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Schurr TG, Shengelia R, Shamoon-Pour M, Chitanava D, Laliashvili S, Laliashvili I, Kibret R, Kume-Kangkolo Y, Akhvlediani I, Bitadze L, Mathieson I, Yardumian A. Genetic Analysis of Mingrelians Reveals Long-Term Continuity of Populations in Western Georgia (Caucasus). Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad198. [PMID: 37935112 PMCID: PMC10665041 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the population history of the Caucasus, we conducted a survey of genetic diversity in Samegrelo (Mingrelia), western Georgia. We collected DNA samples and genealogical information from 485 individuals residing in 30 different locations, the vast majority of whom being Mingrelian speaking. From these DNA samples, we generated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for all 485 participants (female and male), Y-short tandem repeat haplotypes for the 372 male participants, and analyzed all samples at nearly 590,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus around 33,000 on the sex chromosomes, with 27,000 SNP removed for missingness, using the GenoChip 2.0+ microarray. The resulting data were compared with those from populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Near East, and Europe. Overall, Mingrelians exhibited considerable mtDNA haplogroup diversity, having high frequencies of common West Eurasian haplogroups (H, HV, I, J, K, N1, R1, R2, T, U, and W. X2) and low frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroups (A, C, D, F, and G). From a Y-chromosome standpoint, Mingrelians possessed a variety of haplogroups, including E1b1b, G2a, I2, J1, J2, L, Q, R1a, and R1b. Analysis of autosomal SNP data further revealed that Mingrelians are genetically homogeneous and cluster with other modern-day South Caucasus populations. When compared with ancient DNA samples from Bronze Age archaeological contexts in the broader region, these data indicate that the Mingrelian gene pool began taking its current form at least by this period, probably in conjunction with the formation of a distinct linguistic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramaz Shengelia
- Department of the History of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michel Shamoon-Pour
- First-year Research Immersion, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - David Chitanava
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Shorena Laliashvili
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Irma Laliashvili
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Redate Kibret
- Department of History and Social Science, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanu Kume-Kangkolo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Lia Bitadze
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aram Yardumian
- Department of History and Social Science, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijasevic G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Carlson KSD, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, ErirPazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett D, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milasinovic L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, SönmezSözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D. Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia. Science 2022; 377:982-987. [PMID: 36007054 PMCID: PMC9983685 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Lazaridis
- Department for Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding authors. Iosif Lazaridis (), Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg (), Ron Pinhasi (), David Reich ()
| | - Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria,Corresponding authors. Iosif Lazaridis (), Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg (), Ron Pinhasi (), David Reich ()
| | - Ayşe Acar
- Mardin Artuklu University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Anthropology, Artuklu, 47510, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Açıkkol
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Anthropology, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Levon Aghikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Uğur Akyüz
- Samsun Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, Kale Mahallesi, Merkez, İlkadım, 55030 Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ian Armit
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Alper Atmaca
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Pavel Avetisyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ahmet İhsan Aytek
- Burdur Mehmet Akif University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Anthropology, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Krum Bacvarov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ruben Badalyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Lorenc Bejko
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Tirana, Tirana 1010, Albania
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Bertsatos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Hanifi Biber
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilir
- Düzce University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Archaeology, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | | | | | - Clive Bonsall
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Dušan Borić
- The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nikola Borovinić
- Center for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro, 81250 Kotor, Montenegro
| | | | - Katharina Buttinger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kim Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mario Carić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Chohadzhiev
- University of Veliko Tarnovo “St. St. Cyril and Methodius”, 5003 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Chryssoulaki
- Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ephorate of Antiquities of Piraeus and the Islands, 10682 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Ion Ciobanu
- ”Orheiul Vechi” Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova,National Archaeological Agency, 2012 Chișinău, Moldova
| | | | | | - Emanuela Cristiani
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brendan J. Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Curtis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack Davis
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Classics, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Valentin Dergachev
- Center of Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2001 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Zafer Derin
- Ege University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Archaeology, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sylvia Deskaj
- University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seda Devejyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Laurie R. Eccles
- Human Paleoecology and Isotope Geochemistry Lab, Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nedko Elenski
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Archaeology, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nihat Erdoğan
- Mardin Archaeological Museum, Şar, Cumhuriyet Meydanı üstü, 47100 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | | | - Daniel M. Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria,CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matthew Ferry
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alin Frînculeasa
- Prahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, 100042 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Michael L. Galaty
- University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beatriz Gamarra
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, 43007 Tarragona, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, 43002 Tarragona, Spain,School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Elif Genç
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Archaeology, 01330 BalçalıSarıçam-Adana, Turkey
| | - Timur Gültekin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Anthropology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Gündüz
- Uludağ University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Archaeology, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Volker Heyd
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suren Hobosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Iliya Iliev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | - Lora Iliev
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - İlkay İvgin
- Ministry of Culture and Tourism, İsmet İnönü Bulvarı, 06100 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ivor Janković
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lence Jovanova
- Museum of the City of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Panagiotis Karkanas
- Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Archaeology, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Hilal Kaya
- Muğla Archaeological Museum and Yatağan Thermal Power Generation Company, Rescue Excavations, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Denise Keating
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas Kennett
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Seda Deniz Kesici
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Paul Klostermann
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Anthropology, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Rovena Kurti
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Pasko Kuzman
- National Museum in Ohrid, 6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catalin Lazar
- ArchaeoSciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Krassimir Leshtakov
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas E. Levy
- Department of Anthropology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ioannis Liritzis
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and the Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Laboratory of Yellow River Cultural Heritage, Henan University, 475001 Kaifeng, China,European Academy of Sciences & Arts, St. Peter-Bezirk 10, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kirsi O. Lorentz
- The Cyprus Institute, Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, 2121 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sylwia Łukasik
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirsten Mandl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roger Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Wendy Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Kathleen McSweeney
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Varduhi Melikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Adam Micco
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan Michel
- Department for Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department for Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janet M. Monge
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgi Nekhrizov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rebecca Nicholls
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Alexey G. Nikitin
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Vassil Nikolov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Osterholtz
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Celal Özdemir
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Kadir Toykan Özdoğan
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurettin Öztürk
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Archaeology, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Niki Papakonstantinou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papathanasiou
- Ephorate of Paleoantropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture, 11636 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nick Patterson
- Department for Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ilian Petrakiev
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Levon Petrosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vanya Petrova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ashot Piliposyan
- Armenian State Pedagogical University After Khachatur Abovyan, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Hrvoje Potrebica
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - T. Douglas Price
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lijun Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siniša Radović
- Institute for Quaternary Palaeontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamal Raeuf Aziz
- Sulaimaniyah Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Petra Rajić Šikanjić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sergei Razumov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Amy Richardson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Jacob Roodenberg
- The Netherlands Institute for the Near East, 2311 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudenc Ruka
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Victoria Russeva
- Bulgarian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Archeology with Museum, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Uludağ University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Archaeology, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Şarbak
- Hitit University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Antrophology, 19040 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Emre Savaş
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Constanze Schattke
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynne Schepartz
- School of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tayfun Selçuk
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ayla Sevim-Erol
- Ankara University, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Department of Anthropology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michel Shamoon-Pour
- Binghamton University, Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | | | - Athanasios Sideris
- Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czechia
| | - Angela Simalcsik
- ”Orheiul Vechi” Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova,“Olga Necrasov” Centre of Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy Iași Branch, 2012 Iaşi Romania
| | - Hakob Simonyan
- Scientific Research Center of The Historical And Cultural Heritage, 0010, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vitalij Sinika
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ghenadie Sirbu
- Thracology Scientific Research Laboratorary of the State University of Moldova, Department of Academic Management, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2009 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrei Soficaru
- Fr. I. Rainer” Institute of Anthropology, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bilal Söğüt
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Archaeology, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Çilem SönmezSözer
- Ankara University, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Department of Anthropology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Stathi
- Ephorate of Antiquities of East Attica, Ministry of Culture and Sports, 10682 Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Steskal
- Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharon Stocker
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Classics, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Fadime Suata-Alpaslan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Anthropology, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolai Telnov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Strahil Temov
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ulsi Tota
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania,University of Avignon, Avignon, France
| | | | - Sevi Triantaphyllou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Atila Türker
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Archaeology, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Todor Valchev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | | | - Zlatko Videvski
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Anna Wagner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sam Walsh
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - J. Noah Workman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aram Yardumian
- Department of History-Social Sciences, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, PA 19009, USA,University of Pennsylvania, Penn Museum, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgenii Yarovoy
- Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, 141014 Mytishi, Russia
| | - Alper Yener Yavuz
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, Department of Anthropology, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yılmaz
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Zettl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafet Çavuşoğlu
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria,Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Corresponding authors. Iosif Lazaridis (), Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg (), Ron Pinhasi (), David Reich ()
| | - David Reich
- Department for Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Corresponding authors. Iosif Lazaridis (), Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg (), Ron Pinhasi (), David Reich ()
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3
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Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijašević G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Duffett Carlson KS, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, Erir-Pazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milašinović L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, Sönmez-Sözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D. The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe. Science 2022; 377:eabm4247. [PMID: 36007055 PMCID: PMC10064553 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Lazaridis
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ayşe Acar
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Mardin Artuklu University, 47510 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Açıkkol
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Levon Aghikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Uğur Akyüz
- Samsun Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, Kale Mahallesi, Merkez, İlkadım, 55030 Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ian Armit
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Alper Atmaca
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Pavel Avetisyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ahmet İhsan Aytek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Krum Bacvarov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ruben Badalyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Lorenc Bejko
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Tirana, 1010 Tirana, Albania
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Bertsatos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Hanifi Biber
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilir
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | | | | | - Clive Bonsall
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Dušan Borić
- The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nikola Borovinić
- Center for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro, 81250 Cetinje, Montenegro
| | | | - Katharina Buttinger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kim Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mario Carić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Chohadzhiev
- Department of Archaeology, University of Veliko Tarnovo "St. Cyril and St. Methodius," 5003 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Chryssoulaki
- Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ephorate of Antiquities of Piraeus and the Islands, 10682 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Ion Ciobanu
- "Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.,National Archaeological Agency, 2012 Chișinău, Moldova
| | | | | | - Emanuela Cristiani
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Curtis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack Davis
- Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Valentin Dergachev
- Center of Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2001 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Zafer Derin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sylvia Deskaj
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seda Devejyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Laurie R Eccles
- Human Paleoecology and Isotope Geochemistry Lab, Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nedko Elenski
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nihat Erdoğan
- Mardin Archaeological Museum, Şar, Cumhuriyet Meydanı üstü, 47100 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | | | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matthew Ferry
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alin Frînculeasa
- Prahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, 100042 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Michael L Galaty
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beatriz Gamarra
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.,School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Elif Genç
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Çukurova University, 01330 Balçalı-Sarıçam-Adana, Turkey
| | - Timur Gültekin
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Gündüz
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Volker Heyd
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suren Hobosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nelli Hovhannisyan
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Iliya Iliev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | - Lora Iliev
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - İlkay İvgin
- Ministry of Culture and Tourism, İsmet İnönü Bulvarı, 06100 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ivor Janković
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lence Jovanova
- Museum of the City of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Panagiotis Karkanas
- Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Hilal Kaya
- Muğla Archaeological Museum and Yatağan Thermal Power Generation Company, Rescue Excavations, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Denise Keating
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas J Kennett
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Seda Deniz Kesici
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Paul Klostermann
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Rovena Kurti
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Pasko Kuzman
- National Museum in Ohrid, 6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catalin Lazar
- ArchaeoSciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Krassimir Leshtakov
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas E Levy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ioannis Liritzis
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and the Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Laboratory of Yellow River Cultural Heritage, Henan University, 475001 Kaifeng, China.,European Academy of Sciences and Arts, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kirsi O Lorentz
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sylwia Łukasik
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirsten Mandl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roger Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Wendy Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Kathleen McSweeney
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Varduhi Melikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Adam Micco
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet M Monge
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgi Nekhrizov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rebecca Nicholls
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Alexey G Nikitin
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Vassil Nikolov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Osterholtz
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Celal Özdemir
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Kadir Toykan Özdoğan
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurettin Öztürk
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Niki Papakonstantinou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papathanasiou
- Ephorate of Paleoantropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture, 11636 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nick Patterson
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ilian Petrakiev
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Levon Petrosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vanya Petrova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ashot Piliposyan
- Department of Armenian History, Armenian State Pedagogical University After Khachatur Abovyan, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Hrvoje Potrebica
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - T Douglas Price
- Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lijun Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siniša Radović
- Institute for Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamal Raeuf Aziz
- Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage, 46010 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Petra Rajić Šikanjić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sergei Razumov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Amy Richardson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Jacob Roodenberg
- The Netherlands Institute for the Near East, 2311 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudenc Ruka
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Victoria Russeva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Archeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Şarbak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Emre Savaş
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Constanze Schattke
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynne Schepartz
- School of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tayfun Selçuk
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ayla Sevim-Erol
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michel Shamoon-Pour
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | | | - Athanasios Sideris
- Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czechia
| | - Angela Simalcsik
- "Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.,"Olga Necrasov" Centre of Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy Iași Branch, 2012 Iaşi Romania
| | - Hakob Simonyan
- Scientific Research Center of the Historical and Cultural Heritage, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vitalij Sinika
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ghenadie Sirbu
- Thracology Scientific Research Laboratory of the State University of Moldova, Department of Academic Management, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2009 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrei Soficaru
- "Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bilal Söğüt
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Çilem Sönmez-Sözer
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Stathi
- Ephorate of Antiquities of East Attica, Ministry of Culture and Sports, 10682 Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Steskal
- Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharon Stocker
- Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Fadime Suata-Alpaslan
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolai Telnov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Strahil Temov
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ulsi Tota
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania.,Culture and Patrimony Department, University of Avignon, F-84029 Avignon, France
| | - Gilles Touchais
- Department of the History of Art and Archaeology, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sevi Triantaphyllou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Atila Türker
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Todor Valchev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | | | - Zlatko Videvski
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Anna Wagner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sam Walsh
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Noah Workman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aram Yardumian
- Department of History and Social Sciences, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, PA 19009, USA.,Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgenii Yarovoy
- History of the Ancient World and Middle Ages Department, Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, 141014 Mytishi, Russia
| | - Alper Yener Yavuz
- Department of Anthropology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yılmaz
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Zettl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafet Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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4
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Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijašević G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Duffett Carlson KS, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, Erir-Pazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milašinović L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, Sönmez-Sözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D, Davtyan R. A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia. Science 2022; 377:940-951. [PMID: 36007020 PMCID: PMC10019558 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Lazaridis
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ayşe Acar
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Mardin Artuklu University, 47510 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Açıkkol
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Levon Aghikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Uğur Akyüz
- Samsun Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, Kale Mahallesi, Merkez, İlkadım, 55030 Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ian Armit
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Alper Atmaca
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Pavel Avetisyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ahmet İhsan Aytek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Krum Bacvarov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ruben Badalyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Lorenc Bejko
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Tirana, 1010 Tirana, Albania
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Bertsatos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Hanifi Biber
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilir
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | | | | | - Clive Bonsall
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Dušan Borić
- The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nikola Borovinić
- Center for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro, 81250 Cetinje, Montenegro
| | | | - Katharina Buttinger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kim Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mario Carić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Chohadzhiev
- Department of Archaeology, University of Veliko Tarnovo "St. Cyril and St. Methodius," 5003 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Chryssoulaki
- Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ephorate of Antiquities of Piraeus and the Islands, 10682 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Ion Ciobanu
- "Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.,National Archaeological Agency, 2012 Chișinău, Moldova
| | | | | | - Emanuela Cristiani
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Curtis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack Davis
- Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Valentin Dergachev
- Center of Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2001 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Zafer Derin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sylvia Deskaj
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seda Devejyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Laurie R Eccles
- Human Paleoecology and Isotope Geochemistry Lab, Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nedko Elenski
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nihat Erdoğan
- Mardin Archaeological Museum, Şar, Cumhuriyet Meydanı üstü, 47100 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | | | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matthew Ferry
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alin Frînculeasa
- Prahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, 100042 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Michael L Galaty
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beatriz Gamarra
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.,School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Elif Genç
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Çukurova University, 01330 Balçalı-Sarıçam-Adana, Turkey
| | - Timur Gültekin
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Gündüz
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Volker Heyd
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suren Hobosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nelli Hovhannisyan
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Iliya Iliev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | - Lora Iliev
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - İlkay İvgin
- Ministry of Culture and Tourism, İsmet İnönü Bulvarı, 06100 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ivor Janković
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lence Jovanova
- Museum of the City of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Panagiotis Karkanas
- Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Hilal Kaya
- Muğla Archaeological Museum and Yatağan Thermal Power Generation Company, Rescue Excavations, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Denise Keating
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas J Kennett
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Seda Deniz Kesici
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Paul Klostermann
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Rovena Kurti
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Pasko Kuzman
- National Museum in Ohrid, 6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catalin Lazar
- ArchaeoSciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Krassimir Leshtakov
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas E Levy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ioannis Liritzis
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and the Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Laboratory of Yellow River Cultural Heritage, Henan University, 475001 Kaifeng, China.,European Academy of Sciences and Arts, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kirsi O Lorentz
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sylwia Łukasik
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirsten Mandl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roger Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Wendy Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Kathleen McSweeney
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Varduhi Melikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Adam Micco
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet M Monge
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgi Nekhrizov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rebecca Nicholls
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Alexey G Nikitin
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Vassil Nikolov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Osterholtz
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Celal Özdemir
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Kadir Toykan Özdoğan
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurettin Öztürk
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Niki Papakonstantinou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papathanasiou
- Ephorate of Paleoantropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture, 11636 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nick Patterson
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ilian Petrakiev
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Levon Petrosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vanya Petrova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ashot Piliposyan
- Department of Armenian History, Armenian State Pedagogical University After Khachatur Abovyan, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Hrvoje Potrebica
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - T Douglas Price
- Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lijun Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siniša Radović
- Institute for Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamal Raeuf Aziz
- Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage, 46010 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Petra Rajić Šikanjić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sergei Razumov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Amy Richardson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Jacob Roodenberg
- The Netherlands Institute for the Near East, 2311 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudenc Ruka
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Victoria Russeva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Archeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Şarbak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Emre Savaş
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Constanze Schattke
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynne Schepartz
- School of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tayfun Selçuk
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ayla Sevim-Erol
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michel Shamoon-Pour
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | | | - Athanasios Sideris
- Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czechia
| | - Angela Simalcsik
- "Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.,"Olga Necrasov" Centre of Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy Iași Branch, 2012 Iaşi Romania
| | - Hakob Simonyan
- Scientific Research Center of the Historical and Cultural Heritage, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vitalij Sinika
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ghenadie Sirbu
- Thracology Scientific Research Laboratory of the State University of Moldova, Department of Academic Management, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2009 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrei Soficaru
- "Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bilal Söğüt
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Çilem Sönmez-Sözer
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Stathi
- Ephorate of Antiquities of East Attica, Ministry of Culture and Sports, 10682 Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Steskal
- Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharon Stocker
- Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Fadime Suata-Alpaslan
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolai Telnov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Strahil Temov
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ulsi Tota
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania.,Culture and Patrimony Department, University of Avignon, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Gilles Touchais
- Department of the History of Art and Archaeology, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sevi Triantaphyllou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Atila Türker
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Todor Valchev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | | | - Zlatko Videvski
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Anna Wagner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sam Walsh
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Noah Workman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aram Yardumian
- Department of History and Social Sciences, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, PA 19009, USA.,Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgenii Yarovoy
- History of the Ancient World and Middle Ages Department, Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, 141014 Mytishi, Russia
| | - Alper Yener Yavuz
- Department of Anthropology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yılmaz
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Zettl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafet Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ruben Davtyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
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Yardumian A, Shengelia R, Chitanava D, Laliashvili S, Bitadze L, Laliashvili I, Villanea F, Sanders A, Azzam A, Groner V, Edleson K, Vilar MG, Schurr TG. Genetic diversity in Svaneti and its implications for the human settlement of the Highland Caucasus. Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 164:837-852. [PMID: 29076141 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we characterized genetic diversity in the Svans from northwestern Georgia to better understand the phylogeography of their genetic lineages, determine whether genetic diversity in the highland South Caucasus has been shaped by language or geography, and assess whether Svan genetic diversity was structured by regional residence patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation in 184 individuals from 13 village districts and townlets located throughout the region. For all individuals, we analyzed mtDNA diversity through control region sequencing, and, for males, we analyzed Y-chromosome diversity through SNP and STR genotyping. The resulting data were compared with those for populations from the Caucasus and Middle East. RESULTS We observed significant mtDNA heterogeneity in Svans, with haplogroups U1-U7, H, K, and W6 being common there. By contrast, ∼78% of Svan males belonged to haplogroup G2a, with the remainder falling into four other haplogroups (J2a1, I2, N, and R1a). While showing a distinct genetic profile, Svans also clustered with Caucasus populations speaking languages from different families, suggesting a deep common ancestry for all of them. The mtDNA data were not structured by geography or linguistic affiliation, whereas the NRY data were influenced only by geography. DISCUSSION These patterns of genetic variation confirm a complex set of geographic sources and settlement phases for the Caucasus highlands. Such patterns may also reflect social and cultural practices in the region. The high frequency and antiquity of Y-chromosome haplogroup G2a in this region further points to its emergence there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Yardumian
- Department of History and Social Sciences, Bryn Athyn College, Pennsylvania 19009.,Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ramaz Shengelia
- Department of the History of Medicine and Bioethics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 01747, Georgia
| | - David Chitanava
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi 0102, Georgia
| | - Shorena Laliashvili
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi 0102, Georgia
| | - Lia Bitadze
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi 0102, Georgia
| | - Irma Laliashvili
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi 0102, Georgia
| | - Fernando Villanea
- Grant Programs, Science and Exploration, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036
| | - Akiva Sanders
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Andrew Azzam
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Victoria Groner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kristi Edleson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Miguel G Vilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Grant Programs, Science and Exploration, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Olujohungbe AB, Adeyoju A, Yardumian A, Akinyanju O, Morris J, Westerdale N, Akenova Y, Kehinde MO, Anie K, Howard J, Brooks A, Davis VA, Khoriatry AI. A Prospective Diary Study of Stuttering Priapism in Adolescents and Young Men With Sickle Cell Anemia: Report of an International Randomized Control Trial--The Priapism in Sickle Cell Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 32:375-82. [DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.110.010934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Adeyoju AB, Olujohungbe ABK, Morris J, Yardumian A, Bareford D, Akenova A, Akinyanju O, Cinkotai K, O'Reilly PH. Priapism in sickle-cell disease; incidence, risk factors and complications - an international multicentre study. BJU Int 2002; 90:898-902. [PMID: 12460353 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.03022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the incidence, risk factors and complications of priapism in a large population of patients with sickle-cell anaemia in five centres in the UK and Nigeria, as priapism is common among these patients, but the precise characteristics of the condition in this population are poorly documented. PATIENTS AND METHODS A questionnaire was developed and administered to patients with sickle-cell disease. Questions were designed to define the incidence, nature, precipitants, duration, treatment and complications of priapism. A distinction was made between acute (severe) priapism and the recurrent, 'stuttering' type. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 130 patients (mean age 25 years, sd 11, range 4-66) from the five centres; 102 (78%) were homozygous Hb SS genotype, 19 (15%) were Hb SC genotype and two (1.5%) were Hb Salpha-thalassaemia. Of the patients, 46 (35%) reported a history of priapism, and of these, 33 (72%) had a history of stuttering priapism, while 24 (52%) had had an acute episode of priapism. The mean age of onset of priapism was 15 years, with 75% of patients having the first episode before their 20th birthday. Sexual activity was the most frequent precipitating factor, with fever and/or dehydration being the next most common. Of the 46 patients, 10 (21%) with a history of priapism reported having erectile dysfunction. A similar proportion reported dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse, including a fear of engaging in sexual activity. CONCLUSION The incidence of priapism among patients with sickle-cell anaemia is high (35%). The implications of priapism for erectile and sexual function are significant and documented in this large series. The treatment of this condition in these patients remains unstandardised. This study highlights the need for an increased awareness of the problems associated with priapism among patients, families and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Adeyoju
- Department of Urology, Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK.
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Abstract
SCD is a major health problem requiring lifelong multidisciplinary care to manage the wide range of medical and social consequences. A number of new approaches offer the potential to have an impact on the natural history of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yardumian
- Department of Haematology, North Middlesex Hospital, London
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Karnon J, Zeuner D, Ades AE, Efimba W, Brown J, Yardumian A. The effects of neonatal screening for sickle cell disorders on lifetime treatment costs and early deaths avoided: a modelling approach. J Public Health Med 2000; 22:500-11. [PMID: 11192278 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/22.4.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to calculate the cost to the UK National Health Service of providing treatment services for patients with sickle cell disorders. The rates of differential morbidity and mortality, in the first 10 years of life, between screen-detected early diagnosed and clinically presenting late diagnosed cohorts of sickle cell disorder patients are also estimated. METHOD A cost model was developed, based on predictions of survival and the incidence of sickle cell disorder-related events. Direct data from the NHS are lacking, so data were incorporated from disparate sources. Patients with sickle cell disorders were divided into two categories: those with sickle cell anaemia and those with sickle HbC disease. RESULTS Differentiating between sickle cell anaemia and sickle HbC disorder patients, the results show that the undiscounted (discounted at 6 per cent) lifetime treatment costs range from pound sterling 92323 (pound sterling 24917) to pound sterling 185614 (pound sterling 53861). The number of early deaths avoided per 100 births, as a result of early diagnosis through screening, ranges from 0.57 to 1.25. CONCLUSIONS The resulting estimates may act as a guide to those involved in the planning of health care provision with regard to the resources required to treat sickle cell disorder patients. Such information may also be incorporated into the evaluation of both antenatal and neonatal screening programmes for sickle cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Karnon
- Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gupta
- North Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
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12
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Abstract
Although home transfusion programmes are relatively common in the USA (Anon, 1990, Home Care in the 1990s. Council on Scientific Affairs. Journal of the American Medical Association, 263, 1241-1244), this type of treatment has only recently been considered in Britain and, where it is in operation, is generally supervised by trained nursing staff or via a hospice. North Middlesex Hospital now has 3 years experience of a home transfusion programme operating for beta-thalassaemia major patients, in which relatives are trained and responsible for supervision of the red-cell transfusions at home. For families who request this service, and who are willing and able to undertake it responsibly, the scheme offers the advantages of improved patient comfort, reduced absences from education or employment and reduced hospital bed usage. Patients and their carers express improved satisfaction with the treatment delivered in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Madgwick
- Blood Transfusion Department, North Middlesex Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Yardumian A, Olujohungbe A, Cinkotai K. Register cannot replace prospective studies in sickle cell disease. BMJ 1999; 318:671. [PMID: 10066225 PMCID: PMC1115108 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7184.671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The use of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) in women with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is controversial, as contraceptive steroids are thought to adversely affect erythrocyte deformability. This observational study was performed to investigate whether hormonal contraception influenced erythrocyte deformability in women with SCA. 30 women with SCA using various contraceptive modalities: COCP (n = 10); progestogen only (PO) contraception (n = 10) and non-hormonal contraception (n = 10) were recruited. Erythrocyte deformability was assessed using the clogging rate (CR) and red cell transit time (RCTT). There was no statistical difference in the mean CR and RCTT between the three groups of women (one-way ANOVA). Current contraceptive steroids do not appear to impair red cell deformability in women with SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Yoong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London
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15
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Abstract
Cooley's original description of beta-thalassaemia major included marked bone deformities as a characteristic feature. These were thought to be due to expansion of haemopoiesis attempting to compensate for the congenital anaemia. Regular blood transfusions from infancy prevents these skeletal problems. Nevertheless, symptoms due to bone disease frequently occur in adult patients. Osteoporosis has not previously been reported as a cause of severe morbidity in thalassaemia major. The present study shows a high prevalence of low bone mass among thalassaemia major patients and analyses the predisposing causes. Bone density scans were performed in 82 patients with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia. Factors known to be associated with low bone mass such as gender, endocrine disorders and lifestyle activities, together with factors specific to the thalassaemia and its management, were included in a series of univariate analyses to ascertain any significant associations. 42 (51%) of the patients had severely low bone mass and a further 37 (45%) had low bone mass. The three factors showing a statistically significant association with severely low bone mass were male sex, 24/38 (63%) males had severely low bone mass, compared with 18/44 (41%) females, the lack of spontaneous puberty, 22/32 (69%) who required therapeutic induction of pubertal development had severely low bone mass, compared with 19/47 (40%) with spontaneous puberty and diabetes, 8/10 (80%) diabetic patients had severely low bone mass, compared with 23/56 (41%) with normal glucose tolerance. There was no association between the bone mineral density measurements and the haematological characteristics or treatment details of these patients. Severely low and low bone mass are common findings in patients with beta-thalassaemia major despite optimal transfusion and iron chelation. The associated features suggest that the severely low bone mass is due to endocrine abnormalities, in contrast to the haematological causes of bone disease characteristically seen in untreated thalassaemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, London
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16
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Olujohungbe A, Cinkotai KI, Yardumian A. Hydroxyurea therapy for sickle cell disease in Britain. Disappointing recruitment despite promising results. BMJ 1998; 316:1689. [PMID: 9614013 PMCID: PMC1113271 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7146.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an incurable debilitating disease affecting the Afro-Caribbean population. The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), an effective and popular method of contraception, is often denied to women with SCD for fear that the disease process may have a synergistic effect on the coagulation changes associated with contraceptive steroids. In this study red cell deformability was assessed in 10 women with SCD and 10 comparable women with normal AA haemoglobin. Neither group was on exogenous hormones. The red cells were taken in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle when women have low endogenous levels of oestradiol and progesterone. The effect of the steroids contained in the COCP on red blood cells was simulated by incubation with therapeutic concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone. Red cell deformability is a measure of the ease with which erythrocytes flow through small capillaries and was assessed using the parameters red cell transit time (RCTT) and clogging rate (CR). Therapeutic concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone did not appear to influence red cell deformability in women with SCD or normal AA haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Yoong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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18
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Jensen CE, Tuck SM, Agnew JE, Koneru S, Morris RW, Yardumian A, Prescott E, Hoffbrand AV, Wonke B. High incidence of osteoporosis in thalassaemia major. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1998; 11 Suppl 3:975-7. [PMID: 10091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Tuck SM, Jensen CE, Wonke B, Yardumian A. Pregnancy management and outcomes in women with thalassaemia major. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1998; 11 Suppl 3:923-8. [PMID: 10091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The health background, management and outcomes of 25 pregnancies in 18 women with transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia are described with particular consideration of appropriate preconceptual guidance for such women. This is an observation study of women attending three collaborating London hospitals. Nine of the pregnancies required induction of ovulation. Two pregnancies were complicated by diabetes and three by hepatitis C. One patient was hepatitis B positive. Two pregnancies were in women with cardiac problems, one of whom died of cardiac failure nine months after delivery of a live child. Two of the pregnancies miscarried and three were terminated, with the others resulting in 21 live children (including one set of twins). 14 of the pregnancies were delivered by caesarean section. After pregnancy five women developed secondary amenorrhoea, two developed cardiac problems and two developed diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Tuck
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Telfer PT, Garson JA, Whitby K, Grant PR, Yardumian A, Hoffbrand AV, Wonke B. Combination therapy with interferon alpha and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in thalassaemic patients. Br J Haematol 1997; 98:850-5. [PMID: 9326177 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.2953112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in multi-transfused thalassaemic patients, and, in combination with transfusional iron overload, can result in progressive liver disease. Therapy with interferon-alpha causes a sustained loss of HCV in only 15-25% of patients, and there is as yet no established effective therapy for those who fail to respond. We have conducted a pilot study of combination anti-viral therapy for patients who failed to respond, or relapsed after an initial response to single-agent interferon-alpha. Patients were treated for 6 months with interferon-alpha 2b, given subcutaneously three mega units thrice weekly, together with ribavirin, orally 1 g daily. 11 patients were enrolled, their median age was 24.9 years. 8/10 evaluable patients had cirrhosis on biopsy, five were infected with HCV type 1 and all but one had initial HCV RNA titres > 10(6) genomes/ml. Five patients (45.5%) had a sustained virological response with loss of serum HCV RNA for > 6 months after finishing therapy. There was no clear association between response to therapy and age, histology, HCV genotype, or HCV RNA titre. Transfusion requirements were significantly increased during the treatment phase, probably due to ribavirin-induced haemolysis, and this necessitated intensification of iron chelation therapy. Serum ferritin levels decreased significantly in those who responded. These results suggest that combination therapy is potent in clearing HCV infection, and may provide effective second-line therapy for thalassaemic patients who have failed to respond to interferon-alpha monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Telfer
- Department of Haematology, Whittington Hospital, London
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21
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Jensen CE, Tuck SM, Old J, Morris RW, Yardumian A, De Sanctis V, Hoffbrand AV, Wonke B. Incidence of endocrine complications and clinical disease severity related to genotype analysis and iron overload in patients with beta-thalassaemia. Eur J Haematol 1997; 59:76-81. [PMID: 9293854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1997.tb00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of endocrine dysfunction in relation to the detailed genotype of beta-thalassaemia is investigated in this study. In addition, the association of genotype to specific clinical features of beta-thalassaemia is examined, together with the relationship between serum ferritin levels and endocrine complications. Ninety-seven patients were included, all with transfusion dependent beta-thalassaemia. Patients were divided into 2 categories; group 1 consisted of patients with a beta0/beta0 genotype with or without a concomitant alpha-globin gene deletion as well as patients with beta0/beta+ or beta+/beta+ genotype and normal alpha-globin chain synthesis. Group 2 included patients with beta+/beta+ or beta+/beta0 genotype and one alpha-globin chain deletion and those with a moderate amount of beta-globin chain synthesis (beta++) and normal alpha-globin chain synthesis. The results showed that group 1 patients were more likely to have severe clinical disease (p=0.005). Sixty-four patients (66%) had at least 1 endocrine disorder and 39 (40%) had multiple endocrinopathies; the most common abnormality was hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH). There was a significant association between patients with group 1 genotypes and the presence of HH and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. A positive correlation was demonstrated between serum ferritin concentrations and the presence of thyroid or parathyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Whittington Hospital, London, UK
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22
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Ho PJ, Rochette J, Fisher CA, Wonke B, Jarvis MK, Yardumian A, Thein SL. Moderate reduction of beta-globin gene transcript by a novel mutation in the 5' untranslated region: a study of its interaction with other genotypes in two families. Blood 1996; 87:1170-8. [PMID: 8562944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified two individuals of Greek Cypriot origin with thalassemia intermedia. Molecular analysis has shown that each individual is a compound heterozygote for a previously described beta zero thalassemia allele and a novel mutation, C-->G in position +33, in the 5' untranslated region of the beta globin gene. In both families the beta +33 allele is associated with the same beta haplotype (-++- ) suggesting that it is likely to be of a single origin, beta-cDNAs from normal and mutant beta alleles were isolated from peripheral blood reticulocytes using the technique of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Because the beta +33 (C-->G) mutation creates a cutting site for the restriction enzyme NlalV, we could demonstrate by differential restriction analysis that the beta gene with +33 mutation showed 25% to 35% residual activity compared with normal. The additive effect of this moderate deficit in beta globin production with the beta zero thalassemia mutation would explain the clinical phenotypes observed in the two probands. In contrast, two siblings of one proband who were also compound heterozygotes for the same beta thalassemia mutations, as well as heterozygotes for a nondeletional alpha thalassemia variant, and two other compound heterozygotes for the beta +33 and a beta+ thalassemia allele were completely asymptomatic. Individuals heterozygous for the beta +33 C-G mutation alone are clinically and hematologically silent, with normal red blood cell indices and normal levels of hemoglobin (Hb) A2. A direct relationship between genotypic and phenotypic severity is clearly demonstrated in these cases with obvious implications for prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Ho
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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23
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Ratip S, Skuse D, Porter J, Wonke B, Yardumian A, Modell B. Psychosocial and clinical burden of thalassaemia intermedia and its implications for prenatal diagnosis. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72:408-12. [PMID: 7618906 PMCID: PMC1511109 DOI: 10.1136/adc.72.5.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Twenty eight patients with thalassaemia intermedia and their parents were interviewed using specifically designed questionnaires to evaluate psychosocial burden. Hospital notes were analysed for clinical burden. A wide variation was found for both patients and parents, ranging from virtually unaffected to severely affected. Normal sexual function and setting up a family were mentioned by patients and parents as being particularly important for quality of life. Over half (58%) of the patients had problems with sexual maturation and functioning, and continuous monitoring of all patients with thalassaemia intermedia by a paediatric endocrinologist is therefore strongly indicated. Most parents said, in light of their experiences, that they would opt for prenatal diagnosis and termination of affected pregnancies even if a genotype predicting the mild form of disorder were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ratip
- Department of Haematology, University College London Medical School
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24
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Philpott NJ, Marsh JC, Kumaran TO, Yardumian A, Lawler M, McCann SR, Gordon-Smith EC. Successful bone marrow transplant for Fanconi anaemia in transformation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14:151-3. [PMID: 7951104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a patient who was diagnosed as suffering from Fanconi anaemia at the age of 36 years. At the time of diagnosis his bone marrow showed features of pre-leukaemic transformation. He received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from his HLA-identical sibling. The post-transplant course was unremarkable with evidence of trilineage engraftment at day +32 and no acute or chronic GVHD. He is well with sustained engraftment and no haematological evidence of Fanconi anaemia 18 months post-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Philpott
- Department of Haematology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London
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Contreras M, Barbara JA, Anderson CC, Ranasinghe E, Moore C, Brennan MT, Howell DR, Aloysius S, Yardumian A. Low incidence of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in London confirmed by hepatitis C virus serology. Lancet 1991; 337:753-7. [PMID: 1672391 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91370-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To see whether the introduction of screening tests for post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) in the UK would be worth while, the incidence of such hepatitis was assessed among patients receiving blood during operations at five hospitals served by the North London Blood Transfusion Centre. 387 patients, who each received blood or blood components from an average of 3 donors were followed up prospectively and blood samples were taken every 2 weeks for 3 months and then each month for a further 3 months. 229 patients also provided a sample at 12 months. All available patient and donor samples were tested for alanine aminotransferase concentrations and for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by ELISA. Repeatedly anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to supplementary HCV assays. 1 of the 387 patients showed biochemical evidence of acute post-transfusion NANBH after exclusion of non-viral causes. Anti-HCV developed in this patient and the seroconversion was confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay and polymerase chain reaction. Serum from 1 of the 8 donors whose blood he received was positive for anti-HCV by all three methods. In another patient HCV seroconversion was shown by ELISA but alanine aminotransferase concentrations remained normal throughout follow-up. His samples and those of his 2 donors were negative for HCV by the polymerase chain reaction. A third patient showed rises in alanine aminotransferase compatible with post-transfusion NANBH, but serology and polymerase chain reaction assays for HCV were negative for her samples and those of her donors. Anti-HCV reactivity likely to be false positive (negative by both confirmatory tests and no adverse effects in recipients) was seen in 6 of 1283 donors. This study, despite its being carried out in the part of the UK with the highest frequency of infectious markers in blood donations, has shown a very low incidence of post-transfusion NANBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Contreras
- North London Blood Transfusion Centre, Colindale, UK
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Abstract
An evaluation of the Coulter VCS (volume, conductivity, light scatter) automated differential counter demonstrated satisfactory correlations with manual 800-cell differential counts for neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. For the detection of abnormal cells, 12.2% of samples gave false-negative results on the VCS, and 13.4% gave false-positive results. However, only 0.8% of the false-negatives would be expected to be picked up by a standard 100-cell manual differential count. Carry-over accorded to manufacturer's specifications and throughput was 60 samples/h. Reference normal ranges have been established and the instrument's precision and performance with leucopenic and neonatal blood samples assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Barnard
- Department of Haematology, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London
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Barnard DF, Barnard SA, Carter AB, Machin SJ, Patterson KG, Yardumian A. Detection of important abnormalities of the differential count using the Coulter STKR blood counter. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42:772-6. [PMID: 2760236 PMCID: PMC1142033 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.42.7.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the three part differential provided by the Coulter STKR blood counter showed good correlation when compared with an 800 cell manual differential. Satisfactory flagging of eosinophilia, basophilia, and the presence of immature cells was found. The use of variables derived from the STKR in conjunction with interpretive reporting and user-defined flagging enabled this department to reduce considerably the numbers of films requiring manual differential counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Barnard
- Department of Haematology, Middlesex Hospital, London
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Abstract
Patients affected by sickle cell disease encounter varied and often severe clinical problems directly related to their condition and are at greater risk than the general population from particular infections, thrombosis and certain surgical pathologies. The current clinical management policies for the severe acute problems arising in these patients, and measures undertaken to prevent these where possible, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yardumian
- Department of Haematology, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Shoshin beriberi, a fulminant form of heart failure due to thiamine deficiency has a different presentation to the classical form of beriberi heart failure. It is characterized by a cold periphery, low blood pressure, renal shutdown and a severe metabolic acidosis. The true incidence is unknown. Two patients were seen within a few months in a general hospital and in both dietary deficiency of thiamine was a major factor.
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