1
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Ertem FU, Rivers CR, Watson AR, Tang G, Schwartz M, Johnston E, Barrie A, Harrison J, Dueker JM, Hartman D, Binion DG. Granuloma Presence at Initial Surgery Predicts Need for Repeat Surgery Independent of Rutgeerts Score in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1895-1900. [PMID: 36721326 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half of Crohn's disease (CD) patients experience recurrence and need for repeat resections, highlighting need for prognostic biomarkers. Presence of epithelioid granuloma on surgical tissue and high Rutgeerts endoscopic score are associated with postoperative CD clinical recurrence. We sought to evaluate presence of epithelioid granuloma at first surgery and Rutgeerts score as a combined risk assessment for CD surgical recurrence. METHODS Our study included consented CD patients who underwent initial ileocecal resection and were prospectively followed postoperatively. From 2009 to 2019, 418 CD patients underwent initial ileocecal resection with >4 years of follow-up, including postoperative endoscopic assessment (Rutgeerts score). RESULTS Postoperative CD patients were grouped based on granuloma presence (30.6%; n = 128) or absence (69.4%; n = 290). Endoscopic recurrence (defined as Rutgeerts score ≥i2) was similar between the granuloma (26%) and no granuloma (25%) groups, respectively (P = .82). Patients with granuloma and CD endoscopic recurrence at first postoperative endoscopy had higher number of bowel surgeries compared with all other groups (no granuloma or CD endoscopic recurrence, P = .007; no granuloma but CD endoscopic recurrence present, P = .04; granuloma present and no CD endoscopic recurrence, P = .04). Epithelioid granuloma presence was associated with 1.65 times higher risk of subsequent surgery independently from first postoperative endoscopic recurrence Rutgeerts score. CONCLUSIONS Granuloma presence on initial surgical histology is immediately available and identifies high-risk CD patients who may benefit from early postoperative treatment, and these precision intervention trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan U Ertem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Claudia Ramos Rivers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gong Tang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marc Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elyse Johnston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Arthur Barrie
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey M Dueker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Doug Hartman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David G Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Narayanan S, Althans AR, Reitz KM, Allen LH, Kurukulasuriya C, Larkin TM, Reinert NJ, Cunningham KE, Watson AR, Celebrezze JP, Medich DS, Holder-Murray J. Drainage of anorectal abscesses in the operating room is associated with a decreased risk of abscess recurrence and fistula formation. Am J Surg 2023; 225:347-351. [PMID: 36150906 PMCID: PMC9999175 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely incision and drainage (I&D) is first line management for anorectal abscesses. We aimed to define current practices in anorectal abscess management and identify factors associated with abscess recurrence and fistula formation. METHODS Index episodes of anorectal abscesses treated with I&D in 2014-2018 at a multi-hospital healthcare system were included. Association with one-year abscess recurrence or fistula formation was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Fistulae were captured only among patients without fistulae at the index operation. RESULTS A total of 458 patients met study criteria. One-year rate of abscess recurrence or fistula formation was 20.3%. When compared to bedside procedures, drainage in the operating room was associated with a reduced risk of either recurrence or fistula formation (aHR 0.20 [95%CI 0.114-0.367]). CONCLUSIONS Improved exposure and patient comfort in the operating room may allow more complete drainage contributing to decreased rates of abscess recurrence or fistula formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Narayanan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison R Althans
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Reitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura H Allen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Timothy M Larkin
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan J Reinert
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kellie E Cunningham
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James P Celebrezze
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David S Medich
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Holder-Murray
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Anto VP, Dawes AJ, Vrees M, Watson AR, Lightner AL. Surgical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. R I Med J (2013) 2022; 105:25-30. [PMID: 36413448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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4
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Watson AR, Blount C, McPhee DP, Zhang D, Smith MPL, Reeds K, Williamson JE. Source, fate and management of recreational fishing marine debris. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 178:113500. [PMID: 35427814 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris, directly and indirectly, threatens marine habitat and biota. Fishing activity is generally recognised as a contributor to marine debris, but the relative input from recreational fishing remains unassessed. Here we provide the first comprehensive literature review of recreational fishing marine debris (RFMD) on a global scale. A systematic literature review identified 70 studies related to RFMD, and plastic and metal respectively were the dominant debris materials found. Nearshore coastal areas and reefs, acted as both sources and sinks of RFMD and a diverse suite of potential impacts such as ghost fishing and entanglement were identified at local scales. Overall, research of RFMD is lacking globally, however, its role in marine debris input is likely underestimated. We recommend more research on the volumes and risks, using a standardised classification approach. Where intervention is required, we suggest cooperative approaches between the sector and authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watson
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - C Blount
- Cardno (NSW/ACT) Pty Ltd, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - D P McPhee
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast 4226, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Zhang
- Cardno (NSW/ACT) Pty Ltd, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - M P Lincoln Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Cardno (NSW/ACT) Pty Ltd, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - K Reeds
- Cardno (NSW/ACT) Pty Ltd, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - J E Williamson
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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5
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Hrebinko KA, Reitz KM, Mohammed MK, Nassour I, Watson AR, Cunningham KE, Medich DS, Celebrezze JP, Holder-Murray JM. Transanal excision with adjuvant therapy for pT1N0 rectal tumors with high-risk features offers equivalent survival to radical resection: A National Cancer Database analysis. J Surg Oncol 2021; 125:475-483. [PMID: 34705273 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines favor transabdominal radical resection (RR) over transanal local excision (TAX) followed by adjuvant therapy (TAXa) for pT1N0 rectal tumors with high-risk features. Comparison of oncologic outcomes between these approaches is limited, although the former is associated with increased postoperative morbidity. We hypothesize that such treatment strategies result in equivalent long-term survival. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Cancer Database (2010-2016) to identify patients with pT1N0 rectal adenocarcinoma with high-risk features who underwent TAX or RR for curative intent. The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS), evaluated with log-rank and Cox-proportional hazards testing. RESULTS A total of 1159 patients (age 67.4 ± 12.9 years; 56.6% male; 83.3% White) met study criteria, of which 1009 (87.1%) underwent RR and 150 (12.9%) underwent TAXa. Patients undergoing TAXa had shorter lengths of stay (RR = 6.5 days, TAXa = 2.7 days, p < 0.001). The 5-year OS was equivalent between groups. TAX without adjuvant therapy was associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.17-2.78, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to demonstrate equivalent 5-year OS between TAXa and RR for T1N0 rectal cancer with high-risk features. These findings may guide the development of prospective, randomized trials and influence changes in practice recommendations for early-stage rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Hrebinko
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine M Reitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maryam K Mohammed
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kellie E Cunningham
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David S Medich
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James P Celebrezze
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M Holder-Murray
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Tessler RA, Watson AR, Holder-Murray J. The Incisionless Totally Laparoscopic Total Abdominal Colectomy: How I Do It? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021; 31:850-854. [PMID: 34152848 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2020.0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy (TAC) is the optimal operative approach for patients with medically refractory inflammatory bowel disease and other benign colon conditions. Minimally invasive techniques for TAC are safe, appropriate, and associated with faster recovery than open surgery. This may be of particular importance in patients who ultimately undergo proctectomy with or without intestinal pouch reconstruction. We describe approaches to the laparoscopic TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Tessler
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Holder-Murray
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Nicholson KJ, Rosengart MR, Watson AR. Telerounding Has Clinical Value and Enables the Busy Surgeon: A Colorectal Surgeon's Ten-Year Experience. Am Surg 2021; 88:2923-2927. [PMID: 33866864 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study of telemedicine and telerounding in surgical specialties is limited. The push for telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the face-to-face rounding paradigm and creates an opportunity for reflection on the benefits of telemedicine, especially for balancing competing corporate and clinical demands. METHODS The 117-month video-based inpatient telerounding experience of a colorectal surgeon in an academic medical system was recorded, including patient characteristics, diagnoses, technology, content of telerounding encounters, and logistical considerations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS 163 patients were seen in 201 telerounding encounters, primarily for routine postoperative care (90.5%). Most were admitted for inflammatory bowel disease (63.2%). Changes were made to plans of care during 28.9% of encounters, and discharge planning was part of 26.4%. Encounters were conducted primarily from the surgeon's administrative office (68.7%) or other work-related locations (10.9%), while 6.5% originated from the surgeon's home. Technologic issues occurred in 5.5% of encounters. 89.1% of patient feedback was positive and none was negative. CONCLUSION Telerounding is technologically feasible and has clinical value, including for patients with complex surgical problems. Technologic problems are rare and patient satisfaction is high. Surgeons should consider telerounding as a means to balance competing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew R Watson
- Department of Surgery, 6595University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Hauspurg A, Lemon L, Cabrera C, Javaid A, Binstock A, Quinn B, Larkin J, Watson AR, Beigi RH, Simhan H. Racial Differences in Postpartum Blood Pressure Trajectories Among Women After a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2030815. [PMID: 33351087 PMCID: PMC7756239 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Maternal morbidity and mortality are increasing in the United States, most of which occur post partum, with significant racial disparities, particularly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Blood pressure trajectory after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy has not been previously described. OBJECTIVES To describe the blood pressure trajectory in the first 6 weeks post partum after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and to evaluate whether blood pressure trajectories differ by self-reported race. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study included deliveries between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Women with a clinical diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were enrolled in a postpartum remote blood pressure monitoring program at the time of delivery and were followed up for 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed from April 6 to 17, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mixed-effects regression models were used to display blood pressure trajectories in the first 6 weeks post partum. RESULTS A total of 1077 women were included (mean [SD] age, 30.2 [5.6] years; 804 of 1017 White [79.1%] and 213 of 1017 Black [20.9%]). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found to decrease rapidly in the first 3 weeks post partum, with subsequent stabilization (at 6 days post partum: mean [SD] peak systolic blood pressure, 146 [13] mm Hg; mean [SD] peak diastolic blood pressure, 95 [10] mm Hg; and at 3 weeks post partum: mean [SD] peak systolic blood pressure, 130 [12] mm Hg; mean [SD] peak diastolic blood pressure, 85 [9] mm Hg). A significant difference was seen in blood pressure trajectory by race, with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreasing more slowly among Black women compared with White women (mean [SD] peak systolic blood pressure at 1 week post partum: White women, 143 [14] mm Hg vs Black women, 146 [13] mm Hg; P = .01; mean [SD] peak diastolic blood pressure at 1 week post partum: White women, 92 [9] mm Hg vs Black women, 94 [9] mm Hg; P = .02; and mean [SD] peak systolic blood pressure at 3 weeks post partum: White women, 129 [11] mm Hg vs Black women, 136 [15] mm Hg; P < .001; mean [SD] peak diastolic blood pressure at 3 weeks post partum: White women, 84 [8] mm Hg vs Black women, 91 [13] mm Hg; P < .001). At the conclusion of the program, 126 of 185 Black women (68.1%) compared with 393 of 764 White women (51.4%) met the criteria for stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that, in the postpartum period, blood pressure decreased rapidly in the first 3 weeks and subsequently stabilized. The study also found that, compared with White women, Black women had a less rapid decrease in blood pressure, resulting in higher blood pressure by the end of a 6-week program. Given the number of women with persistent hypertension at the conclusion of the program, these findings also appear to support the importance of ongoing postpartum care beyond the first 6 weeks after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisse Hauspurg
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lara Lemon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Clinical Analytics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Camila Cabrera
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amal Javaid
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Binstock
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beth Quinn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob Larkin
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew R. Watson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard H. Beigi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hyagriv Simhan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Watson
- Department of Surgery, UPMC International, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Wah
- Represents himself, McLean, Virginia, USA
| | - Ritu Thamman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Reitz KM, Andraska EM, Mahler BM, Medich D, Watson AR, Salgado JM, Celebrezze J, Holder-Murray JM. Interim Analysis: Perioperative Wearable Fitness Devices Accelerate Recovery in Elective Abdominal Colorectal Surgery Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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McCartney DL, Walker RM, Morris SW, Anderson SM, Duff BJ, Marioni RE, Millar JK, McCarthy SE, Ryan NM, Lawrie SM, Watson AR, Blackwood DHR, Thomson PA, McIntosh AM, McCombie WR, Porteous DJ, Evans KL. Altered DNA methylation associated with a translocation linked to major mental illness. NPJ Schizophr 2018; 4:5. [PMID: 29555928 PMCID: PMC5859082 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-018-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has highlighted a possible role for altered epigenetic modifications, including differential DNA methylation, in susceptibility to psychiatric illness. Here, we investigate blood-based DNA methylation in a large family where a balanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 11 shows genome-wide significant linkage to psychiatric illness. Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled in whole-blood-derived DNA from 41 individuals using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). We found significant differences in DNA methylation when translocation carriers (n = 17) were compared to related non-carriers (n = 24) at 13 loci. All but one of the 13 significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) mapped to the regions surrounding the translocation breakpoints. Methylation levels of five DMPs were associated with genotype at SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with the translocation. Two of the five genes harbouring significant DMPs, DISC1 and DUSP10, have been previously shown to be differentially methylated in schizophrenia. Gene Ontology analysis revealed enrichment for terms relating to neuronal function and neurodevelopment among the genes harbouring the most significant DMPs. Differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis highlighted a number of genes from the MHC region, which has been implicated in psychiatric illness previously through genetic studies. We show that inheritance of a translocation linked to major mental illness is associated with differential DNA methylation at loci implicated in neuronal development/function and in psychiatric illness. As genomic rearrangements are over-represented in individuals with psychiatric illness, such analyses may be valuable more widely in the study of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L McCartney
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stewart W Morris
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Susan M Anderson
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Barbara J Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - J Kirsty Millar
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shane E McCarthy
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Niamh M Ryan
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Douglas H R Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Pippa A Thomson
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - W Richard McCombie
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - David J Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
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12
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Dauvermann MR, Moorhead TW, Watson AR, Duff B, Romaniuk L, Hall J, Roberts N, Lee GL, Hughes ZA, Brandon NJ, Whitcher B, Blackwood DH, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Verbal working memory and functional large-scale networks in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:86-96. [PMID: 29111478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether bilinear and nonlinear effective connectivity (EC) measures of working memory fMRI data can differentiate between patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC). We applied bilinear and nonlinear Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for the analysis of verbal working memory in 16 SZ and 21 HC. The connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) were evaluated. We used Bayesian Model Selection at the group and family levels to compare the optimal bilinear and nonlinear models. Bayesian Model Averaging was used to assess the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation. The DCM analyses revealed that SZ and HC used different bilinear networks despite comparable behavioral performance. In addition, the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the DLPFC and the VTA/SN area showed differences between SZ and HC. The adoption of different functional networks in SZ and HC indicated neurobiological alterations underlying working memory performance, including different connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the DLPFC and the VTA/SN area. These novel findings may increase our understanding of connectivity in working memory in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Thomas Wj Moorhead
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Barbara Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graham L Lee
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; IMED Neuroscience Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Hr Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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Elvevåg B, Cohen AS, Wolters MK, Whalley HC, Gountouna V, Kuznetsova KA, Watson AR, Nicodemus KK. An examination of the language construct in NIMH's research domain criteria: Time for reconceptualization! Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:904-19. [PMID: 26968151 PMCID: PMC5025728 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative "calls for the development of new ways of classifying psychopathology based on dimensions of observable behavior." As a result of this ambitious initiative, language has been identified as an independent construct in the RDoC matrix. In this article, we frame language within an evolutionary and neuropsychological context and discuss some of the limitations to the current measurements of language. Findings from genomics and the neuroimaging of performance during language tasks are discussed in relation to serious mental illness and within the context of caveats regarding measuring language. Indeed, the data collection and analysis methods employed to assay language have been both aided and constrained by the available technologies, methodologies, and conceptual definitions. Consequently, different fields of language research show inconsistent definitions of language that have become increasingly broad over time. Individually, they have also shown significant improvements in conceptual resolution, as well as in experimental and analytic techniques. More recently, language research has embraced collaborations across disciplines, notably neuroscience, cognitive science, and computational linguistics and has ultimately re-defined classical ideas of language. As we move forward, the new models of language with their remarkably multifaceted constructs force a re-examination of the NIMH RDoC conceptualization of language and thus the neuroscience and genetics underlying this concept. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brita Elvevåg
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Tromsø−The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Norwegian Centre for eHealth ResearchUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Alex S. Cohen
- Department of PsychologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Maria K. Wolters
- School of InformaticsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Viktoria‐Eleni Gountouna
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Ksenia A. Kuznetsova
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Watson
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristin K. Nicodemus
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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14
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Whalley HC, Dimitrova R, Sprooten E, Dauvermann MR, Romaniuk L, Duff B, Watson AR, Moorhead B, Bastin M, Semple SI, Giles S, Hall J, Thomson P, Roberts N, Hughes ZA, Brandon NJ, Dunlop J, Whitcher B, Blackwood DHR, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Effects of a Balanced Translocation between Chromosomes 1 and 11 Disrupting the DISC1 Locus on White Matter Integrity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130900. [PMID: 26102360 PMCID: PMC4477898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Individuals carrying rare, but biologically informative genetic variants provide a unique opportunity to model major mental illness and inform understanding of disease mechanisms. The rarity of such variations means that their study involves small group numbers, however they are amongst the strongest known genetic risk factors for major mental illness and are likely to have large neural effects. DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1) is a gene containing one such risk variant, identified in a single Scottish family through its disruption by a balanced translocation of chromosomes 1 and 11; t(1;11) (q42.1;q14.3). Method Within the original pedigree, we examined the effects of the t(1;11) translocation on white matter integrity, measured by fractional anisotropy (FA). This included family members with (n = 7) and without (n = 13) the translocation, along with a clinical control sample of patients with psychosis (n = 34), and a group of healthy controls (n = 33). Results We report decreased white matter integrity in five clusters in the genu of the corpus callosum, the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, acoustic radiation and fornix. Analysis of the mixed psychosis group also demonstrated decreased white matter integrity in the above regions. FA values within the corpus callosum correlated significantly with positive psychotic symptom severity. Conclusions We demonstrate that the t(1;11) translocation is associated with reduced white matter integrity in frontal commissural and association fibre tracts. These findings overlap with those shown in affected patients with psychosis and in DISC1 animal models and highlight the value of rare but biologically informative mutations in modeling psychosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Bipolar Disorder/genetics
- Bipolar Disorder/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Corpus Callosum/pathology
- Cyclothymic Disorder/genetics
- Cyclothymic Disorder/pathology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics
- Depressive Disorder, Major/pathology
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Schizophrenia/pathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Translocation, Genetic
- White Matter/pathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rali Dimitrova
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Developing Brain, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Dauvermann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Moorhead
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott I. Semple
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Giles
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa Thomson
- Department of Medical Genetics, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe A. Hughes
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Nick J. Brandon
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Current affiliation: AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - John Dunlop
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Current affiliation: AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Bashshur RL, Shannon GW, Smith BR, Alverson DC, Antoniotti N, Barsan WG, Bashshur N, Brown EM, Coye MJ, Doarn CR, Ferguson S, Grigsby J, Krupinski EA, Kvedar JC, Linkous J, Merrell RC, Nesbitt T, Poropatich R, Rheuban KS, Sanders JH, Watson AR, Weinstein RS, Yellowlees P. The empirical foundations of telemedicine interventions for chronic disease management. Telemed J E Health 2014; 20:769-800. [PMID: 24968105 PMCID: PMC4148063 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2014.9981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The telemedicine intervention in chronic disease management promises to involve patients in their own care, provides continuous monitoring by their healthcare providers, identifies early symptoms, and responds promptly to exacerbations in their illnesses. This review set out to establish the evidence from the available literature on the impact of telemedicine for the management of three chronic diseases: congestive heart failure, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. By design, the review focuses on a limited set of representative chronic diseases because of their current and increasing importance relative to their prevalence, associated morbidity, mortality, and cost. Furthermore, these three diseases are amenable to timely interventions and secondary prevention through telemonitoring. The preponderance of evidence from studies using rigorous research methods points to beneficial results from telemonitoring in its various manifestations, albeit with a few exceptions. Generally, the benefits include reductions in use of service: hospital admissions/re-admissions, length of hospital stay, and emergency department visits typically declined. It is important that there often were reductions in mortality. Few studies reported neutral or mixed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid L. Bashshur
- E-Health Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary W. Shannon
- Department of Geography, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brian R. Smith
- E-Health Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Noura Bashshur
- E-Health Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Molly J. Coye
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charles R. Doarn
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Jim Grigsby
- University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Joseph C. Kvedar
- Partners Health Care, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew R. Watson
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Ramos-Rivers C, Regueiro M, Vargas EJ, Szigethy E, Schoen RE, Dunn M, Watson AR, Schwartz M, Swoger J, Baidoo L, Barrie A, Dudekula A, Youk AO, Binion DG. Association between telephone activity and features of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12:986-94.e1. [PMID: 24262938 PMCID: PMC4031304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Telephone communication is common between healthcare providers and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed telephone activity at an IBD care center to identify disease and patient characteristics associated with high levels of telephone activity and determine if call volume could identify individuals at risk for future visits to the emergency department (ED) or hospitalization. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study in which we categorized telephone calls received by nursing staff over 2 years at a tertiary care IBD clinic (2475 patients in 2009 and 3118 in 2010). We analyzed data on 21,979 ingoing and outgoing calls in 2009 and 32,667 calls in 2010 and assessed associations between clinical factors and logged telephone encounters, and between patterns of telephone encounters and future visits to the ED or hospitalization. RESULTS Telephone encounters occurred twice as frequently as office visits; 15% of the patients generated >10 telephone encounters per year and were responsible for half of all telephone encounters. A higher percentage of these high telephone encounter (HTE) patients were female, had Crohn's disease, received steroid treatment, had increased levels of C-reactive protein and rates of erythrocyte sedimentation, had psychiatric comorbidities, and had chronic abdominal pain than patients with lower telephone encounters. The HTE patients were also more frequently seen in the ED or hospitalized over the same time period and in subsequent years. Forty-two percent of patients with >8 telephone encounters within 30 days were seen in the ED or hospitalized within the subsequent 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Based on an analysis of telephone records at an IBD clinic, 15% of patients account for half of all calls. These HTE patients are a heterogeneous group with refractory disease who are likely to visit the ED or be hospitalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramos-Rivers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Miguel Regueiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Eric J. Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Eva Szigethy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Michael Dunn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Andrew R. Watson
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marc Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jason Swoger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Leonard Baidoo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Arthur Barrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anwar Dudekula
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ada O. Youk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - David G. Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Abstract
A masked analysis of videotaped assessments of people at high genetic risk of schizophrenia revealed that those who subsequently went on to develop schizophrenia used significantly more second-person pronouns. This was evident before diagnosis, at two separate assessments approximately 18 months apart. This supports the view that people who go on to develop schizophrenia may have an abnormality in the deictic frame of interpersonal communication - that is, the distinction between concepts being self-generated or from elsewhere may be blurred prior to the onset of a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Place, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
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18
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19
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Falcone JL, Watson AR. Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Conference using teleconferencing allows for increased faculty participation and moderation from satellite campuses and saves costs. J Surg Educ 2012; 69:58-62. [PMID: 22208834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical faculty participation in Morbidity and Mortality Conference (MMC) satisfies criteria for Continuing Medical Education (CME) credit. We hypothesize that using teleconferencing between the main campus to 2 satellite campuses will quantitatively increase faculty attendance and participation as a moderator at surgical MMC. We also want to perform a cost-benefit analysis of teleconferencing. METHODS In this retrospective descriptive study, faculty attendance at MMC at the main campus and 2 satellite campuses was observed from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010. Groups were compared with nonparametric statistics, using an α = 0.05. We performed an annual cost-benefit analysis of teleconferencing with consultation of an economist/financial advisor. The explicit and implicit costs of teleconferencing were compared with the opportunity cost-benefit of travel prevention. RESULTS In 2010, there were 45 MMC activities. A total of 236 Continuing Medical Education credit hours were reported, with 186 credit hours at the main campus and 68 credit hours at the satellite campuses. A Mann-Whitney U test showed an increase in the median total attendance (5 per conference) with the addition of the satellite campus attendance (2 per conference) (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the number of moderators at the main campus and the satellite campuses (p > 0.99). Cost benefits per faculty member was $96.70 per conference at 1 satellite campus and $193.60 per conference at the second satellite campus. A total of 73.1 hours of travel time was prevented, with a total annual net benefit of $7624. CONCLUSIONS Teleconferencing allows for increased faculty attendance at MMC and allows for faculty to stay at their respective hospitals for patient care. Teleconferencing also results in significant cost savings. We recommend that institutions with similar resources consider teleconferencing as a way to increase faculty member attendance at surgical MMC and to save hospital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Falcone
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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20
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Eid GM, Entabi F, Watson AR, Zuckerbraun BS, Wilson MA. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic side-to-side lateral pancreaticojejunostomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:1243. [PMID: 21584825 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Michel Eid
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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21
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Watson AR, Gartland CE. Strategies to reduce the pain of renal replacement therapy. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2011; 4:51-56. [PMID: 22912085 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.1989.4.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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22
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Eisenberg DP, Wey J, Bao PQ, Saul M, Watson AR, Schraut WH, Lee KKW, James Moser A, Hughes SJ. Short- and long-term costs of laparoscopic colectomy are significantly less than open colectomy. Surg Endosc 2010; 24:2128-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Lunn A, Blyton D, Watson AR. Blood pressure measurement in children: declining standards? Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:995. [PMID: 19933611 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.169599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ochalski PG, Horowitz MB, Mintz AH, Hughes SJ, Okonkwo DO, Kassam AB, Watson AR. Minimal-access technique for distal catheter insertion during ventricular peritoneal shunt procedures: a review of 100 cases. J Neurosurg 2009; 111:623-7. [PMID: 19284229 DOI: 10.3171/2009.2.jns08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the safety and efficacy of using a percutaneous minimal-access insertion technique for distal shunt catheter placement in 100 cases. From June 2007 to March 2008, they attempted 100 minimal-access insertions of distal shunt catheters in 91 patients who required ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Using the minimal-access approach, they avoided utilizing laparoscopic assistance or a mini-laparotomy in 91% of the cases. There were no bowel injuries or misplaced distal catheters. Additional outcomes in terms of operative times, cases that required conversion to open or laparoscopically assisted implantation, and infection rates are presented. They conclude that intraperitoneal shunt catheter placement can be safely and effectively accomplished using a simplified percutaneous minimal-access insertion method that does not require direct laparoscopic visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel G Ochalski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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25
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Sanders MK, Malick J, Fasanella KE, Watson AR. Endoscopic closure of iatrogenic duodenal perforation during EUS in a patient with unusual anatomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68:802-4. [PMID: 18513724 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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26
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Schaefer F, Feneberg R, Aksu N, Donmez O, Sadikoglu B, Alexander SR, Mir S, Ha IS, Fischbach M, Simkova E, Watson AR, Möller K, von Baum H, Warady BA. Worldwide variation of dialysis-associated peritonitis in children. Kidney Int 2007; 72:1374-9. [PMID: 17882152 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peritonitis is the most common cause of dialysis failure in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis. We performed a prospective study of 501 peritonitis episodes in 44 pediatric dialysis centers located in 14 countries that examined peritonitis etiology, efficiency of opinion-based management guidelines, and final outcomes. Culture-negative incidence varied significantly from 11% in North America to 67% in Mexico. Argentina and North America had the highest rate of Gram-negative episodes. Pseudomonas-based peritonitis was eightfold more common in the United States than in Europe, and correlated with the frequency of exit site cleansing and topical mupirocin administration. Significant regional variation in antibiotic susceptibility was noted for the first generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Initial response rates to standardized empiric antibiotic treatment did not differ between regions; however, final outcomes were significantly less favorable in Eastern Europe. The wide regional variation in culture-negative peritonitis, and the distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities of causative bacteria needs to be taken into consideration when the guidelines for empiric therapy of pediatric dialysis-associated peritonitis are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Prince JM, Vallabhaneni R, Zenati MS, Hughes SJ, Harbrecht BG, Lee KK, Watson AR, Peitzman AB, Billiar TR, Brown MT. Increased interactive format for Morbidity & Mortality conference improves educational value and enhances confidence. J Surg Educ 2007; 64:266-272. [PMID: 17961883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Mortality and Morbidity (M&M) conference is a staple of surgical training programs. With reduced resident work hours, maximizing limited educational opportunities has become essential. We attempted to determine whether increasing the perceived educational value in M&M conference is associated with enhanced confidence levels in the future. We analyzed which features of M&M case reviews are associated with greater perceived educational value and enhanced confidence to deal with similar future clinical scenarios. DESIGN Educational process variables were prospectively collected for 47 consecutive cases reviewed over a 16-week period at a single institution's surgical M&M conference. General surgery residents completed self-reporting surveys rating the educational value of cases and impact on confidence in managing similar future clinical situations. Univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were calculated to study the relationship between various process variables and perceived educational and confidence values surveyed by residents. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS General surgery residents PGY1 to PGY5. RESULTS Increased perceived educational value was associated with increased confidence (p < 0.001). Perceived educational value was increased with more questioning of the audience, increasing explanations of cases, use of slides, increase in number of questions directed to attendings, use of radiologic images, the more junior the resident surveyed, and when teaching points were made specifically for the medical students in attendance. (p < 0.05) Level of confidence was increased with increased questioning to the audience, increased explanations, increased questioning of the attendings, and more junior the resident surveyed. Increased questioning of presenter did not increase perceived educational value or resident perceived confidence value. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that audience interaction, not directed questioning of the presenter, may improve surgical resident perceived educational value and confidence in managing problems discussed at M&M. These data suggest that M&M moderators can play a central role in maximizing audience interaction and improve the educational value of this important conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Prince
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Watson AR, Lee K, Billiar T, Luketich J. Interactive multi-site video teleconferencing as a means to increase surgical resident and staff participation at core teaching conferences. J Am Coll Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.06.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mardis ER, Watson AR. Advances in Genome Biology and Technology: 8th Annual Meeting. Expert Rev Proteomics 2007. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To report the long term follow up of children with antenatally detected unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) with documentation of complications, involution rate with time, and renal function at 10 years. METHODS Data were retrieved from a prospective regional registry of patients with MCDK between 1985 and 2004. Children were followed using a common protocol of investigation with follow up ultrasound scans (USS) at 2 (165 patients), 5 (117 patients), and 10 years (43 patients). RESULTS Serial USS showed that 33% of the MCDK kidneys had completely involuted at 2 years of age, 47% at 5 years, and 59% at 10 years. No patients developed hypertension, significant proteinuria, or malignancy, but two developed pelviureteric junction obstruction in the contralateral kidney. Twenty seven of 143 children (19%) had vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (96% mild to moderate VUR) into the contralateral kidney with no difference in the incidence of urinary tract infections or renal scarring between those with or without VUR. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 86.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (range 48-125) in 31 of 43 patients followed to 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Conservative management of unilateral MCDK is justified with clinical review and infrequent USS but longer term follow up continues in the 41% still with renal remnants at 10 years and those with impaired GFR. It is suggested that the initial micturating cystogram is deferred unless abnormal USS features are present in the contralateral kidney or ureter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aslam
- Children & Young People's Kidney Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
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Lord JL, Cottam DR, Dallal RM, Mattar SG, Watson AR, Glasscock JM, Ramanathan R, Eid GM, Schauer PR. The impact of laparoscopic bariatric workshops on the practice patterns of surgeons. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:929-33. [PMID: 16738985 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the impact of a 2-day laparoscopic bariatric workshop on the practice patterns of participating surgeons. METHODS From October 1998 to June 2002, 18 laparoscopic bariatric workshops were attended by 300 surgeons. Questionnaires were mailed to all participants. RESULTS Responses were received from 124 surgeons (41%), among whom were 56 bariatric surgeons (open) (45%), 30 advanced laparoscopic surgeons (24%), and 38 surgeons who performed neither bariatric nor advanced laparoscopic surgery (31%). The questionnaire responses showed that 46 surgeons (37%) currently are performing laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB), 38 (31%) are performing open gastric bypass, and 39 (32%) are not performing bariatric surgery. Since completion of the course, 46 surgeons have performed 8,893 LGBs (mean, 193 cases/surgeon). Overall, 87 of the surgeons (70%) thought that a limited preceptorship was necessary before performance of LGB, yet only 25% underwent this additional training. According to a poll, the respondents thought that, on the average, 50 cases (range, 10-150 cases) are needed for a claim of proficiency. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic bariatric workshops are effective educational tools for surgeons wishing to adopt bariatric surgery. Open bariatric surgeons have the highest rates of adopting laparoscopic techniques and tend to participate in more adjunctive training before performing LGB. There was consensus that the learning curve is steep, and that additional training often is necessary. The authors propose a mechanism for post-residency skill acquisition for advanced laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Lord
- Sacred Heart Institute for Surgical Weight Loss, Pensacola, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Using orthogonal (plane strain) machining theory together with certain simplifying assumptions based on experimental observations it is shown how the three components of cutting force in oblique machining can be predicted from a knowledge of the work material flow stress and thermal properties and the cutting conditions. A comparison of predicted and experimental cutting force results is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C I Lin
- School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Mathew
- School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - P L B Oxley
- School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - A R Watson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Royal Military College, Duntroon, ACT, Australia
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Abstract
Ethical considerations have long been a part of clinical decision making. However, just as doctors and healthcare professionals are being increasingly challenged about the evidence base for their practice, there is increasing focus on the ethical dimension of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watson
- Children & Young People's Kidney Unit, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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Dallal RM, Mattar SG, Lord JL, Watson AR, Cottam DR, Eid GM, Hamad G, Rabinovitz M, Schauer PR. Results of laparoscopic gastric bypass in patients with cirrhosis. Obes Surg 2004; 14:47-53. [PMID: 14980033 DOI: 10.1381/096089204772787284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis has not been well studied. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of patients with cirrhosis who underwent weight-loss surgery at a single institution. RESULTS Out of a total of 2119 patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), 30 patients (1.4%) with cirrhosis were identified. When compared with the entire cohort, patients with cirrhosis were significantly more prone to be heavier (BMI 53 vs 48), older in years (age 50 vs 45), more likely to be male (RR=1.3), and have a higher incidence of diabetes (70% vs 21%) and hypertension (67% vs 21%), P<0.05. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made intra-operatively in 90% of patients. There were no perioperative deaths, conversions to laparotomy, or liver-related complications. Early complications occurred in 9 patients and included anastomotic leak (1), acute tubular necrosis (4), prolonged intubation (2), ileus (1), and blood transfusion (2). Mean length of hospital stay was 4 days (2-18). There was one late unrelated death and one patient with prolonged nausea and protein malnutrition. The average follow-up time was 16 months (1-48). For patients >12 months postoperatively (n=15), the average percent excess weight loss was 63+/-15%. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic RYGBP in the cirrhotic patient has an acceptable complication rate and achieves satisfactory early weight loss. Patients tend to be heavier, older, male and more likely to have diabetes and hypertension. Long-term studies are necessary to examine how weight loss impacts established cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey M Dallal
- The University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15231, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watson
- Children & Young People's Kidney Unit, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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Abstract
Non-invasive urine volume measurement is an important tool in the management of dysfunctional and neuropathic bladders in children. Ultrasound imaging devices have been used for many years for this purpose. An automated scanner (Bladderscan) is now available and has been recommended by a number of authors, but there is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding the accuracy and appropriate clinical application of the device. We aimed to assess the level of clinical agreement between the two methods. 36 urine volume measurements were made on 11 children using both instruments. Although there was a good correlation between the methods (r=0.97), the clinical agreement was poor (limits of agreement +/-77 ml). 13 voided volumes were directly measured and compared with the difference between pre- and post-void ultrasound measurements. The systematic errors were small but the mean absolute errors were 54 ml and 23 ml, respectively, for the automated and ultrasound imaging methods. If used correctly, ultrasound imaging provides more accurate results and can compete with the cost, convenience and ease of use of the automated method. Low cost, highly portable ultrasound imaging devices are now available and should be used in preference to the Bladderscan.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Dudley
- Department of Medical Physics, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Filler G, Trompeter R, Webb NJA, Watson AR, Milford DV, Tyden G, Grenda R, Janda J, Hughes D, Offner G, Klare B, Zacchello G, Brekke IB, McGraw M, Perner F, Ghio L, Balzar E, Friman S, Gusmano R, Stolpe J. One-year glomerular filtration rate predicts graft survival in pediatric renal recipients: a randomized trial of tacrolimus vs cyclosporine microemulsion. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1935-8. [PMID: 12176634 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Filler
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Watson AR, Gartland C. Guidelines by an Ad Hoc European Committee for Elective Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis in Pediatric Patients. Perit Dial Int 2001; 21:240-4. [PMID: 11475338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A R Watson
- Children & Young People's Kidney Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, United Kingdom.
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Davies BW, Watson AR, Coleman JE, Rance CH. Do gastrostomies close spontaneously? A review of the fate of gastrostomies following successful renal transplantation in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2001; 17:326-8. [PMID: 11409172 DOI: 10.1007/s003830000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous published data have shown the benefit of nutritional support delivered via a gastrostomy button (GB) for children on chronic dialysis. The use of the GB is suspended following renal transplantation (RT) in most children and it is usually removed 2-3 months later together with the chronic dialysis catheter when the child is on alternate-day steroids. We reviewed the outcome of gastrostomies following successful RT in children. The gastrostomies were created by an open technique (Stamm) with the child under general anaesthesia, usually at the time of insertion of a chronic dialysis catheter. Growth data and complications of the GB were collected in a prospective registry. Following RT, the GB was removed with the expectation that the tract would close spontaneously. Those in whom a gastrocutaneous fistula persisted underwent formal surgical closure. A total of 18 children have had gastrostomy buttons removed: 11 gastrostomies (61%) closed spontaneously, but 7 (39%) required operative closure at a median of 2 months (range 3 weeks-4 years) post-removal. The need for formal closure was significantly related to the duration that the gastrostomy had been in situ pre-transplant (non-parametric statistics, 0.05 > p > 0.01). Although nearly two-thirds of gastrostomies in this study closed spontaneously following RT, less than one-half of those that had been in situ for more than 1 year did so. We thus recommend formal closure of all gastrostomies that have been in situ for more than 1 year. This can be done at the same operation as the removal of the chronic dialysis catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Davies
- Department of Paediatric Urology and Nephrology, Nottingham City Hospital N.H.S. Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Szeremeta M, Dawson J, Manning D, Watson AR, Wright MM, Notcutt W, Lancaster R. Snapshots of five clinical ethics committees in the UK. J Med Ethics 2001; 27 Suppl 1:i9-i17. [PMID: 11314616 PMCID: PMC1765533 DOI: 10.1136/jme.27.suppl_1.i9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Each of the following papers gives an account of a different UK clinical ethics committee. The committees vary in the length of time they have been established, and also in the main focus of their work. The accounts discuss the development of the committees and some of the ethical problems that have been brought to them. The issues raised will be relevant for other National Health Service (NHS) trusts in the UK that wish to set up such a committee.
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Singh SJ, Watson AR, Somers J, Broderick N, Rance CH. Congenital midureteric stricture. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2001; 12:9-13. [PMID: 18209354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital midureteric obstruction is a rare entity which can be caused by either ureteric valves or strictures. We report our experience with four patients with midureteric obstruction due to stricture over a six-year period. The condition needs to be differentiated from obstruction of the pelviureteric and vesicoureteric junctions. Obstruction can be initially screened by ultrasound and confirmed by a radionuclide scan with furosemide challenge. Retrograde ureteropyelography and/or intravenous urography may be required to define the level of the stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Singh
- Department of Nephrology, City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Practical joint medical/dietetic guidelines are required for children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Nutritional status and growth were compared in 95 children (59 male) > 2 years age with CRI, grouped following [51Cr]-labelled EDTA glomerular filtration rate (GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2) estimations into 'normal' kidney function [GFR > 75 (mean 104 (SD 18.9), n = 35], mild (GFR 51-75, n = 23), moderate (GFR 25-50, n = 19) and severe CRI (GFR < 25, n = 18). Anthropometry [weight (wt.), height (ht.), and body mass index (BMI)], laboratory investigations and a 3-day dietary record were obtained. All anthropometric indices deteriorated with worsening renal function, from mean SD scores for wt., ht. and BMI in 'normal' children of 0.32 (SD 1.2), 0.4 (SD 1.0) and 0.1 (SD 1.3), respectively, to values of -1.28 (SD 1.1; P < 0.001), -1.52 (SD 1.1; P < 0.001) and -0.42 (SD 1.1; NS) in severe CRI. Mean total energy intake decreased from 103% (SD 17) estimated average requirement (EAR) in 'normal' children to 85% EAR (SD 27; P = 0.004) in severe CRI. Mean serum PTH concentrations (normal laboratory range 12-72 ng/l) were higher in moderate [67 ng/l (SD 58), P < 0.001] and severe CRI [164 ng/l (SD 164), P < 0.001] and mean serum phosphate concentrations were higher in severe CRI (1.54 mmol/l (SD 0.17), P = 0.009) compared to 'normal'. Disturbances in nutritional intakes, bone biochemistry and growth occur early in CRI and suggest the need for joint medical/dietetic intervention in children with mild and moderate CRI, in addition to those with more severe CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nottingham City Hospital, NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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Abstract
Poor growth in children with cystinosis may be a combination of sub-optimal nutritional intake, gastrointestinal dysfunction and polypharmacy. We report our experience with gastrostomy buttons (GBs) in five children (4 male) with cystinosis treated at a median age of 3 years (range 1.4-8.8 years). All children received overnight GB feeding for a mean duration of 27 months (range 7-42 months). During 135 patient-months of observation, the mean life of the GB was 5.7 months (range 3-7.7 months), with a mean of 3.4 GB changes (range 1-6) per patient. An average of five (range 3-7) medications were administered daily via the button. The mean energy intake achieved was 118% of the estimated average requirement (range 86%-183%), with 58% of total energy and 55% of protein intake being delivered via the GB during the study period. Mean height standard deviation score (SDS) was -3.79 at the start of GB feeding and -3.08 at the end of the study period, with mean weight SDS of -3.79 and -2.17 (P=0.042), respectively. The buttons have been welcomed by the families and should be considered as a treatment option for providing the nutritional prescription and administering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Coleman
- Children and Young People's Kidney Unit, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, UK.
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Abstract
Controversy exists as to what is the optimal management of antenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK): conservative or operative. We report 70 (31M, 39F) children with unilateral MCDK in whom the initial micturating cystourethrography revealed vesicoureteric reflux into the contralateral kidney in 16/63 (25%). Involution of the MCDK kidney was noted at birth in 4 and occurred by 2 y of age in 11/46 (24%), with 16/46 (35%) showing a significant reduction in size. Of 21 children followed to 5 y, the MCDK had disappeared in 3 (14%) and 8 (38%) had shown a further reduction in size. No child has developed hypertension or proteinuria. Four children had urinary tract infections with lower tract symptoms, but no scarring of the normal hypertrophied kidney. We conclude that conservative management of unilateral MCDK is justified with long-term follow-up consisting of annual clinical review and ultrasound evaluation at 2, 5 and 10 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sukthankar
- Children and Young People's Kidney Unit, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
Adolescents and young adults appear to be a particularly high-risk group for problems of non-compliance and associated graft loss. We reviewed the progress of 20 young adults (9 female) who had been transferred to three different adult centres at a mean age of 17.9 years (range 15.7-20.9 years) having been transplanted at a mean age of 14.3 years (range 9.6-18.1 years) in the paediatric unit. Eight transplants failed within 36 months of transfer, and in 7 of 20 (35%) the transplant failure was unexpected (3 < 12 months, 3 12-24 months, 1 31 months post transfer). Although many of the patients had recognised problems in family dynamics, only 1 had had a major rejection episode prior to transfer due to admitted non-compliance. In 3 others low cyclosporin levels had been noted. Two young men had been transplanted preemptively in the paediatric unit at 15.3 and 16.7 years, and 3 patients had been transferred to the adult unit via the recently established transition clinic. The results suggest that close attention needs to be paid to this group of patients who require ongoing education and support. Improved dialogue between staff of the paediatric and adult units about transition issues is also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watson
- Children and Young People's Kidney Unit, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
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Coleman JE, Watson AR. Growth posttransplantation in children previously treated with chronic dialysis and gastrostomy feeding. Adv Perit Dial 2000; 14:269-73. [PMID: 10649739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nasogastric and gastrostomy feeding are beneficial in providing nutritional support to children on chronic dialysis, but concerns have been raised about transfer to exclusive oral nutrition postrenal transplantation (TX). The present study reports the growth data and feeding outcomes in 14 children (9 male) who received combined dialysis [continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD): n = 12; hemodialysis (HD): n = 2] and gastrostomy button (GB) feeding for a mean duration of 15.6 months, and who were transplanted at a mean age of 5.4 years. In 12 patients GB feeding was discontinued shortly after TX, and in 2 it was maintained for 3 and 8 months, respectively. No infective episodes were attributable to the GB post-TX, and the buttons were usually removed within 3 months with the dialysis catheter. The mean height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) were -2.44 and -2.29, respectively, prior to dialysis and GB feeding; -2.19 and -1.22, respectively, prior to TX; and had improved to -1.6 and -0.79, respectively, 12 months post-TX. The mean percentage weight-for-height at the time of TX was 105% (range: 86%-128%), and was unchanged 1 year post-TX. We conclude that GB feeding in this group of children resulted in few complications or feeding problems post-TX. The use of GB feeding without growth hormone maintained growth parameters in most children while on dialysis, and a significant improvement in growth occurred after the renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Coleman
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Watson AR. Partnership with patients. Teamwork is necessary. BMJ 2000; 320:118. [PMID: 10671049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Small G, Watson AR, Evans JH, Gallagher J. Hemolytic uremic syndrome: defining the need for long-term follow-up. Clin Nephrol 1999; 52:352-6. [PMID: 10604642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea-associated (D+) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a common cause of acute renal failure in children. Progressive renal insufficiency has been documented on prolonged follow-up of selected patients. However, it is uncertain whether all children recovering from varying degrees of HUS require long-term follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the outcome of 114 patients with D+ HUS presenting to a regional pediatric unit between January 1986 and December 1996. Yearly clinical review post illness included measurement of blood pressure and urinalysis for proteinuria with planned GFR assessments by 51Cr EDTA slope clearance at 1 and 5 years. RESULTS Treatment of the HUS was conservative in 27%, by peritoneal dialysis in 62%, hemodialysis in 4% and both peritoneal and hemodialysis in 7%. Ninety-two patients were assessed at 1 year - of these, 1 remained on chronic peritoneal dialysis, 5 (5%) had moderate to severe chronic renal failure (CRF) (GFR 25 - 50 ml/min/1.73 m2), 20 (22%) had mild CRF (GFR 50-80) and 66 (72%) had normal renal function (> or =80 ml/min/1.73 m2). Forty patients have had GFRs performed at 1 and 5 years. Of the 28 patients with a normal GFR at 1 year, 3 deteriorated into mild CRF at 5 years. One patient has a single kidney and one had significant proteinuria at 1 year, factors which would have led to long-term follow-up. There was a negative correlation between number of days of dialysis and GFR at 1 year with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of -0.453 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION We conclude that renal function at I year following HUS cannot be predicted with any certainty from the initial illness and should be formally assessed. However, renal function was within normal limits and remained stable between 1 and 5 years following HUS in most children. The results suggest that longer-term follow-up can probably be restricted to those with proteinuria, hypertension, abnormal ultrasound and/or impaired GFR at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Small
- Children and Young People's Renal Unit, City Hospital, NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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