) and 3.8 (1.0 to 15.2), respectively). Conversely, individuals with depigmentation had a decreased frequency of DQA1*0101 and Cw6 compared with NSHMF (Odds Ratios 0.2 (0.1 to 0.9) and 0.1 (0.02 to 0.8), respectively). When NSHMF subjects were examined by age, a further decrease in DQA1*0501 frequency and increase in DQA1*0101 frequency were observed in older NSHMF individuals. These results strongly suggest that there is an immunogenetic basis for the spectrum of cutaneous presentations in onchocerciasis and that HLA-DQ molecules are associated with the level of immune response to parasite antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Murdoch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thomson W, Pepper L, Payton A, Carthy D, Scott D, Ollier W, Silman A, Symmons D. Absence of an association between HLA-DRB1*04 and rheumatoid arthritis in newly diagnosed cases from the community. Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52:539-41. [PMID: 8346982 PMCID: PMC1005095 DOI: 10.1136/ard.52.7.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine HLA-DR4 and DR1 allele frequencies in a series of patients with newly diagnosed early inflammatory arthritis. METHODS HLA-DR1 and DR4 frequencies were determined by oligonucleotide typing of 208 patients classified as having either rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or undifferentiated inflammatory polyarthritis. RESULTS The frequency of occurrence of DR4 in these patients with RA did not differ significantly from that in controls in the United Kingdom (42 v 37%). HLA-DR1 was increased in the group with inflammatory polyarthritis (25 v 18%). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of DR4 is not increased in newly diagnosed community based patients with RA. This supports the hypothesis that DR4 is less important as a marker for susceptibility to RA than it is for disease persistence or severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Thomson
- ARC Epidemiology Research Unit, Manchester Medical School, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|