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Aslam S, Roach D, Nikolich MP, Biswas B, Schooley RT, Lilly-Bishop KA, Rice GK, Cer RZ, Hamilton T, Henry M, Luong T, Salabarria AC, Sisk-Hackworth L, Filippov AA, Lebreton F, Hall L, Nir-Paz R, Onallah H, Livni G, Shostak E, Wieder-Finesod A, Yahav D, Yerushalmy O, Alkalay-Oren S, Braunstein R, Khalifa L, Rimon A, Gelman D, Hazan R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventricular assist device infections: findings from ineffective phage therapies in five cases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0172823. [PMID: 38470133 PMCID: PMC10989018 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01728-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are increasingly used for management of heart failure; infection remains a frequent complication. Phage therapy has been successful in a variety of antibiotic refractory infections and is of interest in treating LVAD infections. We performed a retrospective review of four patients that underwent five separate courses of intravenous (IV) phage therapy with concomitant antibiotic for treatment of endovascular Pseudomonas aeruginosa LVAD infection. We assessed phage susceptibility, bacterial strain sequencing, serum neutralization, biofilm activity, and shelf-life of phage preparations. Five treatments of one to four wild-type virulent phage(s) were administered for 14-51 days after informed consent and regulatory approval. There was no successful outcome. Breakthrough bacteremia occurred in four of five treatments. Two patients died from the underlying infection. We noted a variable decline in phage susceptibility following three of five treatments, four of four tested developed serum neutralization, and prophage presence was confirmed in isolates of two tested patients. Two phage preparations showed an initial titer drop. Phage biofilm activity was confirmed in two. Phage susceptibility alone was not predictive of clinical efficacy in P. aeruginosa endovascular LVAD infection. IV phage was associated with serum neutralization in most cases though lack of clinical effect may be multifactorial including presence of multiple bacterial isolates with varying phage susceptibility, presence of prophages, decline in phage titers, and possible lack of biofilm activity. Breakthrough bacteremia occurred frequently (while the organism remained susceptible to administered phage) and is an important safety consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health and the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dwayne Roach
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Biswajit Biswas
- Naval Medical Research Command – Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health and the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Gregory K. Rice
- Naval Medical Research Command – Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- Leidos, Inc, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Naval Medical Research Command – Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Theron Hamilton
- Naval Medical Research Command – Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Henry
- Naval Medical Research Command – Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Francois Lebreton
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey Hall
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ran Nir-Paz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadil Onallah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilat Livni
- Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Eran Shostak
- Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Anat Wieder-Finesod
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Yerushalmy
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivan Alkalay-Oren
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Braunstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leron Khalifa
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Rimon
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Gelman
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Hazan
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Burke KA, Urick CD, Mzhavia N, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Correlation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage Resistance with the Numbers and Types of Antiphage Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1424. [PMID: 38338703 PMCID: PMC10855318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage therapeutics offer a potentially powerful approach for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, to be effective, phage therapy must overcome existing and developing phage resistance. While phage cocktails can reduce this risk by targeting multiple receptors in a single therapeutic, bacteria have mechanisms of resistance beyond receptor modification. A rapidly growing body of knowledge describes a broad and varied arsenal of antiphage systems encoded by bacteria to counter phage infection. We sought to understand the types and frequencies of antiphage systems present in a highly diverse panel of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates utilized to characterize novel antibacterials. Using the web-server tool PADLOC (prokaryotic antiviral defense locator), putative antiphage systems were identified in these P. aeruginosa clinical isolates based on sequence homology to a validated and curated catalog of known defense systems. Coupling this host bacterium sequence analysis with host range data for 70 phages, we observed a correlation between existing phage resistance and the presence of higher numbers of antiphage systems in bacterial genomes. We were also able to identify antiphage systems that were more prevalent in highly phage-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, suggesting their importance in conferring resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.D.U.); (N.M.); (M.P.N.)
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3
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Bird JT, Burke KA, Urick CD, Braverman JL, Mzhavia N, Ellison DW, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Genome sequence of the Klebsiella quasipneumoniae bacteriophage EKq1 with activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0095423. [PMID: 38032190 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00954-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the genome of a lytic phage EKq1 isolated on Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, with activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. EKq1 is an unclassified representative of the class Caudoviricetes, similar to Klebsiella phages VLCpiS8c, phiKp_7-2, and vB_KleS-HSE3. The 48,244-bp genome has a GC content of 56.43% and 63 predicted protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas , Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kevin A Burke
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin D Urick
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie L Braverman
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nino Mzhavia
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikeljon P Nikolich
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrey A Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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4
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Parmar K, Komarow L, Ellison DW, Filippov AA, Nikolich MP, Fackler JR, Lee M, Nair A, Agrawal P, Tamma PD, Souli M, Evans SR, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Cunningham SA, Patel R. Interlaboratory comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage susceptibility testing. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0061423. [PMID: 37962552 PMCID: PMC10729752 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00614-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Standardized approaches to phage susceptibility testing (PST) are essential to inform selection of phages for study in patients with bacterial infections. There is no reference standard for assessing bacterial susceptibility to phage. We compared agreement between PST performed at three centers: two centers using a liquid assay standardized between the sites with the third, a plaque assay. Four Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages: PaWRA01ø11 (EPa11), PaWRA01ø39 (EPa39), PaWRA02ø83 (EPa83), PaWRA02ø87 (EPa87), and a cocktail of all four phages were tested against 145 P. aeruginosa isolates. Comparisons were made within measurements at the two sites performing the liquid assay and between these two sites. Agreement was assessed based on coverage probability (CP8), total deviation index, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), measurement accuracy, and precision. For the liquid assay, there was satisfactory agreement among triplicate measurements made on different days at site 1, and high agreement based on accuracy and precision between duplicate measurements made on the same run at site 2. There was fair accuracy between measurements of the two sites performing the liquid assay, with CCCs below 0.6 for all phages tested. When compared to the plaque assay (performed once at site 3), there was less agreement between results of the liquid and plaque assays than between the two sites performing the liquid assay. Similar findings to the larger group were noted in the subset of 46 P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis. Results of this study suggest that reproducibility of PST methods needs further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Parmar
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lauren Komarow
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Damon W. Ellison
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Martin Lee
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjna Nair
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Priyesh Agrawal
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Pranita D. Tamma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Souli
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott R. Evans
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott A. Cunningham
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Green SI, Clark JR, Santos HH, Weesner KE, Salazar KC, Aslam S, Campbell JW, Doernberg SB, Blodget E, Morris MI, Suh GA, Obeid K, Silveira FP, Filippov AA, Whiteson KL, Trautner BW, Terwilliger AL, Maresso A. A Retrospective, Observational Study of 12 Cases of Expanded-Access Customized Phage Therapy: Production, Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1079-1091. [PMID: 37279523 PMCID: PMC10573729 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is undermining modern medicine, a problem compounded by bacterial adaptation to antibiotic pressures. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria. Their diversity and evolvability offer the prospect of their use as a therapeutic solution. Reported are outcomes of customized phage therapy for patients with difficult-to-treat antimicrobial resistant infections. METHODS We retrospectively assessed 12 cases of customized phage therapy from a phage production center. Phages were screened, purified, sequenced, characterized, and Food and Drug Administration-approved via the IND (investigational new drug) compassionate-care route. Outcomes were assessed as favorable or unfavorable by microbiologic and clinical standards. Infections were device-related or systemic. Other experiences such as time to treatment, antibiotic synergy, and immune responses were recorded. RESULTS Fifty requests for phage therapy were received. Customized phages were generated for 12 patients. After treatment, 42% (5/12) of cases showed bacterial eradication and 58% (7/12) showed clinical improvement, with two-thirds of all cases (66%) showing favorable responses. No major adverse reactions were observed. Antibiotic-phage synergy in vitro was observed in most cases. Immunological neutralization of phages was reported in 5 cases. Several cases were complicated by secondary infections. Complete characterization of the phages (morphology, genomics, and activity) and their production (methods, sterility, and endotoxin tests) are reported. CONCLUSIONS Customized phage production and therapy was safe and yielded favorable clinical or microbiological outcomes in two-thirds of cases. A center or pipeline dedicated to tailoring the phages against a patient's specific AMR bacterial infection may be a viable option where standard treatment has failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina I Green
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justin R Clark
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haroldo H Santos
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle E Weesner
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keiko C Salazar
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - J William Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah B Doernberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Blodget
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michele I Morris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karam Obeid
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fernanda P Silveira
- Division of Infection Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrey A Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Barbara W Trautner
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Austen L Terwilliger
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony Maresso
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Margulieux KR, Bird JT, Kevorkian RT, Ellison DW, Nikolich MP, Mzhavia N, Filippov AA. Complete genome sequence of the broad host range Acinetobacter baumannii phage EAb13. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0034123. [PMID: 37607055 PMCID: PMC10508131 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00341-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the genome of a lytic phage EAb13 isolated from sewage, with broad activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. EAb13 is an unclassified siphovirus. Its genome consists of 82,411 bp, with 40.15% GC content, 126 protein-coding sequences, 1 tRNA, and 2,177 bp-long direct terminal repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R. Margulieux
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan T. Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Richard T. Kevorkian
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Damon W. Ellison
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nino Mzhavia
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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7
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Bird JT, Margulieux KR, Burke KA, Mzhavia N, Kevorkian RT, Ellison DW, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Phage ESa2. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023:e0019223. [PMID: 37338419 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00192-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the genome of a lytic phage, ESa2, isolated from environmental water and specific for Staphylococcus aureus. ESa2 belongs to the family Herelleviridae and genus Kayvirus. Its genome consists of 141,828 bp, with 30.25% GC content, 253 predicted protein-coding sequences, 3 tRNAs, and 10,130-bp-long terminal repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Katie R Margulieux
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin A Burke
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nino Mzhavia
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard T Kevorkian
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikeljon P Nikolich
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrey A Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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8
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Tamma PD, Souli M, Billard M, Campbell J, Conrad D, Ellison DW, Evans B, Evans SR, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Filippov AA, Geres HS, Hamasaki T, Komarow L, Nikolich MP, Lodise TP, Nayak SU, Norice-Tra C, Patel R, Pride D, Russell J, Van Tyne D, Chambers HF, FowlerJr VG, Schooley RT. Safety and microbiological activity of phage therapy in persons with cystic fibrosis colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: study protocol for a phase 1b/2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:1057. [PMID: 36578069 PMCID: PMC9795609 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophages (phages) are a promising anti-infective option for human disease. Major gaps remain in understanding their potential utility. METHODS This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of a single dose of intravenous phage in approximately 72 clinically stable adult cystic fibrosis volunteers recruited from up to 20 US sites with Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway colonization. The single dose of phage consists of a mixture of four anti-pseudomonal phages. Six sentinel participants will be sequentially enrolled with dose escalation of the phage mixture by one log10 beginning with 4 × 107 plaque-forming units in an unblinded stage 1. If no serious adverse events related to the study product are identified, the trial will proceed to a double-blinded stage 2. In stage 2a, 32 participants will be randomly assigned to one of three phage dosages or placebo in a 1:1:1:1 allocation. An interim analysis will be performed to determine the phage dosage with the most favorable safety and microbiological activity profile to inform phage dosing in stage 2b. During stage 2b, up to 32 additional volunteers will be randomized 1:1 to the phage or placebo arm. Primary outcomes include (1) the number of grade 2 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events, (2) change in log10 P. aeruginosa total colony counts in sputum, and (3) the probability of a randomly selected subject having a more favorable outcome ranking if assigned to receive phage therapy versus placebo. Exploratory outcomes include (1) sputum and serum phage pharmacokinetics, (2) the impact of phage on lung function, (3) the proportion of P. aeruginosa isolates susceptible to the phage mixture before and after study product administration, and (4) changes in quality of life. DISCUSSION This trial will investigate the activity of phages in reducing P. aeruginosa colony counts and provide insights into the safety profile of phage therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05453578. Registered on 12 July 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita D. Tamma
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Room 3149, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Maria Souli
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Joseph Campbell
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Douglas Conrad
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Damon W. Ellison
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Beth Evans
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Scott R. Evans
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD USA
| | | | - Andrey A. Filippov
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Holly S. Geres
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Lauren Komarow
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Thomas P. Lodise
- grid.413555.30000 0000 8718 587XDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY USA
| | - Seema U. Nayak
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Carmelle Norice-Tra
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Robin Patel
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XInfectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - David Pride
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Janie Russell
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Henry F. Chambers
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Vance G. FowlerJr
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA ,grid.189509.c0000000100241216Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
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9
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Mencke JL, He Y, Filippov AA, Nikolich MP, Belew AT, Fouts DE, McGann PT, Swierczewski BE, Getnet D, Ellison DW, Margulieux KR. Identification and Characterization of vB_PreP_EPr2, a Lytic Bacteriophage of Pan-Drug Resistant Providencia rettgeri. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040708. [PMID: 35458437 PMCID: PMC9026810 DOI: 10.3390/v14040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Providencia rettgeri is an emerging opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen with reports of increasing antibiotic resistance. Pan-drug resistant (PDR) P. rettgeri infections are a growing concern, demonstrating a need for the development of alternative treatment options which is fueling a renewed interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Here, we identify and characterize phage vB_PreP_EPr2 (EPr2) with lytic activity against PDR P. rettgeri MRSN 845308, a clinical isolate that carries multiple antibiotic resistance genes. EPr2 was isolated from an environmental water sample and belongs to the family Autographiviridae, subfamily Studiervirinae and genus Kayfunavirus, with a genome size of 41,261 base pairs. Additional phenotypic characterization showed an optimal MOI of 1 and a burst size of 12.3 ± 3.4 PFU per bacterium. EPr2 was determined to have a narrow host range against a panel of clinical P. rettgeri strains. Despite this fact, EPr2 is a promising lytic phage with potential for use as an alternative therapeutic for treatment of PDR P. rettgeri infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Mencke
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yunxiu He
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Ashton T. Belew
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Patrick T. McGann
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Brett E. Swierczewski
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Derese Getnet
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Damon W. Ellison
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.E.); (K.R.M.)
| | - Katie R. Margulieux
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.L.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.F.); (M.P.N.); (A.T.B.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.E.); (K.R.M.)
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10
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Engeman E, Freyberger HR, Corey BW, Ward AM, He Y, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA, Tyner SD, Jacobs AC. Synergistic Killing and Re-Sensitization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Antibiotics by Phage-Antibiotic Combination Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030184. [PMID: 33668899 PMCID: PMC7996583 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections pose a serious health threat. Bacteriophage-antibiotic combination therapy is a promising candidate for combating these infections. A 5-phage P. aeruginosa cocktail, PAM2H, was tested in combination with antibiotics (ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem) to determine if PAM2H enhances antibiotic activity. Combination treatment in vitro resulted in a significant increase in susceptibility of MDR strains to antibiotics. Treatment with ceftazidime (CAZ), meropenem, gentamicin, or ciprofloxacin in the presence of the phage increased the number of P. aeruginosa strains susceptible to these antibiotics by 63%, 56%, 31%, and 81%, respectively. Additionally, in a mouse dorsal wound model, seven of eight mice treated with a combination of CAZ and PAM2H for three days had no detectable bacteria remaining in their wounds on day 4, while all mice treated with CAZ or PAM2H alone had ~107 colony forming units (CFU) remaining in their wounds. P. aeruginosa recovered from mouse wounds post-treatment showed decreased virulence in a wax worm model, and DNA sequencing indicated that the combination treatment prevented mutations in genes encoding known phage receptors. Treatment with PAM2H in combination with antibiotics resulted in the re-sensitization of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics in vitro and a synergistic reduction in bacterial burden in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Engeman
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Helen R. Freyberger
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
- ICON plc, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA
| | - Brendan W. Corey
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Amanda M. Ward
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
- ICON plc, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA
| | - Yunxiu He
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
- ICON plc, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
| | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
- ICON plc, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Stuart D. Tyner
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
| | - Anna C. Jacobs
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (E.E.); (H.R.F.); (A.M.W.); (Y.H.); (M.P.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.C.J.)
- ICON plc, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA
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11
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Amosova SV, Filippov AA, Makhaeva NA, Albanov AI, Potapov VA. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of new ensembles of diversely functionalized 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenides by a double rearrangement reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:515-523. [PMID: 32273912 PMCID: PMC7113545 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-thiaselenole with potassium selenocyanate proceeded via a rearrangement with ring expansion, leading to a six-membered 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenin-2-yl selenocyanate (kinetic product) which in turn underwent rearrangement with ring contraction to a 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenocyanate (thermodynamic product). These rearrangements occurred by a nucleophilic attack of the selenocyanate anion at two different carbon atoms of the seleniranium intermediate. The efficient regioselective synthesis of alkyl, allyl, 2-propynyl, benzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, and 2-pyridinylmethyl 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenides was developed based on the generation of sodium 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethylselenolate from 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenocyanate or bis(1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl) diselenide followed by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Sodium 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethylselenolate underwent nucleophilic addition to alkyl propiolates in a regio- and stereoselective manner affording 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl vinyl selenides in high yields predominantly with Z-configuration. Not a single representative of the 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenide scaffold has been previously described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Amosova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SD RAS, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Filippov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SD RAS, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya A Makhaeva
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SD RAS, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Albanov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SD RAS, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Potapov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SD RAS, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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12
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Golovanova IL, Filippov AA, Bolotovskiĭ AA, Levin BA. [Characterization of the intestinal digestive glycosidases in plankton- and benthos-feeding species of the fish genus Ballerus (Cyprinidae)]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 2015; 51:17-20. [PMID: 25859601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The activity of hydrolases (maltase, saccharase, amylolytic activity) in the intestinal mucosa of the plankton-feeding zope Ballerus ballerus and the benthos-feeding white-eye bream Ballerus sapa was investigated. The temperature characteristics of maltase hydrolysis (T(opt) and E(act)) are similar in both species. The lower K(m) of maltase hydrolysis in the white-eye bream reflects a higher enzyme/substrate affinity and indicates a more effective carbohydrate hydrolysis in the benthos-versus plankton-feeding species. The glycosidase activity in the white-eye bream is twice as high as in the zope. This may be due not only to different feeding spectra and biochemical food contents but also to the differences in thyroid status of species under consideration.
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Abstract
The spread of natural or weaponized drug-resistant plague among humans is a credible high consequence threat to public health that demands the prompt introduction of alternatives to antibiotics such as bacteriophage. Early attempts to treat plague with phages in the 1920s–1930s were sometimes promising but mostly failed, purportedly due to insufficient knowledge of phage biology and poor experimental design. We recently reported the striking stability of plague diagnostic bacteriophages, their safety for animal use, propagation in vivo and partial protection of mice from deadly plague after a single injection of phage. In this addendum we reflect on that article, other recent publications and our unpublished data, and discuss the prospects of phage therapy against plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Filippov
- Bacterial Diseases Branch; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring, MD USA
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14
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Farlow J, Filippov AA, Sergueev KV, Hang J, Kotorashvili A, Nikolich MP. Comparative whole genome analysis of six diagnostic brucellaphages. Gene 2014; 541:115-22. [PMID: 24530704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing of six diagnostic brucellaphages, Tbilisi (Tb), Firenze (Fz), Weybridge (Wb), S708, Berkeley (Bk) and R/C, was followed with genomic comparisons including recently described genomes of the Tb phage from Mexico (TbM) and Pr phage to elucidate genomic diversity and candidate host range determinants. Comparative whole genome analysis revealed high sequence homogeneity among these brucellaphage genomes and resolved three genetic groups consistent with defined host range phenotypes. Group I was composed of Tb and Fz phages that are predominantly lytic for Brucella abortus and Brucella neotomae; Group II included Bk, R/C, and Pr phages that are lytic mainly for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis; Group III was composed of Wb and S708 phages that are lytic for B. suis, B. abortus and B. neotomae. We found that the putative phage collar protein is a variable locus with features that may be contributing to the host specificities exhibited by different brucellaphage groups. The presence of several candidate host range determinants is illustrated herein for future dissection of the differential host specificity observed among these phages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey A Filippov
- Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kirill V Sergueev
- Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Adam Kotorashvili
- Richard G. Lugar Center for Public Health Research, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mikeljon P Nikolich
- Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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15
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16
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Sergueev KV, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Field and clinical applications of advanced bacteriophage-based detection of Yersinia pestis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 954:135-41. [PMID: 22782756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Sergueev
- Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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Filippov AA, Sergueev KV, He Y, Huang XZ, Gnade BT, Mueller AJ, Fernandez-Prada CM, Nikolich MP. Bacteriophage therapy of experimental bubonic plague in mice. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 954:337-48. [PMID: 22782780 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Filippov
- Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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18
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Filippov AA, Sergueev KV, He Y, Huang XZ, Gnade BT, Mueller AJ, Fernandez-Prada CM, Nikolich MP. Bacteriophage-resistant mutants in Yersinia pestis: identification of phage receptors and attenuation for mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25486. [PMID: 21980477 PMCID: PMC3182234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteriophages specific for Yersinia pestis are routinely used for plague diagnostics and could be an alternative to antibiotics in case of drug-resistant plague. A major concern of bacteriophage therapy is the emergence of phage-resistant mutants. The use of phage cocktails can overcome this problem but only if the phages exploit different receptors. Some phage-resistant mutants lose virulence and therefore should not complicate bacteriophage therapy. Methodology/Principal Findings The purpose of this work was to identify Y. pestis phage receptors using site-directed mutagenesis and trans-complementation and to determine potential attenuation of phage-resistant mutants for mice. Six receptors for eight phages were found in different parts of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inner and outer core. The receptor for R phage was localized beyond the LPS core. Most spontaneous and defined phage-resistant mutants of Y. pestis were attenuated, showing increase in LD50 and time to death. The loss of different LPS core biosynthesis enzymes resulted in the reduction of Y. pestis virulence and there was a correlation between the degree of core truncation and the impact on virulence. The yrbH and waaA mutants completely lost their virulence. Conclusions/Significance We identified Y. pestis receptors for eight bacteriophages. Nine phages together use at least seven different Y. pestis receptors that makes some of them promising for formulation of plague therapeutic cocktails. Most phage-resistant Y. pestis mutants become attenuated and thus should not pose a serious problem for bacteriophage therapy of plague. LPS is a critical virulence factor of Y. pestis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Filippov
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.
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Sergueev KV, He Y, Borschel RH, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Rapid and sensitive detection of Yersinia pestis using amplification of plague diagnostic bacteriophages monitored by real-time PCR. PLoS One 2010. [PMID: 20596528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011337; 10.1371/journal.pone.0011337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, has caused many millions of human deaths and still poses a serious threat to global public health. Timely and reliable detection of such a dangerous pathogen is of critical importance. Lysis by specific bacteriophages remains an essential method of Y. pestis detection and plague diagnostics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The objective of this work was to develop an alternative to conventional phage lysis tests--a rapid and highly sensitive method of indirect detection of live Y. pestis cells based on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) monitoring of amplification of reporter Y. pestis-specific bacteriophages. Plague diagnostic phages phiA1122 and L-413C were shown to be highly effective diagnostic tools for the detection and identification of Y. pestis by using qPCR with primers specific for phage DNA. The template DNA extraction step that usually precedes qPCR was omitted. phiA1122-specific qPCR enabled the detection of an initial bacterial concentration of 10(3) CFU/ml (equivalent to as few as one Y. pestis cell per 1-microl sample) in four hours. L-413C-mediated detection of Y. pestis was less sensitive (up to 100 bacteria per sample) but more specific, and thus we propose parallel qPCR for the two phages as a rapid and reliable method of Y. pestis identification. Importantly, phiA1122 propagated in simulated clinical blood specimens containing EDTA and its titer rise was detected by both a standard plating test and qPCR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, we developed a novel assay for detection and identification of Y. pestis using amplification of specific phages monitored by qPCR. The method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific and allows the detection of only live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Sergueev
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.
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20
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Sergueev KV, He Y, Borschel RH, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Rapid and sensitive detection of Yersinia pestis using amplification of plague diagnostic bacteriophages monitored by real-time PCR. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11337. [PMID: 20596528 PMCID: PMC2893161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, has caused many millions of human deaths and still poses a serious threat to global public health. Timely and reliable detection of such a dangerous pathogen is of critical importance. Lysis by specific bacteriophages remains an essential method of Y. pestis detection and plague diagnostics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The objective of this work was to develop an alternative to conventional phage lysis tests--a rapid and highly sensitive method of indirect detection of live Y. pestis cells based on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) monitoring of amplification of reporter Y. pestis-specific bacteriophages. Plague diagnostic phages phiA1122 and L-413C were shown to be highly effective diagnostic tools for the detection and identification of Y. pestis by using qPCR with primers specific for phage DNA. The template DNA extraction step that usually precedes qPCR was omitted. phiA1122-specific qPCR enabled the detection of an initial bacterial concentration of 10(3) CFU/ml (equivalent to as few as one Y. pestis cell per 1-microl sample) in four hours. L-413C-mediated detection of Y. pestis was less sensitive (up to 100 bacteria per sample) but more specific, and thus we propose parallel qPCR for the two phages as a rapid and reliable method of Y. pestis identification. Importantly, phiA1122 propagated in simulated clinical blood specimens containing EDTA and its titer rise was detected by both a standard plating test and qPCR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, we developed a novel assay for detection and identification of Y. pestis using amplification of specific phages monitored by qPCR. The method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific and allows the detection of only live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Sergueev
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yunxiu He
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Borschel
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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21
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Sergueev KV, He Y, Borschel RH, Nikolich MP, Filippov AA. Rapid and sensitive detection of Yersinia pestis using amplification of plague diagnostic bacteriophages monitored by real-time PCR. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11337. [PMID: 20596528 PMCID: PMC2893161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011337;+10.1371/journal.pone.0011337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, has caused many millions of human deaths and still poses a serious threat to global public health. Timely and reliable detection of such a dangerous pathogen is of critical importance. Lysis by specific bacteriophages remains an essential method of Y. pestis detection and plague diagnostics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The objective of this work was to develop an alternative to conventional phage lysis tests--a rapid and highly sensitive method of indirect detection of live Y. pestis cells based on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) monitoring of amplification of reporter Y. pestis-specific bacteriophages. Plague diagnostic phages phiA1122 and L-413C were shown to be highly effective diagnostic tools for the detection and identification of Y. pestis by using qPCR with primers specific for phage DNA. The template DNA extraction step that usually precedes qPCR was omitted. phiA1122-specific qPCR enabled the detection of an initial bacterial concentration of 10(3) CFU/ml (equivalent to as few as one Y. pestis cell per 1-microl sample) in four hours. L-413C-mediated detection of Y. pestis was less sensitive (up to 100 bacteria per sample) but more specific, and thus we propose parallel qPCR for the two phages as a rapid and reliable method of Y. pestis identification. Importantly, phiA1122 propagated in simulated clinical blood specimens containing EDTA and its titer rise was detected by both a standard plating test and qPCR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, we developed a novel assay for detection and identification of Y. pestis using amplification of specific phages monitored by qPCR. The method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific and allows the detection of only live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Sergueev
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KVS); (AAF)
| | - Yunxiu He
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Borschel
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrey A. Filippov
- Division of Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases, Department of Emerging Bacterial Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KVS); (AAF)
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Garcia E, Chain P, Elliott JM, Bobrov AG, Motin VL, Kirillina O, Lao V, Calendar R, Filippov AA. Molecular characterization of L-413C, a P2-related plague diagnostic bacteriophage. Virology 2007; 372:85-96. [PMID: 18045639 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our analysis of the plague diagnostic phage L-413C genome sequence and structure reveals that L-413C is highly similar and collinear with enterobacteriophage P2, though important differences were found. Of special interest was the mosaic nature of the tail fiber protein H in L-413C, given the differentiating specificity of this phage for Yersinia pestis vs. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. While the N-terminal 207 and C-terminal 137 amino acids of L-413C display significant homology with the P2 H protein, a large (465 amino acid) middle section appears to be derived from a T4-related H protein, with highest similarity to the T6 and RB32 distal tail fibers. This finding along with appropriate preadsorption experiments suggest that the unique H protein of L-413C may be responsible for the specificity of this phage for Y. pestis, and that the Y. pestis receptors that are recognized and bound by L-413C either do not exist in Y. pseudotuberculosis or have a different structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia
- Chemistry, Materials and Life Sciences Directorates Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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23
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Kozlov KK, Shaliapin VG, Mamontov VV, Filippov AA, Ostroukhov NF, Korzhuk MS, Pilipenko AP. [The application of an impulse plasma jet for trauma of the liver]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2003; 162:42-5. [PMID: 14606145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors made an analysis of the application of a plasma jet with the help of an apparatus of original construction used for treatment of wounds of the liver in 36 patients. This apparatus has a number of advantages as compared with others. The plasma jet gives a reliable homostasis and minimum heat injuries to the liver tissues.
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24
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Kozlov KK, Vysokogorskiĭ VE, Filippov AA, Mamontov VV, Sborshchikova VA, Shaliapin VG. [Express method of determining blood in the abdominal cavity in closed abdominal injuries]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2002; 160:81. [PMID: 11517799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The article describes an express-method of determining intraabdominal bleeding with the help of a benzidine test based on the ability of the hemine group of hemoglobin to catalyze the reaction of benzidine oxidation with hydrogen peroxide.
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25
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Kozlov KK, Vysokogorskiĭ VE, Filippov AA, Sborshchikova VA, Shaliapin VG. [Rapid method of bile detection in the abdominal cavity in closed abdominal trauma]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2001:58. [PMID: 11490496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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26
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Kozlov KK, Filippov AA, Tiutiunnik AN, Evdokimov VA. [Catheterization of the subclavian vein in patients with combined trauma in emergency situations]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2000; 159:65-6. [PMID: 10890074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a simplified method of catheterization of the subclavian vein available in all medical institutions and in any situation.
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27
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Filippov AA. [Nodulation of Meckel's diverticulum]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2000; 159:101-2. [PMID: 10890115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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28
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Bobrov AG, Filippov AA. [Prevalence of IS285 and IS100 in Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis genomes]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1997:36-40. [PMID: 9213772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell DNAs of various species of Enterobacteriaceae were hybridized with the probes based on IS285 and IS100, mobile genetic elements of Yersinia pestis. These IS elements are found only in the genomes of all tested Y. pestis strains and a number of strains of a related bacterium Y. pseudotuberculosis. Phylogenetic relations between the tested strains and correlation of fingerprints with the geographical origin of the strains were revealed by analysis of the hybridization profiles of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis chromosomal DNAs with IS probes. Comparison of the chromosomal IS100 profiles of Y. pestis wild strain and its nonpigmented mutant helped us determine the minimal extension of the genetic rearrangement and detect at least three copies of the IS element in the mutant region.
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Abstract
The ability to absorb exogenous pigments (Pgm+) has, until now, been considered an established virulence factor of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. This property correlates with the sensitivity to the bacteriocin pesticin (Psts). Both functions are chromosomally encoded. In the present study, using Hfr donors and isogenic Pgm-Psts and Pgm-Pstr mutants, these functions were shown to be determined by discrete but closely linked genes. These markers designated pgm and psn, respectively, were preliminarily located within a linkage group including 11 loci. It was also found that pigmentation is not essential for mouse virulence but is necessary for survival of Y. pestis in the flea, the plague vector. At the same time, conversion of an avirulent Pstr mutant to pesticin sensitivity restored some degree of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kutyrev
- Department of Genetics, Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe, Saratov, Russia
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Protsenko OA, Filippov AA, Kutyrev VV. [Plasmid heterogeneity in populations of Yersinia pestis strains]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1992:20-4. [PMID: 1406758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis strains with the typical plasmid patterns were shown to have the heterogenic populations. Heterogeneity is increased by cultivation passages in artificial nutrient media and is manifested in plasmid elimination within several clones, plasmid integration into the chromosome, appearance of auxiliary plasmids or the ones with increased molecular masses. Passages of strains in experimental animals result in populations homogeneity with the typical plasmid patterns within all clones tested. The clones having changed the plasmid content and selected from heterogenic populations pertain their properties when cultivated in nutrient media and passaged in experimental animals.
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Motin VL, Pokrovskaya MS, Telepnev MV, Kutyrev VV, Vidyaeva NA, Filippov AA, Smirnov GB. The difference in the lcrV sequences between Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis and its application for characterization of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. Microb Pathog 1992; 12:165-75. [PMID: 1614327 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(92)90050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have sequenced the lcrGVH operon from Y. pseudotuberculosis plasmid pYV995 and compared its sequence with that of Y. pestis. The sequences were highly homological, however, six base pair substitutions were found in one short 14 bp region termed variable sequence. Two oligonucleotides corresponding to variable sequence of Y. pestis (pes-V) or Y. pseudotuberculosis (ptb-V) were synthesized and were used as molecular probes in hybridization experiments with sets of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. All 17 Y. pestis strains tested were positive only with the pes-V probe, 18 of 21 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were positive with the ptb-V probe, while three Y. pseudotuberculosis strains reacted with the pes-V probe but not the ptb-V probe. The 200 bp fragment including variable sequence was sequenced in seven Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. The Y. pseudotuberculosis strains which were positive with the pes-V probe possessed the 200 bp fragment sequence almost identical with that from Y. pestis. No correlation between the Y. pestis-like lcrV sequence and virulence was found for these strains. Moreover, the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains with Y. pestis-like sequences in contrast to Y. pestis possessed unaltered yadA gene. However, we have found the yadA frameshift mutation characteristic for Y. pestis in one Y. pseudotuberculosis strain 312.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Motin
- Gemaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, RAMS Russia, Moscow
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Filippov AA, Solodovnikov NS, Kukleva LM, Protsenko OA. [Plasmid composition of Yersinia pestis strains from different natural foci]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1992:10-3. [PMID: 1509839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study of the plasmid composition of 246 Y. pestis strains from different natural foci in the USSR and other countries revealed that 173 strains (70%) carried three known plasmids with a molecular weight of about 6, 45-50 and 60 megadaltons (MD) respectively. In 20 strains (8%) obtained from different sources additional cryptic plasmids were detected. In some cases the absence of one or two typical plasmids was observed. Replicon pPst was shown to have quite constant molecular weight (6 MD), whereas plasmids pCad and especially pFra exhibited certain variations of their molecular weight (45-49 MD and 60-149 MD respectively) in strains of different origin.
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Protsenko OA, Filippov AA, Kutyrev VV. Integration of the plasmid encoding the synthesis of capsular antigen and murine toxin into Yersinia pestis chromosome. Microb Pathog 1991; 11:123-8. [PMID: 1961108 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90005-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, usually carries three plasmids. The largest of them, a 60 megadalton (MDa) replicon designated pFra determines the synthesis of capsular antigen (fraction I) and murine toxin. Both products are involved in the expression of virulence. Previously, several cases of integration into the bacterial chromosome of the calcium dependence plasmid common to pathogenic Yersinia species have been described. In this study, using the Southern hybridization method, we have shown that the plasmid pFra of Y. pestis also integrates into the host chromosome in some clones of strain populations. The integration could be observed for both the intact plasmid and its mutant derivatives unable to express murine toxin or mediating a dramatically reduced level of capsular antigen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Protsenko
- Department of Genetics, All Union Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe, Saratov, U.S.S.R
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Tsukerman GI, Faminskiĭ DO, Fomina NG, Filippov AA, Pomortseva LV, Grosheva TV. [Experience in the use of Soviet-made disk prostheses EMIKS and LIKS]. Grud Serdechnososudistaia Khir 1991:6-10. [PMID: 1859688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Experience in the application of and disc prostheses in 614 patients in generalized. Mitral prosthetics was conducted in 256, aortic in 229, and mitral++-aortic in 129 patients. Hospital lethality was, respectively, 3.9, 4.8, and 8.5%. In postoperative follow-up periods of up to 7 years 92.1% of patients were examined. Survival was 88.1 +/- 0.71% in the mitral, 87.0 +/- 0.62% in the aortic, and 80.2 +/- 0.84% in the mitral-aortic group. No thromboembolic complications occurred in 88.7 +/- 0.64%, 96.9 +/- 0.31%, and 88.3 +/- 0.68% of patients, respectively. In the mitral position the mid-diastolic gradient was 4.0 +/- 0.31 mm Hg on the prosthesis and 3.8 +/- 0.82 mm Hg on the prosthesis; in the aortic position the peak systolic gradient was, respectively, 23.2 +/- 0.58 and 22.4 +/- 0.7 mm Hg. At the time of examination 97% of patients belonged to I and II functional classes.
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Abstract
Plasmid content in 242 Yersinia pestis strains from various natural plague foci of the U.S.S.R. and other countries was studied. Of these strains, 172 (71%) were shown to carry three plasmids described previously of about 6, 45-50 and 60 MDa, respectively. Twenty strains (8%) from different foci harboured additional cryptic plasmids, most often of about 20 mDa in size. Plasmid pPst displayed considerable constancy of its molecular mass. On the contrary, size variations of pCad (45-49 MDa) and, especially, pFra (60-190 MDa) were found. Molecular mass of these plasmids correlated with the host strain origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Filippov
- Department of Genetics, All-Union Research Anti-Plague Institute, Microbe, Saratov, U.S.S.R
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36
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Kutyrev VV, Filippov AA, Shavina NI, Protsenko OA. [Genetic analysis and simulation of the virulence of Yersinia pestis]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1989:42-7. [PMID: 2811911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The genetic analysis of Y. pestis virulence factors accomplished in the 358 strain isogenic system allowed us to determine a minimal set of known factors providing pathogenicity. The combination of chromosomal marker Pgm+ and calcium dependence plasmid (pCad) is shown to be sufficient for preserving the virulence of Y. pestis. Experimental modelling of virulence in this microorganism by the genetic exchange methods was carried out. The reduced virulence of the strains Pgm+ and pCad+ for guinea pigs was detected.
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Filippov AA, Khovrin AI. [Intestinal obstruction caused by incarcerated internal ventral hernia]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1987:116. [PMID: 3586514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Filippov AA. [Strangulated recurrent hernia of the obturator foramen]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 1985; 135:65. [PMID: 3832561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Bol'shakov VV, Filippov AA. [Hemochromatosis]. Klin Khir (1962) 1983:62. [PMID: 6632592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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40
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Filippov AA. [Annular pancreas associated with ulcerated duodenal diverticulum]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1982:103. [PMID: 6801375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Filippov AA, Kalachev MI. [Retention cyst causing intestinal obstruction in a 5-year-old child]. Klin Khir (1962) 1980:56-7. [PMID: 7401482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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Kabanov AN, Sitko LA, Shestel' VI, Filippov AA. [Study of the indicators of external respiration at different periods after surgery in patients with lung abnormalities and acquired suppurative lung diseases]. Grudn Khir 1975:70-3. [PMID: 1241774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Sitko LA, Filippov AA. [Diverticulosis of the trachea and bronchi]. Grudn Khir 1974:58-9. [PMID: 4219608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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