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Hounkpatin H, Simpson G, Santer M, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. Multiple long-term conditions, loneliness and social isolation: A scoping review of recent quantitative studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 120:105347. [PMID: 38309103 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple long-term conditions (MLTC), loneliness and social isolation are common in older adults. Recent studies have explored the association of MLTC with loneliness and social isolation. This scoping review aimed to map this current evidence and identify gaps in the literature. METHODS A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine were searched for studies published between January 2020-April 2023. Quantitative studies, published in any language, that assessed the association of MLTC with loneliness and/or social isolation were included. RESULTS 1827 records were identified and screened. Of these, 17 met inclusion criteria. Most studies were cross-sectional and based on older adults. Studies were conducted in Europe, the US, Canada, and low- and middle-income countries. Ten studies focused on the association between MLTC and loneliness, six assessed the association between MLTC and social isolation and one examined associations with both loneliness and social isolation. Most studies reported a significant cross-sectional association of MLTC with loneliness, but there was weaker evidence for a longitudinal association between MLTC and loneliness and an association between MLTC and social isolation. Studies were heterogenous in terms of measures and definitions of loneliness/social isolation and MLTC, confounders adjusted for, and analytical models used, making comparisons difficult. CONCLUSIONS Further population-based longitudinal studies using consistent measures and methodological approaches are needed to improve understanding of the association of MLTC with both loneliness and social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Hounkpatin
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Hajira Dambha-Miller
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, UK
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Chiteri KO, Rairdin A, Sandhu K, Redsun S, Farmer A, O'Rourke JA, Cannon SB, Singh A. Combining GWAS and comparative genomics to fine map candidate genes for days to flowering in mung bean. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:270. [PMID: 38475739 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), is an important pulse crop in the global south. Early flowering and maturation are advantageous traits for adaptation to northern and southern latitudes. This study investigates the genetic basis of the Days-to-Flowering trait (DTF) in mung bean, combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in mung bean and comparisons with orthologous genes involved with control of DTF responses in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). RESULTS The most significant associations for DTF were on mung bean chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. Only the SNPs on chromosomes 1 and 4 were heavily investigated using downstream analysis. The chromosome 1 DTF association is tightly linked with a cluster of locally duplicated FERONIA (FER) receptor-like protein kinase genes, and the SNP occurs within one of the FERONIA genes. In Arabidopsis, an orthologous FERONIA gene (AT3G51550), has been reported to regulate the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). For the chromosome 4 DTF locus, the strongest candidates are Vradi04g00002773 and Vradi04g00002778, orthologous to the Arabidopsis PhyA and PIF3 genes, encoding phytochrome A (a photoreceptor protein sensitive to red to far-red light) and phytochrome-interacting factor 3, respectively. The soybean PhyA orthologs include the classical loci E3 and E4 (genes GmPhyA3, Glyma.19G224200, and GmPhyA2, Glyma.20G090000). The mung bean PhyA ortholog has been previously reported as a candidate for DTF in studies conducted in South Korea. CONCLUSION The top two identified SNPs accounted for a significant proportion (~ 65%) of the phenotypic variability in mung bean DTF by the six significant SNPs (39.61%), with a broad-sense heritability of 0.93. The strong associations of DTF with genes that have orthologs with analogous functions in soybean and Arabidopsis provide strong circumstantial evidence that these genes are causal for this trait. The three reported loci and candidate genes provide useful targets for marker-assisted breeding in mung beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Chiteri
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashlyn Rairdin
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Sven Redsun
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, United States
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, United States
| | - Jamie A O'Rourke
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects, and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Steven B Cannon
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects, and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
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Simpson G, Morrison L, Santer M, Hijryana M, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. Perceptions and experiences of living with and providing care for multimorbidity: A qualitative interview study. J Multimorb Comorb 2024; 14:26335565241240820. [PMID: 38529048 PMCID: PMC10962039 DOI: 10.1177/26335565241240820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Experiences of living with and seeking care for multimorbidity is a relatively under-researched field. By analysing experiences of people with multimorbidity, caregivers and care professionals, we can better understand the complex care needs of those with multimorbidity and identify improvements to care management. This paper reports findings from research that elicited the views of key stakeholders to inform future care practice and policy. Aim To elicit care recipient and care provider views to understand the care needs of those living with and seeking care for multimorbidity. Method A qualitative interview study using purposive sampling of those living with and providing care in multimorbidity. Results Increased support to those with multimorbidity and caregivers to navigate care systems was advocated. Establishing trusting care relationships featured prominently in participants accounts. Fragmented care, inadequate coordination and poor communication between care providers, were identified as system-wide challenges. There was agreement that integrated care models were needed, which delivered personalised care, such as shared decision-making, choice in care options and accessing services, and individualised care plans. Conclusion We found significant agreement among stakeholders on care need and management in multimorbidity. Understanding the experiences of those with multimorbidity, caregivers and care professionals, can inform future improvements in care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leanne Morrison
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marisza Hijryana
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hounkpatin H, Simpson G, Santer M, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. The association between stress and multiple long-term conditions: A cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2024; 176:111566. [PMID: 38100896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is an important predictor of long-term conditions. We examine whether hair cortisol (a biomarker of stress) is associated with incidence and accumulation of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). METHODS We included data from 4295 individuals aged ≥50 years within the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing dataset with data on hair cortisol, sociodemographic and health behaviour variables. Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the association between hair cortisol at baseline and accumulation of MLTC between 2012/2013 and 2018/2019, both for individuals with and without MLTC at baseline. RESULTS Our cohort included 1458 (34.0%) individuals who accumulated MLTC between 2012/2013 and 2018/2019. The proportion of individuals with zero, 1, and ≥ 2 conditions at baseline who accumulated MLTC were 12.0% (n = 127), 40.4% (n = 520), and 41.7% (n = 811), respectively. Higher cortisol levels were associated with higher risk of accumulation of MLTC in both unadjusted [HR:1.15(1.05-1.25)] and models adjusted for sociodemographic and health behaviours [HR:1.12(1.02-1.22)]. For individuals without MLTC at baseline, higher cortisol levels were significantly associated with higher risk of developing MLTC in unadjusted [HR: 1.20(1.05-1.36)] and adjusted models [HR: 1.16(1.02-1.32)]. CONCLUSION The study provides the first evidence of the role of stress in the development and accumulation of MLTC. This modifiable risk factor could be targeted to reduce the risk of MLTC. However, further work is needed to better understand the mechanisms and pathways that link stress and accumulation of MLTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Hounkpatin
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hajira Dambha-Miller
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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Nartey Y, Chalitsios CV, Khan N, Simpson G, Dambha-Miller H, Farmer A. Factors associated with multimorbidity in England: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Lancet 2023; 402 Suppl 1:S73. [PMID: 37997118 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity, defined as the presence of two or more long-term conditions, is a growing public health challenge, especially in terms of prevention and accumulation of long-term conditions among particular population cohorts. To date, efforts to understand multimorbidity has focused mainly on specific disease combinations, with little known about the sociodemographic factors associated with it. The study aimed to assess the factors associated with multimorbidity in England. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a dataset of people aged 50 years and older. The study identified ten long-term conditions from waves 2 to 9. Wave 2 to 9 were conducted between June 2004 to July 2005, May 2006 to August 2007, May 2008 to July 2009, June 2010 to July 2011, May 2012 to June 2013, June 2014 to May 2015, May 2016 to June 2017 and June 2018 to July 2019, respectively. The study included people with two or more long-term conditions. We identified the number of long-term conditions and multimorbidity, and we examined their association with age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, education, weekly contact with relative, and feeling lonely, sad or depressed using multinomial logistic regression. FINDINGS Of 16 731 people recruited from wave 2 to wave 9, we identified 10 026 people with multimorbidity aged 50 years and older. The majority had two conditions (39%) and were female (55%), aged 50-69 years (32%), of white ethnicity (96%), married (69%) and unemployed (65·3%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having more than two long-term conditions increased with age, after adjusting for sex and ethnicity (≥5 conditions: aOR 12·89, 95% CI 2·23-3·76). Being female was associated with an increased risk of having more than two long-term conditions (≥5 conditions: aOR 1·21, 1·04-1·42). Similarly, being separated, divorced, or widowed were associated with having more than two long-term conditions (≥5 conditions: aOR 1·45, 1·21-1·74). Not owning a home was independently associated with more than two long-term conditions (≥5 conditions: aOR 1·59, 1·35-1·88). INTERPRETATION The current analysis used only ten long-term conditions that were available in the ELSA data, so a different association might have arisen if other conditions had been considered. Our findings provide insights into which particular groups of the multimorbid population could be the target of preventive public health strategies and wider clinical and social care interventions in England to reduce the burden of multimorbidity. FUNDING National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nartey
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Nusrat Khan
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sc, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ziegler C, Mir A, Anandakrishnan S, Martin P, Contreras E, Slemons I, Witkowski B, DeSilva C, Farmer A, Vranic S, Gatalica Z, Richardson D, Derkach DN. Assay-agnostic spatial profiling detects tumor microenvironment signatures: new diagnostic insights for triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1953-1961. [PMID: 37666492 PMCID: PMC10552887 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in immuno-oncology has driven demand for technologies that deliver in situ, or spatial, molecular information. Compartmentalized heterogeneity that traditional methods miss is becoming key to predicting both acquired drug resistance to targeted therapies and patient response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe a novel method for assay-agnostic spatial profiling and demonstrate its ability to detect immune microenvironment signatures in breast cancer patients that are unresolved by the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on immune cells, which represents the only FDA microenvironment-based companion diagnostic test that has been approved for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Two distinct physiological states were found that are uncorrelated to tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), PD-L1 expression, and intrinsic cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Mir
- Takara Bio USASan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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Dambha-Miller H, Hounkpatin HO, Stuart B, Farmer A, Griffin S. Type 2 diabetes remission trajectories and variation in risk of diabetes complications: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290791. [PMID: 37643199 PMCID: PMC10464964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical remission of type 2 diabetes is achievable through dietary changes, physical activity and subsequent weight loss. We aim to identify distinct diabetes remission trajectories in a large population-based cohort over seven-years follow-up and to examine associations between remission trajectories and diabetes complications. Group-based trajectory modelling examined longitudinal patterns of HbA1c level (adjusting for remission status) over time. Multivariable Cox models quantified the association between each remission trajectory and microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, cardiovascular (CVD) events and all-cause mortality. Four groups were assigned. Group 1 (8,112 [13.5%]; achieving HbA1c <48 mmol/mol (6.5%) followed by increasing HbA1c levels); Group 2 (6,369 [10.6%]; decreasing HbA1c levels >48 mmol/mol (6.5%)); Group 3 (36,557 [60.6%]; stable high HbA1c levels); Group 4 (9,249 [15.3%]; stable low HbA1c levels (<48mmol/mol or <6.5%)). Compared to Group 3, Groups 1 and 4 had lower risk of microvascular complications (aHRs (95% CI): 0.65 (0.61-0.70), p-value <0.001;0.59 (0.55-0.64) p-value<0.001, respectively)), macrovascular complications (aHRs (95% CI): 0.83 (0.75-0.92), p-value<0.001; 0.66 (0.61-0.71), p-value<0.001) and CVD events (aHRs (95% CI): 0.74(0.67-0.83), p-value<0.001; 0.67(0.61-0.73), p-vlaue<0.001). Risk of CVD outcomes were similar for Groups 2 and 3. Compared to Group 3, Group 1 (aHR: 0.82(95% CI: 0.76-0.89)) had lower risk of mortality, but Group 4 had higher risk of mortality (aHR: 1.11(95% CI: 1.03-1.19)). Risk of CVD outcomes vary by pattern of remission over time, with lowest risk for those in remission longer. People who achieve remission, even for shorter periods of time, continue to benefit from this lower exposure to hyperglycaemia, which may, in turn, lower the risk of CVD outcomes including mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajira Dambha-Miller
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
| | - Hilda O. Hounkpatin
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Simon Griffin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
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Simpson G, Okamoto I, Morrison L, Santer M, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. Exploring patient, informal carer and care professional perspectives to understand the key clinical and non-clinical care needs of those living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). Br J Gen Pract 2023; 73:bjgp23X733653. [PMID: 37479268 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp23x733653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) are the co-occurrence of two or more chronic long-term conditions. While numerous studies have examined health and social care needs associated with MLTC, there has been limited research exploring both clinical and non-clinical care needs of this patient cohort from a range of perspectives. AIM To explore patient, informal carer, and care professional perspectives to identify what are the key clinical and non-clinical needs for optimal care in people with MLTC. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 29 patients, informal carers, and professionals, using video-link or telephone. Inductive reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data. RESULTS A range of clinical and non-clinical care needs were identified, including supporting patient self-management of conditions, informal carer involvement in care decisions, limited knowledge of MLTC among care professionals, and mental health and socioeconomic needs of individuals were emphasised as important to optimal care in MLTC.Improvements to optimise care included: more personalised care interventions, improved care professional understanding of MLTC care needs, involvement of informal carers in care decisions and promoting patient self-management of conditions and increased consideration given to non-clinical care needs. CONCLUSION MLTC patients often have a complex range of clinical and non-clinical care needs. This requires a holistic and coordinated care approach, enabling care to be tailored to personal care needs of individuals with MLTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton
| | | | | | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton
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9
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Dambha-Miller H, Nartey Y, Khan N, Simpson G, Lin S, Akyea R, Farmer A. Clustering populations by health and social care with multiple long-term conditions: a cohort study - the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Br J Gen Pract 2023; 73:bjgp23X734337. [PMID: 37479312 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp23x734337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of health and social care services is a potential solution for improving care, despite monetary constraints and increasing demand. How two or more multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) cluster, interact and associate with socioeconomic factors, and affect access to unscheduled primary healthcare services is understudied. AIM To cluster an MLTC population by health and social care, examine clusters, and quantify associations with health outcomes. METHOD A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the ELSA database (2002 to 2019) on 19802 participants aged ≥50 years. Ten major health conditions, and social care need, including difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility, for example, were used to cluster MLTC by latent class modelling. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to establish further association. RESULTS The mean age of the participants at baseline (wave 2) was about 66 years and 55% of participants were female, with more than 60% developing MLTC in their lifetime (waves 2 to 9). Of the five distinct latent clusters, cluster 5 was the most significant cluster composed of lung diseases, stroke, dementia, and high ADL and mobility difficulty scores. The majority of the participants were aged 70-79 years, female, and married. The odds of having a longer nursing home stay were 8.97 (95% confidence interval = 4.36 to 18.45), and death was 10% higher in this cluster compared to the highest probability cluster 4 in the maximally adjusted regression model. CONCLUSION This study identified MLTC clusters by social care need with the highest primary care demand. Targeting clinical practice to prevent MLTC progression for these groups may lessen future pressures on primary care demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Nartey
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton
| | | | - Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton
| | - Sharon Lin
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton
| | - Ralph Akyea
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton
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10
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Butler K, Bartlett YK, Newhouse N, Farmer A, French DP, Kenning C, Locock L, Rea R, Williams V, Mc Sharry J. Implementing a text message-based intervention to support type 2 diabetes medication adherence in primary care: a qualitative study with general practice staff. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:614. [PMID: 37301867 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Support through Mobile Messaging and digital health Technology for Diabetes (SuMMiT-D) project has developed, and is evaluating, a mobile phone-based intervention delivering brief messages targeting identified behaviour change techniques promoting medication use to people with type 2 diabetes in general practice. The present study aimed to inform refinement and future implementation of the SuMMiT-D intervention by investigating general practice staff perceptions of how a text message-based intervention to support medication adherence should be implemented within current and future diabetes care. METHODS Seven focus groups and five interviews were conducted with 46 general practice staff (including GPs, nurses, healthcare assistants, receptionists and linked pharmacists) with a potential role in the implementation of a text message-based intervention for people with type 2 diabetes. Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Five themes were developed. One theme 'The potential of technology as a patient ally' described a need for diabetes support and the potential of technology to support medication use. Two themes outlined challenges to implementation, 'Limited resources and assigning responsibility' and 'Treating the patient; more than diabetes medication adherence'. The final two themes described recommendations to support implementation, 'Selling the intervention: what do general practice staff need to see?' and 'Fitting the mould; complementing current service delivery'. CONCLUSIONS Staff see the potential for a text message-based support intervention to address unmet needs and to enhance care for people with diabetes. Digital interventions, such as SuMMiT-D, need to be compatible with existing systems, demonstrate measurable benefits, be incentivised and be quick and easy for staff to engage with. Interventions also need to be perceived to address general practice priorities, such as taking a holistic approach to care and having multi-cultural reach and relevance. Findings from this study are being combined with parallel work with people with type 2 diabetes to ensure stakeholder views inform further refinement and implementation of the SuMMiT-D intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Butler
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Kiera Bartlett
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikki Newhouse
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P French
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cassandra Kenning
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Locock
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rustam Rea
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Veronika Williams
- Faculty of Education and Professional Studies, School of Nursing, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada
| | - Jenny Mc Sharry
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Chalitsios CV, Santoso C, Nartey Y, Khan N, Simpson G, Islam N, Stuart B, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. Trajectories of multiple long-term conditions and mortality in older adults: A retrospective cohort study using English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). medRxiv 2023:2023.05.18.23290151. [PMID: 37292869 PMCID: PMC10246039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.23290151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To classify older adults with MLTC into clusters based on accumulating conditions as trajectories over time, characterise clusters and quantify associations between derived clusters and all-cause mortality. Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) over nine years (n=15,091 aged 50 years and older). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to classify people into MLTC clusters based on accumulating conditions over time. Derived clusters were used to quantify the associations between MLTC trajectory memberships, sociodemographic characteristics, and all-cause mortality. Results Five distinct clusters of MLTC trajectories were identified and characterised as: "no-LTC" (18.57%), "single-LTC" (31.21%), "evolving MLTC" (25.82%), "moderate MLTC" (17.12%), and "high MLTC" (7.27%). Increasing age was consistently associated with an increased number of MLTC. Female sex (aOR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.01 to 1.27) and ethnic minority (aOR = 2.04; 95%CI 1.40 to 3.00) were associated with the "moderate MLTC" and "high MLTC" clusters, respectively. Higher education and paid employment were associated with a lower likelihood of progression over time towards an increased number of MLTC. All the clusters had higher all-cause mortality than the "no-LTC" cluster. Conclusions The development of MLTC and the increase in the number of conditions over time follow distinct trajectories. These are determined by non-modifiable (age, sex, ethnicity) and modifiable factors (education and employment). Stratifying risk through clustering will enable practitioners to identify older adults with a higher likelihood of worsening MLTC over time to tailor effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia Santoso
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yvonne Nartey
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nusrat Khan
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Beth Stuart
- Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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12
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Gupta YK, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Lorrain C, Farmer A, Haridas S, Ferreira EGC, Lopes-Caitar VS, Oliveira LS, Morin E, Widdison S, Cameron C, Inoue Y, Thor K, Robinson K, Drula E, Henrissat B, LaButti K, Bini AMR, Paget E, Singan V, Daum C, Dorme C, van Hoek M, Janssen A, Chandat L, Tarriotte Y, Richardson J, Melo BDVA, Wittenberg AHJ, Schneiders H, Peyrard S, Zanardo LG, Holtman VC, Coulombier-Chauvel F, Link TI, Balmer D, Müller AN, Kind S, Bohnert S, Wirtz L, Chen C, Yan M, Ng V, Gautier P, Meyer MC, Voegele RT, Liu Q, Grigoriev IV, Conrath U, Brommonschenkel SH, Loehrer M, Schaffrath U, Sirven C, Scalliet G, Duplessis S, van Esse HP. Major proliferation of transposable elements shaped the genome of the soybean rust pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1835. [PMID: 37005409 PMCID: PMC10067951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With >7000 species the order of rust fungi has a disproportionately large impact on agriculture, horticulture, forestry and foreign ecosystems. The infectious spores are typically dikaryotic, a feature unique to fungi in which two haploid nuclei reside in the same cell. A key example is Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust disease, one of the world's most economically damaging agricultural diseases. Despite P. pachyrhizi's impact, the exceptional size and complexity of its genome prevented generation of an accurate genome assembly. Here, we sequence three independent P. pachyrhizi genomes and uncover a genome up to 1.25 Gb comprising two haplotypes with a transposable element (TE) content of ~93%. We study the incursion and dominant impact of these TEs on the genome and show how they have a key impact on various processes such as host range adaptation, stress responses and genetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Gupta
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Cécile Lorrain
- Pathogen Evolutionary Ecology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Everton Geraldo Capote Ferreira
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valéria S Lopes-Caitar
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Liliane Santana Oliveira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Connor Cameron
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kathrin Thor
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kelly Robinson
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elodie Drula
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille Univ., INRAE, Marseille, France
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kurt LaButti
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Aline Mara Rudsit Bini
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eric Paget
- Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division, Lyon, France
| | - Vasanth Singan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias I Link
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Balmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Stein, Switzerland
| | - André N Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kind
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bohnert
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Louisa Wirtz
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cindy Chen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mi Yan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Maurício Conrado Meyer
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Qingli Liu
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Loehrer
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schaffrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - H Peter van Esse
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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13
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Simpson G, Stokes J, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. Social care need in multimorbidity. J R Soc Med 2023; 116:124-127. [PMID: 37078268 PMCID: PMC10164274 DOI: 10.1177/01410768231168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5ST, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Stokes
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Hajira Dambha-Miller
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5ST, United Kingdom
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14
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Conway-Jones R, Dunlop E, Kyle S, Ray D, Roberts N, Farmer A. A scoping review of the evidence for the impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on shift work related sleep disturbance in an occupational setting. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 6:198. [PMID: 37346814 PMCID: PMC10280030 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17002.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Shift work is essential in society but can be detrimental to health and quality of life and is associated with decreased productivity and increased risk of accidents. Interventions to reduce these consequences are needed, but the extent and range of trial evidence for interventions for those most affected by their shift-work schedules is unclear. We therefore carried out a scoping review to assess the availability of evidence to inform the development and evaluation of future interventions. Methods: We aimed to identify clinical trials of any intervention for shift work-related sleep disturbance that included a comparator group, where the intervention was delivered in an occupational setting. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline and Science Citation Index from inception to 30 th March 2020 for relevant citations. Citations were screened by two independent reviewers, a third reviewer resolved disagreements. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results: From 1250 unique citations, 14 studies met inclusion criteria for comparative trials of treatment in an occupational setting. There were five trials of hypnotics, five trials of stimulants, and four trials of non-pharmacological therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy, light therapy, aromatherapy and herbal medicine). Outcomes included sleep parameters, day-time sleepiness, and quality of life. There were no consistently reported outcomes across trials. Conclusions: Interventions fell into three distinct groups investigated in distinct time periods without progression from efficacy trials to wider-scale interventions. The lack of consistent patient-reported outcome measures limits synthesising findings. Some trials focussed on optimising sleep, others on reducing wake-time sleepiness. Adequately powered trials of existing interventions are needed, with the development and testing of novel combination treatments in patients with well-defined shift work sleep disorder. A core set of clinically relevant outcomes will develop and standardise the evidence-base for shift work sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ella Dunlop
- Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Kyle
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Nia Roberts
- The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Simpson G, Stuart B, Hijryana M, Akyea RK, Stokes J, Gibson J, Jones K, Morrison L, Santer M, Boniface M, Zlatev Z, Farmer A, Dambha-Miller H. Eliciting and prioritising determinants of improved care in multimorbidity: A modified online Delphi study. J Multimorb Comorb 2023; 13:26335565231194552. [PMID: 37692105 PMCID: PMC10483969 DOI: 10.1177/26335565231194552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Multimorbidity is a major challenge to health and social care systems around the world. There is limited research exploring the wider contextual determinants that are important to improving care for this cohort. In this study, we aimed to elicit and prioritise determinants of improved care in people with multiple conditions. Methods A three-round online Delphi study was conducted in England with health and social care professionals, data scientists, researchers, people living with multimorbidity and their carers. Results Our findings suggest a care system which is still predominantly single condition focused. 'Person-centred and holistic care' and 'coordinated and joined up care', were highly rated determinants in relation to improved care for multimorbidity. We further identified a range of non-medical determinants that are important to providing holistic care for this cohort. Conclusions Further progress towards a holistic and patient-centred model is needed to ensure that care more effectively addresses the complex range of medical and non-medical needs of people living with multimorbidity. This requires a move from a single condition focused biomedical model to a person-based biopsychosocial approach, which has yet to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Beth Stuart
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marisza Hijryana
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Ralph Kwame Akyea
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan Stokes
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jon Gibson
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Jones
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Leanne Morrison
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Boniface
- Digital Health and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Zlatko Zlatev
- Digital Health and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Thibivilliers S, Farmer A, Schroeder S, Libault M. Plant Single-Cell/Nucleus RNA-seq Workflow. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2584:165-181. [PMID: 36495448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2756-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics technologies allow researchers to investigate how individual cells, in complex multicellular organisms, differentially use their common genomic DNA. In plant biology, these technologies were recently applied to reveal the transcriptomes of various plant cells isolated from different organs and different species and in response to environmental stresses. These first studies support the potential of single-cell transcriptomics technology to decipher the biological function of plant cells, their developmental programs, cell-type-specific gene networks, programs controlling plant cell response to environmental stresses, etc. In this chapter, we provide information regarding the critical steps and important information to consider when developing an experimental design in plant single-cell biology. We also describe the current status of bioinformatics tools used to analyze single-cell RNA-seq datasets and how additional emerging technologies such as spatial transcriptomics and long-read sequencing technologies will provide additional information on the differential use of the genome by plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thibivilliers
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Susan Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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17
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Montano M, Victor AR, Griffin DK, Duong T, Bolduc N, Farmer A, Garg V, Hadjantonakis AK, Coates A, Barnes FL, Zouves CG, Greene WC, Viotti M. SARS-CoV-2 can infect human embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15451. [PMID: 36104397 PMCID: PMC9472724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a devastating pandemic, with infections resulting in a range of symptoms collectively known as COVID-19. The full repertoire of human tissues and organs susceptible to infection is an area of active investigation, and some studies have implicated the reproductive system. The effects of COVID-19 on human reproduction remain poorly understood, and particularly the impact on early embryogenesis and establishment of a pregnancy are not known. In this work, we explore the susceptibility of early human embryos to SARS-CoV-2 infection. By using RNA-seq and immunofluorescence, we note that ACE2 and TMPRSS2, two canonical cell entry factors for SARS-CoV-2, are co-expressed in cells of the trophectoderm in blastocyst-stage preimplantation embryos. For the purpose of viral entry studies, we used fluorescent reporter virions pseudotyped with Spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2, and we observe robust infection of trophectoderm cells. This permissiveness could be attenuated with blocking antibodies targeting S or ACE2. When exposing human blastocysts to the live, fully infectious SARS-CoV-2, we detected cases of infection that compromised embryo health. Therefore, we identify a new human target tissue for SARS-CoV-2 with potential medical implications for reproductive health during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath.
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18
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Langendoen-Gort M, Al-Jabr H, Hugtenburg JG, Rutters F, de Wit M, Bhattacharya D, Abu-Hanna A, Farmer A, Elders PJM. A personalised intervention programme aimed at improving adherence to oral antidiabetic and/or antihypertensive medication in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the INTENSE study: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:731. [PMID: 36056388 PMCID: PMC9438235 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication non-adherence is a prevalent health problem in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Interventions have previously been developed to improve medication adherence, but inconsistent outcomes have been reported. A potential explanation for this inconsistency is a 'one size fits all' approach, with interventions not tailored to the needs and preferences of individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a personalised intervention programme aimed at improving adherence to oral antidiabetic and/or antihypertensive medication in people with T2DM. METHODS A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 40-50 community pharmacies in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK). A total of 300 participants will be included and followed up for a period of 6 months. Participants will be people with T2DM identified as non-adherent to oral antidiabetic and/or antihypertensive medication, aged 35-75 years and mobile phone users. The intervention group will receive a personalised intervention programme that is based on one or more of the participants' pre-defined non-adherence profile(s), namely (I) Knowledge and perceptions, (II) Practical problems, (III) Side effects and (IV) Negative mood and beliefs. The intervention comprises of one or more supporting modules, namely (I) Brief messaging, (II) Clinical medication review, (III) Medication schedule, (IV) Reminding messaging, (V) Medication dispensing systems, (VI) Smart messaging, (VII) Referral to general practitioner and (VIII) Unguided web-based Self Help Application for low mood. The control group will receive usual care including access to a publicly available informative diabetes website. The primary study outcome is medication adherence measured with a telephone pill count. Secondary outcomes are systolic blood pressure, HbA1c level, self-reported medication adherence, attitude and beliefs toward medication, satisfaction with diabetes treatment, health status and medical consumption and productivity cost. In addition, a process evaluation will be undertaken to establish the fidelity, reach and the extent to which intervention delivery is normalised in the daily practice of community pharmacy teams. DISCUSSION The study can lead to a personalised intervention programme that improves medication adherence in people with T2DM that are non-adherent to oral antidiabetic and/or antihypertensive medication. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register, Trial NL8747 , registered 02 July, 2020; ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN36009809 , registered 05 February, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlous Langendoen-Gort
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hiyam Al-Jabr
- Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Jacqueline G Hugtenburg
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debi Bhattacharya
- School of Allied Health Professions, University of Leicester, United Kingdom School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ameen Abu-Hanna
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Armitage LC, Lawson BK, Roman C, Thompson B, Biggs C, Rutter H, Lewis-Jones M, Ede J, Tarassenko L, Farmer A, Watkinson P. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring using telemedicine: proof-of-concept cohort and failure modes and effects analyses. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:39. [PMID: 36072061 PMCID: PMC9411972 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17537.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated adoption of remote consulting in healthcare. Despite opportunities posed by telemedicine, most hypertension services in Europe have suspended ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods: We examined the process and performance of remotely delivered ABPM using two methodologies: firstly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and secondly, a quantitative analysis comparing ABPM data from a subgroup of 65 participants of the Screening for Hypertension in the INpatient Environment (SHINE) diagnostic accuracy study. The FMEA was performed over seven sessions from February to March 2021, with a multidisciplinary team comprising a patient representative, a research coordinator with technical expertise and four research clinicians. Results: The FMEA identified a single high-risk step in the remote ABPM process. This was cleaning of monitoring equipment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, unrelated to the remote setting. A total of 14 participants were scheduled for face-to-face ABPM appointments, before the UK March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown; 62 were scheduled for remote ABPM appointments since emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic between November 2020 and August 2021. A total of 65 (88%) participants completed ABPMs; all obtained sufficient successful measurements for interpretation. For the 10 participants who completed face-to-face ABPM, there were 402 attempted ABPM measurements and 361 (89%) were successful. For the 55 participants who completed remote ABPM, there were 2516 attempted measurements and 2214 (88%) were successful. There was no significant difference in the mean per-participant error rate between face-to-face (0.100, SD 0.009) and remote (0.143, SD 0.132) cohorts (95% CI for the difference -0.125 to 0.045 and two-tailed P-value 0.353). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that ABPM can be safely and appropriately provided in the community remotely and without face-to-face contact, using video technology for remote fitting appointments, alongside courier services for delivery of equipment to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Armitage
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beth K. Lawson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristian Roman
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beth Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Biggs
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Rutter
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jody Ede
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lionel Tarassenko
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Watkinson
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Gupta N, Marquez S, Soto C, Chen EC, Bostick ML, Stervbo U, Farmer A. Bulk Sequencing from mRNA with UMI for Evaluation of B-Cell Isotype and Clonal Evolution: A Method by the AIRR Community. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2453:345-377. [PMID: 35622335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the course of an immune response to a virus such as influenza, B cells undergo activation, clonal expansion, isotype switching, and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Members of an antigen-experienced B-cell clone can have different sequence features including SHM in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain V (IGHV) gene and can use the same IGVH gene in combination with different constant regions or isotypes (e.g., IgM, IgG, IgA). To study these features of expanded clones in an immune response by AIRR-seq, we provide a bulk RNA-based sequencing experimental procedure with unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) and the accompanying bioinformatics analytical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Marquez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cinque Soto
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine C Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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21
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Bartlett YK, Farmer A, Newhouse N, Miles L, Kenning C, French DP. Effects of Using a Text Message Intervention on Psychological Constructs and the Association Between Changes to Psychological Constructs and Medication Adherence in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e30058. [PMID: 35486430 PMCID: PMC9107060 DOI: 10.2196/30058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor adherence to oral medications is common in people with type 2 diabetes and can lead to an increased chance of health complications. Text messages may provide an effective delivery method for an intervention; however, thus far, the majority of these interventions do not specify either a theoretical basis or propose specific mechanisms of action. This makes it hard to determine how and whether an intervention is having an effect. The text messages included in the current intervention have been developed to deliver specific behavior change techniques. These techniques are the "active ingredients" of the intervention and were selected to target psychological constructs identified as predictors of medication adherence. OBJECTIVE There are 2 aims of this study: (1) to assess whether a text message intervention with specified behavior change techniques can change the constructs that predict medication adherence behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes and (2) to assess whether changes to psychological constructs are associated with changes in self-reported medication adherence. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled, 6-month feasibility trial. Adults prescribed oral medication for type 2 diabetes (N=209) were recruited from general practice and randomized to either receive a text message-based intervention or care as usual. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of covariance and Spearman rho correlation coefficients. RESULTS For 8 of the 14 constructs that were measured, a significant time-by-condition interaction was found: necessity beliefs, intention, maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, action control, prompts and cues, social support, and satisfaction with experienced consequences all increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Changes in action self-efficacy, intention, automaticity, maintenance self-efficacy, and satisfaction with experienced consequences were positively associated with changes in self-reported medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS A relatively low-cost, scalable, text message-only intervention targeting medication adherence using behavior change techniques can influence psychological constructs that predict adherence. Not only do these constructs predict self-reported medication adherence, but changes in these constructs are correlated with changes in self-reported medication adherence. These findings support the promise of text message-based interventions for medication adherence in this population and suggest likely mechanisms of action. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN13404264; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13404264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kiera Bartlett
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki Newhouse
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Miles
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Kenning
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David P French
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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22
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Farmer A, Bobrow K, Leon N, Williams N, Phiri E, Namadingo H, Cooper S, Prince J, Crampin A, Besada D, Daviaud E, Yu LM, N'goma J, Springer D, Pauly B, Tarassenko L, Norris S, Nyirenda M, Levitt N. Correction to: Digital messaging to support control for type 2 diabetes (StAR2D): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:710. [PMID: 35413890 PMCID: PMC9006479 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - K Bobrow
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Leon
- Health Systems Research Unit, South-African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Phiri
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - H Namadingo
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S Cooper
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Prince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford, UK
| | - A Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - D Besada
- Health Systems Research Unit, South-African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Daviaud
- Health Systems Research Unit, South-African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L-M Yu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J N'goma
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - B Pauly
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - S Norris
- Human Nutrition Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesberg, South Africa
| | - M Nyirenda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - N Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Armitage LC, Lawson BK, Roman C, Thompson B, Biggs C, Rutter H, Lewis-Jones M, Ede J, Tarassenko L, Farmer A, Watkinson P. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring using telemedicine: proof-of-concept cohort and failure modes and effects analyses. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:39. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17537.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated adoption of remote consulting in healthcare. Despite opportunities posed by telemedicine, most hypertension services in Europe have suspended ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods: We examined the process and performance of remotely delivered ABPM using two methodologies: firstly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and secondly, a quantitative analysis comparing ABPM data from a subgroup of 65 participants of the Screening for Hypertension in the INpatient Environment (SHINE) diagnostic accuracy study. The FMEA was performed over seven sessions from February to March 2021, with a multidisciplinary team comprising a patient representative, a research coordinator with technical expertise and four research clinicians. Results: The FMEA identified a single high-risk step in the remote ABPM process. This was cleaning of monitoring equipment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, unrelated to the remote setting. A total of 14 participants were scheduled for face-to-face ABPM appointments, before the UK March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown; 62 were scheduled for remote ABPM appointments since emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic between November 2020 and August 2021. A total of 65 (88%) participants completed ABPMs; all obtained sufficient successful measurements for interpretation. For the 10 participants who completed face-to-face ABPM, there were 402 attempted ABPM measurements and 361 (89%) were successful. For the 55 participants who completed remote ABPM, there were 2516 attempted measurements and 2214 (88%) were successful. There was no significant difference in the mean per-participant error rate between face-to-face (0.100, SD 0.009) and remote (0.143, SD 0.132) cohorts (95% CI for the difference -0.125 to 0.045 and two-tailed P-value 0.353). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that ABPM can be safely and appropriately provided in the community remotely and without face-to-face contact, using video technology for remote fitting appointments, alongside courier services for delivery of equipment to participants.
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24
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Chivese T, Hirst J, Matizanadzo JT, Custodio M, Farmer A, Norris S, Levitt N. The diagnostic accuracy of HbA 1c , compared to the oral glucose tolerance test, for screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14754. [PMID: 34854127 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ), compared to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in screening for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Africa. METHODS We systematically searched databases for studies that compared the HbA1c to either the OGTT, or the FPG for T2D diagnosis were included. The QUADAS 2 tool was used for assessing the quality of included studies. We used the split component synthesis (SCS) method for the meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies to pool the studies for meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity, primarily at the HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) cut-off and at other cut-offs. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic and publication bias using Doi plots. RESULTS Eleven studies, from seven African countries, with 12,925 participants, were included. Against the OGTT, HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) had a pooled sensitivity of 57.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 43.4-70.9) and specificity of 92.3% (95% CI 83.9-96.5). Against the FPG, HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) had a pooled sensitivity of 64.5% (95% CI 50.5-76.4) and specificity of 94.3% (95% CI 87.9-97.5). The highest sensitivity for HbA1c , against the OGTT, was at the 42 mmol/mol (6.0%) cut-off. CONCLUSION In Africa, the HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) cut-off may miss almost half of the individuals with T2D based on blood glucose measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Chivese
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua T Matizanadzo
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Michael Custodio
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shane Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Farmer A, Jones L, Newhouse N, Kenning C, Williams N, Chi Y, Bartlett YK, Plumpton C, McSharry J, Cholerton R, Holmes E, Robinson S, Allen J, Gudgin B, Velardo C, Rutter H, Horne R, Tarassenko L, Williams V, Locock L, Rea R, Yu LM, Hughes D, Bower P, French D. Supporting People With Type 2 Diabetes in the Effective Use of Their Medicine Through Mobile Health Technology Integrated With Clinical Care to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: Protocol for an Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e32918. [PMID: 35188478 PMCID: PMC8902673 DOI: 10.2196/32918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a common lifelong condition that affects over 400 million people worldwide. The use of effective medications and active self-management can reduce the risk of serious complications. However, people often have concerns when starting new medications and face difficulties in taking their medications regularly. Support provided by brief messages delivered through mobile phone-based SMS text messages can be effective in some long-term conditions. We have identified promising behavior change techniques (BCTs) to promote medication adherence in this population via a systematic review and developed SMS text messages that target these BCTs. Feasibility work has shown that these messages have fidelity to intended BCTs, are acceptable to patients, and are successful in changing the intended determinants of medication adherence. We now plan to test this intervention on a larger scale in a clinical trial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention for reducing cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes by comparing it with usual care. METHODS The trial will be a 12-month, multicenter, individually randomized controlled trial in primary care and will recruit adults (aged ≥35 years) with type 2 diabetes in England. Consenting participants will be randomized to receive short SMS text messages intended to affect a change in medication adherence 3 to 4 times per week in addition to usual care. The aim is to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention when it is added to usual care. The primary clinical outcome will be a composite cardiovascular risk measure. Data including patient-reported measures will be collected at baseline, at 13 and 26 weeks, and at the end of the 12-month follow-up period. With 958 participants (479 in each group), the trial is powered at 92.5% to detect a 4-percentage point difference in cardiovascular risk. The analysis will follow a prespecified plan. A nested quantitative and qualitative process analysis will be used to examine the putative mechanisms of behavior change and wider contextual influences. A health economic analysis will be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. RESULTS The trial has completed the recruitment phase and is in the follow-up phase. The publication of results is anticipated in 2024. CONCLUSIONS This trial will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention for people with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN15952379; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15952379. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Jones
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki Newhouse
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Kenning
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Y Kiera Bartlett
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin Plumpton
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny McSharry
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachel Cholerton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Holmes
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Robinson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Allen
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Gudgin
- Patient Advocate, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carmelo Velardo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sensyne Health plc, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Rutter
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Horne
- Centre for Behavioural Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Tarassenko
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Louise Locock
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rustam Rea
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ly-Mee Yu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dyfrig Hughes
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bower
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David French
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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26
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Armitage LC, Lawson BK, Thompson B, Biggs C, Rutter H, Lewis-Jones M, Ede J, Tarassenko L, Farmer A, Watkinson P. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring using telemedicine: proof-of-concept cohort and failure modes and effects analyses. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:39. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17537.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated adoption of remote consulting in healthcare. Despite opportunities posed by telemedicine, most hypertension services in Europe have suspended ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods: We examined the process and performance of remotely delivered ABPM using two methodologies: firstly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and secondly, a quantitative analysis comparing ABPM data from a subgroup of 65 participants of the Screening for Hypertension in the INpatient Environment (SHINE) diagnostic accuracy study. The FMEA was performed over seven sessions from February to March 2021, with a multidisciplinary team comprising a patient representative, a research coordinator with technical expertise and four research clinicians. Results: The FMEA identified a single high-risk step in the remote ABPM process. This was cleaning of monitoring equipment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, unrelated to the remote setting. A total of 14 participants were scheduled for face-to-face ABPM appointments, before the UK March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown; 62 were scheduled for remote ABPM appointments since emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic between November 2020 and August 2021. A total of 65 (88%) participants completed ABPMs; all obtained sufficient successful measurements for interpretation. For the 10 participants who completed face-to-face ABPM, there were 402 attempted ABPM measurements and 361 (89%) were successful. For the 55 participants who completed remote ABPM, there were 2516 attempted measurements and 2114 (88%) were successful. There was no significant difference in the mean per-participant error rate between face-to-face (0.100, SD 0.009) and remote (0.143, SD 0.132) cohorts (95% CI for the difference -0.125 to 0.045 and two-tailed P-value 0.353). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that ABPM can be safely and appropriately provided in the community remotely and without face-to-face contact, using video technology for remote fitting appointments, alongside courier services for delivery of equipment to participants.
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27
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Holcomb I, Bansal N, Duong T, Babb P, Laliberte J, Swaminathan K, Xu HH, Melloy LA, Hildebrand J, Farmer A. Benchmarking Single-Cell mRNA–Sequencing Technologies Uncovers Differences in Sensitivity and Reproducibility in Cell Types With Low RNA Content. J Biomol Tech 2021; 32. [DOI: 10.7171/3fc1f5fe.dbeabb2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tommy Duong
- Takara Bio USA, Inc., San Jose, California, USA
| | - Paul Babb
- Takara Bio USA, Inc., San Jose, California, USA
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28
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Armitage L, Chi Y, Santos M, Lawson B, Areia C, Velardo C, Watkinson P, Tarassenko L, Costa M, Farmer A. Monitoring activity of Hip Injury Patients (MoHIP): A sub-study of the World Hip Trauma Evaluation Observational Cohort Study. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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French DP, Miles LM, Elbourne D, Farmer A, Gulliford M, Locock L, Sutton S, McCambridge J. Reducing bias in trials due to reactions to measurement: experts produced recommendations informed by evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 139:130-139. [PMID: 34229092 PMCID: PMC7614249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study (MEasurement Reactions In Trials) aimed to produce recommendations on how best to minimize bias from measurement reactivity (MR) in randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING The MERIT study consisted of: (1) an updated systematic review that examined whether measuring participants had effects on participants' health-related behaviors, relative to no-measurement controls, and three rapid reviews to identify: (i) existing guidance on MR; (ii) existing systematic reviews of studies that have quantified the effects of measurement on behavioral or affective outcomes; and (iii) studies that have investigated the effects of objective measurements of behavior on health-related behavior; (2) a Delphi study to identify the scope of the recommendations; and (3) an expert workshop in October 2018 to discuss potential recommendations in groups. RESULTS Fourteen recommendations were produced by the expert group to: (1) identify whether bias is likely to be a problem for a trial; (2) decide whether to collect data about whether bias is likely to be a problem; (3) design trials to minimize the likelihood of this bias. CONCLUSION These recommendations raise awareness of how and where taking measurements can produce bias in trials, and are thus helpful for trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P French
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lisa M Miles
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Diana Elbourne
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Gulliford
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Locock
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Dambha-Miller H, Simpson G, Akyea RK, Hounkpatin H, Morrison L, Gibson J, Stokes J, Islam N, Chapman A, Stuart B, Zaccardi F, Zlatev Z, Jones K, Roderick P, Boniface M, Santer M, Farmer A. The development and validation of population clusters for integrating health and social care: A protocol for a mixed-methods study in Multiple Long-Term Conditions (Cluster-AIM) (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e34405. [PMID: 35708751 PMCID: PMC9247810 DOI: 10.2196/34405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple long-term health conditions (multimorbidity) (MLTC-M) are increasingly prevalent and associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. Strategies to address this have primarily focused on the biological aspects of disease, but MLTC-M also result from and are associated with additional psychosocial, economic, and environmental barriers. A shift toward more personalized, holistic, and integrated care could be effective. This could be made more efficient by identifying groups of populations based on their health and social needs. In turn, these will contribute to evidence-based solutions supporting delivery of interventions tailored to address the needs pertinent to each cluster. Evidence is needed on how to generate clusters based on health and social needs and quantify the impact of clusters on long-term health and costs. Objective We intend to develop and validate population clusters that consider determinants of health and social care needs for people with MLTC-M using data-driven machine learning (ML) methods compared to expert-driven approaches within primary care national databases, followed by evaluation of cluster trajectories and their association with health outcomes and costs. Methods The mixed methods program of work with parallel work streams include the following: (1) qualitative semistructured interview studies exploring patient, caregiver, and professional views on clinical and socioeconomic factors influencing experiences of living with or seeking care in MLTC-M; (2) modified Delphi with relevant stakeholders to generate variables on health and social (wider) determinants and to examine the feasibility of including these variables within existing primary care databases; and (3) cohort study with expert-driven segmentation, alongside data-driven algorithms. Outputs will be compared, clusters characterized, and trajectories over time examined to quantify associations with mortality, additional long-term conditions, worsening frailty, disease severity, and 10-year health and social care costs. Results The study will commence in October 2021 and is expected to be completed by October 2023. Conclusions By studying MLTC-M clusters, we will assess how more personalized care can be developed, how accurate costs can be provided, and how to better understand the personal and medical profiles and environment of individuals within each cluster. Integrated care that considers “whole persons” and their environment is essential in addressing the complex, diverse, and individual needs of people living with MLTC-M. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/34405
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenn Simpson
- Primary Care Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph K Akyea
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jon Gibson
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Stokes
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adriane Chapman
- Electronic and Computer Science Centre for Health Technologies, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Zlatko Zlatev
- Electronic and Computer Science Centre for Health Technologies, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Jones
- Centre for the Study of Health, Science and Environment, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roderick
- Public Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Boniface
- Electronic and Computer Science Centre for Health Technologies, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Farmer A, Bobrow K, Leon N, Williams N, Phiri E, Namadingo H, Cooper S, Prince J, Crampin A, Besada D, Daviaud E, Yu LM, N'goma J, Springer D, Pauly B, Tarassenko L, Norris S, Nyirenda M, Levitt N. Digital messaging to support control for type 2 diabetes (StAR2D): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1907. [PMID: 34674688 PMCID: PMC8529732 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Failure to take medicines for diabetes as prescribed contributes to poor outcomes from the condition. Mobile phones are ubiquitous and short message service (SMS) texts have shown promise as a low-cost intervention. We tested the effectiveness of SMS-text messaging in improving outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods StAR2D was a 12-month two-arm randomised trial of SMS-text messaging and usual care in Cape Town, South Africa and Lilongwe, Malawi. Messages used behaviour change theory and were developed with patients and staff. The intervention group received four messages each week. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients who collected > 80% medication and changes in systolic blood pressure, lipids, cardiovascular risk, and the proportion of the participants reaching treatment goals. Results The trial took place between 1 October, 2016 and 1 October 2018, 1186 participants were randomised to intervention (593) and control (593) groups. 91% of participants completed follow-up. There was a reduction in HbA1c (DCCT) in both groups but not in mean change (95% CI) between groups (− 0.08% (− 0.31 to 0.16) (IFCC − 0.82 mmol/mol (− 3.44 to 1.79). There was a small but not significant increase in the proportions of participants likely to have collected 80% or more of medication (Relative risk 1.11 (0.84 to 1.47; P = 0.47). There was a significant difference between groups in change in systolic blood pressure from baseline of 3.46 mmHg (1.48 to 5.44, P = 0.001) in favour of the intervention group. The between group difference in change in 10-year risk of coronary heart disease was − 0.71% (− 1.46 to 0.04, P = 0.064). The proportion of participants meeting treatment goals in the intervention group was 36.0% and in the control group 26.8% (Relative risk 1.36 (1.13 to 1.63, P = 0.001). Participants reported many challenges to adherence despite finding messages acceptable and useful. Conclusions Whilst SMS text messages do not lead to improved glycaemia in these low-resource settings there appeared to be an impact on blood pressure and achievement of treatment goals but the mechanisms for this are unclear. Text messages alone, may be unsuccessful unless accompanied by health system strengthening and other forms of self-management support for type 2 diabetes. Trial registration Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN70768808. Registered 1 July 2015, http://www.isrctn.com/I ISRCTN70768808. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11874-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - K Bobrow
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Leon
- Health Systems Research Unit, South-African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Phiri
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - H Namadingo
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S Cooper
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Prince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford, UK
| | - A Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - D Besada
- Health Systems Research Unit, South-African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Daviaud
- Health Systems Research Unit, South-African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L-M Yu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J N'goma
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - B Pauly
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - S Norris
- Human Nutrition Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesberg, South Africa
| | - M Nyirenda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - N Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dambha‐Miller H, Hounkpatin H, Stuart B, Farmer A. Association between weight change and remission of type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in primary care. Pract Diab 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilda Hounkpatin
- Primary Care Research Centre University of Southampton UK
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences, and Medical Education University of Southampton UK
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care Research Centre University of Southampton UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford UK
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Jha SG, Borowsky AT, Cole BJ, Fahlgren N, Farmer A, Huang SSC, Karia P, Libault M, Provart NJ, Rice SL, Saura-Sanchez M, Agarwal P, Ahkami AH, Anderton CR, Briggs SP, Brophy JAN, Denolf P, Di Costanzo LF, Exposito-Alonso M, Giacomello S, Gomez-Cano F, Kaufmann K, Ko DK, Kumar S, Malkovskiy AV, Nakayama N, Obata T, Otegui MS, Palfalvi G, Quezada-Rodríguez EH, Singh R, Uhrig RG, Waese J, Van Wijk K, Wright RC, Ehrhardt DW, Birnbaum KD, Rhee SY. Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas. eLife 2021; 10:e66877. [PMID: 34491200 PMCID: PMC8423441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryatapa Ghosh Jha
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Alexander T Borowsky
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Benjamin J Cole
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryWalnut CreekUnited States
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome ResourcesSanta FeUnited States
| | | | - Purva Karia
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUnited States
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Selena L Rice
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Maite Saura-Sanchez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amir H Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - Steven P Briggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | | | - Luigi F Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceTübingenGermany
| | | | - Fabio Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Department for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universitaet zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Dae Kwan Ko
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Sagar Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjabi UniversityPatialaIndia
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnMadisonUnited States
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Gergo Palfalvi
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Elsa H Quezada-Rodríguez
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoLeónMexico
| | - Rajveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia
| | - R Glen Uhrig
- Department of Science, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Jamie Waese
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Klaas Van Wijk
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - R Clay Wright
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Kenneth D Birnbaum
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
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Chen W, Zhao Y, Chen X, Yang Z, Xu X, Bi Y, Chen V, Li J, Choi H, Ernest B, Tran B, Mehta M, Kumar P, Farmer A, Mir A, Mehra UA, Li JL, Moos M, Xiao W, Wang C. A multicenter study benchmarking single-cell RNA sequencing technologies using reference samples. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1103-1114. [PMID: 33349700 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-00748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparing diverse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets generated by different technologies and in different laboratories remains a major challenge. Here we address the need for guidance in choosing algorithms leading to accurate biological interpretations of varied data types acquired with different platforms. Using two well-characterized cellular reference samples (breast cancer cells and B cells), captured either separately or in mixtures, we compared different scRNA-seq platforms and several preprocessing, normalization and batch-effect correction methods at multiple centers. Although preprocessing and normalization contributed to variability in gene detection and cell classification, batch-effect correction was by far the most important factor in correctly classifying the cells. Moreover, scRNA-seq dataset characteristics (for example, sample and cellular heterogeneity and platform used) were critical in determining the optimal bioinformatic method. However, reproducibility across centers and platforms was high when appropriate bioinformatic methods were applied. Our findings offer practical guidance for optimizing platform and software selection when designing an scRNA-seq study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.,Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zhaowei Yang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environment Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yingtao Bi
- Abbvie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Chen
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.,Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hannah Choi
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Bao Tran
- Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Monika Mehta
- Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Parimal Kumar
- Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Alain Mir
- Takara Bio USA, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environment Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Malcolm Moos
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research & Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA. .,Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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French DP, Miles LM, Elbourne D, Farmer A, Gulliford M, Locock L, Sutton S, McCambridge J. Reducing bias in trials from reactions to measurement: the MERIT study including developmental work and expert workshop. Health Technol Assess 2021; 25:1-72. [PMID: 34553685 DOI: 10.3310/hta25550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement can affect the people being measured; for example, asking people to complete a questionnaire can result in changes in behaviour (the 'question-behaviour effect'). The usual methods of conduct and analysis of randomised controlled trials implicitly assume that the taking of measurements has no effect on research participants. Changes in measured behaviour and other outcomes due to measurement reactivity may therefore introduce bias in otherwise well-conducted randomised controlled trials, yielding incorrect estimates of intervention effects, including underestimates. OBJECTIVES The main objectives were (1) to promote awareness of how and where taking measurements can lead to bias and (2) to provide recommendations on how best to avoid or minimise bias due to measurement reactivity in randomised controlled trials of interventions to improve health. METHODS We conducted (1) a series of systematic and rapid reviews, (2) a Delphi study and (3) an expert workshop. A protocol paper was published [Miles LM, Elbourne D, Farmer A, Gulliford M, Locock L, McCambridge J, et al. Bias due to MEasurement Reactions In Trials to improve health (MERIT): protocol for research to develop MRC guidance. Trials 2018;19:653]. An updated systematic review examined whether or not measuring participants had an effect on participants' health-related behaviours relative to no-measurement controls. Three new rapid systematic reviews were conducted to identify (1) existing guidance on measurement reactivity, (2) existing systematic reviews of studies that have quantified the effects of measurement on outcomes relating to behaviour and affective outcomes and (3) experimental studies that have investigated the effects of exposure to objective measurements of behaviour on health-related behaviour. The views of 40 experts defined the scope of the recommendations in two waves of data collection during the Delphi procedure. A workshop aimed to produce a set of recommendations that were formed in discussion in groups. RESULTS Systematic reviews - we identified a total of 43 studies that compared interview or questionnaire measurement with no measurement and these had an overall small effect (standardised mean difference 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.09; n = 104,096, I2 = 54%). The three rapid systematic reviews identified no existing guidance on measurement reactivity, but we did identify five systematic reviews that quantified the effects of measurement on outcomes (all focused on the question-behaviour effect, with all standardised mean differences in the range of 0.09-0.28) and 16 studies that examined reactive effects of objective measurement of behaviour, with most evidence of reactivity of small effect and short duration. Delphi procedure - substantial agreement was reached on the scope of the present recommendations. Workshop - 14 recommendations and three main aims were produced. The aims were to identify whether or not bias is likely to be a problem for a trial, to decide whether or not to collect further quantitative or qualitative data to inform decisions about if bias is likely to be a problem, and to identify how to design trials to minimise the likelihood of this bias. LIMITATION The main limitation was the shortage of high-quality evidence regarding the extent of measurement reactivity, with some notable exceptions, and the circumstances that are likely to bring it about. CONCLUSION We hope that these recommendations will be used to develop new trials that are less likely to be at risk of bias. FUTURE WORK The greatest need is to increase the number of high-quality primary studies regarding the extent of measurement reactivity. STUDY REGISTRATION The first systematic review in this study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018102511. FUNDING Funded by the Medical Research Council UK and the National Institute for Health Research as part of the Medical Research Council-National Institute for Health Research Methodology Research Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P French
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lisa M Miles
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Diana Elbourne
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Gulliford
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Locock
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Leon N, Namadingo H, Cooper S, Bobrow K, Mwantisi C, Nyasulu M, Sicwebu N, Crampin A, Levitt N, Farmer A. Process evaluation of a brief messaging intervention to improve diabetes treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1576. [PMID: 34418987 PMCID: PMC8379852 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SMS text Adherence suppoRt for people with type 2 diabetes (StAR2D) intervention is a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, testing the effectiveness of brief text messaging for improving clinical outcomes and medication adherence. The intervention did not impact glycaemic control. We conducted a pre-and post-trial process evaluation alongside the StAR2D study in Malawi and South Africa, exploring the experiences and perceptions of patient participants, to better understand potential underlying reasons for the trial outcomes. Methods We employed a qualitative research design, including conducting semi structured in-depth interviews and focus groups at both trial sites. Purposive sampling was used to ensure representation of a wide range of patients with type 2 diabetes with regards to age, gender, ethnicity, language, and duration of diabetes. We interviewed the same participants at baseline and at the end of the trial. We used within-case and across-case thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results Brief messages delivered by text were acceptable and useful for addressing informational and support needs for participants. Some participants reported behaviour changes because of the text reminders and advice on a healthy lifestyle. Both participating in the trial and the messages were experienced as a source of support, caring, and motivation. Participants’ ability to act on the messages was limited. A common theme was frustration over the lack of ability to effectively control one’s blood glucose level. They reported a range of routinised, partial diabetes care adherence behaviours, shaped by complex and interacting individual, social, and health service factors. Participant responses and intervention impact were similar across sites, despite differences in health services. Conclusion This process evaluation provided context and insight into the factors influencing participants’ engagement with the text messaging intervention. The complex context in which patients take their diabetes medication, may explain in part, why brief text messaging may have been insufficient to bring about changes in health outcomes. The scale of need for self-management and health service support, suggests that health system strengthening, and other forms of self-management support should accompany digital communication interventions. (Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN70768808, registered 03/08/2015.) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11552-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leon
- South African Medical Research Council, Fransie van Zyl Drive, 7535, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - H Namadingo
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S Cooper
- South African Medical Research Council, Fransie van Zyl Drive, 7535, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Bobrow
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Mwantisi
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - M Nyasulu
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - N Sicwebu
- Division of Social and Behavioural Science, School of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Conway-Jones R, Dunlop E, Kyle S, Ray D, Roberts N, Farmer A. A scoping review of the evidence for the impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on shift work related sleep disturbance in an occupational setting. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Shift work is essential in society but can be detrimental to health and quality of life and is associated with decreased productivity and increased risk of accidents. Interventions to reduce these consequences are needed, but the extent and range of trial evidence for interventions for those most affected by their shift-work schedules is unclear. We therefore carried out a scoping review to assess the availability of evidence to inform the development and evaluation of future interventions. Methods: We aimed to identify clinical trials of any intervention for shift work-related sleep disturbance that included a comparator group, where the intervention was delivered in an occupational setting. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline and Science Citation Index from inception to 30th March 2020 for relevant citations. Citations were screened by two independent reviewers, a third reviewer resolved disagreements. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results: From 1250 unique citations, 14 studies met inclusion criteria for comparative trials of treatment in an occupational setting. There were five trials of hypnotics, five trials of stimulants, and four trials of non-pharmacological therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy, light therapy, aromatherapy and herbal medicine). Outcomes included sleep parameters, day-time sleepiness, and quality of life. There were no consistently reported outcomes across trials. Conclusions: Interventions fell into three distinct groups investigated in distinct time periods without progression from efficacy trials to wider-scale interventions. The lack of consistent patient-reported outcome measures limits synthesising findings. Some trials focussed on optimising sleep, others on reducing wake-time sleepiness. Adequately powered trials of existing interventions are needed, with the development and testing of novel combination treatments in patients with well-defined shift work sleep disorder. A core set of clinically relevant outcomes will develop and standardise the evidence-base for shift work sleep disorder.
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Hounkpatin H, Stuart B, Farmer A, Dambha‐Miller H. Association of type 2 diabetes remission and risk of cardiovascular disease in pre-defined subgroups. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00280. [PMID: 34277996 PMCID: PMC8279611 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To quantify the association between type 2 diabetes remission and 5-year incidence of cardiovascular disease outcomes, overall and in pre-defined subgroups. METHODS Retrospective cohort analysis of 60,287 adults with type 2 diabetes from the Care and Health Information Analytics (CHIA) database. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association between remission within the first two years of follow-up and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes including events, microvascular and macrovascular complications at 7-year follow-up. Effect modification by age, sex, diabetes duration, pre-existing CVD, baseline body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c level was assessed. RESULTS 7489 (12.4%) people achieved remission during the first two years of follow-up. Overall, remission was associated with lower risk of CVD outcomes. Remission was associated with lower risk of microvascular complications for younger compared with older age groups (eg aHR: 0.59 (0.41-0.84) and aHR: 0.78 (0.67-0.92) for those aged <45 years and 75-84 years, respectively). Amongst those achieving remission, those with no or 1-2 comorbidities had lower risk of microvascular complications (aHR: 0.65 (0.56-0.75)) compared to those with more than three comorbidities (aHR: 0.83 (0.69-0.99), respectively). There were no significant interactions in the remaining subgroups or for models assessing CVD events or macrovascular complications. CONCLUSIONS Achieving remission of type 2 diabetes is associated with a lower risk of microvascular complications, particularly for younger groups and those with fewer comorbidities. Targeted interventions that focus on promoting remission in these groups may reduce the impact of microvascular complications and associated health costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Hounkpatin
- School of Primary CarePopulation Sciences and Medical Education, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Primary Care Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary CareUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Sydes MR, Barbachano Y, Bowman L, Denwood T, Farmer A, Garfield-Birkbeck S, Gibson M, Gulliford MC, Harrison DA, Hewitt C, Logue J, Navaie W, Norrie J, O'Kane M, Quint JK, Rycroft-Malone J, Sheffield J, Smeeth L, Sullivan F, Tizzard J, Walker P, Wilding J, Williamson PR, Landray M, Morris A, Walker RR, Williams HC, Valentine J. Realising the full potential of data-enabled trials in the UK: a call for action. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043906. [PMID: 34135032 PMCID: PMC8211043 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical trials are the gold standard for testing interventions. COVID-19 has further raised their public profile and emphasised the need to deliver better, faster, more efficient trials for patient benefit. Considerable overlap exists between data required for trials and data already collected routinely in electronic healthcare records (EHRs). Opportunities exist to use these in innovative ways to decrease duplication of effort and speed trial recruitment, conduct and follow-up. APPROACH The National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Health Data Research UK and Clinical Practice Research Datalink co-organised a national workshop to accelerate the agenda for 'data-enabled clinical trials'. Showcasing successful examples and imagining future possibilities, the plenary talks, panel discussions, group discussions and case studies covered: design/feasibility; recruitment; conduct/follow-up; collecting benefits/harms; and analysis/interpretation. REFLECTION Some notable studies have successfully accessed and used EHR to identify potential recruits, support randomised trials, deliver interventions and supplement/replace trial-specific follow-up. Some outcome measures are already reliably collected; others, like safety, need detailed work to meet regulatory reporting requirements. There is a clear need for system interoperability and a 'route map' to identify and access the necessary datasets. Researchers running regulatory-facing trials must carefully consider how data quality and integrity would be assessed. An experience-sharing forum could stimulate wider adoption of EHR-based methods in trial design and execution. DISCUSSION EHR offer opportunities to better plan clinical trials, assess patients and capture data more efficiently, reducing research waste and increasing focus on each trial's specific challenges. The short-term emphasis should be on facilitating patient recruitment and for postmarketing authorisation trials where research-relevant outcome measures are readily collectable. Sharing of case studies is encouraged. The workshop directly informed NIHR's funding call for ambitious data-enabled trials at scale. There is the opportunity for the UK to build upon existing data science capabilities to identify, recruit and monitor patients in trials at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Louise Bowman
- MRC Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steph Garfield-Birkbeck
- Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, National Institute for Health Research Evaluation, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Martin C Gulliford
- King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals London, London, UK
| | - David A Harrison
- Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, UK
| | - Catherine Hewitt
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, The University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - John Norrie
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin O'Kane
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - Jennifer K Quint
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Rycroft-Malone
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- NIHR Health Services & Delivery Programme, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank Sullivan
- Division of Population & Behavioural Science, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paula Walker
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - John Wilding
- Department of Cardiovasular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin Landray
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Hywel C Williams
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Director of the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (2015-2020), Southampton, UK
| | - Janet Valentine
- Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
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Trück J, Eugster A, Barennes P, Tipton CM, Luning Prak ET, Bagnara D, Soto C, Sherkow JS, Payne AS, Lefranc MP, Farmer A, Bostick M, Mariotti-Ferrandiz E. Biological controls for standardization and interpretation of adaptive immune receptor repertoire profiling. eLife 2021; 10:66274. [PMID: 34037521 PMCID: PMC8154019 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) has become widespread, providing new insights into the immune system with potential broad clinical and diagnostic applications. However, like many high-throughput technologies, it comes with several problems, and the AIRR Community was established to understand and help solve them. We, the AIRR Community’s Biological Resources Working Group, have surveyed scientists about the need for standards and controls in generating and annotating AIRR-seq data. Here, we review the current status of AIRR-seq, provide the results of our survey, and based on them, offer recommendations for developing AIRR-seq standards and controls, including future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Trück
- University Children's Hospital and the Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eugster
- CRTD Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre Barennes
- Sorbonne Université U959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France.,AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Paris, France
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Davide Bagnara
- University of Genoa, Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinque Soto
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Jacob S Sherkow
- College of Law, University of Illinois, Champaign, United States.,Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System (IMGT), Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM) CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Wang K, Semple MG, Moore M, Hay AD, Tonner S, Galal U, Grabey J, Carver T, Perera R, Yu LM, Mollison J, Little P, Farmer A, Butler CC, Harnden A. The early use of Antibiotics for at Risk CHildren with InfluEnza-like illness (ARCHIE): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.02819-2020. [PMID: 33737410 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02819-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The UK government stockpiles co-amoxiclav to treat bacterial complications during influenza pandemics. This pragmatic trial examines whether early co-amoxiclav use reduces re-consultation due to clinical deterioration in "at risk" children presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in primary or ambulatory care. METHODS "At risk" children aged 6 months to 12 years presenting within f5 days of ILI onset were randomly assigned to oral co-amoxiclav 400/57 or placebo twice daily for 5 days (dosing based on age±weight). "At risk" groups included children with respiratory, cardiac, and neurological conditions. Randomisation was stratified by region and used a non-deterministic minimisation algorithm to balance age and current seasonal influenza vaccination status. Our target sample size was 650 children, which would have allowed us to detect a reduction in the proportion of children re-consulting due to clinical deterioration from 40% to 26% with 90% power and 5% two-tailed alpha error, including allowance for 25% loss to follow-up and an inflation factor of 1.041. Participants, caregivers and investigators were blinded to treatment allocation. Intention-to-treat analysis included all randomised participants with primary outcome data on re-consultation due to clinical deterioration within 28 days. Safety analysis included all randomised participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 70714783. EudraCT 2013-002822-21. RESULTS We recruited 271 children between February 11, 2015 and April 20, 2018. Primary outcome data were available for 265 children. Only 61/265 children (23.0%) re-consulted due to clinical deterioration. No evidence of a treatment effect was observed for re-consultation due to clinical deterioration (co-amoxiclav 33/133 (24.8%), placebo 28/132 (21.2%), adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 to 1.80). There was also no evidence of a difference between groups in the proportion of children for whom one or more adverse events were reported (co-amoxiclav 32/136 (23.5%), placebo 22/135 (16.3%), adjusted RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.34). Sixty-six adverse events were reported in total (co-amoxiclav n=37, placebo n=29). Nine serious adverse events were reported per group; none were considered related to study medication. CONCLUSION Our trial did not find evidence that treatment with co-amoxiclav reduces risk of re-consultation due to clinical deterioration in "at risk" children who present early with ILI during influenza season. Our findings therefore do not support early co-amoxiclav use in children with seasonal ILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Wang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - Michael Moore
- Academic Unit, Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, UK
| | - Alastair D Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Sharon Tonner
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ushma Galal
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jenna Grabey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Tricia Carver
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Rafael Perera
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ly-Mee Yu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jill Mollison
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul Little
- Academic Unit, Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Christopher C Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Anthony Harnden
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Hirst JA, Bobrow K, Farmer A, Morgan J, Levitt N. Point-of-care HbA 1c testing in an urban primary care diabetes clinic in South Africa: a mixed methods feasibility study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045511. [PMID: 33653762 PMCID: PMC7929845 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monitoring and treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Africa usually takes place in primary care using random blood glucose testing to guide treatment decisions. This study explored the feasibility of using point-of-care haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing in addition to glucose testing in a busy primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. SUBJECTS 185 adults aged 19-88 years with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants recruited to this mixed methods cohort study received a point-of-care HbA1c test. Doctors were asked to use the point-of-care HbA1c result for clinical decision-making. Qualitative interviews were held with clinical staff. RESULTS Point-of-care HbA1c test results were obtained for 165 participants of whom 109 (65%) had poor glycaemic control (>8% HbA1c, 64 mmol/mol). Medical officers reported using a combination of HbA1c and blood glucose 77% of the time for clinical decision-making. Nurses found the analyser easy to use and doctors valued having the HbA1c result to help with decision-making. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that 30% of patients may have received inappropriate medication or not received necessary additional medication if random blood glucose alone had been used in routine appointments. Clinicians valued having access to the HbA1c test result to help them make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kirsten Bobrow
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennie Morgan
- Metro Health Services, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Farmer A, Thibivilliers S, Ryu KH, Schiefelbein J, Libault M. Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing reveals the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression in Arabidopsis roots at the single-cell level. Mol Plant 2021; 14:372-383. [PMID: 33422696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other complex organisms, plants consist of diverse and specialized cell types. The gain of unique biological functions of these different cell types is the consequence of the establishment of cell-type-specific transcriptional programs. As a necessary step in gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling plant gene expression, we report the use of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sNucRNA-seq) and single-nucleus assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (sNucATAC-seq) technologies on Arabidopsis roots. The comparison of our single-nucleus transcriptomes to the published protoplast transcriptomes validated the use of nuclei as biological entities to establish plant cell-type-specific transcriptomes. Furthermore, our sNucRNA-seq results uncovered the transcriptomes of additional cell subtypes not identified by single-cell RNA-seq. Similar to our transcriptomic approach, the sNucATAC-seq approach led to the distribution of the Arabidopsis nuclei into distinct clusters, suggesting the differential accessibility of chromatin between groups of cells according to their identity. To reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression, we integrated sNucRNA-seq and sNucATAC-seq data and demonstrated that cell-type-specific marker genes display cell-type-specific patterns of chromatin accessibility. Our data suggest that the differential chromatin accessibility is a critical mechanism to regulate gene activity at the cell-type level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Kook Hui Ryu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
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Quilbé J, Lamy L, Brottier L, Leleux P, Fardoux J, Rivallan R, Benichou T, Guyonnet R, Becana M, Villar I, Garsmeur O, Hufnagel B, Delteil A, Gully D, Chaintreuil C, Pervent M, Cartieaux F, Bourge M, Valentin N, Martin G, Fontaine L, Droc G, Dereeper A, Farmer A, Libourel C, Nouwen N, Gressent F, Mournet P, D'Hont A, Giraud E, Klopp C, Arrighi JF. Genetics of nodulation in Aeschynomene evenia uncovers mechanisms of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:829. [PMID: 33547303 PMCID: PMC7864950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Among legumes (Fabaceae) capable of nitrogen-fixing nodulation, several Aeschynomene spp. use a unique symbiotic process that is independent of Nod factors and infection threads. They are also distinctive in developing root and stem nodules with photosynthetic bradyrhizobia. Despite the significance of these symbiotic features, their understanding remains limited. To overcome such limitations, we conduct genetic studies of nodulation in Aeschynomene evenia, supported by the development of a genome sequence for A. evenia and transcriptomic resources for 10 additional Aeschynomene spp. Comparative analysis of symbiotic genes substantiates singular mechanisms in the early and late nodulation steps. A forward genetic screen also shows that AeCRK, coding a receptor-like kinase, and the symbiotic signaling genes AePOLLUX, AeCCamK, AeCYCLOPS, AeNSP2, and AeNIN are required to trigger both root and stem nodulation. This work demonstrates the utility of the A. evenia model and provides a cornerstone to unravel mechanisms underlying the rhizobium-legume symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Quilbé
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Léo Lamy
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
- Plateforme Bioinformatique, Genotoul, BioinfoMics, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, INRAE, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Brottier
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Leleux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
- Plateforme Bioinformatique, Genotoul, BioinfoMics, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, INRAE, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Joël Fardoux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Ronan Rivallan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Benichou
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Rémi Guyonnet
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Villar
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olivier Garsmeur
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bárbara Hufnagel
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Delteil
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Clémence Chaintreuil
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Marjorie Pervent
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Fabienne Cartieaux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Mickaël Bourge
- Cytometry Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Valentin
- Cytometry Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Martin
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Fontaine
- BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaëtan Droc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Dereeper
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, DIADE, IPME, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Cyril Libourel
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nico Nouwen
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Gressent
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Mournet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique D'Hont
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plateforme Bioinformatique, Genotoul, BioinfoMics, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, INRAE, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-François Arrighi
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRAE/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J, Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France.
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Chen X, Yang Z, Chen W, Zhao Y, Farmer A, Tran B, Furtak V, Moos M, Xiao W, Wang C. A multi-center cross-platform single-cell RNA sequencing reference dataset. Sci Data 2021; 8:39. [PMID: 33531477 PMCID: PMC7854649 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is developing rapidly, and investigators seeking to use this technology are left with a variety of options for both experimental platform and bioinformatics methods. There is an urgent need for scRNA-seq reference datasets for benchmarking of different scRNA-seq platforms and bioinformatics methods. To be broadly applicable, these should be generated from renewable, well characterized reference samples and processed in multiple centers across different platforms. Here we present a benchmark scRNA-seq dataset that includes 20 scRNA-seq datasets acquired either as mixtures or as individual samples from two biologically distinct cell lines for which a large amount of multi-platform whole genome sequencing data are also available. These scRNA-seq datasets were generated from multiple popular platforms across four sequencing centers. We believe the datasets we describe here will provide a resource that meets this need by allowing evaluation of various bioinformatics methods for scRNA-seq analyses, including but not limited to data preprocessing, imputation, normalization, clustering, batch correction, and differential analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Zhaowei Yang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, P. R. China
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | | | - Bao Tran
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Vyacheslav Furtak
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research & Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Malcolm Moos
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research & Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Leon N, Namadingo H, Bobrow K, Cooper S, Crampin A, Pauly B, Levitt N, Farmer A. Intervention development of a brief messaging intervention for a randomised controlled trial to improve diabetes treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:147. [PMID: 33451308 PMCID: PMC7811237 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brief messaging interventions, including Short Message Service (SMS) text-messages, delivered via mobile device platforms, show promise to support and improve treatment adherence. To understand how these interventions work, and to facilitate transparency, we need clear descriptions of the intervention development process. Method We describe and reflect on the process of designing and pretesting an evidence- and theory-informed brief messaging intervention, to improve diabetes treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. We followed the stepwise approach recommended by the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom (MRC UK) Framework for Development and Evaluation of Complex Health Interventions and guidance for mobile health intervention development. Results We used a four-phase, iterative approach that first generated primary and secondary evidence on the lived experience of diabetes, diabetes treatment services and mobile-phone use. Second, we designed a type 2 diabetes-specific, brief text-message library, building on our previous hypertension text-message library, as well as drawing on the primary and secondary data from phase one, and on expert opinion. We then mapped the brief text-messages onto behaviour change (COM-B) theoretical constructs. Third, we refined and finalised the newly developed brief text-message library through stakeholder consultation and translated it into three local languages. Finally, we piloted the intervention by pre-testing the automated delivery of the brief text-messages in the trial sites in Malawi and South Africa. The final SMS text Adherence suppoRt for people with type 2 diabetes (StAR2D) intervention was tested in a randomised controlled trial in Malawi and South Africa (trial registration: ISRCTN70768808). Conclusion The complexity of public health interventions requires that we give more attention to intervention development work. Our documentation and reflection on the StAR2D intervention development process promotes transparency, replicability, assessment of intervention quality, and comparison with other studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10089-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Leon
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Hazel Namadingo
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kirsty Bobrow
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Cooper
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amelia Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pauly
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Whelan M, Biggs C, Areia C, King E, Lawson B, Newhouse N, Ding X, Velardo C, Bafadhel M, Tarassenko L, Watkinson P, Clifton D, Farmer A. Recruiting patients to a digital self-management study whilst in hospital for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: A feasibility analysis. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211020876. [PMID: 34104470 PMCID: PMC8165816 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211020876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often hospitalised with acute exacerbations (AECOPD) and many patients get readmitted. Intervening with hospitalised patients may be optimal timing to provide support. Our previous work demonstrated use of a digital monitoring and self-management support tool in the community. However, we wanted to explore the feasibility of recruiting patients whilst hospitalised for an AECOPD, and to identify the rate of dropout attrition around admission for AECOPD. METHODS Patients were recruited to the EDGE2 study between May 2019 and March 2020. Patients were identified by the clinical teams and patients were recruited by members of the clinical research team. Participants were aged 40 years or older, had a diagnosis of COPD and were attending or admitted to hospital for an AECOPD. Participants were given a tablet computer, Bluetooth-linked pulse oximeter and wrist-worn physical activity monitor to use until 6 months post-discharge. Use of the system aimed to support COPD self-management by enabling self-monitoring of vital signs, COPD symptoms, mood and physical activity, and access to multi-media educational resources. RESULTS 281 patients were identified and 126 approached. The main referral source was the specialist respiratory nursing and physiotherapist team (49.8% of patients identified). Twenty-six (37.1%) patients were recruited. As of 21 April 2020, 14 (53.8%) participants withdrew and 11 (of 14; 78.6%) participants withdrew within four weeks of discharge. The remaining participants withdrew between one and three months follow-up (1 of 14; 7.1%) and between three and six months follow-up (2 of 14; 14.3%). CONCLUSION A large number of patients were screened to recruit a relatively small sample and a high rate of dropout was observed. It does not appear feasible to recruit patients with COPD to digital interventional studies from the hospital setting when they have the burden of coping with acute illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Whelan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Christopher Biggs
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlos Areia
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth King
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beth Lawson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikki Newhouse
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carmelo Velardo
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lionel Tarassenko
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Watkinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Clifton
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford-Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Angwin C, Jenkinson C, Jones A, Jennison C, Henley W, Farmer A, Sattar N, Holman RR, Pearson E, Shields B, Hattersley A. TriMaster: randomised double-blind crossover study of a DPP4 inhibitor, SGLT2 inhibitor and thiazolidinedione as second-line or third-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have suboptimal glycaemic control on metformin treatment with or without a sulfonylurea-a MASTERMIND study protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e042784. [PMID: 33371044 PMCID: PMC7754630 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmaceutical treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased to include multiple classes of oral glucose-lowering agents but without accompanying guidance on which of these may most benefit individual patients. Clinicians lack information for treatment intensification after first-line metformin therapy. Stratifying patients by simple clinical characteristics may improve care by targeting treatment options to those in whom they are most effective. This academically designed and run three-way crossover trial aims to test a stratification approach using three standard oral glucose-lowering agents. METHODS AND ANALYSIS TriMaster is a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial taking place at up to 25 clinical sites across England, Scotland and Wales. 520 patients with T2DM treated with either metformin alone, or metformin and a sulfonylurea who have glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >58 mmol/mol will be randomised to receive 16 weeks each of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and thiazolidinedione in random order. Participants will be assessed at the end of each treatment period, providing clinical and biochemical data, and their experience of side effects. Participant preference will be assessed on completion of all three treatments. The primary endpoint is HbA1c after 4 months of therapy (allowing a range of 12-18 weeks for analysis). Secondary endpoints include participant-reported preference between the three treatments, tolerability and prevalence of side effects. ETHICAL APPROVAL This study was approved by National Health Service Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee South Central-Oxford A, study 16/SC/0147. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant scientific meetings. A lay summary of results will be made available to all participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS 12039221; 2015-002790-38 and NCT02653209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Angwin
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Caroline Jenkinson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Angus Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | | | - William Henley
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rury R Holman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Beverley Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Andrew Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Dakin HA, Farmer A, Gray AM, Holman RR. Economic Evaluation of Factorial Trials: Cost-Utility Analysis of the Atorvastatin in Factorial With Omega EE90 Risk Reduction in Diabetes 2 × 2 × 2 Factorial Trial of Atorvastatin, Omega-3 Fish Oil, and Action Planning. Value Health 2020; 23:1340-1348. [PMID: 33032778 PMCID: PMC7537832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We applied principles for conducting economic evaluations of factorial trials to a trial-based economic evaluation of a cluster-randomized 2 × 2 × 2 factorial trial. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of atorvastatin, omega-3 fish oil, and an action-planning leaflet, alone and in combination, from a UK National Health Service perspective. METHODS The Atorvastatin in Factorial With Omega EE90 Risk Reduction in Diabetes (AFORRD) Trial randomized 800 patients with type 2 diabetes to atorvastatin, omega-3, or their respective placebos and randomized general practices to receive a leaflet-based action-planning intervention designed to improve compliance or standard care. The trial was conducted at 59 UK general practices. Sixteen-week outcomes for each trial participant were extrapolated for 70 years using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model v2.01. We analyzed the trial as a 2 × 2 factorial trial (ignoring interactions between action-planning leaflet and medication), as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial trial (considering all interactions), and ignoring all interactions. RESULTS We observed several qualitative interactions for costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) that changed treatment rankings. However, different approaches to analyzing the factorial design did not change the conclusions. There was a ≥99% chance that atorvastatin is cost-effective and omega-3 is not, at a £20 000/QALY threshold. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin monotherapy was the most cost-effective combination of the 3 trial interventions at a £20 000/QALY threshold. Omega-3 fish oil was not cost-effective, while there was insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions about action planning. Recently-developed methods for analyzing factorial trials and combining parameter and sampling uncertainty were extended to estimate cost-effectiveness acceptability curves within a 2x2x2 factorial design with model-based extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Dakin
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Alastair M Gray
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Rury R Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
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Pasha A, Subramaniam S, Cleary A, Chen X, Berardini T, Farmer A, Town C, Provart N. Araport Lives: An Updated Framework for Arabidopsis Bioinformatics. Plant Cell 2020; 32:2683-2686. [PMID: 32699173 PMCID: PMC7474289 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Pasha
- Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology, Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Shabari Subramaniam
- The Arabidopsis Information Resource/Phoenix Bioinformatics Fremont, California 94538
| | - Alan Cleary
- National Center for Genome Resources Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
| | - Xingguo Chen
- The Arabidopsis Information Resource/Phoenix Bioinformatics Fremont, California 94538
| | - Tanya Berardini
- The Arabidopsis Information Resource/Phoenix Bioinformatics Fremont, California 94538
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
| | | | - Nicholas Provart
- Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology, Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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