1
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Ramanjulu JM, Williams SP, Lakdawala AS, DeMartino MP, Lan Y, Marquis RW. Overcoming the Pregnane X Receptor Liability: Rational Design to Eliminate PXR-Mediated CYP Induction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1396-1404. [PMID: 34531948 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) regulates expression of proteins responsible for all three phases required for the detoxification mechanism, which include CYP450 enzymes, phase II enzymes, and multidrug efflux pumps. Therefore, PXR is a prominent receptor that is responsible for xenobiotic excretion and drug-drug interactions. Pyrimidinone 1 is an antagonist of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and a strong activator of PXR. Repeat oral administration revealed diminished exposures over time, which prohibited further progression. A medicinal chemistry campaign was initiated to understand and abolish activation of PXR in order to increase systemic exposures. Rational structure-activity relationship investigations utilizing cocrystal structures and a de novo pharmacophore model resulted in compounds devoid of PXR activation. These studies culminated in the first orally active CaSR antagonist 8 suitable for progression. Cocrystallography, the pharmacophore model employed, and additional observations reported herein supported rational elimination of PXR activation and have applicability across diverse chemical classes to help erase PXR-driven drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi M. Ramanjulu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Shawn P. Williams
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael P. DeMartino
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yunfeng Lan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert W. Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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2
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Haile PA, Casillas LN, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Hughes TV, DeMartino MP, Wang GZ, Romano JJ, Dong X, Plotnikov NV, Lakdawala AS, Duraiswami C, Convery MA, Votta BJ, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, LePage C, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Donovan BT, Brown BS, Chaudhary KW, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Correction to Identification of Quinoline-Based RIP2 Kinase Inhibitors with an Improved Therapeutic Index to the hERG Ion Channel. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1353. [PMID: 32551024 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00344.].
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3
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Haffner CD, Charnley AK, Aquino CJ, Casillas L, Convery MA, Cox JA, Elban MA, Goodwin NC, Gough PJ, Haile PA, Hughes TV, Knapp-Reed B, Kreatsoulas C, Lakdawala AS, Li H, Lian Y, Lipshutz D, Mehlmann JF, Ouellette M, Romano J, Shewchuk L, Shu A, Votta BJ, Zhou H, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Discovery of Pyrazolocarboxamides as Potent and Selective Receptor Interacting Protein 2 (RIP2) Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1518-1523. [PMID: 31749904 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of pyrazolocarboxamides as novel, potent, and kinase selective inhibitors of receptor interacting protein 2 kinase (RIP2). Fragment based screening and design principles led to the identification of the inhibitor series, and X-ray crystallography was used to inform key structural changes. Through key substitutions about the N1 and C5 N positions on the pyrazole ring significant kinase selectivity and potency were achieved. Bridged bicyclic pyrazolocarboxamide 11 represents a selective and potent inhibitor of RIP2 and will allow for a more detailed investigation of RIP2 inhibition as a therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt D. Haffner
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Adam K. Charnley
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Linda Casillas
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Máire A. Convery
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Julie A. Cox
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark A. Elban
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nicole C. Goodwin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Peter J. Gough
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Pamela A. Haile
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Beth Knapp-Reed
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Constantine Kreatsoulas
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Huijie Li
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yiqian Lian
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David Lipshutz
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John F. Mehlmann
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael Ouellette
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Joseph Romano
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lisa Shewchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Arthur Shu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Bartholomew J. Votta
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Huiqiang Zhou
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John Bertin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert W. Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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4
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Heightman TD, Callahan JF, Chiarparin E, Coyle JE, Griffiths-Jones C, Lakdawala AS, McMenamin R, Mortenson PN, Norton D, Peakman TM, Rich SJ, Richardson C, Rumsey WL, Sanchez Y, Saxty G, Willems HMG, Wolfe L, Woolford AJA, Wu Z, Yan H, Kerns JK, Davies TG. Structure–Activity and Structure–Conformation Relationships of Aryl Propionic Acid Inhibitors of the Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (KEAP1/NRF2) Protein–Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4683-4702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - James F. Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | | | - Joseph E. Coyle
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Rachel McMenamin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Paul N. Mortenson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - David Norton
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Torren M. Peakman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sharna J. Rich
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - William L. Rumsey
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Gordon Saxty
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Lawrence Wolfe
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | | | - Zining Wu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Hongxing Yan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Thomas G. Davies
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
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5
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Kerns JK, Busch-Petersen J, Fu W, Boehm JC, Nie H, Muratore M, Bullion A, Lin G, Li H, Davis R, Lin X, Lakdawala AS, Cousins R, Field R, Payne J, Miller DD, Bamborough P, Christopher JA, Baldwin I, Osborn RR, Yonchuk J, Webb E, Rumsey WL. 3,5-Disubstituted-indole-7-carboxamides as IKKβ Inhibitors: Optimization of Oral Activity via the C3 Substituent. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1164-1169. [PMID: 30613320 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IκB kinase β (IKKβ or IKK2) is a key regulator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and has received attention as a therapeutic target. Herein we report on the optimization of a series of 3,5-disubstituted-indole-7-carboxamides for oral activity. In doing so, we focused attention on potency, ligand efficiency (LE), and physicochemical properties and have identified compounds 24 and (R)-28 as having robust in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K. Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Jakob Busch-Petersen
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Wei Fu
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Jeffrey C. Boehm
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Hong Nie
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Michael Muratore
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Ann Bullion
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Guoliang Lin
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Huijie Li
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Roderick Davis
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Xichen Lin
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | | | - Rick Cousins
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rita Field
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jeremy Payne
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David D. Miller
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John A. Christopher
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian Baldwin
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ruth R. Osborn
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - John Yonchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - Edward Webb
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
| | - William L. Rumsey
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406, United States,
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6
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Haile PA, Casillas LN, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Hughes TV, DeMartino MP, Wang GZ, Romano JJ, Dong X, Plotnikov NV, Lakdawala AS, Convery MA, Votta BJ, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, LePage C, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Donovan BT, Brown BS, Chaudhary KW, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Identification of Quinoline-Based RIP2 Kinase Inhibitors with an Improved Therapeutic Index to the hERG Ion Channel. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1039-1044. [PMID: 30344914 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RIP2 kinase was recently identified as a therapeutic target for a variety of autoimmune diseases. We have reported previously a selective 4-aminoquinoline-based RIP2 inhibitor GSK583 and demonstrated its effectiveness in blocking downstream NOD2 signaling in cellular models, rodent in vivo models, and human ex vivo disease models. While this tool compound was valuable in validating the biological pathway, it suffered from activity at the hERG ion channel and a poor PK/PD profile thereby limiting progression of this analog. Herein, we detail our efforts to improve both this off-target liability as well as the PK/PD profile of this series of inhibitors through modulation of lipophilicity and strengthening hinge binding ability. These efforts have led to inhibitor 7, which possesses high binding affinity for the ATP pocket of RIP2 (IC50 = 1 nM) and inhibition of downstream cytokine production in human whole blood (IC50 = 10 nM) with reduced hERG activity (14 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Haile
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Linda N. Casillas
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael J. Bury
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John F. Mehlmann
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert Singhaus
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Adam K. Charnley
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Terry V. Hughes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael P. DeMartino
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Gren Z. Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Dong
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Plotnikov
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Maire A. Convery
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Bartholomew J. Votta
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David B. Lipshutz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Biva M. Desai
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Barbara Swift
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Carol A. Capriotti
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Scott B. Berger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mukesh K. Mahajan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael A. Reilly
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Rivera
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Helen H. Sun
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rakesh Nagilla
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Carol LePage
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael T. Ouellette
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rachel D. Totoritis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Brian T. Donovan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Barry S. Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Khuram W. Chaudhary
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Peter J. Gough
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John Bertin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert W. Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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7
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Brown KK, Hann MM, Lakdawala AS, Santos R, Thomas PJ, Todd K. Approaches to target tractability assessment - a practical perspective. Medchemcomm 2018; 9:606-613. [PMID: 30108951 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00633k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the suitability of novel targets to intervention by different modalities, e.g. small molecules or antibodies, is increasingly seen as important in helping to select the most progressable targets at the outset of a drug discovery project. This perspective considers differing aspects of tractability and how it can be assessed using in silico and experimental approaches. We also share some of our experiences in using these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Brown
- Computational and Modelling Sciences , Platform Technology and Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 S. Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , USA
| | - Michael M Hann
- NCE Molecular Discovery , Platform Technology and Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage , Hertfordshire , SG1 2NY , UK .
| | - Ami S Lakdawala
- In vitro/In vivo Translation Sciences , Platform Technology and Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 S. Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , USA
| | - Rita Santos
- Target Sciences Computational Biology , GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage , Hertfordshire , SG1 2NY , UK
| | - Pamela J Thomas
- Computational and Modelling Sciences , Platform Technology and Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage , Hertfordshire , SG1 2NY , UK
| | - Kieran Todd
- Computational and Modelling Sciences , Platform Technology and Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage , Hertfordshire , SG1 2NY , UK
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8
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Haile PA, Votta BJ, Marquis RW, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Lakdawala AS, Convery MA, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, Beal AM, Finger JN, Cook MN, King BW, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Pierdomenico M, Negroni A, Stronati L, Cucchiara S, Ziółkowski B, Vossenkämper A, MacDonald TT, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Casillas LN. The Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of 6-(tert-Butylsulfonyl)-N-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)quinolin-4-amine (GSK583), a Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitor of RIP2 Kinase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4867-80. [PMID: 27109867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP2 kinase is a central component of the innate immune system and enables downstream signaling following activation of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Recently, several inhibitors of RIP2 kinase have been disclosed that have contributed to the fundamental understanding of the role of RIP2 in this pathway. However, because they lack either broad kinase selectivity or strong affinity for RIP2, these tools have only limited utility to assess the role of RIP2 in complex environments. We present, herein, the discovery and pharmacological characterization of GSK583, a next-generation RIP2 inhibitor possessing exquisite selectivity and potency. Having demonstrated the pharmacological precision of this tool compound, we report its use in elucidating the role of RIP2 kinase in a variety of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments, further clarifying our understanding of the role of RIP2 in NOD1 and NOD2 mediated disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Máire A Convery
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre , Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Pierdomenico
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) , 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) , 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University Hospital Umberto I , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Umberto I , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Vossenkämper
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
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9
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Harris PA, King BW, Bandyopadhyay D, Berger SB, Campobasso N, Capriotti CA, Cox JA, Dare L, Dong X, Finger JN, Grady LC, Hoffman SJ, Jeong JU, Kang J, Kasparcova V, Lakdawala AS, Lehr R, McNulty DE, Nagilla R, Ouellette MT, Pao CS, Rendina AR, Schaeffer MC, Summerfield JD, Swift BA, Totoritis RD, Ward P, Zhang A, Zhang D, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Gough PJ. DNA-Encoded Library Screening Identifies Benzo[b][1,4]oxazepin-4-ones as Highly Potent and Monoselective Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2163-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - LaShadric C. Grady
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer D. Summerfield
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aming Zhang
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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10
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Wang H, Kowalski MD, Lakdawala AS, Vogt FG, Wu L. An efficient and highly diastereoselective synthesis of GSK1265744, a potent HIV integrase inhibitor. Org Lett 2015; 17:564-7. [PMID: 25615910 DOI: 10.1021/ol503580t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of GSK1265744, a potent HIV integrase inhibitor, is described. The synthesis is highlighted by an efficient construction of the densely functionalized pyridinone core as well as a highly diastereoselective formation of the acyl oxazolidine moiety. The latter exploits the target molecule's ability to chelate to Mg(2+), a key feature in the integrase inhibitor's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Global API Chemistry, ‡MDR Chemical Science, §Analytical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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11
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Mandal P, Berger SB, Pillay S, Moriwaki K, Huang C, Guo H, Lich JD, Finger J, Kasparcova V, Votta B, Ouellette M, King BW, Wisnoski D, Lakdawala AS, DeMartino MP, Casillas LN, Haile PA, Sehon CA, Marquis RW, Upton J, Daley-Bauer LP, Roback L, Ramia N, Dovey CM, Carette JE, Chan FKM, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Mocarski ES, Kaiser WJ. RIP3 induces apoptosis independent of pronecrotic kinase activity. Mol Cell 2014; 56:481-95. [PMID: 25459880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3 or RIPK3) has emerged as a central player in necroptosis and a potential target to control inflammatory disease. Here, three selective small-molecule compounds are shown to inhibit RIP3 kinase-dependent necroptosis, although their therapeutic value is undermined by a surprising, concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis. These compounds interact with RIP3 to activate caspase 8 (Casp8) via RHIM-driven recruitment of RIP1 (RIPK1) to assemble a Casp8-FADD-cFLIP complex completely independent of pronecrotic kinase activities and MLKL. RIP3 kinase-dead D161N mutant induces spontaneous apoptosis independent of compound, whereas D161G, D143N, and K51A mutants, like wild-type, only trigger apoptosis when compound is present. Accordingly, RIP3-K51A mutant mice (Rip3(K51A/K51A)) are viable and fertile, in stark contrast to the perinatal lethality of Rip3(D161N/D161N) mice. RIP3 therefore holds both necroptosis and apoptosis in balance through a Ripoptosome-like platform. This work highlights a common mechanism unveiling RHIM-driven apoptosis by therapeutic or genetic perturbation of RIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Scott B Berger
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Sirika Pillay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chunzi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Lich
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joshua Finger
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Viera Kasparcova
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bart Votta
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael Ouellette
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bryan W King
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David Wisnoski
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ami S Lakdawala
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael P DeMartino
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Linda N Casillas
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pamela A Haile
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clark A Sehon
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jason Upton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lisa P Daley-Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Linda Roback
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nancy Ramia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Cole M Dovey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francis Ka-Ming Chan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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12
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Morgan DM, Lynn DG, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Liotta DC. Amyloid Structure: Models and Theoretical Considerations in Fibrous Aggregates. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Bakan A, Nevins N, Lakdawala AS, Bahar I. Druggability Assessment of Allosteric Proteins by Dynamics Simulations in Presence of Probe Molecules. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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14
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Bakan A, Nevins N, Lakdawala AS, Bahar I. Druggability Assessment of Allosteric Proteins by Dynamics Simulations in the Presence of Probe Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:2435-2447. [PMID: 22798729 PMCID: PMC3392909 DOI: 10.1021/ct300117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Druggability assessment of a target protein has emerged
in recent
years as an important concept in hit-to-lead optimization. A reliable
and physically relevant measure of druggability would allow informed
decisions on the risk of investing in a particular target. Here, we
define “druggability” as a quantitative estimate of
binding sites and affinities for a potential drug acting on a specific
protein target. In the present study, we describe a new methodology
that successfully predicts the druggability and maximal binding affinity
for a series of challenging targets, including those that function
through allosteric mechanisms. Two distinguishing features of the
methodology are (i) simulation of the binding dynamics of a diversity
of probe molecules selected on the basis of an analysis of approved
drugs and (ii) identification of druggable sites and estimation of
corresponding binding affinities on the basis of an evaluation of
the geometry and energetics of bound probe clusters. The use of the
methodology for a variety of targets such as murine double mutant-2,
protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), lymphocyte function-associated
antigen 1, vertebrate kinesin-5 (Eg5), and p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinase provides examples for which the method correctly captures the
location and binding affinities of known drugs. It also provides insights
into novel druggable sites and the target’s structural changes
that would accommodate, if not promote and stabilize, drug binding.
Notably, the ability to identify high affinity spots even in challenging
cases such as PTP1B or Eg5 shows promise as a rational tool for assessing
the druggability of protein targets and identifying allosteric or
novel sites for drug binding.
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15
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Abstract
AIM To detect noise levels, generated by high-powered tools in orthopaedic theatres at varying distances from the operating site, and its impact on hearing in staff and patients. METHODS Sound-level meter was used to measure the sound level generated by various high-powered tools in routine orthopaedic procedures, at varying distances from the operating site. These recorded noise levels were compared against the UK noise safety guidelines. RESULT We found that the noise generated was often significantly higher than the safety guidelines. CONCLUSION Noise levels in orthopaedic theatres can be at unacceptable levels, which could potentially lead to hearing problems in the staff and patients. We believe that all patients, especially the elderly patients, (who are more prone to hearing problems) should have hearing protection during orthopaedic operations that use high-powered tools. Surgeons and scrubbed theatre staff should take precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Siverdeen
- Trauma & Orthopaedics, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Northfields, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Ganesh T, Yang C, Norris A, Glass T, Bane S, Ravindra R, Banerjee A, Metaferia B, Thomas SL, Giannakakou P, Alcaraz AA, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Evaluation of the tubulin-bound paclitaxel conformation: synthesis, biology, and SAR studies of C-4 to C-3' bridged paclitaxel analogues. J Med Chem 2007; 50:713-25. [PMID: 17263521 PMCID: PMC2585518 DOI: 10.1021/jm061071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The important anticancer drug paclitaxel binds to the beta-subunit of the alphabeta-tubulin dimer in the microtubule in a stoichiometric ratio, promoting microtubule polymerization and stability. The conformation of microtubule-bound drug has been the subject of intense study, and various suggestions have been proposed. In previous work we presented experimental and theoretical evidence that paclitaxel adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin. In this study we report additional experimental data and calculations that delineate the allowable parameters for effective paclitaxel-tubulin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Andrew Norris
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Tom Glass
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Susan Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
| | - Rudravajhala Ravindra
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Belhu Metaferia
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Shala L. Thomas
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Ana A. Alcaraz
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - James P. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
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17
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King AJ, Patrick DR, Batorsky RS, Ho ML, Do HT, Zhang SY, Kumar R, Rusnak DW, Takle AK, Wilson DM, Hugger E, Wang L, Karreth F, Lougheed JC, Lee J, Chau D, Stout TJ, May EW, Rominger CM, Schaber MD, Luo L, Lakdawala AS, Adams JL, Contractor RG, Smalley KSM, Herlyn M, Morrissey MM, Tuveson DA, Huang PS. Demonstration of a genetic therapeutic index for tumors expressing oncogenic BRAF by the kinase inhibitor SB-590885. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11100-5. [PMID: 17145850 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic BRAF alleles are both necessary and sufficient for cellular transformation, suggesting that chemical inhibition of the activated mutant protein kinase may reverse the tumor phenotype. Here, we report the characterization of SB-590885, a novel triarylimidazole that selectively inhibits Raf kinases with more potency towards B-Raf than c-Raf. Crystallographic analysis revealed that SB-590885 stabilizes the oncogenic B-Raf kinase domain in an active configuration, which is distinct from the previously reported mechanism of action of the multi-kinase inhibitor, BAY43-9006. Malignant cells expressing oncogenic B-Raf show selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, proliferation, transformation, and tumorigenicity when exposed to SB-590885, whereas other cancer cell lines and normal cells display variable sensitivities or resistance to similar treatment. These studies support the validation of oncogenic B-Raf as a target for cancer therapy and provide the first evidence of a correlation between the expression of oncogenic BRAF alleles and a positive response to a selective B-Raf inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J King
- Department of Oncology, MMPD CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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18
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Ganesh T, Guza RC, Bane S, Ravindra R, Shanker N, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. The bioactive Taxol conformation on beta-tubulin: experimental evidence from highly active constrained analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10006-11. [PMID: 15226503 PMCID: PMC454156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403459101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The important anticancer drug Taxol (paclitaxel) binds to tubulin in a stoichiometric ratio and promotes its assembly into microtubules. The conformation of microtubule-bound drug has been the subject of intense study, and various suggestions have been made. In this work we present experimental and theoretical evidence that Taxol adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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19
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Plemper RK, Erlandson KJ, Lakdawala AS, Sun A, Prussia A, Boonsombat J, Aki-Sener E, Yalcin I, Yildiz I, Temiz-Arpaci O, Tekiner B, Liotta DC, Snyder JP, Compans RW. A target site for template-based design of measles virus entry inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:5628-33. [PMID: 15056763 PMCID: PMC397452 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308520101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) constitutes a principal cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for almost 1 million deaths annually. Although a live-attenuated vaccine protects against MV, vaccination efficiency of young infants is low because of interference by maternal antibodies. Parental concerns about vaccination safety further contribute to waning herd immunity in developed countries, resulting in recent MV outbreaks. The development of novel antivirals that close the vaccination gap in infants and silence viral outbreaks is thus highly desirable. We previously identified a microdomain in the MV fusion protein (F protein) that is structurally conserved in the paramyxovirus family and constitutes a promising target site for rationally designed antivirals. Here we report the template-based development of a small-molecule MV inhibitor, providing proof-of-concept for our approach. This lead compound specifically inhibits fusion and spread of live MV and MV glycoprotein-induced membrane fusion. The inhibitor induces negligible cytotoxicity and does not interfere with receptor binding or F protein biosynthesis or transport but prevents F protein-induced lipid mixing. Mutations in the postulated target site alter viral sensitivity to inhibition. In silico docking of the compound in this microdomain suggests a binding model that is experimentally corroborated by a structure-activity analysis of the compound and the inhibition profile of mutated F proteins. A second-generation compound designed on the basis of the interaction model shows a 200-fold increase in antiviral activity, creating the basis for novel MV therapeutics. This template-based design approach for MV may be applicable to other clinically relevant members of the paramyxovirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Plemper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Kelso MJ, Beyer RL, Hoang HN, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Oliver WV, Robertson TA, Appleton TG, Fairlie DP. α-Turn Mimetics: Short Peptide α-Helices Composed of Cyclic Metallopentapeptide Modules. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4828-42. [PMID: 15080687 DOI: 10.1021/ja037980i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-Helices are key structural components of proteins and important recognition motifs in biology. Short peptides (<or=15 residues) corresponding to these helical sequences are rarely helical away from their stabilizing protein environments. New techniques for stabilizing short peptide helices could be valuable for studying protein folding, modeling proteins, creating artificial proteins, and may aid the design of inhibitors or mimics of protein function. This study reports the facile incorporation of 3- and 4-alpha turns in 10-15 residue peptides through formation in situ of multiple cyclic metallopeptide modules [Pd(en)(H*XXXH*)](2+). The nonhelical peptides Ac-H*ELTH*H*VTDH*-NH(2) (1), Ac-H*ELTH*AVTDYH*ELTH*-NH(2) (2), and Ac-H*AAAH*HELTH*H*VTDH*-NH(2) (3) (H is histidine-methylated at imidazole-N3) react in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or water with 2, 2, and 3 molar equivalents, respectively, of [Pd(en)(NO(3))(2)] to form exclusively [Pd(2)(en)(2)(Ac-H*ELTH*H*VTDH*-NH(2))](4+) (4), [Pd(2)(en)(2)(Ac-H*ELTH*AVTDYH*ELTH*-NH(2))](4+) (5), and [Pd(3)(en)(3)(Ac-H*AAAH*HELTH*H*VTDH*-NH(2))](6+) (6), characterized by mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D (1)H- and 1D (15)N-NMR spectroscopy. Despite the presence of multiple histidines and other possible metal-binding residues in these peptides, 2D (1)H NMR spectra reveal that Pd(en)(2+) is remarkably specific in coordinating to imidazole-N1 of only (i, i + 4) pairs of histidines (i.e., only those separated by three amino acids), resulting in 4-6 made up of cyclic metallopentapeptide modules ([Pd(en)(H*XXXH*)](2+))(n), n = 2, 2, 3, respectively, each cycle being a 22-membered ring. We have previously shown that a single metallopentapeptide can nucleate alpha-helicity (Kelso et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 421-424.). We now demonstrate its use as an alpha-turn-mimicking module for the facile conversion of unstructured short peptides into helices of macrocycles and provide 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, structure calculations via XPLOR and NMR analysis of molecular flexibility in solution (NAMFIS), and CD spectra in support of the alpha-helical nature of these monomeric metallopeptides in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kelso
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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21
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Abstract
On the basis of the coordinates of the related Newcastle disease virus (NDV) F protein, Valine-94, a determinant of measles virus (MV) cytopathicity, is predicted to lie in a cylindrical cavity with 10 A diameter located at the F neck. A 16-residue domain around V94 is functionally interchangeable between NDV and MV F, supporting our homology model. Features of the cavity are conserved within the Paramyxovirinae. A hydrophobic base and a hydrophilic residue at the rim are required for surface expression. Small residue substitutions predicted to open the cavity were found to disrupt transport or limit fusogenicity of transport-competent mutants but can be compensated for by simultaneous insertion of larger residues at the opposing wall. Variants containing histidine substitutions mediate fusion at pH 8.5, while at pH 7.2 fusion is blocked, suggesting that functionality requires low charge in the cavity. These results indicate that specific structural features of the cavity are essential for paramyxovirus fusion initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Plemper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, 3001 Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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22
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23
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Abstract
The pentapeptide Ac-HAAAH-NH2, cyclized through its imidazoles by PdII to give [Pd(en)(peptide)]2+, has recently been evaluated by 2-D NMR and simulated annealing as a single alpha-helix conformation in solution. In the present work, we have questioned this assumption by developing Pd2+ parameters for AMBER*, performing an extensive conformational search for the [Pd(en)(peptide)]2+, and deconvoluting the averaged NMR data into eight rapidly equilibrating conformations with populations ranging from 2 to 55%. None of the latter correspond to the alpha-helix, although a 3% form possesses a related structure. As a critical component of interpreting an averaged NMR spectrum in terms of a single conformation, we advise testing this assumption with a method that permits conformational deconvolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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24
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Abstract
A previous experimentally defined model for the fibril formed from the core residues of the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides of Alzheimer's disease, 10YEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLM, Abeta(10-35) using spectroscopic and scattering analyses reports on the average structure, benefiting immensely from the homogeneous assembly of Abeta(10-35). However, the energetic constraints that contribute to fibril dynamics and stability remain poorly understood. Here we perform molecular dynamics simulations to extend the structural assignment by providing evidence for a dynamic average ensemble with transient backbone H-bonds and internal solvation contributing to the inherent stability of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami S Lakdawala
- Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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