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Villeneuve C, Hashmi A, Ylivinkka I, Lawson-Keister E, Miroshnikova YA, Pérez-González C, Myllymäki SM, Bertillot F, Yadav B, Zhang T, Matic Vignjevic D, Mikkola ML, Manning ML, Wickström SA. Mechanical forces across compartments coordinate cell shape and fate transitions to generate tissue architecture. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:207-218. [PMID: 38302719 PMCID: PMC10866703 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Morphogenesis and cell state transitions must be coordinated in time and space to produce a functional tissue. An excellent paradigm to understand the coupling of these processes is mammalian hair follicle development, which is initiated by the formation of an epithelial invagination-termed placode-that coincides with the emergence of a designated hair follicle stem cell population. The mechanisms directing the deformation of the epithelium, cell state transitions and physical compartmentalization of the placode are unknown. Here we identify a key role for coordinated mechanical forces stemming from contractile, proliferative and proteolytic activities across the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments in generating the placode structure. A ring of fibroblast cells gradually wraps around the placode cells to generate centripetal contractile forces, which, in collaboration with polarized epithelial myosin activity, promote elongation and local tissue thickening. These mechanical stresses further enhance compartmentalization of Sox9 expression to promote stem cell positioning. Subsequently, proteolytic remodelling locally softens the basement membrane to facilitate a release of pressure on the placode, enabling localized cell divisions, tissue fluidification and epithelial invagination into the underlying mesenchyme. Together, our experiments and modelling identify dynamic cell shape transformations and tissue-scale mechanical cooperation as key factors for orchestrating organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Villeneuve
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Ylivinkka
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos Pérez-González
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabien Bertillot
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Hashmi A, Tlili S, Perrin P, Lowndes M, Peradziryi H, Brickman JM, Martínez Arias A, Lenne PF. Cell-state transitions and collective cell movement generate an endoderm-like region in gastruloids. eLife 2022; 11:59371. [PMID: 35404233 PMCID: PMC9033300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaping the animal body plan is a complex process that involves the spatial organization and patterning of the different germ layers. Recent advances in live imaging have started to unravel the cellular choreography underlying this process in mammals, however, the sequence of events transforming an unpatterned cell ensemble into structured territories is largely unknown. Here, using gastruloids –3D aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells- we study the formation of one of the three germ layers, the endoderm. We show that the endoderm is generated from an epiblast-like homogeneous state by a three-step mechanism: (i) a loss of E-cadherin mediated contacts in parts of the aggregate leading to the appearance of islands of E-cadherin expressing cells surrounded by cells devoid of E-cadherin, (ii) a separation of these two populations with islands of E-cadherin expressing cells flowing toward the aggregate tip, and (iii) their differentiation into an endoderm population. During the flow, the islands of E-cadherin expressing cells are surrounded by cells expressing T-Brachyury, reminiscent of the process occurring at the primitive streak. Consistent with recent in vivo observations, the endoderm formation in the gastruloids does not require an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, but rather a maintenance of an epithelial state for a subset of cells coupled with fragmentation of E-cadherin contacts in the vicinity, and a sorting process. Our data emphasize the role of signaling and tissue flows in the establishment of the body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- IBDM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sham Tlili
- IBDM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Perrin
- IBDM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Molly Lowndes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanna Peradziryi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Imran N, Aamer I, Afzal H, Hashmi A, Shabbir B, Asif A. Psychiatric impact on COVID-19 patients isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2022; 28:5-13. [DOI: 10.26719/emhj.21.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adverse psychological effects have been associated with COVID-19-related disease containment measures, but little is known about the psychiatric symptoms and distress. Aims: This study aimed to explore and understand the psychiatric symptoms and distress in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients isolated and quarantined in hospital. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted in the COVID-19 units of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; 114 out of 160 adult patients were assessed by telephone using validated scales (Stress Reactions and Adjustment Disorder Checklist, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Insomnia Severity Index) and a few open-ended questions about expectations and anticipated areas of need during hospitalization, including experiences with isolation. Results: The prevalence of adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, anxiety, depressive symptoms and insomnia was 67.5%, 3.5%, 16.7%, 18.4%, and 29.8% respectively. One male patient tried to commit suicide during the study period. Fear, anger, low mood, anxiety and sleep disturbances were the most notable psychological consequences in qualitative the responses. Inadequate communication, poor ward facilities, concerns about the health of family members and financial problems were the most commonly identified factors leading to distress. Conclusion: Our results show alarmingly high levels of stress-related symptoms – insomnia, depression and anxiety–among COVID-19 confirmed or suspected hospitalized patients. There is a need to incorporate psychological services in the acute phase of illness for prompt recognition and management of psychiatric problems.
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Raheja H, Waheed M, Harris C, Patel N, Hashmi A, Kundal S, Patel J, Malik B, Frankel R, Shani J. Racial disparities in the use of mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Racial bias has always been a concern for healthcare. Lack of guideline directed utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in cardiogenic shock (CS) may lead to implicit and racial bias.
Purpose
To identify the racial differences in the use of mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock and its association with outcomes.
Methods
National Inpatient Database from 2015–2018 using ICD 10 codes was used. Patients >18 years of age admitted for cariogenic shock were included.
Results
Among 1,021,274 patients hospitalized for cardiogenic shock, overall MCS was utilized in 11.4% (N=116,539). Use of MCS for patients stratified by race was 12.2% white (N=85543), 8% Blacks (N=14688), 11.3% Hispanics (N=11067), 13.8% Asian (N=4417), 12.3% Native American (N=825). IABP was the most commonly used MCS device, followed by Impella, ECMO and LVAD. Overall odds of MCS insertion was significantly higher in white population [1.18 (1.13–1.23) <0.001] and significantly lower in Blacks [0.65 (0.61–0.69) <0.001] and Hispanics [0.89 (0.83–0.97) 0.004]. Among black patients with CS requiring MCS, odds of LVAD insertion were similar compared to other races [1.03 (0.89–1.19) 0.714], while odds of all other types of MCS devices including ECMO [0.83 (0.72–0.95) 0.009], IABP [0.63 (0.59–0.68) <0.001] and Impella [0.61 (0.54–0.70) <0.001] were significantly lower compared to other races. This trend also holds true for patients with CS associated with acute myocardial infarction. Among all patients with CS, the odds of mortality were significantly lower among white patients [0.92 (0.90–0.95) <0.001], on the contrary, odds of mortality were significantly higher in Blacks [1.06 (1.02–1.10) 0.001] and Asians [1.11 (1.02–1.20) 0.012]. Interestingly, when only comparing patients who underwent MCS utilization for CS, odds of mortality were similar in black population compared to other races. [1.03 (0.91–1.17) 0.636].
Conclusion(s)
There still exist significant racial differences in the use of mechanical circulatory devices for cardiogenic shock potentially leading to significantly higher mortality in black population compared to whites. This difference in mortality is mitigated with equal use of MCS devices in cardiogenic shock among all races.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Raheja
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - M Waheed
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - C Harris
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - N Patel
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - A Hashmi
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - S Kundal
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - J Patel
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - B Malik
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - R Frankel
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
| | - J Shani
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States of America
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5
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Bowen R, Hashmi A, Lewis J, Hassani A, Mohanraj R, Mott J, Pearson R. PO-1398 SRS for brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma; UK tertiary referral centre 5-year experience. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Rahnemai-Azar A, Rajeswaran H, Hashmi A, Kondray V, Al-Natour M, Davidson J. Abstract No. 189 Characteristics of patients who died or underwent hospice care after inferior vena cava filter placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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7
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Hashmi A, Al-Natour M, Azar N, Sutter C, Davidson J, Tavri S. Abstract No. 589 Assessing the role of interventional radiology during the initial phase of COVID-19: a large health system experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8079606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Rahnemai-Azar A, Rajeswaran H, Hashmi A, Kondray V, Walker L, Al-Natour M, Davidson J. Abstract No. 542 Factors associated with increased fluoroscopy time during inferior vena cava retrieval procedure. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Imran N, Afzal H, Aamer I, Hashmi A, Shabbir B, Asif A, Farooq S. Scarlett Letter: A study based on experience of stigma by COVID-19 patients in quarantine. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1471-1477. [PMID: 33235559 PMCID: PMC7674879 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.7.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Stigma around COVID-19 is a major barrier in global efforts to control the COVID 19 pandemic. Limited data is available regarding stigma faced by COVID-19 patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The aim of the current study was to explore the stigma experienced by hospitalized patients with COVID-19 illness in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods Following Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, patients were assessed using modified HIV short form stigma scale and open-ended questions. Questions focused on experiences, feelings, and opinions as to how patients feel and how they were treated prior to and during the hospitalization. Data analysis for quantitative data was performed using SPSS-20, while qualitative responses were interpreted by content analysis method. Results One hundred and fourteen patients were interviewed (Mean age 38.8 years + 15.3) with 53.5% being males. Widespread experience of stigma was reported by patients particularly for concerns about public attitudes (7.43 + 1.43) & disclosure (6.89 + 1.45). Main themes which emerged from the qualitative responses were social stigma and rejection, humiliating behaviour of others, breach of confidentiality, loss of trust/ respect, and impact of COVID-19 diagnosis on their business. Conclusions Existence of significant stigma among COVID-19 patients isolated in a tertiary care hospital in a LMIC highlights the need for culturally sensitive strategies to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Imran
- Nazish Imran, MBBS; FRCPsych (London); MRCPsych (London); MHPE. Associate Professor, Department of Child and Family Psychiatry, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Afzal
- Hadia Afzal, MBBS. Postgraduate Resident, Academic Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irum Aamer
- Irum Aamer, MBBS; FCPS. Senior Registrar, Academic Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Ali Madeeh Hashmi, MBBS, MD (USA), DABPN (USA), FAPA (USA), Associate Professor, Academic Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilquis Shabbir
- Bilquis Shabbir, MBBS; FCPS (Pak), Chairperson and Professor, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Asif
- Aftab Asif, MBBS.MRCPsych. Chairman and Professor, Academic Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Farooq
- Saeed Farooq. MBBS; FCPS (Psych); MCPS (Psych), PhD. Professor of Psychiatry and Public Mental Health, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Staffordshire, UK
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10
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West N, Pearson R, Hashmi A, Jiang X, Ogilvie A, Simmons T. PO-1250: Palliation of vertebral metastases and cord compressions: single field or VMAT? Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Meldon S, Saxena S, Muir M, Briskin I, Masciarelli McFarland A, Delgado F, Hashmi A. 362 The Effect of Geriatric Consultation on Admission Rates of Older Patients in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Rahnemai-Azar A, Azeze S, Rajeswaran H, Hashmi A, Walker L, Davidson J, Al-Natour M. Abstract No. 671 The effect of inferior vena cava size on filter complications: one size does not fit all. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Truong A, Hashmi A, Banu S, Williams L. Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents. Psychiatr Ann 2019. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20190507-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Garnick D, Horgan C, Mark TL, Lee M, Acevedo A, Neager S, O'Brien P, Hashmi A, Marder B, Miller K. The importance of identification when measuring performance in addiction treatment. Subst Abus 2019; 40:263-267. [PMID: 30913002 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1580240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identifying and effectively treating individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) is an important priority for state Medicaid programs, given the enormous toll that SUDs take on individuals, their families, and their communities. In this paper, we describe how the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measure "Identification of Alcohol and Other Drug Services" can be used, along with eligible population prevalence rates, to expand states' ability to track how well their Medicaid programs identify enrollees with SUDs and link them with treatment (measured by initiation and engagement performance measures). Methods: We use the 2009 Medicaid MAX data on utilization and enrollment along with information from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to obtain state-level estimates of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence among Medicaid beneficiaries for 7 illustrative states. We calculate identification, initiation, and engagement measures using specifications from the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA). Results: NSDUH data showed that the eligible population prevalence rate (the average rate of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) among the 7 states was 10.0%, whereas the average identification rate was 2.9%. The gap between the prevalence and identification rates ranged from 5.1% to 11.0% among the 7 states. The initiation rates ranged from 36.9% to 57.1%. The states' engagement rates ranged from 11.8% to 31.1%, although rates differ by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in some states. Conclusion: Including identification along with initiation and engagement measures allows states to determine how well they are performing in a more complete spectrum from need, to recognition and documentation of enrollees with SUDs, to initiation of treatment, to continuation of early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Garnick
- Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Constance Horgan
- Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Margaret Lee
- Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Acevedo
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Neager
- Truven Health Analytics Inc., IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peggy O'Brien
- Truven Health Analytics Inc., IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Truven Health Analytics Inc., IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bill Marder
- Truven Health Analytics Inc., IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kay Miller
- Truven Health Analytics Inc., IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Destgeer G, Hashmi A, Park J, Ahmed H, Afzal M, Sung HJ. Microparticle self-assembly induced by travelling surface acoustic waves. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7916-7921. [PMID: 35521193 PMCID: PMC9061445 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an acoustofluidic method based on travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) to induce self-assembly of microparticles inside a microfluidic channel. The particles are trapped above an interdigitated transducer, placed directly beneath the microchannel, by the TSAW-based direct acoustic radiation force (ARF). This approach was applied to trap 10 μm polystyrene particles, which were pushed towards the ceiling of the microchannel by 72 MHz TSAWs to form single- and multiple-layer colloidal structures. The repair of cracks and defects within the crystal lattice occurs as part of the self-assembly process. The sample flow through the first inlet can be switched with a buffer flow through the second inlet to control the number of particles assembled in the crystalline structure. The constant flow-induced Stokes drag force on the particles is balanced by the opposing TSAW-based ARF. This force balance is essential for the acoustics-based self-assembly of microparticles inside the microchannel. Moreover, we studied the effects of varying input voltage and fluid flow rate on the position and shape of the colloidal structure. The active self-assembly of microparticles into crystals with multiple layers can be used in the bottom-up fabrication of colloidal structures with dimensions greater than 500 μm × 500 μm, which is expected to have important applications in various fields. We present an acoustofluidic method based on travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) for the self-assembly of microparticles inside a microfluidic channel.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM)
- France
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
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17
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Stevens A, Gilder ME, Moo P, Hashmi A, Toe SET, Doh BB, Nosten S, Chotivanich K, Somerset S, McGready R. Folate supplementation to prevent birth abnormalities: evaluating a community-based participatory action plan for refugees and migrant workers on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Public Health 2018; 161:83-89. [PMID: 29935473 PMCID: PMC6086336 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Preconception folic acid (PFA) taken at least 3 months before conception can decrease the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) by approximately 46%. NTDs contribute significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality in migrant and refugee populations on the Thailand-Myanmar border (incidence 1.57/1000 live births). This audit aimed to assess uptake of PFA among migrant and refugee women, evaluate knowledge about PFA among local healthcare workers and implement a participatory community intervention to increase PFA uptake and decrease NTD incidence in this population. Study design A mixed-methods baseline evaluation was followed by an intervention involving health worker education and a community outreach program. A follow-up audit was performed 18 months post-intervention. Methods Data were gathered via surveys, short interviews and focus group discussions. The intervention program included community-based workshops, production and distribution of printed flyers and posters, and outreach to various local organisations. Results Uptake of PFA was <2% both before and after the intervention. Despite a substantial increase in local healthcare worker knowledge of PFA, no significant improvement in PFA uptake after the intervention was detected. Most pregnancies in this local community sample were reported to be unplanned. Conclusions High rates of NTDs with low PFA uptake remains a major public health challenge in this transient population. Results indicate that improved health worker knowledge alone is not sufficient to enhance PFA uptake in this population. Integration of PFA education within expanded family planning programs and broad-based food fortification may be more effective. Audited preconception folic acid (PFA) campaign on Thai-Myanmar border. Low awareness of PFA among health workers and migrant/refugee pregnant women. Improved local health worker PFA knowledge after campaign and follow-up held after 18 months. Overall, campaign proved ineffective in increasing PFA uptake among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stevens
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - M E Gilder
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
| | - P Moo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
| | - A Hashmi
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
| | - S E T Toe
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
| | - B B Doh
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
| | - S Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
| | - K Chotivanich
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Shawn Somerset
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Friday T, Castillo PR, Hashmi A, Khawaja IS. Restless Legs Syndrome Among Veterans With Spinal Cord Lesions. Fed Pract 2018; 35:S17-S20. [PMID: 30766396 PMCID: PMC6375435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers developed a restless legs syndrome questionnaire using diagnostic criteria to assess its prevalence among veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tacjana Friday
- is a Neurologist with Noran Neurological Clinic in Minneapolis, Minnesota. is an Associate Professor of Neurology and Program Director of the Sleep Medicine Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at King Edward Medical University in Lahore, Pakistan. is the Medical Director at the Center for Sleep Medicine at the VA North Texas Health Care System and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas
| | - Pablo R Castillo
- is a Neurologist with Noran Neurological Clinic in Minneapolis, Minnesota. is an Associate Professor of Neurology and Program Director of the Sleep Medicine Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at King Edward Medical University in Lahore, Pakistan. is the Medical Director at the Center for Sleep Medicine at the VA North Texas Health Care System and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas
| | - Ali Hashmi
- is a Neurologist with Noran Neurological Clinic in Minneapolis, Minnesota. is an Associate Professor of Neurology and Program Director of the Sleep Medicine Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at King Edward Medical University in Lahore, Pakistan. is the Medical Director at the Center for Sleep Medicine at the VA North Texas Health Care System and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas
| | - Imran S Khawaja
- is a Neurologist with Noran Neurological Clinic in Minneapolis, Minnesota. is an Associate Professor of Neurology and Program Director of the Sleep Medicine Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at King Edward Medical University in Lahore, Pakistan. is the Medical Director at the Center for Sleep Medicine at the VA North Texas Health Care System and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas
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Trieu JA, Bilal M, Hashmi A. Endoscopic Appearance of Multifocal Primary Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:e15-e16. [PMID: 28351796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Trieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Mamachen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - Muhannad Al-Hanayneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Shehzad Merwat
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Le TT, Bilal M, Hashmi A, Parupudi S. Splenic hematoma: A "rare" complication of colonoscopy? Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:823-824. [PMID: 28487085 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Truc Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sreeram Parupudi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic drug. Hepatotoxicity following chronic oral administration occurs in 1% to 3% of patients. Hepatotoxicity following intravenous (IV) administration is infrequent but may be associated with dramatic increases in serum transaminases. We describe the incidence of liver toxicity among patients receiving IV amiodarone during a 5-year period. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective review of patients receiving IV amiodarone for any cause. The outcome measures were development of elevated serum transaminases and the relation of transaminitis to all-cause 30-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 1510 patients received amiodarone intravenously between 2005 and 2011; 77 (5%) developed elevated liver enzymes. Enzyme elevation was divided into mild (100-300 IU/L), moderate (300-1000 IU/L), and severe (>1000 IU/L). The median alanine aminotransferase was 189 (37-10,006) IU/L and aspartate aminotransferase was 253 (84-12,005) IU/L. The 30-day mortality among those with transaminitis was 22%; however, no patient died of amiodarone-related liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Amiodarone can cause severe elevation in liver enzymes. The incidence of severe transaminitis is low; deaths following IV amiodarone are rarely caused by drug-induced liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- From the Department of Medicine and Pharmacy Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicole R Keswani
- From the Department of Medicine and Pharmacy Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon Kim
- From the Department of Medicine and Pharmacy Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Y Graham
- From the Department of Medicine and Pharmacy Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Qureshi H, Shehzad A, Mohsin R, Sultan G, Laghari R, Mubarak M, Hashmi A, Naqvi S, Rizvi S. Impact of radical nephrectomy on renal functional outcome in patients with no other co-morbidity as determined by 24-h urinary creatinine clearance. African Journal of Urology 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Rivera CM, Kwon HJ, Hashmi A, Yu G, Zhao J, Gao J, Xu J, Xue W, Dimitrov AG. Towards a dynamic clamp for neurochemical modalities. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:10465-80. [PMID: 25946635 PMCID: PMC4481920 DOI: 10.3390/s150510465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The classic dynamic clamp technique uses a real-time electrical interface between living cells and neural simulations in order to investigate hypotheses about neural function and structure. One of the acknowledged drawbacks of that technique is the limited control of the cells' chemical microenvironment. In this manuscript, we use a novel combination of nanosensor and microfluidic technology and microfluidic and neural simulations to add sensing and control of chemical concentrations to the dynamic clamp technique. Specifically, we use a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip to generate distinct chemical concentration gradients (ions or neuromodulators), to register the concentrations with embedded nanosensors and use the processed signals as an input to simulations of a neural cell. The ultimate goal of this project is to close the loop and provide sensor signals to the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip to mimic the interaction of the simulated cell with other cells in its chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Maria Rivera
- Departments of Mathematics, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Hyuck-Jin Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada.
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Gan Yu
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Jiheng Zhao
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Jianlong Gao
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Alexander G Dimitrov
- Departments of Mathematics, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
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Jeon JW, Zhang L, Lutkenhaus JL, Laskar DD, Lemmon JP, Choi D, Nandasiri MI, Hashmi A, Xu J, Motkuri RK, Fernandez CA, Liu J, Tucker MP, McGrail PB, Yang B, Nune SK. Controlling porosity in lignin-derived nanoporous carbon for supercapacitor applications. ChemSusChem 2015. [PMID: 25339600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost renewable lignin has been used as a precursor to produce porous carbons. However, to date, it has not been easy to obtain high surface area porous carbon without activation processes or templating agents. Here, we demonstrate that low molecular weight lignin yields highly porous carbon with more graphitization through direct carbonization without additional activation processes or templating agents. We found that molecular weight and oxygen consumption during carbonization are critical factors to obtain high surface area, graphitized porous carbons. This highly porous carbon from low-cost renewable lignin sources is a good candidate for supercapacitor electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Jeon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 (USA); Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3122 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3122 (USA)
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Jeon JW, Zhang L, Lutkenhaus JL, Laskar DD, Lemmon JP, Choi D, Nandasiri MI, Hashmi A, Xu J, Motkuri RK, Fernandez CA, Liu J, Tucker MP, McGrail PB, Yang B, Nune SK. Controlling porosity in lignin-derived nanoporous carbon for supercapacitor applications. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:428-32. [PMID: 25339600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost renewable lignin has been used as a precursor to produce porous carbons. However, to date, it has not been easy to obtain high surface area porous carbon without activation processes or templating agents. Here, we demonstrate that low molecular weight lignin yields highly porous carbon with more graphitization through direct carbonization without additional activation processes or templating agents. We found that molecular weight and oxygen consumption during carbonization are critical factors to obtain high surface area, graphitized porous carbons. This highly porous carbon from low-cost renewable lignin sources is a good candidate for supercapacitor electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Jeon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 (USA); Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3122 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3122 (USA)
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Jeon JW, Zhang L, Lutkenhaus JL, Laskar DD, Lemmon JP, Choi D, Nandasiri MI, Hashmi A, Xu J, Motkuri RK, Fernandez CA, Liu J, Tucker MP, McGrail PB, Yang B, Nune SK. Controlling porosity in lignin-derived nanoporous carbon for supercapacitor applications. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:411. [PMID: 25613577 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Jeon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 (USA); Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3122 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3122 (USA)
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Friese RS, Wynne J, Joseph B, Hashmi A, Diven C, Pandit V, O'Keeffe T, Zangbar B, Kulvatunyou N, Rhee P. Age and mortality after injury: is the association linear? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2014; 40:567-72. [PMID: 26814513 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-014-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple studies have demonstrated a linear association between advancing age and mortality after injury. An inflection point, or an age at which outcomes begin to differ, has not been previously described. We hypothesized that the relationship between age and mortality after injury is non-linear and an inflection point exists. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis at our urban level I center from 2007 through 2009. All patients aged 65 years and older with the admission diagnosis of injury were included. Non-parametric logistic regression was used to identify the functional form between mortality and age. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to explore the association between age and mortality. Age 65 years was used as the reference. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 1,107 patients were included in the analysis. One-third required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 48 % had traumatic brain injury. 229 patients (20.6 %) were 84 years of age or older. The overall mortality was 7.2 %. Our model indicates that mortality is a quadratic function of age. After controlling for confounders, age is associated with mortality with a regression coefficient of 1.08 for the linear term (p = 0.02) and a regression coefficient of -0.006 for the quadratic term (p = 0.03). The model identified 84.4 years of age as the inflection point at which mortality rates begin to decline. CONCLUSIONS The risk of death after injury varies linearly with age until 84 years. After 84 years of age, the mortality rates decline. These findings may reflect the varying severity of comorbidities and differences in baseline functional status in elderly trauma patients. Specifically, a proportion of our injured patient population less than 84 years old may be more frail, contributing to increased mortality after trauma, whereas a larger proportion of our injured patients over 84 years old, by virtue of reaching this advanced age, may, in fact, be less frail, contributing to less risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Friese
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - J Wynne
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - B Joseph
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA.
| | - A Hashmi
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - C Diven
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - V Pandit
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - T O'Keeffe
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - B Zangbar
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - N Kulvatunyou
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
| | - P Rhee
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Room 5411, P.O. Box 245063, Tucson, AZ, 85727, USA
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El-Serag HB, Hashmi A, Garcia J, Richardson P, Alsarraj A, Fitzgerald S, Vela M, Shaib Y, Abraham NS, Velez M, Cole R, Rodriguez MB, Anand B, Graham DY, Kramer JR. Visceral abdominal obesity measured by CT scan is associated with an increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus: a case-control study. Gut 2014; 63:220-9. [PMID: 23408348 PMCID: PMC3976427 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal obesity has been associated with increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus (BE) but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We examined the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and the risk of BE. DESIGN A case-control study among eligible patients scheduled for elective oesophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and in a sample of patients eligible for screening colonoscopy recruited at the primary care clinic. All cases with definitive BE and a random sample of controls without BE were invited to undergo standardised mid-abdomen non-contrast computerised axial tomography images, which were analysed by semiautomated image segmentation software. The effect of VAT and SAT surface areas and their ratio (VAT to SAT) on BE were analysed in logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 173 BE cases, 343 colonoscopy controls and 172 endoscopy controls underwent study EGD and CT scan. Participants with BE were more than twice as likely to be in the highest tertile of VAT to SAT ratio (OR: 2.42 (1.51 to 3.88) and adjusted OR 1.47 (0.88 to 2.45)) than colonoscopy controls, especially for those long (≥3 cm) segment BE (3.42 (1.67 to 7.01) and adjusted OR 1.93 (0.92 to 4.09)) and for white men (adjusted OR 2.12 (1.15 to 3.90)). Adjustment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use attenuated this association, but there was a significant increase in BE risk even in the absence of GERD or PPI use. CONCLUSIONS Large amount of visceral abdominal fat relative to subcutaneous fat is associated with a significant increase in the risk of BE. GERD may mediate some but not all of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem B. El-Serag
- Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jose Garcia
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Richardson
- Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abeer Alsarraj
- Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Fitzgerald
- Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcelo Vela
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yasser Shaib
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neena S. Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Velez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rhonda Cole
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margot B. Rodriguez
- Department of Radiology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bhupinderjit Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Y. Graham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Kramer
- Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hashmi A, Rhee P, Pandit V, Kulvatunyou N, Tang A, O'Keeffe T, Zangbar B, Wynne J, Gries L, Vercruysse G, Friese R, Joseph B. Shock Index Predicts Mortality in Geriatric Trauma Patients: An Analysis of The National Trauma Data Bank. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sabegh BZ, Joseph B, Hashmi A, Kulvatunyou N, Aziz H, Wynne J, Tang A, O'keeffe T, Vercruysse G, Green D, Friese R, Rhee P. Mortality After Trauma Laparotomy in Geriatric Patients. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hashmi A, Friese R, Joseph B, Zangbar B, Wynne J, Gries L, Pandit V, O'Keeffe T, Tang A, Kulvatunyou N, Vercruysse G, Rhee P. The Effect of Age on Mortality In Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rizvi SAH, Sultan S, Zafar MN, Naqvi SAA, Lanewala AA, Hashmi S, Aziz T, Hassan AS, Ali B, Mohsin R, Mubarak M, Farasat S, Akhtar SF, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Hussain Z. Pediatric kidney transplantation in the developing world: challenges and solutions. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2441-9. [PMID: 23865679 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of pediatric RRT and transplantation are low in developing countries, 6-12 and <1 to 5 per million child population (pmcp), respectively. This is due to low GDP/capita of <$10 000, government expenditure on health of <2.6-9% of GDP and paucity of facilities. The reported incidence of pediatric CKD and ESRD is <1.0-8 and 3.4-35 pmcp, respectively. RRT and transplantation are offered mostly in private centers in cities where HD costs $20-100/session and transplants $10 000-20 000. High costs and long distance to centers results in treatment refusal in up to 35% of the cases. In this backdrop 75-85% of children with ESRD are disfranchised from RRT and transplantation. Our center initiated an integrated dialysis-transplant program funded by a community-government partnership where RRT and transplantation was provided "free of cost" with life long follow-up and medication. Access to free RRT at doorsteps and transplantation lead to societal acceptance of transplantation as the therapy of choice for ESRD. This enabled us to perform 475 pediatric transplants in 25 years with 1- and 5-year graft survival of 96% and 81%, respectively. Our model shows that pediatric transplantation is possible in developing countries when freely available and accessible to all who need it in the public sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Rizvi
- Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dewan Farooq Medical Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
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White DL, Tavakoli-Tabasi S, Kanwal F, Ramsey DJ, Hashmi A, Kuzniarek J, Patel P, Francis J, El-Serag HB. The association between serological and dietary vitamin D levels and hepatitis C-related liver disease risk differs in African American and white males. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:28-37. [PMID: 23710689 PMCID: PMC3742078 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D may affect the severity of HCV-related liver disease. AIM To examine the association between serum vitamin D levels and advanced liver disease in a multiethnic US cohort of HCV patients, and account for dietary and supplemental intake. METHODS We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and used FibroSURE-ActiTest to assess hepatic pathology in a cohort of HCV-infected male veterans. We estimated and adjusted for daily intake of vitamin D from diet using a Dietary History Questionnaire, and dispensed prescriptions prior to study enrolment. We used race-stratified logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and risk of advanced fibrosis (F3/F4-F4) and advanced inflammation (A2/A3-A3). RESULTS A total of 163 African American (AA) and 126 White non-Hispanics were studied. Overall, ~44% of AAs and 15% of Whites were vitamin D deficient (<12 ng/mL) or insufficient (12-19 ng/mL); 4% of AAs and 9% of White patients had an elevated level (>50 ng/mL). Among AAs, patients with elevated serum vitamin D levels had significantly higher odds of advanced fibrosis (OR = 12.91, P = 0.03) than those with normal levels. In contrast, AAs with insufficient or deficient levels had > two-fold excess risk of advanced inflammation (P = 0.06). Among White males there was no association between vitamin D levels and advanced fibrosis (F3/F4-F4) or inflammation (A2/A3-A3) risk. CONCLUSIONS We observed potential differences in the association between vitamin D levels and degree of HCV-related hepatic fibrosis between White and African American males. Additional research is necessary to confirm that high serum vitamin D levels may be associated with advanced fibrosis risk in African American males, and to evaluate whether racial differences exist in HCV-infected females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L. White
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shahriar Tavakoli-Tabasi
- Hepatitis C Clinic, Section of Infectious Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fasiha Kanwal
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David J. Ramsey
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jill Kuzniarek
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Paayal Patel
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jodi Francis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Xu Y, Hashmi A, Harb WA, Hong B, Xu J. Abstract 4129: Efficient cancer cell separation using size and deformability based filtration. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Break-free cancer cells in the blood stream are statistically larger (mainly >15 microns) than the majority of normal cells (5-11 microns). Therefore, filters with engineered pores, for example, 8 μm circular pores, could be used to isolate rare cancer cells from billions of hematologic cells in the blood sample. Size exclusion based filtration, however, is not immune to methodological constraint. Loss of cells smaller than the size cutoff and failure of separating cancer cells from normal cells of similar sizes have been the problems. Incorporating a second separation parameter by controlling cell deformability during the enrichment process could minimize the cell loss and increase the purity of the product. Recent advances using column-wall or crescent-post microfluidic chips have demonstrated the potential of utilizing cell size and deformability based separation techniques for rare cell enrichment. In this paper, we propose an innovative filter that aims to provide similar enrichment effect at quicker time (∼minutes/mL blood) and lower manufacturing cost. The key to realize efficient filtration process is the pattern design of highly dense pores. The effect of pore size on cell separation was first studied using rectangular shaped Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels, which were microfabricated by the technique of soft lithography. In the experiments, intact breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453) or human leukocytes were guided through the PDMS channels of different sizes. The flow rates and pressure drop were monitored. The deformation of the cells was visualized using a high-speed camera. The optimal pore size was selected to be the microchannel size that most leukocytes passed through, but not for the majority of the cancer cells, at high flow rate and low pressure-drop. As a second step, the effect of pore shape on cell separation was studied. We used the method of focused ion beam (FIB) to micromill pores into a thin polymer membrane, which have the size equal to or smaller than the optimal size obtained and a variety of shapes. FIB is an electron/ ion dual beam system, in which high-speed ion flow carries high momentum to engrave micro-sized pattern into substrate materials with high precision. The micromilled membrane was then integrated into a microfluidic flow chamber for cell separation. Pressure drop and cell deformation were recorded during the translocation of cells on the membrane. We conclude that both pore size and shape affect the size cutoff of cells to be separated. Under the pressure conditions that preserve the cell integrity and viability, cancer cells can be separated from normal cells at high flow rate, purity (>70%) and recovery (>80%). Our results could provide a detailed guidance for developing an efficient cell filter that can be used for rapid enrichment of rare cancer cells in blood for cancer detection and characterization.
Citation Format: Yuhao Xu, Ali Hashmi, Wael A. Harb, Bin Hong, Jie Xu. Efficient cancer cell separation using size and deformability based filtration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4129
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Xu
- 1Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
| | - Ali Hashmi
- 1Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
| | - Wael A. Harb
- 2Horizon Oncology Center, Indiana University Health Arnett, Lafayette, IN
| | - Bin Hong
- 3TeloVISION LLC, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jie Xu
- 1Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
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Rafi M, Ali S, Hashmi A. AOSP38 TREATMENT OF LOCALISED PROSTATE CANCER STAGE T2B–T4A WITH EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY PLUS HIGH DOSE RATE BRACHYTHERAPY: SINGLE INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN SINDH INSTITUTE OF UROLOGY AND TRANSPLANTATION, SIUT, KARACHI. Eur J Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(13)70049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yu T, Chahrour M, Coulter M, Jiralerspong S, Okamura-Ikeda K, Ataman B, Schmitz-Abe K, Harmin D, Adli M, Malik A, D’Gama A, Lim E, Sanders S, Mochida G, Partlow J, Sunu C, Felie J, Rodriguez J, Nasir R, Ware J, Joseph R, Hill R, Kwan B, Al-Saffar M, Mukaddes N, Hashmi A, Balkhy S, Gascon G, Hisama F, LeClair E, Poduri A, Oner O, Al-Saad S, Al-Awadi S, Bastaki L, Ben-Omran T, Teebi A, Al-Gazali L, Eapen V, Stevens C, Rappaport L, Gabriel S, Markianos K, State M, Greenberg M, Taniguchi H, Braverman N, Morrow E, Walsh C. Using whole-exome sequencing to identify inherited causes of autism. Neuron 2013; 77:259-73. [PMID: 23352163 PMCID: PMC3694430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant heritability of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), their extreme genetic heterogeneity has proven challenging for gene discovery. Studies of primarily simplex families have implicated de novo copy number changes and point mutations, but are not optimally designed to identify inherited risk alleles. We apply whole-exome sequencing (WES) to ASD families enriched for inherited causes due to consanguinity and find familial ASD associated with biallelic mutations in disease genes (AMT, PEX7, SYNE1, VPS13B, PAH, and POMGNT1). At least some of these genes show biallelic mutations in nonconsanguineous families as well. These mutations are often only partially disabling or present atypically, with patients lacking diagnostic features of the Mendelian disorders with which these genes are classically associated. Our study shows the utility of WES for identifying specific genetic conditions not clinically suspected and the importance of partial loss of gene function in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.W. Yu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - M.H. Chahrour
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - M.E. Coulter
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - S. Jiralerspong
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H1P3
| | - K. Okamura-Ikeda
- Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - B. Ataman
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - K. Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - D.A. Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - M. Adli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, 22908
| | - A.N. Malik
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - A.M. D’Gama
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - E.T. Lim
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - S.J. Sanders
- Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06510
| | - G.H. Mochida
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - J.N. Partlow
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - C.M. Sunu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - J.M. Felie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - J. Rodriguez
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - R.H. Nasir
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - J. Ware
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - R.M. Joseph
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02118
| | - R.S. Hill
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - B.Y. Kwan
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - M. Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - N.M. Mukaddes
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Hashmi
- Armed Forces Hospital, King Abdulaziz Naval Base, Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Balkhy
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - G.G. Gascon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Clinical Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
| | - F.M. Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 98195
| | - E. LeClair
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - A. Poduri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,02115
| | - O. Oner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr Sami Ulus Childrens’ Hospital, Telsizler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S. Al-Saad
- Kuwait Center for Autism, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - L. Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - T. Ben-Omran
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetic Medicine, Weil-Cornell Medical College, New York and Doha, Qatar
| | - A. Teebi
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetic Medicine, Weil-Cornell Medical College, New York and Doha, Qatar
| | - L. Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - V. Eapen
- Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South West Sydney (AUCS), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C.R. Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02142
| | - L. Rappaport
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - S.B. Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02142
| | - K. Markianos
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - M.W. State
- Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06510
| | - M.E. Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - H. Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - N.E. Braverman
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H1P3
| | - E.M. Morrow
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
| | - C.A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
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Hashmi A, Xu Y, Coder B, Osborne PA, Spafford J, Michael GE, Yu G, Xu J. Leidenfrost levitation: beyond droplets. Sci Rep 2012; 2:797. [PMID: 23150770 PMCID: PMC3495284 DOI: 10.1038/srep00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Friction is a major inhibitor in almost every mechanical system. Enlightened by the Leidenfrost effect – a droplet can be levitated by its own vapor layer on a sufficiently hot surface – we demonstrate for the first time that a small cart can also be levitated by Leidenfrost vapor. The levitated cart can carry certain amount of load and move frictionlessly over the hot surface. The maximum load that the cart can carry is experimentally tested over a range of surface temperatures. We show that the levitated cart can be propelled not only by gravitational force over a slanted flat surface, but also self-propelled over a ratchet shaped horizontal surface. In the end, we experimentally tested water consumption rate for sustaining the levitated cart, and compared the results to theoretical calculations. If perfected, this frictionless Leidenfrost cart could be used in numerous engineering applications where relative motion exists between surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- Mechanical Engineering, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686, USA
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Abstract
With the fast development of acoustic and multiphase microfluidics in recent years, oscillating bubbles have drawn more-and-more attention due to their great potential in various Lab on a Chip (LOC) applications. Many innovative bubble-based devices have been explored in the past decade. In this article, we first briefly summarize current understanding of the physics of oscillating bubbles, and then critically summarize recent advancements, including some of our original work, on the applications of oscillating bubbles in microfluidic devices. We intend to highlight the advantages of using oscillating bubbles along with the challenges that accompany them. We believe that these emerging studies on microfluidic oscillating bubbles will be revolutionary to the development of next-generation LOC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- Mechanical Engineering, Washington State University, Vancouver, USA
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Abstract
In this study, we present for the first time the observations of a freezing liquid marble. In the experiment, liquid marbles are gently placed on the cold side of a thermo-electric cooler (TEC), and the morphological changes are recorded and characterized thereafter. These liquid marbles are noticed to undergo a shape transition from a spherical to a flying-saucer-shaped morphology. The freezing dynamics of liquid marbles is observed to be very different from that of a freezing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface. For example, the pointy tip appearing on a frozen water drop could not be observed for a frozen liquid marble. In the end, we highlight a possible explanation of the observed morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686, United States
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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Zafar MN, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Akhtar SF, Ahmed E, Aziz T, Sultan G, Sultan S, Mehdi SH, Lal M, Ali B, Mubarak M, Faiq SM. A renal transplantation model for developing countries. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2302-7. [PMID: 21883911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The estimated incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Pakistan is 100 per million population. Paucity and high costs of renal replacement therapy allows only 10% to get dialysis and 4-5% transplants. Our center, a government organization, started a dialysis and transplant program in 1980s where all services were provided free of charge to all patients. It was based on the concept of community government partnership funded by both partners. The guiding principles were equity, transparency, accountability and development of all facilities under one roof. This partnership has sustained itself for 30 years with an annual budget of $25 million in 2009. Daily 600 patients are dialyzed and weekly 10-12 receive transplants. One- and 5-year graft survival of 3000 transplants is 92% and 85%, respectively. The institute became a focus of transplantation in Pakistan and played a vital role in the campaign against transplant tourism and in promulgation of transplant law of 2007, and also helped to increase altruistic transplants in the country. This model emphasizes that in developing countries specialized centers in government sector are necessary for transplantation to progress and community support can make it available to the common man.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Rizvi
- Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Khan U, Hashmi A, Zia N, Awan S, Razzak J. P2-520 Injury- related mortality among women aged 12-49 years: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Pakistan. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976m.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tunio MA, Hashmi A, Rafi M. Need for a new trial to evaluate postoperative radiotherapy in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1839-1845. [PMID: 20139152 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and locoregional failure (LRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Medline, CANCERLIT, Cochrane library database and search engines were searched to identify randomized controlled studies comparing radical nephrectomy alone with radical nephrectomy followed by PORT for localized RCC. Further, radiotherapy techniques and associated side-effects were evaluated. RESULTS Seven controlled trials with a total patient population of 735 were identified. Pooled results from these trials showed a significant reduction of LRF in patients treated with PORT (P < or = 0.0001). However, there was no difference in OS (P = 0.29) and DFS (P = 0.14). The majority of patients was treated with larger field sizes with parallel-opposed anteroposterior fields. PORT was generally well tolerated; in total, six PORT-related deaths were seen. The resultant funnel plot was broader (Egger test P = 0.14) due to low number of patients. CONCLUSIONS PORT significantly reduces LRF but has no effect on OS and DFS. However, due to poor patient accrual and older radiotherapy techniques in previous studies, there is a need for a new trial to evaluate PORT using conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Hashmi
- Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Rafi
- Departments of Radiation Oncology
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Rizvi SAH, Anwar Naqvi SA, Zafar MN, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Hussain M, Ahmed E. Pakistan abolishes kidney market and ushers in a new era of ethical transplantation. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2010; 1:193-7. [PMID: 25013586 PMCID: PMC4089237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Muzaffar N, Hashmi A, Mubarak M, Mohsin R, Shazad A, Sultan G, Hashmi A, Rizvi AH. Adrenal myelolipoma: a report of three cases and review of literature. J PAK MED ASSOC 2009; 59:491-3. [PMID: 19579745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare and benign tumour composed of mature adipose tissue and haematopoietic elements that resemble bone marrow. It is mostly discovered incidentally on imaging of abdomen done for non adrenal related reasons or at autopsy. Usually asymptomatic, but has been reported to present with symptoms such as flank pain resulting from tumour bulk, necrosis or spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage. Symptomatic tumours, growing tumours or tumours larger than 10 cm should be excised surgically. We report cases of 3 male patients presenting with flank pain and upper pole renal masses. All three were treated surgically with adrenalectomy. Myelolipoma was confirmed in all three on histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Muzaffar
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi
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