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LaFrance BJ, Ray AM, Fisher RN, Grant EHC, Shafer C, Beamer DA, Spear SF, Pierson TW, Davenport JM, Niemiller ML, Pyron RA, Glorioso BM, Barichivich WJ, Halstead BJ, Roberts KG, Hossack BR. Publisher Correction: A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks. Sci Data 2024; 11:409. [PMID: 38649357 PMCID: PMC11035695 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J LaFrance
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Jackson, WY, 83001, USA
- National Park Service-Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- National Park Service-Southern Plains Network, Pecos, NM, 87552, USA.
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Charles Shafer
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - David A Beamer
- Office of Research, Economic Development and Engagement, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Stephen F Spear
- U.S. Geological Survey-Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Todd W Pierson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Jon M Davenport
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Brian J Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Kory G Roberts
- Arkansas Herpetological Atlas, Bella Vista, AR, 72715, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey-Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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LaFrance BJ, Ray AM, Fisher RN, Grant EHC, Shafer C, Beamer DA, Spear SF, Pierson TW, Davenport JM, Niemiller ML, Pyron RA, Glorioso BM, Barichivich WJ, Halstead BJ, Roberts KG, Hossack BR. A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks. Sci Data 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38177140 PMCID: PMC10767084 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
National parks and other protected areas are important for preserving landscapes and biodiversity worldwide. An essential component of the mission of the United States (U.S.) National Park Service (NPS) requires understanding and maintaining accurate inventories of species on protected lands. We describe a new, national-scale synthesis of amphibian species occurrence in the NPS system. Many park units have a list of amphibian species observed within their borders compiled from various sources and available publicly through the NPSpecies platform. However, many of the observations in NPSpecies remain unverified and the lists are often outdated. We updated the amphibian dataset for each park unit by collating old and new park-level records and had them verified by regional experts. The new dataset contains occurrence records for 292 of the 424 NPS units and includes updated taxonomy, international and state conservation rankings, hyperlinks to a supporting reference for each record, specific notes, and related fields which can be used to better understand and manage amphibian biodiversity within a single park or group of parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J LaFrance
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Jackson, WY, 83001, USA
- National Park Service-Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- National Park Service-Southern Plains Network, Pecos, NM, 87552, USA.
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Charles Shafer
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - David A Beamer
- Office of Research, Economic Development and Engagement, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Stephen F Spear
- U.S. Geological Survey-Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Todd W Pierson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Jon M Davenport
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Brian J Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Kory G Roberts
- Arkansas Herpetological Atlas, Bella Vista, AR, 72715, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey-Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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Ray AM, Sepulveda AJ, Irvine KM, Wilmoth SKC, Thoma DP, Patla DA. Wetland drying linked to variations in snowmelt runoff across Grand Teton and Yellowstone national parks. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:1188-1197. [PMID: 30970484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Grand Teton and Yellowstone national parks wetlands offer critical habitat and play a key role in supporting biological diversity. The shallow depths and small size of many palustrine wetlands in these protected areas and elsewhere make them vulnerable to changes in climate compared with larger and deeper aquatic habitats. Here, we use a simple water balance model to generate estimates of biophysical drivers of wetland change. We then examine the relationship between wetland inundation status and four principal drivers (i.e., temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff) spanning varying meteorological conditions over an 8-year time series from Grand Teton and Yellowstone national parks. We found that models containing snowmelt runoff outperformed models with other meteorological drivers and determined that a higher percentage of surveyed wetlands were dry in years characterized by lower runoff. Our work further shows that wetland drying was widespread across both parks, but sub-regional variations were best described at the hydrologic subbasin-level. Documenting the varying responses of wetlands to meteorological drivers is a necessary first step to identifying which subbasins are most sensitive to recent climatic change and contemplating how future change may alter the distribution of wetlands and their dependent taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ray
- National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitory Network, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States of America.
| | - Adam J Sepulveda
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Irvine
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States of America
| | - Siri K C Wilmoth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States of America
| | - David P Thoma
- National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitory Network, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States of America
| | - Debra A Patla
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, P.O. Box 2705, Jackson, WY 83001, United States of America
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Gould WR, Ray AM, Bailey LL, Thoma D, Daley R, Legg K. Multistate occupancy modeling improves understanding of amphibian breeding dynamics in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Ecol Appl 2019; 29:e01825. [PMID: 30403314 PMCID: PMC7017861 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the determinants of species occurrence across landscapes is fundamental to their conservation and management. In spatially and climatologically complex landscapes, explaining the dynamics of occurrence can lead to improved understanding of short- vs. long-term trends and offer novel insight on local vs. regional change. We examined the changes in occupancy for two species of anurans with different life histories over a decade using hundreds of wetland sites in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. To account for the joint dynamics of wetland drying and amphibian breeding, we adopted a multistate occupancy model as a means to investigate mechanistic relationships of observed occurrence patterns with climatological drivers of wetland hydrologic variability. This approach allowed us to decompose occupancy dynamics into habitat changes caused by wetland drying and amphibian breeding activity, conditional on available water and previous breeding state. Over our 10-yr time series, we observed considerable variability in climate drivers and the proportion of dry wetlands. Boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) were more responsive to changes in wetland inundation status than Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris), as indicated by higher breeding colonization probabilities under favorable (wet) conditions. Both species had high probabilities of breeding persistence in permanently inundated wetlands with prior breeding. Despite the absence of multi-year drought in our time series, mechanistic relationships described here offer insights on how future climate variation may result in reduced and/or shifted occurrence patterns for pond-breeding anurans in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Further, our modeling approach may prove valuable in evaluating determinants of occurrence for other species that are dependent on wetlands or other dynamic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Gould
- Applied Statistics ProgramNew Mexico State UniversityBox 30001/MSC 3CQLas CrucesNew Mexico88003USA
| | - Andrew M. Ray
- National Park ServiceGreater Yellowstone Network2327 University Way, Suite 2BozemanMontana59715USA
| | - Larissa L. Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology and the Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State University1474 Campus Delivery, Fort CollinsColorado80523USA
| | - David Thoma
- National Park ServiceGreater Yellowstone Network2327 University Way, Suite 2BozemanMontana59715USA
- National Park ServiceNorthern Colorado Plateau Network2327 University Way, Suite 2BozemanMontana59715USA
| | - Rob Daley
- National Park ServiceGreater Yellowstone Network2327 University Way, Suite 2BozemanMontana59715USA
| | - Kristin Legg
- National Park ServiceGreater Yellowstone Network2327 University Way, Suite 2BozemanMontana59715USA
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Miller DAW, Grant EHC, Muths E, Amburgey SM, Adams MJ, Joseph MB, Waddle JH, Johnson PTJ, Ryan ME, Schmidt BR, Calhoun DL, Davis CL, Fisher RN, Green DM, Hossack BR, Rittenhouse TAG, Walls SC, Bailey LL, Cruickshank SS, Fellers GM, Gorman TA, Haas CA, Hughson W, Pilliod DS, Price SJ, Ray AM, Sadinski W, Saenz D, Barichivich WJ, Brand A, Brehme CS, Dagit R, Delaney KS, Glorioso BM, Kats LB, Kleeman PM, Pearl CA, Rochester CJ, Riley SPD, Roth M, Sigafus BH. Quantifying climate sensitivity and climate-driven change in North American amphibian communities. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3926. [PMID: 30254220 PMCID: PMC6156563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing climate will impact species' ranges only when environmental variability directly impacts the demography of local populations. However, measurement of demographic responses to climate change has largely been limited to single species and locations. Here we show that amphibian communities are responsive to climatic variability, using >500,000 time-series observations for 81 species across 86 North American study areas. The effect of climate on local colonization and persistence probabilities varies among eco-regions and depends on local climate, species life-histories, and taxonomic classification. We found that local species richness is most sensitive to changes in water availability during breeding and changes in winter conditions. Based on the relationships we measure, recent changes in climate cannot explain why local species richness of North American amphibians has rapidly declined. However, changing climate does explain why some populations are declining faster than others. Our results provide important insights into how amphibians respond to climate and a general framework for measuring climate impacts on species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA.
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Staci M Amburgey
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Maxwell B Joseph
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - J Hardin Waddle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maureen E Ryan
- School of Environment and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Conservation Science Partners, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Info Fauna Karch, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Calhoun
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Norcross, GA, 30093, USA
| | - Courtney L Davis
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - David M Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Susan C Walls
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Larissa L Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sam S Cruickshank
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gary M Fellers
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Thomas A Gorman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carola A Haas
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - David S Pilliod
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, 83706, USA
| | - Steven J Price
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Walt Sadinski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Daniel Saenz
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Research Station, Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX, 75965, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Adrianne Brand
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Cheryl S Brehme
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Rosi Dagit
- Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga, CA, 90290, USA
| | - Katy S Delaney
- National Park Service-Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Lee B Kats
- Natural Sciences Division, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Patrick M Kleeman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carlton J Rochester
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Seth P D Riley
- National Park Service-Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | - Mark Roth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Brent H Sigafus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
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Preston TM, Borgreen MJ, Ray AM. Effects of brine contamination from energy development on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure in the Prairie Pothole Region. Environ Pollut 2018; 239:722-732. [PMID: 29723822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America support macroinvertebrate communities that are integral to local food webs and important to breeding waterfowl. Macroinvertebrates in PPR wetlands are primarily generalists and well adapted to within and among year changes in water permanence and salinity. The Williston Basin, a major source of U.S. energy production, underlies the southwest portion of the PPR. Development of oil and gas results in the coproduction of large volumes of highly saline, sodium chloride dominated water (brine) and the introduction of brine can alter wetland salinity. To assess potential effects of brine contamination on macroinvertebrate communities, 155 PPR wetlands spanning a range of hydroperiods and salinities were sampled between 2014 and 2016. Brine contamination was documented in 34 wetlands with contaminated wetlands having significantly higher chloride concentrations, specific conductance and percent dominant taxa, and significantly lower taxonomic richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness scores compared to uncontaminated wetlands. Non-metric multidimensional scaling found significant correlations between several water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate communities. Chloride concentration and specific conductance, which can be elevated in naturally saline wetlands, but are also associated with brine contamination, had the strongest correlations. Five wetland groups were identified from cluster analysis with many of the highly contaminated wetlands located in a single cluster. Low or moderately contaminated wetlands were distributed among the remaining clusters and had macroinvertebrate communities similar to uncontaminated wetlands. While aggregate changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were observed with brine contamination, systematic changes were not evident, likely due to the strong and potentially confounding influence of hydroperiod and natural salinity. Therefore, despite the observed negative response of macroinvertebrate communities to brine contamination, macroinvertebrate community structure alone is likely not the most sensitive indicator of brine contamination in PPR wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Preston
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - Michael J Borgreen
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Medicine Lake, MT, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Girdner SF, Ray AM, Buktenica MW, Hering DK, Mack JA, Umek JW. Replacement of a unique population of newts (Taricha granulosa mazamae) by introduced signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in Crater Lake, Oregon. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sepulveda AJ, Ray AM. Guest Editorial: Aquatic Science in the Northwest. Northwest Science 2017. [DOI: 10.3955/046.091.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Sepulveda
- United States Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Andrew M. Ray
- National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Network, 2327 University Way, Ste 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
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Ray AM, Oglesby S, Mullarkey C, Watson JP. P114 Implications of NICE 2016 tuberculosis guidance for a TB contact screening service. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ray AM, Gould WR, Hossack BR, Sepulveda AJ, Thoma DP, Patla DA, Daley R, Al‐Chokhachy R. Influence of climate drivers on colonization and extinction dynamics of wetland‐dependent species. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Ray
- Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitory Network National Park Service 2327 University Way, Suite 2 Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
| | - William R. Gould
- Department of Economics and Applied Statistics New Mexico State University Box 30001/MSC 3CQ Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative P.O. Box 2705 Jackson Wyoming 83001 USA
| | - Blake R. Hossack
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute U.S. Geological Survey 790 E. Beckwith Avenue Missoula Montana 59801 USA
| | - Adam J. Sepulveda
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 2327 University Way, Suite 2 Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
| | - David P. Thoma
- Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitory Network National Park Service 2327 University Way, Suite 2 Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
| | - Debra A. Patla
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative P.O. Box 2705 Jackson Wyoming 83001 USA
| | - Rob Daley
- Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitory Network National Park Service 2327 University Way, Suite 2 Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
| | - Robert Al‐Chokhachy
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 2327 University Way, Suite 2 Bozeman Montana 59715 USA
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Stokes AN, Ray AM, Buktenica MW, Gall BG, Paulson E, Paulson D, French SS, Brodie ED, Brodie ED. Otter Predation onTaricha granulosaand Variation in Tetrodotoxin Levels with Elevation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1898/nwn13-19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ray AM, Mebane CA, Raben F, Irvine KM, Marcarelli AM. Evaluation of a combined macrophyte-epiphyte bioassay for assessing nutrient enrichment in the Portneuf River, Idaho, USA. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186:4081-4096. [PMID: 24549944 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe and evaluate a laboratory bioassay that uses Lemna minor L. and attached epiphytes to characterize the status of ambient and nutrient-enriched water from the Portneuf River, Idaho. Specifically, we measured morphological (number of fronds, longest surface axis, and root length) and population-level (number of plants and dry mass) responses of L. minor and community-level (ash-free dry mass [AFDM] and chlorophyll a [Chl a]) responses of epiphytes to nutrient enrichment. Overall, measures of macrophyte biomass and abundance increased with increasing concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (P) and responded more predictably to nutrient enrichment than morphological measures. Epiphyte AFDM and Chl a were also greatest in P-enriched water; enrichments of N alone produced no measurable epiphytic response. The epiphyte biomass response did not directly mirror macrophyte biomass responses, illustrating the value of a combined macrophyte-epiphyte assay to more fully evaluate nutrient management strategies. Finally, the most P-enriched waters not only supported greater standing stocks of macrophyte and epiphytes but also had significantly higher water column dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon concentrations and a lower pH. Advantages of this macrophyte-epiphyte bioassay over more traditional single-species assays include the use of a more realistic level of biological organization, a relatively short assay schedule (~10 days), and the inclusion of multiple biological response and water-quality measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecological Research and Education, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA,
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Bellmore JR, Baxter CV, Ray AM, Denny L, Tardy K, Galloway E. Assessing the potential for salmon recovery via floodplain restoration: a multitrophic level comparison of dredge-mined to reference segments. Environ Manage 2012; 49:734-750. [PMID: 22323109 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pre-restoration studies typically focus on physical habitat, rather than the food-base that supports aquatic species. However, both food and habitat are necessary to support the species that habitat restoration is frequently aimed at recovering. Here we evaluate if and how the productivity of the food-base that supports fish production is impaired in a dredge-mined floodplain within the Yankee Fork Salmon River (YFSR), Idaho (USA); a site where past restoration has occurred and where more has been proposed to help recover anadromous salmonids. Utilizing an ecosystem approach, we found that the dredged segment had comparable terrestrial leaf and invertebrate inputs, aquatic primary producer biomass, and production of aquatic invertebrates relative to five reference floodplains. Thus, the food-base in the dredged segment did not necessarily appear impaired. On the other hand, we observed that off-channel aquatic habitats were frequently important to productivity in reference floodplains, and the connection of these habitats in the dredged segment via previous restoration increased invertebrate productivity by 58%. However, using a simple bioenergetic model, we estimated that the invertebrate food-base was at least 4× larger than present demand for food by fish in dredged and reference segments. In the context of salmon recovery efforts, this observation questions whether additional food-base productivity provided by further habitat restoration would be warranted in the YFSR. Together, our findings highlight the importance of studies that assess the aquatic food-base, and emphasize the need for more robust ecosystem models that evaluate factors potentially limiting fish populations that are the target of restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ryan Bellmore
- Stream Ecology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.
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Beebe-Dimmer JL, Zuhlke KA, Ray AM, Lange EM, Cooney KA. Genetic variation in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and the type 1 receptor (ADIPOR1), obesity and prostate cancer in African Americans. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2010; 13:362-8. [PMID: 20697428 PMCID: PMC2978765 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2010.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is a protein derived from adipose tissue suspected to play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. Variants in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and its type I receptor (ADIPOR1) have been recently linked to risk of both breast and colorectal cancer. Therefore, we set out to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in these genes, obesity and prostate cancer in study of African American men. Methods Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 were genotyped in DNA samples from 131 African American prostate cancer cases and 344 controls participating in the Flint Men's Health Study. Logistic regression was then used to estimate their association with prostate cancer and obesity. Results While no significant associations were detected between any of the tested SNPs and prostate cancer, the rs1501299 SNP in ADIPOQ was significantly associated with body mass (p=0.03). Conclusions Genetic variation in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 did not predict risk of prostate cancer in this study of African American men. However, the rs1501299 SNP in ADIPOQ was associated with obesity. Further investigation is warranted to determine if racial differences exist in the influence of the adiponectin pathway on prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Beebe-Dimmer
- Department of Population Studies and Prevention, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Ray AM, Zuhlke KA, Johnson GR, Levin AM, Douglas JA, Lange EM, Cooney KA. Absence of truncating BRIP1 mutations in chromosome 17q-linked hereditary prostate cancer families. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:2043-7. [PMID: 19935797 PMCID: PMC2795448 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a genome-wide scan (GWS) of 175 multiplex prostate cancer (PCa) families from the University of Michigan Prostate Cancer Genetics Project (PCGP), linkage was observed to markers on chromosome 17q21–24, a region that includes two breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRIP1. BRIP1 is a Fanconi anaemia gene (FANCJ) that interacts with the BRCT domain of BRCA1 and has a role in DNA damage repair. Protein truncating mutations in BRIP1 have been identified in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families, and a recent report suggested that a recurrent truncating mutation (R798X) may have a role in PCa susceptibility. Methods: We examined the role of BRIP1 mutations in hereditary PCa through sequence analysis of 94 individuals from PCGP families showing linkage to 17q. Results: A total of 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including 7 missense variants but no protein truncating mutations, were observed. Conclusion: The data presented here suggest that BRIP1 truncating mutations are uncommon in PCa cases and do not account for the linkage to chromosome 17q observed in our GWS. Additional investigation is needed to determine the significance, if any, of the observed BRIP1 missense variants in hereditary PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ray AM, Swift IP, Moreira JA, Millar JG, Hanks LM. (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one is a major pheromone component of Anelaphus inflaticollis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Environ Entomol 2009; 38:1462-1466. [PMID: 19825301 DOI: 10.1603/022.038.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the identification and field bioassays of a major component of the male-produced aggregation pheromone of Anelaphus inflaticollis Chemsak, an uncommon desert cerambycine beetle. Male A. inflaticollis produced a sex-specific blend of components that included (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, (S)-2-hydroxyhexan-3-one, 2,3-hexanedione, and (2R,3R)- and (2R,3S)-2,3-hexanediols. Field trials with baited bucket traps determined that the reconstructed synthetic pheromone blend and (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one alone attracted adult A. inflaticollis of both sexes, with significantly more beetles being attracted to the blend. We conclude that (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one is a major pheromone component of A. inflaticollis, and our results suggest that one or more of the minor components may further increase attraction of conspecifics. Scanning electron microscopy showed that male A. inflaticollis have pores on the prothorax that are consistent in structure with sex-specific pheromone gland pores in related species. Males also displayed stereotyped calling behavior similar to that observed in other cerambycine species. This study represents the first report of volatile pheromones for a cerambycine species in the tribe Elaphidiini.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ray
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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White KA, Lange EM, Ray AM, Wojno KJ, Cooney KA. Prohibitin mutations are uncommon in prostate cancer families linked to chromosome 17q. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2006; 9:298-302. [PMID: 16733518 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage studies have provided evidence for a prostate cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 17q. The mitochondrial protein prohibitin (PHB) is a plausible candidate gene based on its chromosomal location (17q21) and known function. METHODS All coding regions and intron/exon junctions of the PHB gene were sequenced in 32 men from families participating in the University of Michigan Prostate Cancer Genetics Project that demonstrated evidence of linkage to 17q markers. RESULTS Although a number of nucleotide variants were identified, no coding region substitutions were identified in any of the 32 men with prostate cancer from 32 unrelated multiplex prostate cancer families. CONCLUSIONS PHB mutations do not appear to account for the linkage signal on 17q21-22 detected in PCGP families. Fine mapping of this region is in progress to refine the candidate region and highlight additional candidate prostate cancer susceptibility genes for sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946, USA
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Beebe-Dimmer JL, Lange LA, Cain JE, Lewis RC, Ray AM, Sarma AV, Lange EM, Cooney KA. Polymorphisms in the prostate-specific antigen gene promoter do not predict serum prostate-specific antigen levels in African-American men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2005; 9:50-5. [PMID: 16247489 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A major problem with the use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in predicting prostate cancer risk is the considerable variability of such measurements. Cramer et al. identified a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the upstream regulatory region of the PSA gene that were each associated with increased promoter activity and serum PSA, further suggesting that genotyping these SNPs could be useful in improving the predictive value of PSA screening. In order to replicate this finding, DNA samples from 475 African-American men were genotyped for the same SNPs and no association was observed with either serum PSA level or prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Beebe-Dimmer
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA.
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Gray J, Haran MM, Schneider K, Vesce S, Ray AM, Owen D, White IR, Cutler P, Davis JB. Evidence that inhibition of cathepsin-B contributes to the neuroprotective properties of caspase inhibitor Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethyl ketone. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:32750-5. [PMID: 11427531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the use of tetrapeptide and other proprietary caspase inhibitors in the study of neurodegeneration, we had concluded that mechanisms other than the inhibition of caspases contributed to the protective effects of certain caspase inhibitors. Here we report our studies to identify a target for and hence a mechanism by which the tetrapeptide inhibitor tyrosine-valine-alanine-aspartate-chloromethyl ketone (Ac-YVAD-cmk) is able to rescue neuronal cell cultures from cell death. Ac-YVAD-cmk rescued neuronal cells from cell death in response to oxidative stress and oxygen/glucose deprivation. Affinity labeling with biotinylated YVAD-cmk demonstrated distinct binding proteins for the inhibitor in cells from the central nervous system versus Jurkat cells. Binding to the novel target protein was displaced by class-specific protease inhibitors and suggested that the target is a cysteine protease. Affinity purification and sequencing identified the target as cathepsin-B. Cathepsin-B inhibitors competed with biotinylated YVAD-cmk for the target protein. The availability of the target for binding was reduced in cells that had been rescued by unlabeled inhibitor. Cathepsin-B inhibitors rescue hippocampal slices from cell death induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation. These data provide evidence to support a role for cathepsin-B in neuronal cell death, particularly that following ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gray
- Neuroscience Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Beavers (Castor canadensis Kuhl.) are keystone species that dramatically alter nutrient cycles and food webs in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by modifying their hydrology and selectively removing riparian trees. We documented macrophyte succession in 36 beaver ponds ranging from 4 to over 40 years old. We used impounded bogs, because they were isolated from other waterbodies and less prone to washout. Richness and diversity increased linearly in ponds during the first four decades. Pond age and the product of pond size and the number of neighboring ponds in a 0.25-km radius explained 64% (p = 0.001) of the variation in richness. Compositional trends were best explained by propagule dispersal traits. Initial colonists included vagile species, like free-floating macrophytes and desirable foods for waterfowl, like the narrow-leaved pondweeds. Ponds of intermediate age (1140 years) had the highest diversity, with both floating-leaved and submersed life forms represented. Two community types were identified in older ponds: one characterized by dense lily pad cover and the other characterized by a rich assemblage of Potamogeton. By developing a predictive model for macrophyte succession in beaver ponds, we provide a basis for studying a variety of ecological processes and organisms that depend on macrophytes in these regionally abundant habitats.Key words: macrophyte, succession, beaver, bogs, Minnesota, pond.
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Barone FC, Irving EA, Ray AM, Lee JC, Kassis S, Kumar S, Badger AM, Legos JJ, Erhardt JA, Ohlstein EH, Hunter AJ, Harrison DC, Philpott K, Smith BR, Adams JL, Parsons AA. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase provides neuroprotection in cerebral focal ischemia. Med Res Rev 2001; 21:129-45. [PMID: 11223862 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1128(200103)21:2<129::aid-med1003>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in many cellular processes. The stress-activated MAPK, p38, has been linked to inflammatory cytokine production and cell death following cellular stress. Here, we demonstrate focal ischemic stroke-induced p38 enzyme activation (i.e., phosphorylation) in the brain. The second generation p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 239063 was identified to exhibit increased kinase selectivity and improved cellular and in vivo activity profiles, and thus was selected for evaluation in two rat models of permanent focal ischemic stroke. SB 239063 was administered orally pre- and post-stroke and intravenously post-stroke. Plasma concentration levels were achieved in excess of those that effectively inhibit p38 activity. In both moderate and severe stroke, SB 239063 reduced infarct size by 28-41%, and neurological deficits by 25-35%. In addition, neuroprotective plasma concentrations of SB 239063 that reduced p38 activity following stroke also reduced the stroke-induced expression of IL-1beta and TNFalpha (i.e., cytokines known to contribute to stroke-induced brain injury). SB 239063 also provided direct protection of cultured brain tissue to in vitro ischemia. This robust SB 239063-induced neuroprotection emphasizes a significant opportunity for targeting MAPK pathways in ischemic stroke injury, and also suggests that p38 inhibition be evaluated for protective effects in other experimental models of nervous system injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Barone
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Barone FC, Irving EA, Ray AM, Lee JC, Kassis S, Kumar S, Badger AM, White RF, McVey MJ, Legos JJ, Erhardt JA, Nelson AH, Ohlstein EH, Hunter AJ, Ward K, Smith BR, Adams JL, Parsons AA. SB 239063, a second-generation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, reduces brain injury and neurological deficits in cerebral focal ischemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 296:312-21. [PMID: 11160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 has been linked to the production of inflammatory cytokines/mediators/inflammation and death/apoptosis following cell stress. In these studies, a second-generation p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB 239063 (IC(50) = 44 nM), was found to exhibit improved kinase selectivity and increased cellular (3-fold) and in vivo (3- to 10-fold) activity over first-generation inhibitors. Oral SB 239063 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced plasma tumor necrosis factor production (IC(50) = 2.6 mg/kg) and reduced adjuvant-induced arthritis (51% at 10 mg/kg) in rats. SB 239063 reduced infarct volume (48%) and neurological deficits (42%) when administered orally (15 mg/kg, b.i.d.) before moderate stroke. Intravenous SB 239063 exhibited a clearance of 34 ml/min/kg, a volume of distribution of 3 l/kg, and a plasma half-life of 75 min. An i.v. dosing regimen that provided effective plasma concentrations of 0.38, 0.75, or 1.5 microg/ml (i.e., begun 15 min poststroke and continuing over the initial 6-h p38 activation period) was used. Significant and dose-proportional brain penetration of SB 239063 was demonstrated during these infusion periods. In both moderate and severe stroke, intravenous SB 239063 produced a maximum reduction of infarct size by 41 and 27% and neurological deficits by 35 and 33%, respectively. No effects of the drug were observed on cerebral perfusion, hemodynamics, or body temperature. Direct neuroprotective effects from oxygen and glucose deprivation were also demonstrated in organotypic cultures of rat brain tissue. This robust in vitro and in vivo SB 239063-induced neuroprotection emphasizes the potential role of MAPK pathways in ischemic stroke and also suggests that p38 inhibition warrants further study, including protection in other models of nervous system injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Barone
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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Ray AM, Owen DE, Evans ML, Davis JB, Benham CD. Caspase inhibitors are functionally neuroprotective against oxygen glucose deprivation induced CA1 death in rat organotypic hippocampal slices. Brain Res 2000; 867:62-9. [PMID: 10837798 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the neuroprotective efficacy of the cell penetrant caspase inhibitor, Ac-YVAD-cmk, in a hippocampal slice model of neuronal cell death induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were prepared from 8 to 10-day-old rats and maintained for 10 to 12 days in vitro. Pre-treatment with Ac-YVAD-cmk prior to 45 min oxygen and glucose deprivation was neuroprotective as measured by propidium iodide uptake, with an EC(50) between 1 and 10 micromol/l. Ac-YVAD-cmk was also able to preserve synaptic function in the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures 24 h after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Ac-YVAD-cmk prevented the increase in histone-associated DNA fragmentation induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. Interleukin-1beta did not reverse the protective effect of Ac-YVAD-cmk, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist alone was not protective. These results show that caspase inhibitors are neuroprotective in a hippocampal slice culture system, using structural, biochemical and electrophysiological endpoints, and that this effect is not a result of inhibition of interleukin-1beta production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ray
- Department of Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, Essex, UK.
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Upton N, Blackburn TP, Campbell CA, Cooper D, Evans ML, Herdon HJ, King PD, Ray AM, Stean TO, Chan WN, Evans JM, Thompson M. Profile of SB-204269, a mechanistically novel anticonvulsant drug, in rat models of focal and generalized epileptic seizures. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121:1679-86. [PMID: 9283703 PMCID: PMC1564882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Earlier optimization of structure-activity relationships in a novel series of 4-(benzoylamino)-benzopyrans, led to the discovery of SB-204269 (trans-(+)-6-acetyl-4S-(4-fluorobenzoylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b]pyran-3R-ol, hemihydrate), a potent orally-active anticonvulsant in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test. 2. Studies have now been undertaken to determine the effects of SB-204269 in a range of seizure models and tests of neurological deficits in rats. In addition, the compound has been evaluated in a series of in vitro mechanistic assays. 3. SB-204269 proved to be an orally-effective anticonvulsant agent, at doses (0.1-30 mg Kg-1) devoid of overt behavioural depressant properties, in models of both electrically (MEST and maximal electroshock (MEST)) and chemically (i.v. pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) infusion)-evoked tonic extension seizures. However, the compound did not inhibit PTZ-induced myoclonic seizures at doses up to 30 mg kg-1, p.o. 4. SB-204269 also selectively reduced focal electrographic seizure activity in an in vitro elevated K+ rat hippocampal slice model at concentrations (0.1-10 microM) that had no effect on normal synaptic activity and neuronal excitability. 5. In all of these seizure models, SB-204269 was equivalent or better than the clinically established antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and lamotrigine, in terms of anticonvulsant potency and efficacy. 6. Unlike SB-204269, the corresponding trans 3S,4R enantiomer, SB-204268, did not produce marked anticonvulsant effects, an observation in accord with previous findings for other related pairs of trans enantiomers in the benzopyran series. 7. In the rat accelerating rotarod test, a sensitive paradigm for the detection of neurological deficits such as sedation and motor incoordination, SB-204269 was inactive even at doses as high as 200 mg kg-1, p.o. This was reflected in the excellent therapeutic index (minimum significantly effective dose in the rotarod test/ED50 in the MES test) for SB-204269 of > 31, as compared to equivalent values of only 7 and 13 for carbamazepine and lamotrigine, respectively. 8. At concentrations (> or = 10 microM) well above those required to produce anticonvulsant activity in vivo (i.e. 0.1 microM in brain), SB-204269 did not interact with many of the well known mechanistic targets for established antiepileptic drugs (e.g. Na+ channels or GABAergic neurotransmission). Subsequent studies have shown that the anticonvulsant properties of SB-204269 are likely to be mediated by a novel stereospecific binding site present in the CNS. 9. The overall efficacy profile in rodent seizure models, together with a minimal liability for inducing neurological impairment and an apparently unique mechanism of action, highlight the therapeutic potential of SB-204269 for the treatment of refractory partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Upton
- Department of Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex
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Ray AM, Bressler K, Davis RE, Gallo JF, Patete ML. Cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis. A devastating complication of blepharoplasty. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123:633-6. [PMID: 9193227 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900060083014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis that developed after blepharoplasty, an occurrence that, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported in the medical literature. A patient who presented to our institution 3 days after undergoing blepharoplasty of the upper eyelid was diagnosed as having fulminant fasciitis involving extensive areas of the face, scalp, and neck. We review the case in detail and discuss clinical and radiological clues to diagnosis, surgical and medical management, wound care, and subsequent scar contracture. This case emphasizes the need for individualized, appropriate postoperative care and for an awareness of this rare, potentially fatal complication. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of cervicofacial fasciitis can arrest its rapid progression and prevent devastating sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ray
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Fla, USA
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