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Corbin KD, Carnero EA, Dirks B, Igudesman D, Yi F, Marcus A, Davis TL, Pratley RE, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Smith SR. Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3161. [PMID: 37258525 PMCID: PMC10232526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 ± 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 ± 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daria Igudesman
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Skyology Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Davis
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Steven R Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Karadagli F, Marcus A, Rittmann BE. Microbiological hydrogen (H 2 ) thresholds in anaerobic continuous-flow systems: Effects of system characteristics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37148477 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2 ) concentrations that were associated with microbiological respiratory processes (RPs) such as sulfate reduction and methanogenesis were quantified in continuous-flow systems (CFSs) (e.g., bioreactors, sediments). Gibbs free energy yield (ΔǴ ~ 0) of the relevant RP has been proposed to control the observed H2 concentrations, but most of the reported values do not align with the proposed energetic trends. Alternatively, we postulate that system characteristics of each experimental design influence all system components including H2 concentrations. To analyze this proposal, a Monod-based mathematical model was developed and used to design a gas-liquid bioreactor for hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis with Methanobacterium bryantii M.o.H. Gas-to-liquid H2 mass transfer, microbiological H2 consumption, biomass growth, methane formation, and Gibbs free energy yields were evaluated systematically. Combining model predictions and experimental results revealed that an initially large biomass concentration created transients during which biomass consumed [H2 ]L rapidly to the thermodynamic H2 -threshold (≤1 nM) that triggerred the microorganisms to stop H2 oxidation. With no H2 oxidation, continuous gas-to-liquid H2 transfer increased [H2 ]L to a level that signaled the methanogens to resume H2 oxidation. Thus, an oscillatory H2 -concentration profile developed between the thermodynamic H2 -threshold (≤1 nM) and a low [H2 ]L (~10 nM) that relied on the rate of gas-to-liquid H2 -transfer. The transient [H2 ]L values were too low to support biomass synthesis that could balance biomass losses through endogenous oxidation and advection; thus, biomass declined continuously and disappeared. A stable [H2 ]L (1807 nM) emerged as a result of abiotic H2 -balance between gas-to-liquid H2 transfer and H2 removal via advection of liquid-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadagli
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Skyology Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Carnero EA, Bock CP, Liu Y, Corbin K, Wohlers-Kariesch E, Ruud K, Moon J, Marcus A, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Muraviev A, Vodopyanov KL, Smith SR. Measurement of 24-h continuous human CH 4 release in a whole room indirect calorimeter. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:766-776. [PMID: 36794690 PMCID: PMC10027086 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00705.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the technology and validation of a new whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) methodology to quantify volume of methane (VCH4) released from the human body over 24 h concurrently with the assessment of energy expenditure and substrate utilization. The new system extends the assessment of energy metabolism by adding CH4, a downstream product of microbiome fermentation that could contribute to energy balance. Our new system consists of an established WRIC combined with the addition of off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to measure CH4 concentration ([CH4]). Development, validation, and reliability of the system included environmental experiments to measure the stability of the atmospheric [CH4], infusing CH4 into the WRIC and human cross-validation studies comparing [CH4] quantified by OA-ICOS and mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (MIR DCS).Our infusion data indicated that the system measured 24-h [CH4] and VCH4 with high sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Cross-validation studies showed good agreement between OA-ICOS and MIR DCS technologies (r = 0.979, P < 0.0001). Human data revealed 24-h VCH4 was highly variable between subjects and within/between days. Finally, our method to quantify VCH4 released by breath or colon suggested that over 50% of the CH4 was eliminated through the breath. The method allows, for the first time, measurement of 24-h VCH4 (in kcal) and therefore the measurement of the proportion of human energy intake fermented to CH4 by the gut microbiome and released via breath or from the intestine; also, it allows us to track the effects of dietary, probiotic, bacterial, and fecal microbiota transplantation on VCH4.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first time that continuous assessment of CH4 is reported in parallel with measurements of O2 consumption and CO2 production inside a whole room indirect calorimeter in humans and over 24 h. We provide a detailed description of the whole system and its parts. We carried out studies of reliability and validity of the whole system and its parts. CH4 is released in humans during daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Carnero
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - C. P. Bock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Y. Liu
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - K. Corbin
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - K. Ruud
- MEI Research, Ltd., Edina, Minnesota, United States
| | - J. Moon
- MEI Research, Ltd., Edina, Minnesota, United States
| | - A. Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - R. Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - A. Muraviev
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - K. L. Vodopyanov
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - S. R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Corbin KD, Carnero EA, Dirks B, Igudesman D, Yi F, Marcus A, Davis TL, Pratley RE, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Smith SR. Reprogramming the Human Gut Microbiome Reduces Dietary Energy Harvest. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2382790. [PMID: 36747835 PMCID: PMC9901041 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2382790/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of host energy balance1. We conducted a quantitative bioenergetics study aimed at understanding microbial and host factors contributing to energy balance. We used a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) to reprogram the gut microbiome by delivering more dietary substrates to the colon and randomized healthy participants into a within-subject crossover study with a Western Diet (WD) as a comparator. In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal, urinary, and methane)2. The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions. The MBD led to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host by channeling more energy to the colon and microbes. The MBD drove significant shifts in microbial biomass, community structure, and fermentation, with parallel alterations to the host enteroendocrine system and without altering appetite or energy expenditure. Host metabolizable energy on the MBD had quantitatively significant interindividual variability, which was associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiota experimentally and colonic transit time and short-chain fatty acid absorption in silico. Our results provide key insights into how a diet designed to optimize the gut microbiome lowers host metabolizable energy in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Corbin
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Daria Igudesman
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Taylor L. Davis
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Steven R. Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
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Bruner J, Marcus A, Fox G. Changes in Diacetyl and Amino Acid Concentration during the Fermentation of Dry-Hopped Beer: A Look at Twelve Saccharomyces Species and Strains. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2022.2078946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Bruner
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
- Creature Comforts Brewing Company, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Glen Fox
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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Marcus A, Fox G. Malting and Wort Production Potential of the Novel Grain Kernza ( Thinopyrum intermedium). Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2022.2026662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Marcus
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Glen Fox
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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Marcus A, Fox G. Fungal Biovalorization of a Brewing Industry Byproduct, Brewer's Spent Grain: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:2159. [PMID: 34574269 PMCID: PMC8465358 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beer industry is a major producer of solid waste globally, primarily in the form of brewer's spent grain (BSG), which due to its low value has historically been diverted to livestock as feed or to landfills. However, its high moisture content and chemical composition positions BSG as an ideal candidate for further processing with microbial fermentation. Recent research has focused on filamentous fungi and the ability of some species therein to degrade the predominant recalcitrant cellulolignin components of BSG to produce valuable compounds. Many species have been investigated to biovalorize this waste stream, including those in the genuses Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhyzopus, and Trichoderma, which have been used to produce a wide array of highly valuable enzymes and other functional compounds, and to increase the nutritional value of BSG as an animal feed. This review of recent developments in the application of filamentous fungi for the valorization of BSG discusses the biochemical makeup of BSG, the biological mechanisms underlying fungi's primacy to this application, and the current applications of fungi in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen Fox
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Desmond-Le Quéméner E, Moscoviz R, Bernet N, Marcus A. Modeling of interspecies electron transfer in anaerobic microbial communities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 67:49-57. [PMID: 33465544 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies electron transfer (IET) is a key phenomenon in anaerobic ecosystems, which is traditionally modeled as hydrogen transfer. Recently discovered alternative mediated IET (MIET) or direct IET (DIET) offer exciting alternative mechanisms of microbial partnerships that could lead to new strategies for the improvement of biotechnologies. Here, we analyze mathematical modeling of DIET and MIET in anaerobic ecosystems. Bioenergetics approaches already enable the evaluation of different energy sharing scenarios between microorganisms and give interesting clues on redox mediators and on possible ways of driving microbial communities relying on IET. The modeling of DIET kinetics however is currently only in its infancy. Recent concepts introduced for the modeling of electroactive biofilms should be further exploited. Recent modeling examples confirms the potential of DIET to increase the IET rates compared to H2-MIET, but also point out the need for additional characterizations of biological components supporting IET to improve predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Moscoviz
- SUEZ, Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement (CIRSEE), Le Pecq, France
| | - Nicolas Bernet
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Bai S, Balevicius V, Bittner E, Cheng YC, Chergui M, Cina J, das Neves Rodrigues N, Datta A, Dawlaty J, Dodin A, Fingerhut B, Fleming G, Ginsberg N, Hammes-Schiffer S, Huxter V, Kohler B, Lee Y, Leggett G, Marcus A, Morenz K, Ogilvie J, Olaya-Castro A, Oliver TAA, Son M, Song Y, Stavros V. Energy and charge-transfer in natural photosynthesis: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:133-161. [PMID: 31270514 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd90027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lazzaro A, Saini A, Elton C, Atkin GK, Mitchell IC, Lotzof K, Marcus A, Mathur P, Boyle DJ. Secondary colonic stent insertion in acute large bowel obstruction following primary stent failure. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019; 102:141-143. [PMID: 31660754 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colonic stent insertion has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with acute large bowel obstruction, either as a bridge to surgery or as definitive treatment. However, little is known of the role of secondary stent insertion following primary stent failure in patients considered inappropriate or high risk for emergency surgery. METHODS Fourteen patients presenting with acute large bowel obstruction who had previously been treated with colonic stent insertion were studied. All underwent attempted placement of a secondary stent. RESULTS Technical deployment of the stent was accomplished in 12 patients (86%) but only 9 (64%) achieved clinical decompression. Successful deployment and clinical decompression of a secondary stent was associated with older age (p=0.038). Sex, pathology, site of obstruction, duration of efficacy of initial stent and cause of primary failure were unrelated to outcome. No procedure related morbidity or mortality was noted following repeated intervention. CONCLUSIONS Secondary colonic stent insertion appears an effective, safe treatment in the majority of patients presenting with acute large bowel obstruction following failure of a primary stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lazzaro
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Saini
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C Elton
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - G K Atkin
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - K Lotzof
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Marcus
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - P Mathur
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - D J Boyle
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Ashfold M, Bender J, Bittner E, Cina J, Crespo-Hernández CE, das Neves Rodrigues N, Dawlaty J, Dill R, Dodin A, Duchi M, Estergreen L, Gate G, Gaynor J, Ginsberg N, Grieco C, Hammes-Schiffer S, Huxter V, Irgen-Gioro S, Joy J, Kohler B, Korovina N, Mahl J, Marcus A, Martinez T, Morenz K, Morris A, Ogilvie J, Oliver TAA, Penfold T, Persson P, Roberts T, Schwartz B, Song Y, Thompson M, Wasielewski M, Weiss E, Williams K. Photovoltaics and bio-inspired light harvesting: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:269-300. [PMID: 31270516 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd90028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marcus A, Marcus HJ, Camp SJ, Nandi D, Kitchen N, Thorne L. TM1-3 Improved prediction of surgical resectability in patients with glioblastoma multiforme using an artificial neural network. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesIn managing a patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a surgeon must weigh up whether sufficient tumour can be removed so that the patient can enjoy the benefits of decompression and cytoreduction, without impacting on the patient’s neurological status. In a previous study we identified the five most important anatomical features on a pre-operative MRI that are predictive of surgical resectability and used them to develop a grading system. The aim of this study was to apply an artificial neural network (ANN) to improve the prediction of surgical resectability.MethodsA prospectively maintained database was searched between February and August 2017 to identify all adult patients with supratentorial GBM that underwent resection. Pre-operative MRI scans were scored using the aforementioned grading system and post-operative scans assessed to determine the extent of resection. Performance of the standard grading system and ANN were then evaluated by analysing their Receiver Operator Characteristic curves; Area Under Curve (AUC) and accuracy were calculated and compared using the t-test with a value of p<0.05 considered significant.ResultsIn all, 47 patients were included, of which 18 (38.3%) were found to have complete excision. The AUC and accuracy were significantly greater using the ANN compared to the standard grading system (0.87 vs. 0.79 and 0.81 vs. 0.77 respectively; p<0.01 in both cases).ConclusionsAn ANN allows for improved prediction of surgical resectability in patients with GBM.
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Ashfold M, Bai S, Bradforth S, Chabera P, Cina J, Crespo-Hernández CE, das Neves Rodrigues N, Duchi M, Fleming G, Grieco C, Habershon S, Haggmark M, Hammes-Schiffer S, Hsieh ST, Kohler B, Lokstein H, Marcus A, Martinez T, Matsika S, Oliver TAA, Ortiz-Rodríguez L, Polivka T, Son M, Stavros V, Steen C, Turner M, Walla PJ, Woolley J. Photo-protection/photo-damage in natural systems: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:538-563. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd90031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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White D, Cartwright J, Marcus A, Burt M. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN ASSISTED LIVING THROUGH A NURSING EDUCATION—COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP MODEL. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D White
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University
| | - J Cartwright
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing
| | - A Marcus
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing
| | - M Burt
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing
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Van Ginkel SW, Miceli J, Kim BO, Yang Z, Young M, Marcus A, Rittmann BE. Determining the Mechanism for Low Sludge Yields in the Cannibal Solids Reduction System. Water Environ Res 2018; 90:42-47. [PMID: 28327257 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x14839994523947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and solids concentrations in samples from the Interchange Bioreactor (IBR), and return activated sludge (RAS) from Cannibal facilities having low and high sludge yields, were analyzed to understand the mechanisms behind low sludge production. Low sludge yields correlated to more EPS degradation, higher concentrations of iron, and reducing conditions in the IBR. In the low yield facilities, iron was reduced when the RAS passed through the anaerobic and reducing conditions of the IBR, and this led to more EPS solubilization and degradation. This "futile cycle" of EPS production and degradation appears to may have been most responsible for reducing sludge yields.
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Verdino G, Zelig R, Rigassio Radler D, Marcus A, Touger-Decker R. The Relationship between Prevalence of Risk for Malnutrition and Tooth Loss among Patients Aged 65 and Older Who Came to a University Based Dental School Clinic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Salvatore D, Touger-Decker R, Ziegler J, Rigassio Radler D, Marcus A, Hughes C. The Relationships Between Weight Status and Dental Caries Experience in Primary Teeth of Patients at a Pediatric Dental Clinic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Breitfeller E, Tomesko J, Marcus A, Touger-Decker R. Use of a Computer-Assisted Instruction Module to Teach Nutrition Focused Physical Examination to Pre-Professional Dietetic Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Romano M, Brody R, Marcus A, Touger-Decker R. Comparison of Performance of Advanced Clinical Nutrition Practice Tasks of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists with Graduate Degrees. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pieroth R, Radler DR, Guenther P, Brewster P, Marcus A. The Relationship between Social Support and Diet Quality in Middle-aged and Older Adults in the U.S. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gallo S, Brody R, Marcus A, Touger-Decker R. Exploring Practice Activities of Advanced Clinical Practice Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Desjardins S, Brody R, Marcus A, Touger-Decker R. Nutrition Focused Physical Examination Practices of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists That Have Completed an In-Person Nutrition Focused Physical Examination Course. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gall S, Brody R, Marcus A, Byham-Gray L. Determining Current Level of Research Involvement among Clinical Practice Dietitians in Colorado and New Mexico. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McGeehan G, Bukhtiyarov Y, Zhao Y, Meng S, Noto P, Stadanlick J, Kruk B, Hardy A, Lipinski K, Kandpal G, Algayer B, Guo J, Guo R, Marcus A, Lotesta S, Dong C, Fan K, Jia L, Yuan J, Zheng Y, Zhuang L, Dillard L, Claremon D, Gregg R, Lala D. VTP-43742 is a potent and selective RORγt blocker that demonstrates oral efficacy in a mouse model of autoimmunity through suppression of IL-17A production (THER7P.945). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.208.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Increased production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A by Th17 cells is a driver of multiple autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The nuclear receptor RORγt, IL-23 and TGFb are required for the differentiation of Th17 cells. RORγt stabilizes the Th17 phenotype by increasing the expression of IL-23R and inducing the synthesis of IL-17A in Th17 cells. Antibodies targeting IL-23 or IL-17A are highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis, AS and PsA, validating the RORγt /Th17 pathway in human disease. VTP-43742 is an orally active inhibitor of RORgt that is being pursued for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. VTP-43742 binds to RORγt with high affinity (Ki=3.5 nM) and exhibits >1000-fold selectivity versus the RORa and RORβ isotypes. VTP-43742 inhibits Th17 differentiation and IL-17A secretion from mouse splenocytes (IC50=57 nM) without affecting Th1, Th2, or Treg cell differentiation. In the MOG35-55/CFA immunized mouse EAE model, orally dosed VTP-43742 significantly suppressed clinical symptoms, demyelination and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory markers in the spinal cord. Importantly, VTP-43742 inhibits the secretion of IL-17A from activated hPBMCs (IC50=18 nM) and human whole blood (IC50=192 nM) from healthy and psoriatic donors. Further, VTP-43742 is well absorbed after oral administration in multiple animal species and has pharmacokinetics consistent with once-a-day dosing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Zhao
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | - Shi Meng
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | - Paul Noto
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | | | | | - Andrew Hardy
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
- 2Technology Transfer, Children's Hosp. of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Joan Guo
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | - Rong Guo
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | | | | | | | - Kristi Fan
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | - Lanqi Jia
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
| | - Jing Yuan
- 1Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Fort Washington, PA
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Gomes A, Ziegler J, Rothpletz-Puglia P, Marcus A. The Relationship between Early Nutritional Status and Pulmonary Function in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Taliaferro-Smith LD, Oberlick EM, Liu T, Eggers C, Kline ER, Nagaraju GPC, Marcus A, O'Regan R. P1-02-06: Silencing of IGF-1R Has Paradoxical Effects in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Phenotypes. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p1-02-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple negative (TN) breast cancers are a heterogeneous group of breast cancers with a poor prognosis in part due to a lack of effective targeted agents. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been shown to play a role in breast cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and migration and is overexpressed in more than a third of TN breast tumors. We hypothesized that IGF-1R could be a therapeutic target for a subset of TN breast cancers. Methods: We evaluated the effects of IGF-1R silencing on the metastatic properties of TN breast cancer cells by knock down in two morphologically distinct TN breast cancer cell lines using shRNA lentiviral techniques. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, of IGF-1R signaling molecules. Anchorage-dependent growth and Matrigel chamber assays were performed to assess the effects of IGF-1R silencing on colony formation and invasion of TN breast cancer cells, respectively; wound-healing and spheroid migration were also performed to assess the effects of IGF-1R inhibition on TN breast cancer cell motility. Results: Stably transfected mesenchymal MDA-MB-231 TN cells showed effective downregulation of IGF-1R protein expression, which resulted in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), confirmed by upregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Importantly, this MET resulted in reduced colony formation (p<0.0042) and cell motility and dramatically reduced invasion (p<0.0001). Conversely, silencing of IGF-1R in epithelial MDA-MB-468 TN cells induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), confirmed by downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin expression, with resultant increased colony formation (p<0.006), cell motility, and invasion (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate a paradoxical effect of targeting IGF-1R in TN breast cancers of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Targeting IGF-1R in TN breast cancers with a mesenchymal phenotype decreases invasion and metastatic potential. In contrast, targeting IGF-1R in TN breast cancers with an epithelial phenotype could have potentially detrimental effects. Our data suggest that IGF-1R inhibition should be explored as a therapeutic modality in TN breast cancers with a mesenchymal phenotype.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- LD Taliaferro-Smith
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - EM Oberlick
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - T Liu
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - C Eggers
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - ER Kline
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - GPC Nagaraju
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Marcus
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - R O'Regan
- 1Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marcus
- AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND
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Liu J, Fu Z, Li AR, Johnson M, Zhu L, Marcus A, Danao J, Sullivan T, Tonn G, Collins T, Medina J. Optimization of a series of quinazolinone-derived antagonists of CXCR3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Johnson M, Li AR, Liu J, Fu Z, Zhu L, Miao S, Wang X, Xu Q, Huang A, Marcus A, Xu F, Ebsworth K, Sablan E, Danao J, Kumer J, Dairaghi D, Lawrence C, Sullivan T, Tonn G, Schall T, Collins T, Medina J. Discovery and optimization of a series of quinazolinone-derived antagonists of CXCR3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3339-43. [PMID: 17448658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinazolinone-derived inhibitors of the CXCR3 receptor have been synthesized and their affinity for the receptor evaluated. Compounds were evaluated in a (125)I-IP10 displacement assay and in in vitro cell migration assays to IP10, ITAC, and MIG using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johnson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Abstract
We investigated a possible association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight by measuring weight status and energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, BMR) in 39 ADHD-boys with hyperactivity (mixed hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive or predominantly hyperactive/impulsive) and 30 healthy boys. The age range for the total group was 8-14 years. Weight and height were measured by a calibrated scales and stadiometer. Body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) were calculated. BMR was determined by indirect calorimetry. Significant differences were obtained between the ADHD- and the control-group, but not between ADHD-subgroups. Both BMI-SDS and BMR were higher in the group of ADHD-boys, whereby the differences were more marked when they were older. More overweight and obese subjects were found in the ADHD-sample. Impulsive behavior in ADHD-boys with hyperactivity may lead to an increased food intake, which is then likely to overcompensate the heightened energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hubel
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany
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Brumley WC, Latorre E, Kelliher V, Marcus A, Knowles DE. Determination of Chlordane in Soil by LC/GC/ECD and LC/GC/EC NIMS with Comparison of ASE, SFE, and SOXHLET Extraction. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808006594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. C. Brumley
- a Environmental Sciences Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory , P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV, 89193-3478
| | - E. Latorre
- a Environmental Sciences Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory , P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV, 89193-3478
| | - V. Kelliher
- a Environmental Sciences Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory , P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV, 89193-3478
| | - A. Marcus
- a Environmental Sciences Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory , P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV, 89193-3478
| | - D. E. Knowles
- b Dionex Corporation Salt Lake Technical Center , Salt Lake City, UT, 84119
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marcus
- FIELD CROPS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS BRANCH, MARKET QUALITY RESEARCH DIVISION, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND
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O'Brate A, Marcus A, Giannakakou P. O-189 The combination of farnesyltransferase inhibitors and taxolreverses taxol resistance by enhancing taxol binding to microtubules: Clinical implications for NSCLC therapy. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cleeland CS, Portenoy RK, Rue M, Mendoza TR, Weller E, Payne R, Kirshner J, Atkins JN, Johnson PA, Marcus A. Does an oral analgesic protocol improve pain control for patients with cancer? An intergroup study coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:972-80. [PMID: 15821119 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer pain is highly prevalent and commonly undertreated. This study was designed to determine whether dissemination of a clinical protocol for pain management would improve outcomes in community oncology practices. PATIENTS AND METHODS A pain management protocol was developed based on accepted guidelines. After baseline assessment, oncology practices were randomly assigned to 'analgesic protocol' (AP) sites, where oncologists implemented the guidelines in a group of lung or prostate cancer patients, or to 'physician discretion' (PD) sites, where customary treatment was continued. Patients treated on protocol and a comparison group of patients with pain due to breast cancer or myeloma were monitored for change in pain using the Brief Pain Inventory, and for change in other symptoms or mood. RESULTS The protocol terminated early because of poor accrual. We compared groups using proportions of patients who had no or mild pain at follow-up. Although measures of protocol adherence did not suggest the occurrence of major practice change, the proportion of lung or prostate cancer patients with no or mild pain increased significantly from baseline for those treated at AP sites compared with those treated at PD sites. There was no significant difference between the breast and myeloma patients treated at AP sites versus those treated at PD sites. CONCLUSION A protocol for cancer pain management can improve pain control. Diffusion of these benefits to other patients was not confirmed. Given the small sample size, these findings require confirmation in a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cleeland
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Capaldi RA, Aggeler R, Gilkerson R, Hanson G, Knowles M, Marcus A, Margineantu D, Marusich M, Murray J, Oglesbee D, Remington SJ, Rossignol R. A replicating module as the unit of mitochondrial structure and functioning. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1555:192-5. [PMID: 12206914 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion within human cells in tissue culture is pleomorphic and highly dynamic. The organelle mass can exist as thousands of small ovoids or as one continuous reticulum. In either state, the mitochondrial mass is in constant thermal motion, as well as moving in approximately 0.8-microm jumps that are determined by, and related to, attachments with cytoskeletal elements. Many protein complexes, such as the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and DNA containing nucleoids, are dispersed through the mass and as though fixed by attachments to membranes, such that they can become distributed to all of the individual small ovoid mitochondria when the reticulum becomes fragmented. This leads us to propose that a replicating module is the repeating unit of mitochondrial structure. Studies to examine heterogeneity of functioning within the organelle mass are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick A Capaldi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA.
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Marcus A. Do some people 'deserve' AIDS? One out of five think they do. Women Alive 2002:14-5. [PMID: 11683003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Hörig H, Wainstein A, Long L, Kahn D, Soni S, Marcus A, Edelmann W, Kucherlapati R, Kaufman HL. A new mouse model for evaluating the immunotherapy of human colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8520-6. [PMID: 11731437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A new murine model of human colorectal cancer was generated by crossing human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) transgenic mice (H-2K(b)) with adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc1638N) knockout mice (H-2K(b)). The resulting hybrid mice developed gastrointestinal polyps in 6-8 months that progressed to invasive carcinomas with a similar pattern of dysplasia and CEA expression as observed in human colorectal cancer. These animals exhibited incomplete or partial tolerance to CEA as evidenced by delayed growth of CEA-expressing tumors and the inability to inhibit CEA-specific CTL responses. These results have important implications for understanding the role of CEA-specific immunity in human colon cancer patients and suggest that vaccine strategies targeting CEA may be feasible. This model provides a powerful system for evaluating antigen-specific tumor immunity against spontaneous tumors arising in an orthotopic location and permits evaluation of therapeutic vaccine strategies for human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hörig
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Göpel C, Marcus A. [Initial experiences with amisulpride, an in Germany novel, atypical neuroleptic drug in treatment of adolescents with psychiatric disorders]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2001; 29:230-8. [PMID: 11524899 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.29.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In addition to conventional antipsychotic drugs, during the past decade an increasing number of atypical neuroleptics has been introduced in the treatment of juvenile schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders. In 1999 Germany legalized the benzamide amisulpride for the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic symptoms. Preliminary treatment results are reported here. METHODS Ten adolescent cases are presented with regard to the efficacy, side effects and dosage of amisulpride. RESULTS Preliminary results on the use of amisulpride are promising. The rate of side effects is tolerable. CONCLUSIONS Amisulprise seems to constitute a useful alternative in the treatment of juvenile schizophrenia for those who suffer from intolerable side effects of classical or atypical neuroleptics. Controlled studies are warranted to further clarify its efficacy and safety in the treatment of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Göpel
- Krankenanstalt Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Trier
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Göpel C, Marcus A. Erste Erfahrungen mit Amisulprid, einem in Deutschland neuen, atypischen Neuroleptikum in der Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit psychischen Erkrankungen. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 2001. [DOI: 10.1024//1422-4917.29.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Neben den klassischen Neuroleptika finden bei Jugendlichen zunehmend atypische Neuroleptika zur Behandlung schizophrener und schizoaffektiver Psychosen Verwendung. Seit Beginn des Jahres 1999 ist in Deutschland in der Behandlung akuter schizophrener Psychosen ein neues, offensichtlich wirkungsvolles Neuroleptikum aus der Gruppe der Benzamide verfügbar: Amisulprid. Erste Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung von Amisulprid werden berichtet. Methode: Zehn gut dokumentierte Behandlungsverläufe bei Jugendlichen unter Behandlung mit Amisulprid werden hinsichtlich Effektivität, unerwünschter Wirkungen und Dosierung berichtet. Ergebnisse: Erste Erfahrungen im Einsatz von Amisulprid sind insbesondere wegen der erheblich günstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofile bei überzeugender antipsychotischer Wirksamkeit vielversprechend. Schlussfolgerungen: Amisulprid scheint bei solchen Jugendlichen eine geeignete pharmakotherapeutische Alternative zu sein, die ein erhöhtes Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen unter atypischer neuroleptischer Medikation zeigen. Kontrollierte Studien sind nötig, um die Effektivität und Sicherheit dieser Substanz auch im Jugendalter sicher einschätzen zu können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch. Göpel
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Krankenanstalt Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier, Germany
| | - A. Marcus
- Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus (Leiter: PD Dr. A. Marcus), Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Relationships between serum cholesterol and suicidal behavior have been reported. As suicidal behavior is common in cocaine dependence, we looked for a relationship with serum cholesterol. To do this, we compared 57 cocaine-dependent patients who had attempted suicide with 111 cocaine-dependent patients who had never attempted suicide for their admission total serum cholesterol levels. We found that there were no significant differences between cocaine-dependent patients who had or had not attempted suicide in their total serum cholesterol levels. Also, there were no significant correlations between total serum cholesterol levels and scores on the Barratt Impulsivity Scale. Thus, admission total serum cholesterol does not appear to be clinically useful in the assessment of suicidal behavior in cocaine-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- Psychiatry Service (116A), Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA.
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Marcus A, Broekman M, Drosopoulos J, Pinsky D, Islam N, Gayle R, Maliszewski C. Thromboregulation by endothelial cells: significance for occlusive vascular diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:178-82. [PMID: 11156849 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
-During their 7- to 9-day lifespan in the circulation, platelets perform an ill-defined baseline function that maintains the integrity of the vasculature. In thrombocytopenic states, there is an increase in vascular permeability and fragility, which is presumably due to absence of this platelet function. In sharp contrast, biochemical or physical injury in the coronary, carotid, or peripheral arteries induces platelet activation and platelet recruitment, which can progress to thrombotic vascular occlusion. Because there is 1 death every 33 seconds from vascular occlusion in the United States, this problem has critical public health implications. In this review, we describe the characterization of a novel potential antithrombotic agent with a unique mode of action-biochemical "deletion" of ADP from an activated platelet releasate, which thereby inhibits platelet recruitment and further activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marcus
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exerts multifunctional regulatory roles in the growth, morphogenesis, differentiation, and motility of epithelial cells, and putatively plays important roles in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Aside from the full-length protein, 2 naturally occurring truncated HGF isoforms (NK1 and NK2) have been identified. Recent evidence suggests that a high level of HGF in surgically resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a negative prognostic marker for NSCLC patients' survival. The origin of HGF in these tumors remains uncertain. We show here by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry that HGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were predominantly expressed by the tumor cells in a high percentage of primary NSCLC. Stromal cell expression of HGF was limited to some lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Normal bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells also expressed HGF mRNA and immunoreactive protein. The mRNA transcripts and putative proteins of all 3 known HGF isoforms were detected in both normal lung and lung cancer tissues, but the full-length HGF was predominantly expressed. Our findings indicate that both autocrine and paracrine functions of HGF are likely to contribute to the pathobiology of lung cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
METHOD A case of life-threatening tonsil hyperplasia probably induced by severe bulimia nervosa is reported. A 14-year-old obese Caucasian girl developed severe dyspnea caused by an enlarged hyperplastic lingual tonsil after referral to a child and adolescent psychiatry unit after a suicide attempt during a family conflict. The enlargement of the lingual tonsil was seen 6 months after the development of severe bulimia nervosa. Surgical extirpation of the hyperplastic tissue was done without complications. Hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue associated with bulimia nervosa has never been described before. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There was no atopic or infectious history in this case. Presumably, excessive vomiting led to extreme tonsillar growth by irritating the lymphocyte tissue. The relationship between bulimia nervosa and tonsil hyperplasia is far from clear. Further clinical observations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Göpel
- Hospital "Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen," Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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Kaplan CP, Bastani R, Belin TR, Marcus A, Nasseri K, Hu MY. Improving follow-up after an abnormal pap smear: results from a quasi-experimental intervention study. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000; 9:779-90. [PMID: 11025870 DOI: 10.1089/15246090050147754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The success of cervical cancer control programs depends on regular screening with the Pap smear test and prompt and appropriate treatment of early neoplastic lesions. Recognizing the potentially grave consequences of lack of follow-up for abnormal Pap smears, numerous intervention studies have tested the impact of a variety of strategies to increase return for follow-up. The majority of these studies were evaluated under controlled experimental conditions. Despite the encouraging findings of these trials, the next step in the research continuum requires that the effectiveness of these interventions be demonstrated in real world settings before full implementation is initiated. We report the results of an evaluation study assessing the combined effectiveness of three intervention modalities found effective in prior randomized studies: a tracking follow-up protocol, transportation incentives, and financial incentives. This study used a before-after, nonequivalent control group design to assess the impact of a multifaceted intervention that included a computerized tracking protocol with transportation and financial incentives. The study was implemented at two major hospitals, two comprehensive health centers (CHC), and nine public health centers (PHC) under the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. One hospital, one CHC, and the four PHC located in the catchment area of the CHC were selected as experimental sites. The control sites - one hospital, one CHC, and five PHC - provided usual care. All women with an abnormal Pap smear at the intervention and control sites were included in the study. The study consisted of a 1-year period of baseline data collection (September 1989-August 1990), followed by a 2(1/2)-year intervention period (September 1990-February 1993). During the intervention period, the intervention protocol was implemented at the experimental sites, and the control sites provided usual care. Overall, we found that the rates of receipt of follow-up care were consistent with those found in similar studies. In contrast to results obtained in these prior randomized trials, we did not find strong and consistent evidence for intervention effects. Significant findings emerged only at the CHC and hospital levels and only for selected years. Results underscore the importance of testing interventions in real world conditions before large-scale implementation is initiated. In addition, this study highlights the challenge of detecting intervention effects in large-scale studies because of the greater measurement difficulties in field studies as compared with controlled experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kaplan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0856, USA
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Abstract
Administration of exogenous insulin (INS) inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate (HCO3) output via a dose-dependent, neurally mediated mechanism. To determine whether this effect was due to systemic hyperinsulinemia or to reduced endogenous insulin production, we examined the effect of hyperglycemia on secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion. Chronic pancreatic fistulae were created in six dogs. After 30 minutes of equilibration, a computer-assisted hyperglycemic clamp protocol was used to maintain glucose (GLU) levels 100 or 150 mg/dL above basal in clamp animals; control animals received volume- and rate-matched infusions of 0.9% saline. One hour after beginning the clamp period, intravenous secretin dose-response (16-125 ng/kg/h) was begun, doubling the dose every half hour. Unstimulated (0-30 minutes) HCO3, GLU, and INS levels did not differ between groups. INS and GLU levels in clamp animals were significantly elevated during clamp (30-90 minutes) and stimulated (90-210 minutes) periods. For the same periods, HCO3 secretion was not significantly changed despite profound hyperinsulinemia. We conclude that systemic hyperinsulinemia alone does not inhibit secretin-stimulated HCO3 output. Since exogenous INS exerts feedback regulation on the pancreas, we propose that suppression of endogenous INS secretion mediates the previously reported inhibitory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Simon
- Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Georgia 30033, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To learn more about the way that practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnose women who have menopausal symptoms. DESIGN We assembled a cohort of 23 postmenopausal women who had hot flushes and were otherwise healthy. Each woman was examined independently by nine practitioners of TCM on the same day. Examination consisted of medical history and physical examination. Diagnoses were recorded and counted. RESULTS The most frequent diagnosis made by the practitioners of TCM was kidney yin deficiency, which was the diagnosis made after 168 of 207 visits (81%); 23 women seen by nine TCM practitioners. Practitioners showed good agreement regarding presence of kidney yin deficiency: in 12 women (52%), this diagnosis was made by eight of nine practitioners; in 16 women (70%), seven of nine practitioners made this diagnosis; and in all 23 women (100%), at least five of nine practitioners made this diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners of TCM who diagnose postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms are likely to make a diagnosis that includes kidney yin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, Richmond, California 94801-2565, USA
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Baier M, Calonge N, Cutter G, McClatchey M, Schoentgen S, Hines S, Marcus A, Ahnen D. Validity of self-reported colorectal cancer screening behavior. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:229-32. [PMID: 10698488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
End points for trials promoting cancer screening are often based on self-reported screening behavior. This study was designed to evaluate and optimize the reliability of a computer-assisted telephone interview for collecting self-reported colorectal cancer screening behavior. Cases who had received a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, and/or colonoscopy, and controls who had no record of colorectal screening were identified among 40-75-year-old members of the Denver Kaiser Permanente Health Care Program and were contacted by telephone. Sensitivities and specificities of self-reported screening were calculated by comparison of subjects' recall with Kaiser Permanente records. The questionnaire was revised based upon results of the pilot phase of the study. Using the revised questionnaire, the sensitivity of self-reported screening was 96.2% for the FOBT, 94.9% for flexible sigmoidoscopy, 88.7% for colonoscopy, and 96.2% for either endoscopic screening test. The specificity of self-reported screening was 85.9% for the FOBT, 92.2% for flexible sigmoidoscopy, 96.8% for colonoscopy, and 92.0% for either endoscopic screening test. No marked differences in the accuracy of the self-reports were detected as a function of gender, age, ethnicity, or family history of colorectal cancer of the participants. Self-reports of colon cancer screening behavior can be reliably used as end points for intervention trials when carefully phrased questions are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baier
- American Medical Center Cancer Research Center, Lakewood, Colorado 80214, USA.
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Sobanski E, Marcus A, Hennighausen K, Hebebrand J, Schmidt MH. Further evidence for a low body weight in male children and adolescents with Asperger's disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 8:312-4. [PMID: 10654125 DOI: 10.1007/s007870050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The study explores the common clinical impression and previously reported finding by Hebebrand et al. (7) of reduced body weight in male children and adolescents with Asperger's disorder (AD). Body weight and height of 36 consecutively admitted male patients with AD were retrospectively assessed for the calculation of body mass indices (BMI, kg/m2). The BMIs were transformed to percentile ranks and plotted into BMI-centiles representative for the German population. In addition, comorbid psychopathology was assessed to explore a possible relationship between associated psychopathology and body weight. The mean BMI-centile of all patients was 34.7 +/- 31.8 and, thus, differed significantly from the mean centile of an age- and gender-matched psychiatric control group, which was 52.7 +/- 28.3. Thirteen patients had a BMI below the 10th centile and five even below the third. Three of the latter presented with disturbed eating behaviour. Altogether four patients showed disturbed eating behaviour. They had a significantly lower mean BMI-centile than the rest of the group. The BMI-centiles of patients with other additional psychopathology did not differ significantly from the mean percentile of the whole cohort. The results clearly show an increased risk for underweight and disturbed eating behaviour in patients with Asperger's disorder which should be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sobanski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
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