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Kuklya A, Poelke B, Michna K, Lehmann S, Kappenstein O, Sarvan I, Luch A, Roloff A, Bruhn T. A multi-technique approach for the quantification of 60 plasticizers and selected additives using GC- and LC-MS/MS and its application for beverages in the BfR MEAL study. Food Chem 2024; 446:138874. [PMID: 38460277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of multi-analyte methods is always challenging, especially when the target compounds derive from many different substance classes. We present an approach to analyze up to 60 additives - mainly plasticizer - including 28 phthalates and 32 further compounds such as sebacates, adipates, citrates, fatty acid amides, among others. Our multi-analyte multi-technique approach combines a single sample preparation step with one GC-MS/MS and two LC-MS/MS quantification methods. We demonstrate the applicability for beverages by a full validation in tomato juice matrix and determining the recoveries in apple juice, mulled wine, and spirits. The approach features good reproducibilities and high precisions with limits of quantification in the low µg·kg-1 food range, enabling the method to be applied for enforcement and especially for exposure investigations. In course of the BfR MEAL study, 16 pooled beverage samples were examined and - if at all - analytes were found only in very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Kuklya
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte Poelke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaudia Michna
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Lehmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irmela Sarvan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Exposure, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bruhn
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Simon K, Bartsch N, Schneider L, van de Weijgert V, Hutzler C, Luch A, Roloff A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skin permeation efficiency in vitro is lower through human than pigskin and decreases with lipophilicity. Environ Res 2024:119118. [PMID: 38763278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent environmental pollutants, which occasionally appear as contaminants in consumer products. Upon dermal contact, transfer of PAH into the stratum corneum (s.c.) and migration through the skin may occur, resulting in this class of highly toxic compounds to become bioavailable. In this study, dermal penetration through human and porcine skin of 24 PAH, comprising broad mass (152-302 g/mol) and octanol-water partition coefficient (logP: 3.9-7.3) ranges, was evaluated via Franz diffusion cell in vitro assays. More lipophilic and potentially more toxic PAH had decreased permeation rates through the rather lipophilic s.c. into the more hydrophilic viable (epi-)dermis. Furthermore, human skin was less permeable than pigskin, a commonly used surrogate frequently applied in skin penetration studies. In particular, the s.c. of human skin retains a greater share of PAH, an effect that is more pronounced for smaller PAH. Moreover, we compared the skin permeation kinetics of different PAH in pigskin. While small PAH (< 230 g/mol, logP < 6) permeate the skin quickly and are detected in the receptor fluid after 2 h, large PAH (> 252 g/mol, logP ≥ 6) do not fully permeate the skin up to 48 h. This indicates that highly lipophilic PAH do not become bioavailable as readily as their smaller congeners when transferred to the skin surface. Our data suggest that pigskin could be used as a surrogate for worst case scenario estimates of dermal PAH permeation through human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Simon
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nastasia Bartsch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; German Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Bundesallee 51, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lidia Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valerie van de Weijgert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Christoph Hutzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Giulbudagian M, Battisini B, Bäumler W, Blass Rico AM, Bocca B, Brungs C, Famele M, Foerster M, Gutsche B, Houben V, Hauri U, Karpienko K, Karst U, Katz LM, Kluger N, Serup J, Schreiver I, Schubert S, van der Bent SAS, Wolf C, Luch A, Laux P. Lessons learned in a decade: Medical-toxicological view of tattooing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38709160 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Tattooing has been part of the human culture for thousands of years, yet only in the past decades has it entered the mainstream of the society. With the rise in popularity, tattoos also gained attention among researchers, with the aim to better understand the health risks posed by their application. 'A medical-toxicological view of tattooing'-a work published in The Lancet almost a decade ago, resulted from the international collaboration of various experts in the field. Since then, much understanding has been achieved regarding adverse effects, treatment of complications, as well as their regulation for improving public health. Yet major knowledge gaps remain. This review article results from the Second International Conference on Tattoo Safety hosted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) and provides a glimpse from the medical-toxicological perspective, regulatory strategies and advances in the analysis of tattoo inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giulbudagian
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Battisini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ana M Blass Rico
- European Commission, DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (GROW), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Corinna Brungs
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Famele
- National Centre for Chemicals, Cosmetic Products and Consumer's Health Protection - Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Foerster
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Birgit Gutsche
- Karlsruhe Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Authority, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Urs Hauri
- Kanton Basel-Stadt, Kantonales Laboratorium, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Karpienko
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication, and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linda M Katz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- "Tattoo Consultation", Department of Dermatology, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
- EADV Tattoo and Body Art Task Force, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jørgen Serup
- Department of Dermatology, the Tattoo Clinic, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ines Schreiver
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology - IVDK, Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Carina Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Simon K, Reichardt P, Luch A, Roloff A, Siewert K, Riedel F. Less efficient skin penetration of the metal allergen Pd 2+ compared to Ni 2+ and Co 2+ from patch test preparations. Contact Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38676576 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrary to Ni2+- and Co2+-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), reactions against Pd2+ are rare. However, Pd2+ activates a larger T cell fraction in vitro, suggesting an inefficient skin penetration. OBJECTIVES This study compares Ni2+, Co2+ and Pd2+ skin penetration from commonly used diagnostic patch test preparations (PTPs) and aqueous metal salt solutions. METHODS Using Franz diffusion cell assays, we applied the metals in PTPs (5% NiSO4, 1% CoCl2, 2% PdCl2 and 3% Na2PdCl4) and in solution to pigskin for 48 h, thereby mirroring the time frame of a patch test. The different compartments were analysed individually by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Metal ions were mainly retained in the upper stratum corneum layers. After application of PTPs, concentrations in the viable skin were lower for Pd2+ (1 and 7 μM) compared to Ni2+ and Co2+ (54 and 17 μM). CONCLUSIONS Ni2+ and Co2+ penetrated the skin more efficiently than Pd2+ and thus may sensitize and elicit ACD more easily. This was observed for ions applied in petrolatum and aqueous solutions. We hypothesize that the differently charged metal complexes are responsible for the varying skin penetration behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Simon
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Riedel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Singh AV, Shelar A, Rai M, Laux P, Thakur M, Donskyi I, Santomauro G, Singh AK, Luch A, Patil R, Bill J. Correction to "Harmonizing Risks and Rewards: Nano-QSAR for Agricultural Nanomaterials". J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8284. [PMID: 38530949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
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Mallock N, Schulz T, Malke S, Dreiack N, Laux P, Luch A. Levels of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in oral nicotine pouches. Tob Control 2024; 33:193-199. [PMID: 38378209 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine pouches without tobacco are new products that deliver nicotine into the body via the oral mucosa. There is a lack of independent research on the chemical composition and product characteristics of these products, contributing to uncertainties regarding product regulation. This study sought to address knowledge gaps by assessing levels of nicotine and screening for tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in a sample of these products. METHODS Nicotine pouches (n=44) and nicotine-free pouches (n=2) from 20 different manufacturers were analysed regarding their contents of nicotine and TSNAs by gas chromatography with flame ionisation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Product labelling and pH values of aqueous extracts were determined. RESULTS Nicotine contents of products ranged from 1.79 to 47.5 mg/pouch; median product weight, pH, and proportion of free-base nicotine were 0.643 g, 8.8, and 86%, respectively. A clear labelling of the nicotine content was missing on 29 products and nicotine strength descriptions were ambiguous. TSNAs were detected in 26 products, with a maximum of 13 ng N-nitrosonornicotine/pouch. CONCLUSION Although nicotine pouches may potentially be a reduced risk alternative for cigarette smokers or users of some other oral tobacco products, nicotine contents of some pouches were alarmingly high. Presence of carcinogenic TSNAs in the nicotine pouches is of serious concern. Better manufacturing processes and quality control standards should be implemented. Labels of nicotine strength on most products are misleading. A strict regulation regarding nicotine contents and its labelling would be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mallock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malke
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Dreiack
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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7
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Singh AV, Shelar A, Rai M, Laux P, Thakur M, Dosnkyi I, Santomauro G, Singh AK, Luch A, Patil R, Bill J. Harmonization Risks and Rewards: Nano-QSAR for Agricultural Nanomaterials. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:2835-2852. [PMID: 38315814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the emerging landscape of Nano-QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) for assessing the risk and potency of nanomaterials in agricultural settings. The paper begins with an introduction to Nano-QSAR, providing background and rationale, and explicitly states the hypotheses guiding the review. The study navigates through various dimensions of nanomaterial applications in agriculture, encompassing their diverse properties, types, and associated challenges. Delving into the principles of QSAR in nanotoxicology, this article elucidates its application in evaluating the safety of nanomaterials, while addressing the unique limitations posed by these materials. The narrative then transitions to the progression of Nano-QSAR in the context of agricultural nanomaterials, exemplified by insightful case studies that highlight both the strengths and the limitations inherent in this methodology. Emerging prospects and hurdles tied to Nano-QSAR in agriculture are rigorously examined, casting light on important pathways forward, existing constraints, and avenues for research enhancement. Culminating in a synthesis of key insights, the review underscores the significance of Nano-QSAR in shaping the future of nanoenabled agriculture. It provides strategic guidance to steer forthcoming research endeavors in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Mansi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Dist-Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manali Thakur
- Uniklinik Köln, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Köln Germany
| | - Ievgen Dosnkyi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Organic ChemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Santomauro
- Institute for Materials Science, Department of Bioinspired Materials, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, ANDUA&T, Ayodhya 224229, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, Department of Bioinspired Materials, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Haidar R, Shabo R, Moeser M, Luch A, Kugler J. The nuclear entry of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) relies on the first nuclear localization signal and can be negatively regulated through IMPα/β specific inhibitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19668. [PMID: 37951956 PMCID: PMC10640566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) undergoes continuous shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm. Binding to exogenous or endogenous ligands promotes its rapid nuclear import. The proposed mechanism for the ligand-dependent import is based on exposing the bipartite nuclear localisation signal (NLS) to members of the importin (IMP) superfamily. Among this, the molecular interactions involved in the basal import still need to be clarified. Utilizing fluorescently fused AHR variants, we recapitulated and characterized AHR localization and nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling in living cells. Analysis of AHR variants carrying NLS point mutations demonstrated a mandatory role of first (13RKRRK17) and second (37KR-R40) NLS segments on the basal import of AHR. Further experiments indicated that ligand-induced import is mainly regulated through the first NLS, while the second NLS is supportive but not essential. Additionally, applying IMPα/β specific inhibitors, ivermectin (IVM) and importazole (IPZ), slowed down the ligand-induced import and, correspondingly, decreased the basal nuclear accumulation of the receptor. In conclusion, our data show that ligand-induced and basal nuclear entry of AHR rely on the same mechanism but are controlled uniquely by the two NLS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Haidar
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Reneh Shabo
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Moeser
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Kugler
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Bloch D, Diel P, Epe B, Hellwig M, Lampen A, Mally A, Marko D, Villar Fernández MA, Guth S, Roth A, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Cadenas C, Nell P, Vartak N, van Thriel C, Luch A, Schmeisser S, Herzler M, Landsiedel R, Leist M, Marx-Stoelting P, Tralau T, Hengstler JG. Basic concepts of mixture toxicity and relevance for risk evaluation and regulation. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3005-3017. [PMID: 37615677 PMCID: PMC10504116 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to multiple substances is a challenge for risk evaluation. Currently, there is an ongoing debate if generic "mixture assessment/allocation factors" (MAF) should be introduced to increase public health protection. Here, we explore concepts of mixture toxicity and the potential influence of mixture regulation concepts for human health protection. Based on this analysis, we provide recommendations for research and risk assessment. One of the concepts of mixture toxicity is additivity. Substances may act additively by affecting the same molecular mechanism within a common target cell, for example, dioxin-like substances. In a second concept, an "enhancer substance" may act by increasing the target site concentration and aggravating the adverse effect of a "driver substance". For both concepts, adequate risk management of individual substances can reliably prevent adverse effects to humans. Furthermore, we discuss the hypothesis that the large number of substances to which humans are exposed at very low and individually safe doses may interact to cause adverse effects. This commentary identifies knowledge gaps, such as the lack of a comprehensive overview of substances regulated under different silos, including food, environmentally and occupationally relevant substances, the absence of reliable human exposure data and the missing accessibility of ratios of current human exposure to threshold values, which are considered safe for individual substances. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms and most susceptible target cells is required. We conclude that, currently, there is no scientific evidence supporting the need for a generic MAF. Rather, we recommend taking more specific measures, which focus on compounds with relatively small ratios between human exposure and doses, at which adverse effects can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bloch
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Risk Assessment Strategies, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - María A Villar Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Nell
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nachiket Vartak
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmeisser
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Herzler
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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Kromer C, Schwibbert K, Radunz S, Thiele D, Laux P, Luch A, Tschiche HR. ROS generating BODIPY loaded nanoparticles for photodynamic eradication of biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1274715. [PMID: 37908542 PMCID: PMC10615615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1274715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can pose a serious health risk to humans and are less susceptible to antibiotics and disinfection than planktonic bacteria. Here, a novel method for biofilm eradication based on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing a nanoparticle in conjunction with a BODIPY derivative as photosensitizer was developed. Reactive oxygen species are generated upon illumination with visible light and lead to a strong, controllable and persistent eradication of both planktonic bacteria and biofilms. One of the biggest challenges in biofilm eradication is the penetration of the antimicrobial agent into the biofilm and its matrix. A biocompatible hydrophilic nanoparticle was utilized as a delivery system for the hydrophobic BODIPY dye and enabled its accumulation within the biofilm. This key feature of delivering the antimicrobial agent to the site of action where it is activated resulted in effective eradication of all tested biofilms. Here, 3 bacterial species that commonly form clinically relevant pathogenic biofilms were selected: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. The development of this antimicrobial photodynamic therapy tool for biofilm eradication takes a promising step towards new methods for the much needed treatment of pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kromer
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Schwibbert
- Department Materials and the Environment, Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dorothea Thiele
- Department Materials and the Environment, Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald R. Tschiche
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Rinaldi S, Pieper E, Schulz T, Zimmermann R, Luch A, Laux P, Mallock-Ohnesorg N. Oral nicotine pouches with an aftertaste? Part 2: in vitro toxicity in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2343-2356. [PMID: 37482550 PMCID: PMC10404181 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine pouches contain fewer characteristic toxicants than conventional tobacco products. However, the associated risks in terms of toxicity and addiction potential are still unclear. Therefore, endpoints of toxicity and contents of flavoring substances were investigated in this study. The in vitro toxicity of five different nicotine pouches and the reference snus CRP1.1 were studied in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). Cells were exposed to product extracts (nicotine contents: 0.03-1.34 mg/mL) and sampled at different time points. Cytotoxicity, total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and changes in the expression levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress genes were assessed. Flavor compounds used in the nicotine pouches were identified by GC-MS. Cytotoxicity was observed in two nicotine pouches. Gene expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) was upregulated by one and three pouches, respectively. ROS production was either increased or decreased, by one pouch each. CRP1.1 caused an upregulation of IL6 and elevated ROS production. Toxicity was not directly dependent on nicotine concentration and osmolarity. A total of 56 flavorings were detected in the five nicotine pouches. Seven flavorings were classified according to the harmonized hazard classification system as laid down in the European Classification, Labelling and Packaging regulation. Nine flavorings are known cytotoxins. Cytotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress responses indicate that adverse effects such as local lesions in the buccal mucosa may occur after chronic product use. In conclusion, flavorings used in nicotine pouches likely contribute to the toxicity of nicotine pouches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany.
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Elke Pieper
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Mallock-Ohnesorg
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Kochs S, Schiewe S, Zang Y, Schmidt R, Blume-Peytavi U, Roloff A, Luch A, Schreiver I. 4-Aminobenzoic acid, 2-phenoxyethanol and iodine used as tracers in a short-term in vivo-kinetics study for tattoo ink ingredients: Mass spectrometry method development and validation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123891. [PMID: 37820471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tattoos have been gaining popularity in recent years, leading to a growing interest in researching tattoo inks and the tattooing process itself. Since the exposure to soluble tattoo ink ingredients has not yet been investigated, we here present the method validation for a short-term biokinetics study on soluble tattoo ink ingredients. The three tracers 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 2-phenoxyethanol (PEtOH) and iodine will be added to commercially available tattoo inks, which will subsequently be used on healthy study participants. Following the tattooing process, blood and urine will be sampled at specific time points and analysed for these tracers. For this purpose, a method using liquid chromatography separation coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS) in positive and negative ESI mode for the quantification of PABA, PEtOH and selected metabolites and an inductively-coupled plasma (ICP)-MS method for the determination of iodine were developed and validated. For LC-QTOF-MS analysis, the most applicable additives for LC eluents (0.01 % formic acid for positive and 0.005 % acetic acid for negative mode) were identified. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was chosen for sample preparation. The methods were validated for selectivity, specificity, carryover, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), matrix effects, accuracy and precision, stability under different conditions and dilution integrity according to national and international guidelines with an allowed maximum variation of ±15 %. The LC-QTOF-MS method met the imposed guideline criteria for most parameters, however, some metabolites showed strong matrix effects. Validation of the ICP-MS method revealed that the KED-H2 collision mode is superior to the standard analysis mode due to enhanced method accuracy. The methods were validated for the relevant matrices plasma, urine, tattoo ink and tattoo consumables and proved to be applicable for the main target substances in the short-term biokinetics study. A proof-of-concept study showed successful quantification of iodine and PABA metabolites. The PEtOH metabolite was also quantified, but showed strong matrix effects in urine. Therefore standard addition was selected as an alternative quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kochs
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sandra Schiewe
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yalei Zang
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Roman Schmidt
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Schreiver
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Mallock-Ohnesorg N, Rinaldi S, Malke S, Dreiack N, Pieper E, Laux P, Schulz T, Zimmermann R, Luch A. Oral nicotine pouches with an aftertaste? Part 1: screening and initial toxicological assessment of flavorings and other ingredients. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2357-2369. [PMID: 37389646 PMCID: PMC10404176 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine pouches are oral products that deliver nicotine without containing tobacco. Previous studies mainly focused on the determination of known tobacco toxicants, while yet no untargeted analysis has been published on unknown constituents, possibly contributing to toxicity. Furthermore, additives might enhance product attractiveness. We therefore performed an aroma screening with 48 different nicotine-containing and two nicotine-free pouches using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, following acidic and basic liquid-liquid extraction. For toxicological assessment of identified substances, European and international classifications for chemical and food safety were consulted. Further, ingredients listed on product packages were counted and grouped by function. Most abundant ingredients comprised sweeteners, aroma substances, humectants, fillers, and acidity regulators. 186 substances were identified. For some substances, acceptable daily intake limits set by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives are likely exceeded by moderate pouch consumption. Eight hazardous substances are classified according to the European CLP regulation. Thirteen substances were not authorized as food flavorings by EFSA, among them impurities such as myosmine and ledol. Three substances were classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The two nicotine-free pouches contain pharmacologically active ingredients such as ashwagandha extract and caffeine. The presence of potentially harmful substances may point to the need for regulation of additives in nicotine-containing and nicotine-free pouches that could be based on provisions for food additives. For sure, additives may not pretend positive health effects in case the product is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mallock-Ohnesorg
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Selina Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malke
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Dreiack
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Pieper
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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14
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Schmeisser S, Miccoli A, von Bergen M, Berggren E, Braeuning A, Busch W, Desaintes C, Gourmelon A, Grafström R, Harrill J, Hartung T, Herzler M, Kass GEN, Kleinstreuer N, Leist M, Luijten M, Marx-Stoelting P, Poetz O, van Ravenzwaay B, Roggeband R, Rogiers V, Roth A, Sanders P, Thomas RS, Marie Vinggaard A, Vinken M, van de Water B, Luch A, Tralau T. New approach methodologies in human regulatory toxicology - Not if, but how and when! Environ Int 2023; 178:108082. [PMID: 37422975 PMCID: PMC10858683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The predominantly animal-centric approach of chemical safety assessment has increasingly come under pressure. Society is questioning overall performance, sustainability, continued relevance for human health risk assessment and ethics of this system, demanding a change of paradigm. At the same time, the scientific toolbox used for risk assessment is continuously enriched by the development of "New Approach Methodologies" (NAMs). While this term does not define the age or the state of readiness of the innovation, it covers a wide range of methods, including quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) predictions, high-throughput screening (HTS) bioassays, omics applications, cell cultures, organoids, microphysiological systems (MPS), machine learning models and artificial intelligence (AI). In addition to promising faster and more efficient toxicity testing, NAMs have the potential to fundamentally transform today's regulatory work by allowing more human-relevant decision-making in terms of both hazard and exposure assessment. Yet, several obstacles hamper a broader application of NAMs in current regulatory risk assessment. Constraints in addressing repeated-dose toxicity, with particular reference to the chronic toxicity, and hesitance from relevant stakeholders, are major challenges for the implementation of NAMs in a broader context. Moreover, issues regarding predictivity, reproducibility and quantification need to be addressed and regulatory and legislative frameworks need to be adapted to NAMs. The conceptual perspective presented here has its focus on hazard assessment and is grounded on the main findings and conclusions from a symposium and workshop held in Berlin in November 2021. It intends to provide further insights into how NAMs can be gradually integrated into chemical risk assessment aimed at protection of human health, until eventually the current paradigm is replaced by an animal-free "Next Generation Risk Assessment" (NGRA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Miccoli
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany; National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Desaintes
- European Commission (EC), Directorate General for Research and Innovation (RTD), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Gourmelon
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate, Paris, France
| | | | - Joshua Harrill
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Durham, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Herzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, USA
| | - Marcel Leist
- CAAT‑Europe and Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Oliver Poetz
- NMI Natural and Medical Science Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany; SIGNATOPE GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Rob Roggeband
- European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA), Procter and Gamble Services Company NV/SA, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian Roth
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Fougeres Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France France
| | - Russell S Thomas
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Durham, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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15
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Simon K, Schneider L, Oberender G, Pirow R, Hutzler C, Luch A, Roloff A. Migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a polymer surrogate through the stratum corneum layer of the skin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 262:115113. [PMID: 37315362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined partition (Ksc/m) and diffusion (Dsc) coefficients of five different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) migrating from squalane into and through the stratum corneum (s.c.) layer of the skin. Carcinogenic PAH have previously been detected in numerous polymer-based consumer products, especially those dyed with carbon black. Upon dermal contact with these products, PAH may penetrate into and through the viable layers of the skin by passing the s.c. and thus may become bioavailable. Squalane, a frequent ingredient in cosmetics, has also been used as a polymer surrogate matrix in previous studies. Ksc/m and Dsc are relevant parameters for risk assessment because they allow estimating the potential of a substance to become bioavailable upon dermal exposure. We developed an analytical method involving incubation of pigskin with naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]pyrene in Franz diffusion cell assays under quasi-infinite dose conditions. PAH were subsequently quantified within individual s.c. layers by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The resulting PAH depth profiles in the s.c. were fitted to a solution of Fick's second law of diffusion, yielding Ksc/m and Dsc. The decadic logarithm logKsc/m ranged from -0.43 to +0.69 and showed a trend to higher values for PAH with higher molecular masses. Dsc, on the other hand, was similar for the four higher molecular mass PAH but about 4.6-fold lower than for naphthalene. Moreover, our data suggests that the s.c./viable epidermis boundary layer represents the most relevant barrier for the skin penetration of higher molecular mass PAH. Finally, we empirically derived a mathematical description of the concentration depth profiles that better fits our data. We correlated the resulting parameters to substance specific constants such as the logarithmic octanol-water partition coefficient logP, Ksc/m and the removal rate at the s.c./viable epidermis boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Simon
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lidia Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gila Oberender
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT), Luxemburger Str. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hutzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Vukas J, Mallock-Ohnesorg N, Rüther T, Pieper E, Romano-Brandt L, Stoll Y, Hoehne L, Burgmann N, Laux P, Luch A, Rabenstein A. Two Different Heated Tobacco Products vs. Cigarettes: Comparison of Nicotine Delivery and Subjective Effects in Experienced Users. Toxics 2023; 11:525. [PMID: 37368625 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) produce aerosol using a different mechanism than tobacco cigarettes, leading to lower emissions of some harmful substances, but also of nicotine as reported by some independent studies. Lower nicotine delivery could lead to compensatory puffing when product use does not sufficiently satisfy cravings. Thus, this three-arm crossover study was conducted to characterize the potential of two different HTPs to deliver nicotine and satisfy cravings compared with conventional cigarettes in users who had already switched to HTPs. Fifteen active, non-exclusive HTP users consumed the study products according to a pre-directed puffing protocol. At predetermined time points, venous blood was sampled and the subjective effects of consumption were assessed. Nicotine delivery by both HTPs was comparable, but significantly lower than that by conventional cigarettes, suggesting a lower addictive potential. Cravings were reduced by all products, with no statistically significant differences between them, despite the different nicotine deliveries. This indicated that HTPs do not necessarily need high nicotine deliveries with high addictive potential, as are characteristic of tobacco cigarettes. These results were followed up on with an ad libitum use study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Vukas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Mallock-Ohnesorg
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Pieper
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luna Romano-Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Hoehne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nestor Burgmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Rabenstein A, Rahofer A, Vukas J, Rieder B, Störzenhofecker K, Stoll Y, Burgmann N, Pieper E, Laux P, Luch A, Rüther T, Mallock-Ohnesorg N. Usage Pattern and Nicotine Delivery during Ad Libitum Consumption of Pod E-Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products. Toxics 2023; 11:toxics11050434. [PMID: 37235249 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many different nicotine delivery products, such as e-cigarettes (e-cigs) or heated tobacco products (HTPs), are available on the market. To better understand these products, it is crucial to learn how consumers use them and how much nicotine they deliver. Therefore, a pod e-cig, an HTP, and a conventional cigarette (CC) were each used by 15 experienced users of the respective product category for 90 min without special use instructions ("ad libitum"). Sessions were video recorded to analyze usage patterns and puff topography. At defined time points, blood was sampled to determine nicotine concentrations, and subjective effects were inquired about using questionnaires. During the study period, the CC and HTP groups averaged the same number of consumption units (both 4.2 units). In the pod e-cig group, the highest number of puffs was taken (pod e-cig 71.9; HTP: 52.2; CC: 42.3 puffs) with the most extended mean puff duration (pod e-cig: 2.8 s; HTP: 1.9 s; CC: 1.8 s). Pod e-cigs were predominantly used with single puffs or in short clusters of 2-5 puffs. The maximum plasma nicotine concentration was highest for CCs, followed by HTPs, and then pod e-cigs with 24.0, 17.7, and 8.0 ng/mL, respectively. Craving was reduced by all products. The results suggest that the high nicotine delivery known for tobacco-containing products (CCs and HTPs) may not be needed for non-tobacco-containing products (pod e-cigs) to satisfy cravings in experienced users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rahofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Vukas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Störzenhofecker
- Department of Social Services, Katholische Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, Standort Köln, Wörthstraße 10, 50668 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nestor Burgmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Pieper
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Mallock-Ohnesorg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Singh AV, Chandrasekar V, Paudel N, Laux P, Luch A, Gemmati D, Tissato V, Prabhu KS, Uddin S, Dakua SP. Integrative toxicogenomics: Advancing precision medicine and toxicology through artificial intelligence and OMICs technology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114784. [PMID: 37121152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
More information about a person's genetic makeup, drug response, multi-omics response, and genomic response is now available leading to a gradual shift towards personalized treatment. Additionally, the promotion of non-animal testing has fueled the computational toxicogenomics as a pivotal part of the next-gen risk assessment paradigm. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to provid new ways analyzing the patient data and making predictions about treatment outcomes or toxicity. As personalized medicine and toxicogenomics involve huge data processing, AI can expedite this process by providing powerful data processing, analysis, and interpretation algorithms. AI can process and integrate a multitude of data including genome data, patient records, clinical data and identify patterns to derive predictive models anticipating clinical outcomes and assessing the risk of any personalized medicine approaches. In this article, we have studied the current trends and future perspectives in personalized medicine & toxicology, the role of toxicogenomics in connecting the two fields, and the impact of AI on personalized medicine & toxicology. In this work, we also study the key challenges and limitations in personalized medicine, toxicogenomics, and AI in order to fully realize their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Namuna Paudel
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu 44600 Nepal
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre Hemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre for Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tissato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre Hemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre for Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Singh AV, Varma M, Laux P, Choudhary S, Datusalia AK, Gupta N, Luch A, Gandhi A, Kulkarni P, Nath B. Artificial intelligence and machine learning disciplines with the potential to improve the nanotoxicology and nanomedicine fields: a comprehensive review. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:963-979. [PMID: 36878992 PMCID: PMC10025217 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in medicine depends largely on nanotoxicological evaluation in order to ensure safe application on living organisms. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (MI) can be used to analyze and interpret large amounts of data in the field of toxicology, such as data from toxicological databases and high-content image-based screening data. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and nano-quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models can be used to predict the behavior and toxic effects of nanomaterials, respectively. PBPK and Nano-QSAR are prominent ML tool for harmful event analysis that is used to understand the mechanisms by which chemical compounds can cause toxic effects, while toxicogenomics is the study of the genetic basis of toxic responses in living organisms. Despite the potential of these methods, there are still many challenges and uncertainties that need to be addressed in the field. In this review, we provide an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology to better understand the potential toxic effects of these materials at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mansi Varma
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Lucknow, 229001, India
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sunil Choudhary
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Lucknow, 229001, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Apex Hospital, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anusha Gandhi
- Elisabeth-Selbert-Gymnasium, Tübinger Str. 71, 70794, Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Pranav Kulkarni
- Seeta Nursing Home, Shivaji Nagar, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422002, India
| | - Banashree Nath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 229405, India
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20
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Singh SL, Chauhan K, Bharadwaj AS, Kishore V, Laux P, Luch A, Singh AV. Polymer Translocation and Nanopore Sequencing: A Review of Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6153. [PMID: 37047125 PMCID: PMC10094227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Various biological processes involve the translocation of macromolecules across nanopores; these pores are basically protein channels embedded in membranes. Understanding the mechanism of translocation is crucial to a range of technological applications, including DNA sequencing, single molecule detection, and controlled drug delivery. In this spirit, numerous efforts have been made to develop polymer translocation-based sequencing devices, these efforts include findings and insights from theoretical modeling, simulations, and experimental studies. As much as the past and ongoing studies have added to the knowledge, the practical realization of low-cost, high-throughput sequencing devices, however, has still not been realized. There are challenges, the foremost of which is controlling the speed of translocation at the single monomer level, which remain to be addressed in order to use polymer translocation-based methods for sensing applications. In this article, we review the recent studies aimed at developing control over the dynamics of polymer translocation through nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarn Lata Singh
- Department of Physics, Mahila Mahavidyalaya (MMV), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Keerti Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Atul S. Bharadwaj
- Department of Physics, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India
| | - Vimal Kishore
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Hachenberger YU, Rosenkranz D, Kromer C, Krause BC, Dreiack N, Kriegel FL, Koz’menko E, Jungnickel H, Tentschert J, Bierkandt FS, Laux P, Panne U, Luch A. Nanomaterial Characterization in Complex Media-Guidance and Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 36903800 PMCID: PMC10005142 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A broad range of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and their dissolved ions possess a possible toxicological risk for human health and the environment. Reliable and robust measurements of dissolution effects may be influenced by the sample matrix, which challenges the analytical method of choice. In this study, CuO NPs were investigated in several dissolution experiments. Two analytical techniques (dynamic light scattering (DLS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were used to characterize NPs (size distribution curves) time-dependently in different complex matrices (e.g., artificial lung lining fluids and cell culture media). The advantages and challenges of each analytical approach are evaluated and discussed. Additionally, a direct-injection single particle (DI sp)ICP-MS technique for assessing the size distribution curve of the dissolved particles was developed and evaluated. The DI technique provides a sensitive response even at low concentrations without any dilution of the complex sample matrix. These experiments were further enhanced with an automated data evaluation procedure to objectively distinguish between ionic and NP events. With this approach, a fast and reproducible determination of inorganic NPs and ionic backgrounds can be achieved. This study can serve as guidance when choosing the optimal analytical method for NP characterization and for the determination of the origin of an adverse effect in NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Uwe Hachenberger
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Rosenkranz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicin, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Rahel-Straus-Straße 10, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kromer
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Christoph Krause
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Dreiack
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Lukas Kriegel
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Koz’menko
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Stefan Bierkandt
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Panne
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Wiśniowska B, Linke S, Polak S, Bielecka Z, Luch A, Pirow R. Data on ADME parameters of bisphenol A and its metabolites for use in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Data Brief 2023; 48:109101. [PMID: 37089201 PMCID: PMC10120294 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the collection of physicochemical parameters of bisphenol A (BPA) and its sulfate (BPAS) and glucuronide (BPAG) conjugates, accompanied by data characterizing their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) behavior following oral administration of BPA. The data were collected from open literature sources and publicly available databases. Additionally, data calculated by using the MarvinSketch 18.30.0 software or predicted by relevant QSAR models built in Simcyp® Simulator were also used. All data were analysed and are fit for purpose if necessary to ensure a reliable prediction of pharmacokinetics of BPA and its conjugates. The data selection process and reasoning for fitting is provided to allow critical assessment and to ensure data transparency. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of the selected parameters on the PBPK model predictions.
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23
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Singh AV, Katz A, Maharjan RS, Gadicherla AK, Richter MH, Heyda J, Del Pino P, Laux P, Luch A. Coronavirus-mimicking nanoparticles (CorNPs) in artificial saliva droplets and nanoaerosols: Influence of shape and environmental factors on particokinetics/particle aerodynamics. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160503. [PMID: 36442637 PMCID: PMC9691506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, abbreviated as SARS-CoV-2, has been associated with the transmission of infectious COVID-19 disease through breathing and speech droplets emitted by infected carriers including asymptomatic cases. As part of SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic preparedness, we studied the transmission of aerosolized air mimicking the infected person releasing speech aerosol with droplets containing CorNPs using a vibrating mesh nebulizer as human patient simulator. Generally speech produces nanoaerosols with droplets of <5 μm in diameter that can travel distances longer than 1 m after release. It is assumed that speech aerosol droplets are a main element of the current Corona virus pandemic, unlike droplets larger than 5 m, which settle down within a 1 m radius. There are no systemic studies, which take into account speech-generated aerosol/droplet experimental validation and their aerodynamics/particle kinetics analysis. In this study, we cover these topics and explore role of residual water in aerosol droplet stability by exploring drying dynamics. Furthermore, a candle experiment was designed to determine whether air pollution might influence respiratory virus like nanoparticle transmission and air stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aaron Katz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Heinrich Richter
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Heyda
- University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT), 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Del Pino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Wiśniowska B, Linke S, Polak S, Bielecka Z, Luch A, Pirow R. Physiologically based modelling of dermal absorption and kinetics of consumer-relevant chemicals: A case study with exposure to bisphenol A from thermal paper. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 459:116357. [PMID: 36572228 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the best studied industrial chemicals in terms of exposure, toxicity, and toxicokinetics. This renders it an ideal candidate to exploit the recent advancements in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to support risk assessment of BPA specifically, and of other consumer-relevant hazardous chemicals in general. Using the exposure from thermal paper as a case scenario, this study employed the multi-phase multi-layer mechanistic dermal absorption (MPML MechDermA) model available in the Simcyp® Simulator to simulate the dermal toxicokinetics of BPA at local and systemic levels. Sensitivity analysis helped to identify physicochemical and physiological factors influencing the systemic exposure to BPA. The iterative modelling process was as follows: (i) development of compound files for BPA and its conjugates, (ii) setting-up of a PBPK model for intravenous administration, (iii) extension for oral administration, and (iv) extension for exposure via skin (i.e., hand) contact. A toxicokinetic study involving hand contact to BPA-containing paper was used for model refinement. Cumulative urinary excretion of total BPA had to be employed for dose reconstruction. PBPK model performance was verified using the observed serum BPA concentrations. The predicted distribution across the skin compartments revealed a depot of BPA in the stratum corneum (SC). These findings shed light on the role of the SC to act as temporary reservoir for lipophilic chemicals prior to systemic absorption, which inter alia is relevant for the interpretation of human biomonitoring data and for establishing the relationship between external and internal measures of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wiśniowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Susanne Linke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK.
| | - Zofia Bielecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK.
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Riedel F, Aparicio-Soto M, Curato C, Münch L, Abbas A, Thierse HJ, Peitsch WK, Luch A, Siewert K. Unique and common TCR repertoire features of Ni 2+ -, Co 2+ -, and Pd 2+ -specific human CD154 + CD4+ T cells. Allergy 2023; 78:270-282. [PMID: 36005389 DOI: 10.1111/all.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from Ni2+ , Co2+ , and Pd2+ ions commonly trigger T cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis. However, in vitro frequencies of metal-specific T cells and the mechanisms of antigen recognition remain unclear. METHODS Here, we utilized a CD154 upregulation assay to quantify Ni2+ -, Co2+ -, and Pd2+ -specific CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Involved αβ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubation with NiSO4 , CoCl2 , and PdCl2 increased frequencies of CD154 + CD4+ memory T cells that peaked at ~400 μM. Activation was TCR-mediated as shown by the metal-specific restimulation of T cell clones. Most abundant were Pd2+ -specific T cells (mean 3.5%, n = 19), followed by Co2+ - and Ni2+ -specific cells (0.6%, n = 18 and 0.3%, n = 20) in both allergic and non-allergic individuals. A strong overrepresentation of the gene segment TRAV9-2 was unique for Ni2+ -specific TCR (28% of TCR) while Co2+ and Pd2+ -specific TCR favorably expressed TRAV2 (8%) and the TRBV4 gene segment family (21%), respectively. As a second, independent mechanism of metal ion recognition, all analyzed metal-specific TCR showed a common overrepresentation of a histidine in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3; 15% of α-chains, 34% of β-chains). The positions of the CDR3 histidine among metal-specific TCR mirrored those in random repertoires and were conserved among cross-reactive clonotypes. CONCLUSIONS Induced CD154 expression allows a fast and comprehensive detection of Ni2+ -, Co2+ -, and Pd2+ -specific CD4+ T cells. Distinct TCR repertoire features underlie the frequent activation and cross-reactivity of human metal-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Riedel
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Curato
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Münch
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amro Abbas
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke K Peitsch
- Department of Dermatology and Phlebology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Beneventi E, Goldbeck C, Zellmer S, Merkel S, Luch A, Tietz T. Migration of styrene oligomers from food contact materials: in silico prediction of possible genotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3013-3032. [PMID: 35963937 PMCID: PMC9376037 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Styrene oligomers (SO) are well-known side products formed during styrene polymerization. They consist mainly of dimers (SD) and trimers (ST) that have been shown to be still residual in polystyrene (PS) materials. In this study migration of SO from PS into sunflower oil at temperatures between 5 and 70 °C and contact times between 0.5 h and 10 days was investigated. In addition, the contents of SD and ST in the fatty foodstuffs créme fraiche and coffee cream, which are typically enwrapped in PS, were measured and the amounts detected (of up to 0.123 mg/kg food) were compared to literature data. From this comparison, it became evident, that the levels of SO migrating from PS packaging into real food call for a comprehensive risk assessment. As a first step towards this direction, possible genotoxicity has to be addressed. Due to technical and experimental limitations, however, the few existing in vitro tests available are unsuited to provide a clear picture. In order to reduce uncertainty of these in vitro tests, four different knowledge and statistics-based in silico tools were applied to such SO that are known to migrate into food. Except for SD4 all evaluated SD and ST showed no alert for genotoxicity. For SD4, either the predictions were inconclusive or the substance was assigned as being out of the chemical space (out of domain) of the respective in silico tool. Therefore, the absence of genotoxicity of SD4 requires additional experimental proof. Apart from SD4, in silico studies supported the limited in vitro data that indicated the absence of genotoxicity of SO. In conclusion, the overall migration of all SO together into food of up to 50 µg/kg does not raise any health concerns, given the currently available in silico and in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Beneventi
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Goldbeck
- Chemical and Veterinary, Analytical Institute Muensterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), 48147, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zellmer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Merkel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Tietz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Tschiche HR, Bierkandt FS, Creutzenberg O, Fessard V, Franz R, Greiner R, Gruber-Traub C, Haas KH, Haase A, Hartwig A, Hesse B, Hund-Rinke K, Iden P, Kromer C, Loeschner K, Mutz D, Rakow A, Rasmussen K, Rauscher H, Richter H, Schoon J, Schmid O, Som C, Spindler LM, Tovar GEM, Westerhoff P, Wohlleben W, Luch A, Laux P. Analytical and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials in different product groups: Challenges and opportunities. NanoImpact 2022; 28:100416. [PMID: 35995388 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread integration of engineered nanomaterials into consumer and industrial products creates new challenges and requires innovative approaches in terms of design, testing, reliability, and safety of nanotechnology. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of different product groups in which nanomaterials are present and outline their safety aspects for consumers. Here, release of nanomaterials and related analytical challenges and solutions as well as toxicological considerations, such as dose-metrics, are discussed. Additionally, the utilization of engineered nanomaterials as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals to deliver and release cargo molecules is covered. Furthermore, critical pathways for human exposure to nanomaterials, namely inhalation and ingestion, are discussed in the context of risk assessment. Analysis of NMs in food, innovative medicine or food contact materials is discussed. Specific focus is on the presence and release of nanomaterials, including whether nanomaterials can migrate from polymer nanocomposites used in food contact materials. With regard to the toxicology and toxicokinetics of nanomaterials, aspects of dose metrics of inhalation toxicity as well as ingestion toxicology and comparison between in vitro and in vivo conclusions are considered. The definition of dose descriptors to be applied in toxicological testing is emphasized. In relation to potential exposure from different products, opportunities arising from the use of advanced analytical techniques in more unique scenarios such as release of nanomaterials from medical devices such as orthopedic implants are addressed. Alongside higher product performance and complexity, further challenges regarding material characterization and safety, as well as acceptance by the general public are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald R Tschiche
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank S Bierkandt
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Roland Franz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Freising, Germany
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carmen Gruber-Traub
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Haas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Kromer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diana Mutz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Research Strategy and Coordination, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasia Rakow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany; Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Rauscher
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Hannes Richter
- Fraunhofer IKTS - Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Hermsdorf, Germany
| | - Janosch Schoon
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Som
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lena M Spindler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany; University of Stuttgart, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology (IGVP), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter E M Tovar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany; University of Stuttgart, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology (IGVP), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | | | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Singh AV, Chandrasekar V, Laux P, Luch A, Dakua SP, Zamboni P, Shelar A, Yang Y, Pandit V, Tisato V, Gemmati D. Micropatterned Neurovascular Interface to Mimic the Blood–Brain Barrier’s Neurophysiology and Micromechanical Function: A BBB-on-CHIP Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182801. [PMID: 36139383 PMCID: PMC9497163 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid blood–brain barrier (BBB)-on-chip cell culture device is proposed in this study by integrating microcontact printing and perfusion co-culture to facilitate the study of BBB function under high biological fidelity. This is achieved by crosslinking brain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to the transwell membrane at the luminal surface and adapting inlet–outlet perfusion on the porous transwell wall. While investigating the anatomical hallmarks of the BBB, tight junction proteins revealed tortuous zonula occludens (ZO-1), and claudin expressions with increased interdigitation in the presence of astrocytes were recorded. Enhanced adherent junctions were also observed. This junctional phenotype reflects in-vivo-like features related to the jamming of cell borders to prevent paracellular transport. Biochemical regulation of BBB function by astrocytes was noted by the transient intracellular calcium effluxes induced into endothelial cells. Geometry-force control of astrocyte–endothelial cell interactions was studied utilizing traction force microscopy (TFM) with fluorescent beads incorporated into a micropatterned polyacrylamide gel (PAG). We observed the directionality and enhanced magnitude in the traction forces in the presence of astrocytes. In the future, we envisage studying transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the effect of chemomechanical stimulations on drug/ligand permeability and transport. The BBB-on-chip model presented in this proposal should serve as an in vitro surrogate to recapitulate the complexities of the native BBB cellular milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (S.P.D.)
| | | | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarada Prasad Dakua
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (S.P.D.)
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yin Yang
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 24404, Qatar
| | - Vaibhav Pandit
- Dynex Technologies, 14340 Sullyfield Circle, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Centre Hemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Centre Hemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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29
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Herzler M, Marx-Stoelting P, Pirow R, Riebeling C, Luch A, Tralau T, Schwerdtle T, Hensel A. Reply to the opinion paper "The EU chemicals strategy for sustainability: an opportunity to develop new approaches for hazard assessment" by Scholz et al. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2387-2390. [PMID: 35687126 PMCID: PMC9217875 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Herzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Peters R, Elbers I, Undas A, Sijtsma E, Briffa S, Carnell-Morris P, Siupa A, Yoon TH, Burr L, Schmid D, Tentschert J, Hachenberger Y, Jungnickel H, Luch A, Meier F, Kocic J, Kim J, Park BC, Hardy B, Johnston C, Jurkschat K, Radnik J, Hodoroaba VD, Lynch I, Valsami-Jones E. Correction: Peters et al. Benchmarking the ACEnano Toolbox for Characterisation of Nanoparticle Size and Concentration by Interlaboratory Comparison. Molecules 2021, 26, 5315. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154849. [PMID: 35956999 PMCID: PMC9369926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ingrid Elbers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Undas
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
| | - Eelco Sijtsma
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
| | - Sophie Briffa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.B.); (I.L.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - Pauline Carnell-Morris
- Malvern Panalytical, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 1XZ, UK; (P.C.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Siupa
- Malvern Panalytical, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 1XZ, UK; (P.C.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Loïc Burr
- CSEM, Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Lanfquart, Switzerland; (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - David Schmid
- CSEM, Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Lanfquart, Switzerland; (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Yves Hachenberger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Rankine-Str. 1, 86899 Landsberg, Germany;
| | - Jovana Kocic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Jaeseok Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (B.C.P.)
| | - Byong Chon Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (B.C.P.)
| | - Barry Hardy
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Colin Johnston
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK; (C.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK; (C.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Jörg Radnik
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (J.R.); (V.-D.H.)
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (J.R.); (V.-D.H.)
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.B.); (I.L.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.B.); (I.L.); (E.V.-J.)
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31
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Singh AV, Kayal A, Malik A, Maharjan RS, Dietrich P, Thissen A, Siewert K, Curato C, Pande K, Prahlad D, Kulkarni N, Laux P, Luch A. Interfacial Water in the SARS Spike Protein: Investigating the Interaction with Human ACE2 Receptor and In Vitro Uptake in A549 Cells. Langmuir 2022; 38:7976-7988. [PMID: 35736838 PMCID: PMC9260741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The severity of global pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has engaged the researchers and clinicians to find the key features triggering the viral infection to lung cells. By utilizing such crucial information, researchers and scientists try to combat the spread of the virus. Here, in this work, we performed in silico analysis of the protein-protein interactions between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor to highlight the key alteration that happened from SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed and compared the molecular differences between spike proteins of the two viruses using various computational approaches such as binding affinity calculations, computational alanine, and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding affinity calculations showed that SARS-CoV-2 binds a little more firmly to the hACE2 receptor than SARS-CoV. The major finding obtained from molecular dynamics simulations was that the RBD-ACE2 interface is populated with water molecules and interacts strongly with both RBD and ACE2 interfacial residues during the simulation periods. The water-mediated hydrogen bond by the bridge water molecules is crucial for stabilizing the RBD and ACE2 domains. Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) confirmed the presence of vapor and molecular water phases in the protein-protein interfacial domain, further validating the computationally predicted interfacial water molecules. In addition, we examined the role of interfacial water molecules in virus uptake by lung cell A549 by binding and maintaining the RBD/hACE2 complex at varying temperatures using nanourchins coated with spike proteins as pseudoviruses and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as a quantitative approach. The structural and dynamical features presented here may serve as a guide for developing new drug molecules, vaccines, or antibodies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Dietrich
- SPECS
Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thissen
- SPECS
Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Laux
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Kromer C, Schwibbert K, Gadicherla AK, Thiele D, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Laux P, Resch-Genger U, Luch A, Tschiche HR. Monitoring and imaging pH in biofilms utilizing a fluorescent polymeric nanosensor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9823. [PMID: 35701457 PMCID: PMC9197968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in nature and in the man-made environment. Given their harmful effects on human health, an in-depth understanding of biofilms and the monitoring of their formation and growth are important. Particularly relevant for many metabolic processes and survival strategies of biofilms is their extracellular pH. However, most conventional techniques are not suited for minimally invasive pH measurements of living biofilms. Here, a fluorescent nanosensor is presented for ratiometric measurements of pH in biofilms in the range of pH 4.5–9.5 using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The nanosensor consists of biocompatible polystyrene nanoparticles loaded with pH-inert dye Nile Red and is surface functionalized with a pH-responsive fluorescein dye. Its performance was validated by fluorometrically monitoring the time-dependent changes in pH in E. coli biofilms after glucose inoculation at 37 °C and 4 °C. This revealed a temperature-dependent decrease in pH over a 4-h period caused by the acidifying glucose metabolism of E. coli. These studies demonstrate the applicability of this nanosensor to characterize the chemical microenvironment in biofilms with fluorescence methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kromer
- Division 75 "Product Materials and Nanotechnology", Department Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dorn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Schwibbert
- Department Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Thiele
- Department Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Division 1.2 "Biophotonics", Department Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Division 75 "Product Materials and Nanotechnology", Department Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dorn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division 1.2 "Biophotonics", Department Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Luch
- Division 75 "Product Materials and Nanotechnology", Department Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dorn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald R Tschiche
- Division 75 "Product Materials and Nanotechnology", Department Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dorn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Chandrasekar V, Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Dakua SP, Balakrishnan S, Dash S, Laux P, Luch A, Singh S, Pradhan M. Perspectives on the Technological Aspects and Biomedical Applications of Virus‐Like Particles/Nanoparticles in Reproductive Biology: Insights on the Medicinal and Toxicological Outlook. Advanced NanoBiomed Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Sagnika Dash
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Apollo Clinic Qatar 23656 Doha Qatar
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli UP 226001 India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Fetal Medicine Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Reabareli Road Lucknow UP 226014 India
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34
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Jalili P, Krause BC, Lanceleur R, Burel A, Jungnickel H, Lampen A, Laux P, Luch A, Fessard V, Hogeveen K. Chronic effects of two rutile TiO 2 nanomaterials in human intestinal and hepatic cell lines. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:37. [PMID: 35578293 PMCID: PMC9112549 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TiO2 nanomaterials (NMs) are present in a variety of food and personal hygiene products, and consumers are exposed daily to these NMs through oral exposition. While the bulk of ingested TiO2 NMs are eliminated rapidly in stool, a fraction is able to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier and enter systemic circulation from where NMs can be distributed to tissues, primarily liver and spleen. Daily exposure to TiO2 NMs, in combination with a slow rate of elimination from tissues, results in their accumulation within different tissues. Considerable evidence suggests that following oral exposure to TiO2 NMs, the presence of NMs in tissues is associated with a number of adverse effects, both in intestine and liver. Although numerous studies have been performed in vitro investigating the acute effects of TiO2 NMs in intestinal and hepatic cell models, considerably less is known about the effect of repeated exposure on these models. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of repeated exposure of relevant models of intestine and liver to two TiO2 NMs differing in hydrophobicity for 24 h, 1 week and 2 weeks at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 80 µg/cm2. To study the persistence of these two NMs in cells, we included a 1-week recovery period following 24 h and 1-week treatments. Cellular uptake by TEM and ToF–SIMS analyses, as well as the viability and pro-inflammatory response were evaluated. Changes in the membrane composition in Caco-2 and HepaRG cells treated with TiO2 NMs for up to 2 weeks were also studied.
Results Despite the uptake of NM-103 and NM-104 in cells, no significant cytotoxic effects were observed in either Caco-2 or HepaRG cells treated for up to 2 weeks at NM concentrations up to 80 µg/cm2. In addition, no significant effects on IL-8 secretion were observed. However, significant changes in membrane composition were observed in both cell lines. Interestingly, while most of these phospholipid modifications were reversed following a 1-week recovery, others were not affected by the recovery period. Conclusion These findings indicate that although no clear effects on cytotoxicity were observed following repeated exposure of differentiated Caco-2 and HepaRG cells to TiO2 NMs, subtle effects on membrane composition could induce potential adverse effects in the long-term. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00470-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pégah Jalili
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat - Javené, 35306, Fougères, France
| | | | - Rachelle Lanceleur
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat - Javené, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- MRic Cell Imaging Platform, BIOSIT, University of Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard - CS 34317, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat - Javené, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat - Javené, 35306, Fougères, France.
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35
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Reisinger K, Fieblinger D, Heppenheimer A, Kreutz J, Liebsch M, Luch A, Maul K, Poth A, Strauch P, Dony E, Schulz M, Wolf T, Pirow R. The hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN): validation data set. Mutagenesis 2022; 37:61-75. [PMID: 34080017 PMCID: PMC9071061 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical in vitro genotoxicity test battery is known to be sensitive for indicating genotoxicity. However, a high rate of 'misleading positives' was reported when three assays were combined as required by several legislations. Despite the recent optimisations of the standard in vitro tests, two gaps could hardly be addressed with assays based on 2D monolayer cell cultures: the route of exposure and a relevant intrinsic metabolic capacity to transform pro-mutagens into reactive metabolites. Following these considerations, fertilised chicken eggs have been introduced into genotoxicity testing and were combined with a classical read-out parameter, the micronucleus frequency in circulating erythrocytes, to develop the hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN). As a major advantage, the test mirrors the systemic availability of compounds after oral exposure by reflecting certain steps of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) without being considered as an animal experiment. The assay is supposed to add to a toolbox of assays to follow up on positive findings from initial testing with classical in vitro assays. We here report on a validation exercise, in which >30 chemicals were tested double-blinded in three laboratories. The specificity and sensitivity of the HET-MN were calculated to be 98 and 84%, respectively, corresponding to an overall accuracy of 91%. A detailed protocol, which includes a picture atlas detailing the cell and micronuclei analysis, is published in parallel (Maul et al. Validation of the hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN): detailed protocol including scoring atlas, historical control data and statistical analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmar Fieblinger
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Liebsch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Maul
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Poth
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Pamela Strauch
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Eva Dony
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schulz
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Pirow
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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36
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Maharjan RS, Singh AV, Hanif J, Rosenkranz D, Haidar R, Shelar A, Singh SP, Dey A, Patil R, Zamboni P, Laux P, Luch A. Investigation of the Associations between a Nanomaterial's Microrheology and Toxicology. ACS Omega 2022; 7:13985-13997. [PMID: 35559161 PMCID: PMC9089358 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of Nanotechnology, the use of nanomaterials in consumer products is increasing on a daily basis, due to which a deep understanding and proper investigation regarding their safety and risk assessment should be a major priority. To date, there is no investigation regarding the microrheological properties of nanomaterials (NMs) in biological media. In our study, we utilized in silico models to select the suitable NMs based on their physicochemical properties such as solubility and lipophilicity. Then, we established a new method based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) microrheology to get the mean square displacement (MSD) and viscoelastic property of two model NMs that are dendrimers and cerium dioxide nanoparticles in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) complete media at three different concentrations for both NMs. Subsequently, we established the cytotoxicological profiling using water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. To take one step forward, we further looked into the tight junction properties of the cells using immunostaining with Zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) antibodies and found that the tight junction function or transepithelial resistance (TEER) was affected in response to the microrheology and cytotoxicity. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results in the gene expression of ZO-1 after the 24 h treatment with NPs further validates the findings of immunostaining results. This new method that we established will be a reference point for other NM studies which are used in our day-to-day consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Singh Maharjan
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Javaria Hanif
- University
of Potsdam, Department of Food
Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Rosenkranz
- Klinikum
Oldenburg, University Medical Center Oldenburg,
Institute for Clinic Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rashad Haidar
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department
of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | | | - Aditya Dey
- Faculty
of Informatics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department
of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Department
of Translational Medicine for Romagna, University
of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peter Laux
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Gernun S, Franzen KF, Mallock N, Benthien J, Luch A, Mortensen K, Drömann D, Pogarell O, Rüther T, Rabenstein A. Cardiovascular functions and arterial stiffness after JUUL use. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:34. [PMID: 35431721 PMCID: PMC8973023 DOI: 10.18332/tid/144317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Gernun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaas F. Franzen
- Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Germany
| | - Nadja Mallock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Benthien
- Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Drömann
- Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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38
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Shelar A, Singh AV, Dietrich P, Maharjan RS, Thissen A, Didwal PN, Shinde M, Laux P, Luch A, Mathe V, Jahnke T, Chaskar M, Patil R. Emerging cold plasma treatment and machine learning prospects for seed priming: a step towards sustainable food production. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10467-10488. [PMID: 35425017 PMCID: PMC8982346 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds are vulnerable to physical and biological stresses during the germination process. Seed priming strategies can alleviate such stresses. Seed priming is a technique of treating and drying seeds prior to germination in order to accelerate the metabolic process of germination. Multiple benefits are offered by seed priming techniques, such as reducing fertilizer use, accelerating seed germination, and inducing systemic resistance in plants, which are both cost-effective and eco-friendly. For seed priming, cold plasma (CP)-mediated priming could be an innovative alternative to synthetic chemical treatments. CP priming is an eco-friendly, safe and economical, yet relatively less explored technique towards the development of seed priming. In this review, we discussed in detail the application of CP technology for seed priming to enhance germination, the quality of seeds, and the production of crops in a sustainable manner. Additionally, the combination treatment of CP with nanoparticle (NP) priming is also discussed. The large numbers of parameters need to be monitored and optimized during CP treatment to achieve the desired priming results. Here, we discussed a new perspective of machine learning for modeling plasma treatment parameters in agriculture for the development of synergistic protocols for different types of seed priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Paul Dietrich
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH Voltastrasse 5 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Thissen
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH Voltastrasse 5 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Pravin N Didwal
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Manish Shinde
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Panchawati Pune 411008 India
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Vikas Mathe
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India
| | - Timotheus Jahnke
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research 61920 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manohar Chaskar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India
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39
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Minelli C, Wywijas M, Bartczak D, Cuello-Nuñez S, Infante HG, Deumer J, Gollwitzer C, Krumrey M, Murphy KE, Johnson ME, Montoro Bustos AR, Strenge IH, Faure B, Høghøj P, Tong V, Burr L, Norling K, Höök F, Roesslein M, Kocic J, Hendriks L, Kestens V, Ramaye Y, Contreras Lopez MC, Auclair G, Mehn D, Gilliland D, Potthoff A, Oelschlägel K, Tentschert J, Jungnickel H, Krause BC, Hachenberger YU, Reichardt P, Luch A, Whittaker TE, Stevens MM, Gupta S, Singh A, Lin FH, Liu YH, Costa AL, Baldisserri C, Jawad R, Andaloussi SEL, Holme MN, Lee TG, Kwak M, Kim J, Ziebel J, Guignard C, Cambier S, Contal S, Gutleb AC, Kuba Tatarkiewicz J, Jankiewicz BJ, Bartosewicz B, Wu X, Fagan JA, Elje E, Rundén-Pran E, Dusinska M, Kaur IP, Price D, Nesbitt I, O Reilly S, Peters RJB, Bucher G, Coleman D, Harrison AJ, Ghanem A, Gering A, McCarron E, Fitzgerald N, Cornelis G, Tuoriniemi J, Sakai M, Tsuchida H, Maguire C, Prina-Mello A, Lawlor AJ, Adams J, Schultz CL, Constantin D, Thanh NTK, Tung LD, Panariello L, Damilos S, Gavriilidis A, Lynch I, Fryer B, Carrazco Quevedo A, Guggenheim E, Briffa S, Valsami-Jones E, Huang Y, Keller AA, Kinnunen VT, Perämäki S, Krpetic Z, Greenwood M, Shard AG. Versailles project on advanced materials and standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on measuring the number concentration of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2022; 14:4690-4704. [PMID: 35262538 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe the outcome of a large international interlaboratory study of the measurement of particle number concentration of colloidal nanoparticles, project 10 of the technical working area 34, "Nanoparticle Populations" of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS). A total of 50 laboratories delivered results for the number concentration of 30 nm gold colloidal nanoparticles measured using particle tracking analysis (PTA), single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light spectroscopy, centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The study provides quantitative data to evaluate the repeatability of these methods and their reproducibility in the measurement of number concentration of model nanoparticle systems following a common measurement protocol. We find that the population-averaging methods of SAXS, CLS and UV-Vis have high measurement repeatability and reproducibility, with between-labs variability of 2.6%, 11% and 1.4% respectively. However, results may be significantly biased for reasons including inaccurate material properties whose values are used to compute the number concentration. Particle-counting method results are less reproducibile than population-averaging methods, with measured between-labs variability of 68% and 46% for PTA and spICP-MS respectively. This study provides the stakeholder community with important comparative data to underpin measurement reproducibility and method validation for number concentration of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Minelli
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Magdalena Wywijas
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Dorota Bartczak
- National Measurement Laboratory, Queens road, Teddington TW11 0LY, UK
| | | | | | - Jerome Deumer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gollwitzer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krumrey
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen E Murphy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8391, USA
| | - Monique E Johnson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8391, USA
| | - Antonio R Montoro Bustos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8391, USA
| | - Ingo H Strenge
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8391, USA
| | - Bertrand Faure
- Xenocs SAS, 1-3 Allée du Nanomètre, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Høghøj
- Xenocs SAS, 1-3 Allée du Nanomètre, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vivian Tong
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Loïc Burr
- CSEM SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7242 Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Karin Norling
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Kocic
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vikram Kestens
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Yannic Ramaye
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Auclair
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Annegret Potthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Oelschlägel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin C Krause
- The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yves U Hachenberger
- The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Reichardt
- The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas E Whittaker
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition road, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition road, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Akash Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Fang-Hsin Lin
- Centre for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 321, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30011, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Centre for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 321, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30011, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Anna Luisa Costa
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldisserri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Rid Jawad
- Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Margaret N Holme
- Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition road, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kwak
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Johanna Ziebel
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Cedric Guignard
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Servane Contal
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Bartosz Bartosewicz
- Military University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2 str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8391, USA
| | - Elisabeth Elje
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
- University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Inder Preet Kaur
- Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - David Price
- PerkinElmer, Chalfont Road, Seer Green, Bucks HP92FX, UK
| | - Ian Nesbitt
- Public Analyst's Laboratory, Sir Patrick Duns, Lower Grand Canal Street, Dublin 2, D02 P667, Ireland
| | - Sarah O Reilly
- Public Analyst's Laboratory, Sir Patrick Duns, Lower Grand Canal Street, Dublin 2, D02 P667, Ireland
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Bucher
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Ghanem
- SOLVAY Research & Innovation, Brussels Centre, Rue de Ransbeek 310, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Gering
- SOLVAY Research & Innovation, Brussels Centre, Rue de Ransbeek 310, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eileen McCarron
- State Laboratory, Backweston Campus, Young's Cross, Celbridge, Co Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Niamh Fitzgerald
- State Laboratory, Backweston Campus, Young's Cross, Celbridge, Co Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jani Tuoriniemi
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Midori Sakai
- Toray Research Center, Inc., 3-3-7 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 5208567, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Tsuchida
- Toray Research Center, Inc., 3-3-7 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 5208567, Japan
| | - Ciarán Maguire
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan J Lawlor
- UK centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Jessica Adams
- UK centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Carolin L Schultz
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Doru Constantin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Le Duc Tung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Spyridon Damilos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin Fryer
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Ana Carrazco Quevedo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Emily Guggenheim
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie Briffa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Virva-Tuuli Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Siiri Perämäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Zeljka Krpetic
- School of Science Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK
| | - Michael Greenwood
- School of Science Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK
| | - Alexander G Shard
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
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Curato C, Aparicio-Soto M, Riedel F, Wehl I, Basaran A, Abbas A, Thierse HJ, Luch A, Siewert K. Frequencies and TCR Repertoires of Human 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-specific T Cells. Front Toxicol 2022; 4:827109. [PMID: 35295228 PMCID: PMC8915883 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.827109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a widespread T cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease, but in vitro monitoring of chemical-specific T cells remains challenging. We here introduce short-term CD154/CD137 upregulation to monitor human T cell responses to the experimental sensitizer 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donor buffy coats were TNBS-modified and incubated with unmodified PBMC. After 5 and 16 h, we detected TNBS-specific activated CD154+CD4+ and CD137+CD8+ T cells by multi-parameter flow cytometry, respectively. Activated cells were sorted for restimulation and bulk T cell receptor (TCR) high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Stimulation with TNBS-modified cells (3 mM) induced CD154 expression on 0.04% of CD4+ and CD137 expression on 0.60% of CD8+ memory T cells, respectively (means, n = 11–17 donors). CD69 co-expression argued for TCR-mediated activation, which was further supported by TNBS-specific restimulation of 10/13 CD154+CD4+ and 11/15 CD137+CD8+ T cell clones and lines. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) blocking antibodies prevented activation, illustrating MHC restriction. The high frequencies of TNBS-specific T cells were associated with distinct common changes in the TCR β-chain repertoire. We observed an overrepresentation of tryptophan and lysine in the complementarity determining regions 3 (CDR3) (n = 3–5 donors), indicating a preferential interaction of these amino acids with the TNBS-induced epitopes. In summary, the detection of TNBS-specific T cells by CD154/CD137 upregulation is a fast, comprehensive and quantitative method. Combined with TCR HTS, the mechanisms of chemical allergen recognition that underlie unusually frequent T cell activation can be assessed. In the future, this approach may be adapted to detect T cells activated by additional chemical sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Curato
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Riedel
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrun Wehl
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alev Basaran
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amro Abbas
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Dermatotoxicology Study Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katherina Siewert,
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Aparicio-Soto M, Curato C, Riedel F, Thierse HJ, Luch A, Siewert K. In Vitro Monitoring of Human T Cell Responses to Skin Sensitizing Chemicals-A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010083. [PMID: 35011644 PMCID: PMC8750770 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemical allergies are T cell-mediated diseases that often manifest in the skin as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To prevent ACD on a public health scale and avoid elicitation reactions at the individual patient level, predictive and diagnostic tests, respectively, are indispensable. Currently, there is no validated in vitro T cell assay available. The main bottlenecks concern the inefficient generation of T cell epitopes and the detection of rare antigen-specific T cells. Methods: Here, we systematically review original experimental research papers describing T cell activation to chemical skin sensitizers. We focus our search on studies published in the PubMed and Scopus databases on non-metallic allergens in the last 20 years. Results: We identified 37 papers, among them 32 (86%) describing antigen-specific human T cell activation to 31 different chemical allergens. The remaining studies measured the general effects of chemical allergens on T cell function (five studies, 14%). Most antigen-specific studies used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as antigen-presenting cells (APC, 75%) and interrogated the blood T cell pool (91%). Depending on the individual chemical properties, T cell epitopes were generated either by direct administration into the culture medium (72%), separate modification of autologous APC (29%) or by use of hapten-modified model proteins (13%). Read-outs were mainly based on proliferation (91%), often combined with cytokine secretion (53%). The analysis of T cell clones offers additional opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of epitope formation and cross-reactivity (13%). The best researched allergen was p-phenylenediamine (PPD, 12 studies, 38%). For this and some other allergens, stronger immune responses were observed in some allergic patients (15/31 chemicals, 48%), illustrating the in vivo relevance of the identified T cells while detection limits remain challenging in many cases. Interpretation: Our results illustrate current hardships and possible solutions to monitoring T cell responses to individual chemical skin sensitizers. The provided data can guide the further development of T cell assays to unfold their full predictive and diagnostic potential, including cross-reactivity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Franziska Riedel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-18412-57001
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Karkossa I, Bannuscher A, Hellack B, Wohlleben W, Laloy J, Stan MS, Dinischiotu A, Wiemann M, Luch A, Haase A, von Bergen M, Schubert K. Nanomaterials induce different levels of oxidative stress, depending on the used model system: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo effects. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149538. [PMID: 34428663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The immense diversity and constant development of nanomaterials (NMs) increase the need for a facilitated risk assessment, which requires knowledge of the modes of action (MoAs) of NMs. This necessitates a comprehensive data basis, which can be obtained using omics. Furthermore, the establishment of suitable in vitro test systems is essential to follow the 3R concept and to cope with the high number of NMs. In the present study, we aimed to compare NM effects in vitro and in vivo using a multi-omics approach. We applied an integrated data analysis strategy based on proteomics and metabolomics to four silica NMs and one titanium dioxide-based NM. For the in vitro investigations, rat alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) and rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) were treated with different doses of NMs, and the results were compared with the effects on rat lungs after short-term inhalations and instillations. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been described as a critical biological effect of NMs, we focused on different levels of oxidative stress. Thus, we found opposite changes in proteins and metabolites related to the production of reduced glutathione in alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, demonstrating that the MoAs of NMs depend on the model system used. Interestingly, in vivo, pathways related to inflammation were more affected than oxidative stress responses. Hence, the assignment of the observed effects to levels of oxidative stress was also different in vitro and in vivo. However, the overall classification of "active" and "passive" NMs was consistent in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that both cell lines tested are suitable for the assessment of NM toxicity. In summary, the results presented here highlight the need to carefully review model systems to decipher the extent to which they can replace in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Bannuscher
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany; Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Hellack
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) e.V., Duisburg, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany
| | | | - Julie Laloy
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Nanosafety Centre, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Miruna S Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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Krüger O, Ebner I, Kappenstein O, Roloff A, Luch A, Bruhn T. Towards a better comparability during GMP assessment – Identifying the main parameters that influence the loss of volatile organic compounds from silicone elastomers. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jalili P, Huet S, Burel A, Krause BC, Fontana C, Chevance S, Gauffre F, Guichard Y, Lampen A, Laux P, Luch A, Hogeveen K, Fessard V. Genotoxic impact of aluminum-containing nanomaterials in human intestinal and hepatic cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 78:105257. [PMID: 34688838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of consumers to aluminum-containing nanomaterials (Al NMs) is an area of concern for public health agencies. As the available data on the genotoxicity of Al2O3 and Al0 NMs are inconclusive or rare, the present study investigated their in vitro genotoxic potential in intestinal and liver cell models, and compared with the ionic form AlCl3. Intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepaRG cells were exposed to Al0 and Al2O3 NMs (0.03 to 80 μg/cm2). Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured using High Content Analysis. Genotoxicity was investigated through γH2AX labelling, the alkaline comet and micronucleus assays. Moreover, oxidative DNA damage and carcinogenic properties were assessed using the Fpg-modified comet assay and the cell transforming assay in Bhas 42 cells respectively. The three forms of Al did not induce chromosomal damage. However, although no production of oxidative stress was detected, Al2O3 NMs induced oxidative DNA damage in Caco-2 cells but not likely related to ion release in the cell media. Considerable DNA damage was observed with Al0 NMs in both cell lines in the comet assay, likely due to interference with these NMs. No genotoxic effects were observed with AlCl3. None of the Al compounds induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, γH2AX or cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pégah Jalili
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Sylvie Huet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- MRic Cell Imaging Platform, BIOSIT, University of Rennes 1, campus Santé de Villejean, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard - CS, 34317, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin-Christoph Krause
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Fontana
- INRS, 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027, 54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Soizic Chevance
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yves Guichard
- INRS, 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027, 54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France.
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Riedel F, Aparicio-Soto M, Curato C, Thierse HJ, Siewert K, Luch A. Immunological Mechanisms of Metal Allergies and the Nickel-Specific TCR-pMHC Interface. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:10867. [PMID: 34682608 PMCID: PMC8535423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Besides having physiological functions and general toxic effects, many metal ions can cause allergic reactions in humans. We here review the immune events involved in the mediation of metal allergies. We focus on nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and palladium (Pd), because these allergens are among the most prevalent sensitizers (Ni, Co) and immediate neighbors in the periodic table of the chemical elements. Co-sensitization between Ni and the other two metals is frequent while the knowledge on a possible immunological cross-reactivity using in vivo and in vitro approaches remains limited. At the center of an allergic reaction lies the capability of a metal allergen to form T cell epitopes that are recognized by specific T cell receptors (TCR). Technological advances such as activation-induced marker assays and TCR high-throughput sequencing recently provided new insights into the interaction of Ni2+ with the αβ TCR-peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interface. Ni2+ functionally binds to the TCR gene segment TRAV9-2 or a histidine in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3), the main antigen binding region. Thus, we overview known, newly identified and hypothesized mechanisms of metal-specific T cell activation and discuss current knowledge on cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Riedel
- Department for Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (H.-J.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department for Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (H.-J.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department for Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (H.-J.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Department for Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (H.-J.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department for Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (H.-J.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department for Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (H.-J.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Singh AV, Romeo A, Scott K, Wagener S, Leibrock L, Laux P, Luch A, Kerkar P, Balakrishnan S, Dakua SP, Park B. Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2021). Adv Healthc Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202170082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shelar A, Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Laux P, Luch A, Gemmati D, Tisato V, Singh SP, Santilli MF, Shelar A, Chaskar M, Patil R. Sustainable Agriculture through Multidisciplinary Seed Nanopriming: Prospects of Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2021; 10:2428. [PMID: 34572078 PMCID: PMC8472472 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global community decided in 2015 to improve people's lives by 2030 by setting 17 global goals for sustainable development. The second goal of this community was to end hunger. Plant seeds are an essential input in agriculture; however, during their developmental stages, seeds can be negatively affected by environmental stresses, which can adversely affect seed vigor, seedling establishment, and crop production. Seeds resistant to high salinity, droughts and climate change can result in higher crop yield. The major findings suggested in this review refer nanopriming as an emerging seed technology towards sustainable food amid growing demand with the increasing world population. This novel growing technology could influence the crop yield and ensure the quality and safety of seeds, in a sustainable way. When nanoprimed seeds are germinated, they undergo a series of synergistic events as a result of enhanced metabolism: modulating biochemical signaling pathways, trigger hormone secretion, reduce reactive oxygen species leading to improved disease resistance. In addition to providing an overview of the challenges and limitations of seed nanopriming technology, this review also describes some of the emerging nano-seed priming methods for sustainable agriculture, and other technological developments using cold plasma technology and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.G.); (V.T.)
| | | | | | - Akanksha Shelar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Manohar Chaskar
- Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pune 411044, India;
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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Singh AV, Romeo A, Scott K, Wagener S, Leibrock L, Laux P, Luch A, Kerkar P, Balakrishnan S, Dakua SP, Park B. Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100633. [PMID: 34292676 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory toxicology remains a major research area in the 21st century since current scenario of airborne viral infection transmission and pollutant inhalation is expected to raise the annual morbidity beyond 2 million. Clinical and epidemiological research connecting human exposure to air contaminants to understand adverse pulmonary health outcomes is, therefore, an immediate subject of human health assessment. Important observations in defining systemic effects of environmental contaminants on inhalation metabolic dysfunction, liver health, and gastrointestinal tract have been well explored with in vivo models. In this review, a framework is provided, a paradigm is established about inhalation toxicity testing in vitro, and a brief overview of breathing Lungs-on-Chip (LoC) as design concepts is given. The optimized bioengineering approaches and microfluidics with their fundamental pros, and cons are presented. There are different strategies that researchers apply to inhalation toxicity studies to assess a variety of inhalable substances and relevant LoC approaches. A case study from published literature and frame arguments about reproducibility as well as in vitro/in vivo correlations are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in soft robotics, systems inhalation toxicology approach integrating bioengineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to address a multitude model for future toxicology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Anthony Romeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | - Kassandra Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | - Sandra Wagener
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Lars Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Pranali Kerkar
- ICMR – National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) Pune Maharashtra 411026 India
| | - Shidin Balakrishnan
- Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) PO Box 3050 Doha Qatar
| | - Sarada Prasad Dakua
- Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) PO Box 3050 Doha Qatar
| | - Byung‐Wook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
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Peters R, Elbers I, Undas A, Sijtsma E, Briffa S, Carnell-Morris P, Siupa A, Yoon TH, Burr L, Schmid D, Tentschert J, Hachenberger Y, Jungnickel H, Luch A, Meier F, Kocic J, Kim J, Park BC, Hardy B, Johnston C, Jurkschat K, Radnik J, Hodoroaba VD, Lynch I, Valsami-Jones E. Benchmarking the ACEnano Toolbox for Characterisation of Nanoparticle Size and Concentration by Interlaboratory Comparisons. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175315. [PMID: 34500752 PMCID: PMC8433974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ACEnano is an EU-funded project which aims at developing, optimising and validating methods for the detection and characterisation of nanomaterials (NMs) in increasingly complex matrices to improve confidence in the results and support their use in regulation. Within this project, several interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) for the determination of particle size and concentration have been organised to benchmark existing analytical methods. In this paper the results of a number of these ILCs for the characterisation of NMs are presented and discussed. The results of the analyses of pristine well-defined particles such as 60 nm Au NMs in a simple aqueous suspension showed that laboratories are well capable of determining the sizes of these particles. The analysis of particles in complex matrices or formulations such as consumer products resulted in larger variations in particle sizes within technologies and clear differences in capability between techniques. Sunscreen lotion sample analysis by laboratories using spICP-MS and TEM/SEM identified and confirmed the TiO2 particles as being nanoscale and compliant with the EU definition of an NM for regulatory purposes. In a toothpaste sample orthogonal results by PTA, spICP-MS and TEM/SEM agreed and stated the TiO2 particles as not fitting the EU definition of an NM. In general, from the results of these ILCs we conclude that laboratories are well capable of determining particle sizes of NM, even in fairly complex formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ingrid Elbers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Undas
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
| | - Eelco Sijtsma
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.); (A.U.); (E.S.)
| | - Sophie Briffa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.B.); (I.L.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - Pauline Carnell-Morris
- Malvern Panalytical, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 1XZ, UK; (P.C.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Siupa
- Malvern Panalytical, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 1XZ, UK; (P.C.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Loïc Burr
- CSEM, Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Lanfquart, Switzerland; (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - David Schmid
- CSEM, Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Lanfquart, Switzerland; (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Yves Hachenberger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (H.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Rankine-Str. 1, 86899 Landsberg, Germany;
| | - Jovana Kocic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Jaeseok Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (B.C.P.)
| | - Byong Chon Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (B.C.P.)
| | - Barry Hardy
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Colin Johnston
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK; (C.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK; (C.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Jörg Radnik
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (J.R.); (V.-D.H.)
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (J.R.); (V.-D.H.)
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.B.); (I.L.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.B.); (I.L.); (E.V.-J.)
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Pfuhler S, Pirow R, Downs TR, Haase A, Hewitt N, Luch A, Merkel M, Petrick C, Said A, Schäfer-Korting M, Reisinger K. Validation of the 3D reconstructed human skin Comet assay, an animal-free alternative for following-up positive results from standard in vitro genotoxicity assays. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:19-35. [PMID: 32152633 PMCID: PMC8081376 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the safety assessment process, all industrial sectors employ genotoxicity test batteries, starting with well-established in vitro assays. However, these batteries have limited predictive capacity for the in vivo situation, which may result in unnecessary follow-up in vivo testing or the loss of promising substances where animal tests are prohibited or not desired. To address this, a project involving regulators, academia and industry was established to develop and validate in vitro human skin-based genotoxicity assays for topically exposed substances, such as cosmetics ingredients. Here, we describe the validation of the 3D reconstructed skin (RS) Comet assay. In this multicenter study, chemicals were applied topically three times to the skin over 48 h. Isolated keratinocytes and fibroblasts were transferred to slides before electrophoresis and the resulting comet formation was recorded as % tail DNA. Before decoding, results of the validation exercise for 32 substances were evaluated by an independent statistician. There was a high predictive capacity of this assay when compared to in vivo outcomes, with a sensitivity of 77 (80)%, a specificity of 88 (97)% and an overall accuracy of 83 (92)%. The numbers reflect the calls of the performing laboratories in the coded phase, whereas those in parenthesis reflect calls according to the agreed evaluation criteria. Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility was also very good, with a concordance of 93 and 88%, respectively. These results generated with the Phenion® Full-Thickness skin model demonstrate its suitability for this assay, with reproducibly low background DNA damage and sufficient metabolic capacity to activate pro-mutagens. The validation outcome supports the use of the RS Comet assay to follow up positive results from standard in vitro genotoxicity assays when the expected route of exposure is dermal. Based on the available data, the assay was accepted recently into the OECD test guideline development program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - André Said
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Berlin, Germany
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