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Díaz-Valdivia N, Simón L, Díaz J, Martinez-Meza S, Contreras P, Burgos-Ravanal R, Pérez VI, Frei B, Leyton L, Quest AFG. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Glycolytic Switch Induced by Caveolin-1 Phosphorylation Promote Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122862. [PMID: 35740528 PMCID: PMC9221213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a membrane protein that has been attributed a dual role in cancer, acting at early stages as a tumor suppressor and in later stages of the disease as a promoter of metastasis. In the latter case, enhanced expression of CAV1 favors the malignant phenotype and correlates with a poorer prognosis of the patients. Bearing in mind that the reprogramming of energy metabolism is required in cancer cells to meet both the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs to sustain increased proliferation, migration, and invasion, we evaluated the metabolism of metastatic cells expressing or not CAV1. In this study, we show that the expression of CAV1 promotes in cancer cells a metabolic switch to an aerobic, glycolytic phenotype by blocking mitochondrial respiration. Abstract Cancer cells often display impaired mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, and augmented aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) to fulfill their bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein that promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in a manner dependent on CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14 (pY14). Here, we show that CAV1 expression increased glycolysis rates, while mitochondrial respiration was reduced by inhibition of the mitochondrial complex IV. These effects correlated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that favored CAV1-induced migration and invasion. Interestingly, pY14-CAV1 promoted the metabolic switch associated with increased migration/invasion and augmented ROS-inhibited PTP1B, a phosphatase that controls pY14 levels. Finally, the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced CAV1-enhanced migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo of murine melanoma cells. In conclusion, CAV1 promotes the Warburg effect and ROS production, which inhibits PTP1B to augment CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14, thereby increasing the metastatic potential of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Díaz-Valdivia
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Layla Simón
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Samuel Martinez-Meza
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Renato Burgos-Ravanal
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Viviana I. Pérez
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (V.I.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (V.I.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (A.F.G.Q.)
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (L.S.); (J.D.); (S.M.-M.); (P.C.); (R.B.-R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (A.F.G.Q.)
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Bobe G, Michels AJ, Zhang WJ, Purnell JQ, Woffendin C, Pereira C, Vita JA, Thomas NO, Traber MG, Frei B, Hagen TM. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Long-Term (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults without Altering Baseline Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations. J Nutr 2020; 150:2336-2345. [PMID: 32692358 PMCID: PMC7540064 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a dietary supplement for maintaining energy balance, but well-controlled clinical trials in otherwise healthy, overweight adults using LA supplementation are lacking. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate whether LA supplementation decreases elevated plasma triglycerides in overweight or obese adults. Secondary aims examined if LA promotes weight loss and improves oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS Overweight adults [n = 81; 57% women; 21-60 y old; BMI (in kg/m2) ≥ 25] with elevated plasma triglycerides ≥100 mg/dL were enrolled in a 24-wk, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, assigned to either (R)-α-lipoic acid (R-LA; 600 mg/d) or matching placebo, and advised not to change their diet or physical activity. Linear models were used to evaluate treatment effects from baseline for primary and secondary endpoints. RESULTS R-LA did not decrease triglyceride concentrations, but individuals on R-LA had a greater reduction in BMI at 24 wk than the placebo group (-0.8; P = 0.04). The effect of R-LA on BMI was correlated to changes in plasma triglycerides (r = +0.50, P = 0.004). Improvement in body weight was greater at 24 wk in R-LA subgroups than in placebo subgroups. Women and obese participants (BMI ≥ 35) showed greater weight loss (-5.0% and -4.8%, respectively; both P < 0.001) and loss of body fat (-9.4% and -8.6%, respectively; both P < 0.005). Antioxidant gene expression in mononuclear cells at 24 wk was greater in the R-LA group (Heme oxygenase 1 [HMOX1] : +22%; P = 0.02) than in placebo. Less urinary F2-isoprostanes (-25%; P = 0.005), blood leukocytes (-10.1%; P = 0.01), blood thrombocytes (-5.1%; P = 0.03), and ICAM-1 (-7.4%; P = 0.04) at 24 wk were also observed in the R-LA group than in placebo. CONCLUSIONS Long-term LA supplementation results in BMI loss, greater antioxidant enzyme synthesis, and less potential for inflammation in overweight adults. Improved cellular bioenergetics is also evident in some individuals given R-LA.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00765310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Clive Woffendin
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cliff Pereira
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Joseph A Vita
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas O Thomas
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Wallace T, Frankenfeld C, Frei B, Shah A, Yu CR, Klinken JWV, Adeleke M. Multivitamin Use Is Associated with Increased Micronutrient Intakes and Biomarkers and Decreased Prevalence of Inadequacies in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Micronutrient inadequacies are common in older adults. We sought to assess if multivitamin/multimineral supplement (MVM) use improved micronutrient intake and biomarker status among older adults enrolled in NHANES.
Methods
The National Cancer Institute Method was used to estimate usual intakes of 18 micronutrients stratified by age and frequency of MVM use. Insufficiency and deficiency prevalence were evaluated using nutrient biomarkers.
Results
Compared with food alone, MVM use was associated with higher nutrient intake and lower prevalence of inadequacies of almost all micronutrients exam- ined and improved nutrient biomarker status of folate, iodine, selenium, and vitamins B6, B12, and D. Regular MVM use (!16days/month) decreased the odds of clinical deficiency (defined by biomarker status) of vitamins B6 and D but increased the proportion exceeding the tolerable upper intake level of folic acid. Vitamin B6 deficiency in MVM non-users was common and increased with age.
Conclusions
Recommending MVM in the middle-aged and older adult population in the US may help to ensure opti- mal long-term nutritional status and contribute to health maintenance.
Funding Sources
GSK Consumer Healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University
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Astrup A, Cena H, Frei B, Hwalla NC. SUN-393 The Impact of Micronutrients on Cellular Metabolism and Healthy Aging. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7209454 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients are involved in nearly all cellular processes, inadequacies or deficiencies may accelerate cellular aging and increase risk for chronic diseases later in life.1 Optimizing micronutrient intake may help reduce the risk for developing certain age-related conditions/diseases, including osteopenia/osteoporosis,2 sarcopenia,3 falls,4 mild cognitive impairment,5 immunosenescence,6 impaired resilience,7 hypertension,8 cataracts,9 and age-related macular degeneration.10 The importance of calcium and vitamin D for maintaining bone health has been established,2 but these micronutrients may also be involved with muscle health and reducing the risk for falls and consequent bone fractures in later life.11 Vitamin D may also be involved in stress management and resilience.12 Vitamins C, D, and E, zinc, selenium, and other micronutrients are necessary for healthy immune system function,13,14 and vitamin E is important for cognition,15 immune competence,16 and eye health.10 Although these micronutrients are individually involved with these processes by acting as antioxidants, hormonal regulators of gene expression, or cofactors in enzymatic reactions, there are also important interactions between micronutrients to consider (eg, calcium/vitamin D in musculoskeletal health). Importantly, a significant proportion of the aging population does not meet the recommended intake of many micronutrients.17 Clinical trials on the benefits of micronutrient supplementation have not been conclusive, but adequate intake should be considered an essential component of comprehensive healthcare for older adults. References 1. Ames BN. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:17589–94 2. Nieves JW. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:1232s-9s 3. Stockton KA, et al. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:859–71 4. Shahar D, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;54:59–66 5. Barnes JL, et al. Nutr Rev. 2014;72:707–19 6. Cabrera AJ. Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis. 2015;5:25592 7. Rucklidge JJ, Blampied NM. NZ J Psychol. 2011;40:51–7 8. de Paula TP, et al. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40751 9. Weikel KA, et al. Nutr Rev. 2014;72:30–47 10. Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7:CD000254 11. Robinson SM, et al. Clin Nutr. 2018;37:1121–32 12. Bracha HS, et al. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;12:544–5 13. Puertollano MA, et al. Curr Top Med Chem. 2011;11:1752–66 14. Prietl B, et al. Nutrients. 2013;5:2502–21 15. Parker RS. In: Stipanuk MH, Caudill MA, eds. Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:670–82 16. Maijo M, et al. Mech Ageing Dev. 2014;136–137:116–28 17. Bugel S, Frei B. Care Weekly. 2019;3:1–12
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Balz Frei
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Díaz-Valdivia NI, Díaz J, Contreras P, Campos A, Rojas-Celis V, Burgos-Ravanal RA, Lobos-González L, Torres VA, Perez VI, Frei B, Leyton L, Quest AFG. The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase type 14 blocks caveolin-1-enhanced cancer cell metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:3693-3709. [PMID: 32152405 PMCID: PMC7190567 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) enhanced migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells is inhibited by co-expression of the glycoprotein E-cadherin. Although the two proteins form a multiprotein complex that includes β-catenin, it remained unclear how this would contribute to blocking the metastasis promoting function of CAV1. Here, we characterized by mass spectrometry the protein composition of CAV1 immunoprecipitates from B16F10 murine melanoma cells expressing or not E-cadherin. The novel protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 was identified by mass spectrometry analysis exclusively in co-immunoprecipitates of CAV1 with E-cadherin. Interestingly, PTPN14 is implicated in controlling metastasis, but only few known PTPN14 substrates exist. We corroborated by western blotting experiments that PTPN14 and CAV1 co-inmunoprecipitated in the presence of E-cadherin in B16F10 melanoma and other cancer cells. Moreover, the CAV1(Y14F) mutant protein was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with PTPN14 even in the absence of E-cadherin, and overexpression of PTPN14 reduced CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14, as well as suppressed CAV1-enhanced cell migration, invasion and Rac-1 activation in B16F10, metastatic colon [HT29(US)] and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Finally, PTPN14 overexpression in B16F10 cells reduced the ability of CAV1 to induce metastasis in vivo. In summary, we identify here CAV1 as a novel substrate for PTPN14 and show that overexpression of this phosphatase suffices to reduce CAV1-induced metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Díaz-Valdivia
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - América Campos
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Rojas-Celis
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato A Burgos-Ravanal
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana I Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Wallace TC, Frankenfeld CL, Frei B, Shah AV, Yu CR, van Klinken BJW, Adeleke M. Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement Use is Associated with Increased Micronutrient Intakes and Biomarkers and Decreased Prevalence of Inadequacies and Deficiencies in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 38:307-328. [PMID: 31502930 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2019.1656135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient inadequacies are common in older adults and using a multivitamin/multimineral supplement (MVM) may improve their nutritional status. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed to determine micronutrient intakes based on diet and MVM use in adults aged ≥51 years. Deficiencies were evaluated using nutrient biomarkers. The National Cancer Institute Method was used to estimate usual intakes of 18 micronutrients stratified by age and frequency of MVM use. Compared with food alone, MVM use was associated with higher nutrient intake and lower prevalence of inadequacies of almost all micronutrients examined and improved nutrient biomarker status of folate, iodine, selenium, and vitamins B6, B12, and D. Regular MVM use (≥16 days/month) decreased the odds of clinical deficiency (defined by biomarker status) of vitamins B6 and D but increased the proportion exceeding the tolerable upper intake level of folic acid. Vitamin B6 deficiency in MVM non-users was common and increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA.,Think Healthy Group, Inc. , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Cara L Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - Alpa V Shah
- Pfizer Consumer Healthcare , Madison , NJ , USA
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Michels AJ, Leonard SW, Uesugi SL, Bobe G, Frei B, Traber MG. Daily Consumption of Oregon Hazelnuts Affects α-Tocopherol Status in Healthy Older Adults: A Pre-Post Intervention Study. J Nutr 2018; 148:1924-1930. [PMID: 30517727 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate vitamin E and magnesium intakes are of concern for older adults owing to the associated incidence of age-related diseases. Objective This study was designed to determine the extent to which a 16-wk intervention with hazelnuts alters vitamin E and magnesium status in a group of older men and women, and used a pre-post intervention design without a control group to adjust for temporal changes. Methods Participants (n = 32 including 22 women; mean ± SD age: 63 ± 6 y) consumed hazelnuts (∼57 g/d) for 16 wk. Blood and urine samples and anthropomorphic measures were taken at the start and end of the intervention to determine plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol and serum concentrations of magnesium, lipids, glucose, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein along with urinary vitamin E metabolites; several other micronutrients were measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay. There were 3 primary endpoints, calculated as the mean changes in measurements between baseline and the end of the 16-wk intervention for 1) plasma α-tocopherol, 2) urinary α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC; an α-tocopherol metabolite), and 3) serum magnesium. Results Hazelnut consumption increased concentrations of the urinary α-tocopherol metabolite α-CEHC (mean ± SD: 0.84 ± 0.45 to 1.14 ± 0.50 µmol/g creatinine; P = 0.0006). In addition, hazelnut consumption increased serum concentrations of magnesium (+2.1%, P = 0.05), decreased concentrations of fasting glucose (-3.4%, P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (-6.0%, P = 0.02), and decreased total:HDL cholesterol ratios (-4.5%, P = 0.009). No significant changes were observed in blood pressure, lymphocyte proliferation assays, and serum concentrations of insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglyceride, α-tocopherol, or HDL cholesterol. Conclusions Consuming hazelnuts improves a biomarker of vitamin E status in older adults. Vitamin E is a shortfall micronutrient, as identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which frequently is consumed at levels less than the Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d; thus, hazelnuts should be considered as part of a healthy dietary pattern. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03485989.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Blumberg JB, Cena H, Barr SI, Biesalski HK, Dagach RU, Delaney B, Frei B, Moreno González MI, Hwalla N, Lategan-Potgieter R, McNulty H, van der Pols JC, Winichagoon P, Li D. The Use of Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements: A Modified Delphi Consensus Panel Report. Clin Ther 2018; 40:640-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Blumberg JB, Frei B, Fulgoni VL, Weaver CM, Zeisel SH. Contribution of Dietary Supplements to Nutritional Adequacy in Various Adult Age Groups. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121325. [PMID: 29211007 PMCID: PMC5748775 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Americans have inadequate intakes of several nutrients. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 specifically identified vitamins A, C, D and E, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, choline and fiber as “underconsumed nutrients”. Based on nationally representative data in 10,698 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2009–2012, assessments were made of age-group differences in the impact of dietary supplements on nutrient intake and inadequacies. Compared to food alone, use of any dietary supplement plus food was associated with significantly (p < 0.01) higher intakes of 15–16 of 19 nutrients examined in all age groups; and significantly reduced rates of inadequacy for 10/17, 8/17 and 6/17 nutrients examined among individuals age ≥71, 51–70 and 19–50 years, respectively. Compared to the other age groups, older adults (≥71 years) had lower rates of inadequacy for iron and vitamins A, C, D and E, but higher rates for calcium. An increased prevalence of intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level was seen for 8–9 of 13 nutrients, but were mostly less than 5% of the population. In conclusion, dietary supplement use is associated with increased micronutrient intake, decreased inadequacies, and slight increases in prevalence above the UL, with greater benefits seen among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | | | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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Blumberg JB, Frei B, Fulgoni VL, Weaver CM, Zeisel SH. Vitamin and Mineral Intake Is Inadequate for Most Americans: What Should We Advise Patients About Supplements? J Fam Pract 2016; 65:S1-S8. [PMID: 27672694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This supplement examines the role of vitamin and mineral supplements in increasing nutrient intake and reducing nutrient deficiencies and inadequacies. Although research is needed to study the effects of dietary supplements on chronic disease outcomes, US health care providers need to know how to advise their patients about adding vitamins and minerals to their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Li C, Zhang WJ, Frei B. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced adhesion molecule expression and oxidant production in human aortic endothelial cells by p38-mediated Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme induction. Redox Biol 2016; 9:104-113. [PMID: 27454768 PMCID: PMC4961307 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke, is an inflammatory disease of arteries in a hyperlipidemic milieu. Endothelial expression of cellular adhesion molecules, such as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The dietary flavonoid, quercetin, has been reported to inhibit expression of cellular adhesion molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we found that quercetin dose-dependently (5–20 µM) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Incubation of HAEC with quercetin also significantly reduced LPS-induced oxidant production, but did not inhibit activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Furthermore, quercetin induced activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequent mRNA and protein expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. The induction of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes was partly inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) inhibitor, SB203580. Our results suggest that quercetin suppresses LPS-induced oxidant production and adhesion molecule expression by inducing Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme expression, which is partially mediated by p38; and the inhibitory effect of quercetin on adhesion molecule expression is not due to inhibition of NF-κB activation, but instead due to antioxidant-independent effects of HO-1. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced oxidant production and adhesion molecule expression. Quercetin activates p38 MAP kinase and Nrf2, upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 rather than NF-κB may account for quercetin’s anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Angelo G, Drake VJ, Frei B. Efficacy of Multivitamin/mineral Supplementation to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk: A Critical Review of the Evidence from Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1968-91. [PMID: 24941429 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.912199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed recent scientific evidence regarding the effects of multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements on risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related eye diseases. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational, prospective cohort studies were examined. The majority of scientific studies investigating the use of MVM supplements in chronic disease risk reduction reported no significant effect. However, the largest and longest RCT of MVM supplements conducted to date, the Physicians' Health Study II (PHS II), found a modest and significant reduction in total and epithelial cancer incidence in male physicians, consistent with the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) trial. In addition, PHS II found a modest and significant reduction in the incidence of nuclear cataract, in agreement with several other RCTs and observational, prospective cohort studies. The effects of MVM use on other subtypes of cataract and age-related macular degeneration remain unclear. Neither RCTs nor prospective cohort studies are without their limitations. The placebo-controlled trial design of RCTs may be inadequate for nutrient interventions, and residual confounding, measurement error, and the possibility of reverse causality are inherent to any observational study. National surveys show that micronutrient inadequacies are widespread in the US and that dietary supplements, of which MVMs are the most common type, help fulfill micronutrient requirements in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana Angelo
- a Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA
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Kerr DCR, Zava DT, Piper WT, Saturn SR, Frei B, Gombart AF. Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:46-51. [PMID: 25791903 PMCID: PMC4420707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There have been few studies of whether vitamin D insufficiency is linked with depression in healthy young women despite women׳s high rates of both problems. Female undergraduates (n=185) living in the Pacific Northwest during fall, winter, and spring academic terms completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale weekly for 4 weeks (W1-W5). We measured serum levels of vitamin D3 and C (ascorbate; as a control variable) in blood samples collected at W1 and W5. Vitamin D insufficiency (<30ng/mL) was common at W1 (42%) and W5 (46%), and rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) were 34-42% at W1-W5. Lower W1 vitamin D3 predicted clinically significant depressive symptoms across W1-W5 (β=-0.20, p<0.05), controlling for season, BMI, race/ethnicity, diet, exercise, and time outside. There was some evidence that lower levels of depressive symptoms in Fall participants (vs. Winter and Spring) were explained by their higher levels of vitamin D3. W1 depressive symptoms did not predict change in vitamin D3 levels from W1 to W5. Findings are consistent with a temporal association between low levels of vitamin D and clinically meaningful depressive symptoms. The preventive value of supplementation should be tested further.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. R. Kerr
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University,Corresponding author; ; 213 Reed Lodge, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA; Phone (541) 737-1364
| | | | | | | | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University
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Michels A, Yu D, Frei B. Selective Delivery of Copper Enhances Cytotoxicity of Millimolar Concentrations of Ascorbate towards Cancer Cells. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.263.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUnited States
| | - David Yu
- Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUnited States
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUnited States
- Biochemistry and BiophysicsOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUnited States
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Cavender G, Liu M, Hobbs D, Frei B, Strik B, Zhao Y. Effects of Different Organic Weed Management Strategies on the Physicochemical, Sensory, and Antioxidant Properties of Machine-Harvested Blackberry Fruits. J Food Sci 2014; 79:S2107-16. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Cavender
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Oregon State Univ; 100 Wiegand Hall Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Oregon State Univ; 100 Wiegand Hall Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Deborah Hobbs
- The Linus Pauling Institute; 307 Linus Pauling Science Center Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Balz Frei
- The Linus Pauling Institute; 307 Linus Pauling Science Center Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Bernadine Strik
- Dept. of Horticulture; Oregon State Univ; 4017 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Oregon State Univ; 100 Wiegand Hall Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
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McEvoy CT, Schilling D, Clay N, Jackson K, Go MD, Spitale P, Bunten C, Leiva M, Gonzales D, Hollister-Smith J, Durand M, Frei B, Sonia Buist A, Peters D, Morris CD, Spindel ER. Vitamin C Supplementation for Pregnant Smoking Women and Pulmonary Function in Their Newborn Infants. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000455017.77440.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McEvoy CT, Schilling D, Clay N, Jackson K, Go MD, Spitale P, Bunten C, Leiva M, Gonzales D, Hollister-Smith J, Durand M, Frei B, Buist AS, Peters D, Morris CD, Spindel ER. Vitamin C supplementation for pregnant smoking women and pulmonary function in their newborn infants: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 311:2074-82. [PMID: 24838476 PMCID: PMC4296045 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Maternal smoking during pregnancy adversely affects offspring lung development, with lifelong decreases in pulmonary function and increased asthma risk. In a primate model, vitamin C blocked some of the in-utero effects of nicotine on lung development and offspring pulmonary function. OBJECTIVE To determine if newborns of pregnant smokers randomized to receive daily vitamin C would have improved results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and decreased wheezing compared with those randomized to placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, double-blind trial conducted in 3 sites in the Pacific Northwest between March 2007 and January 2011. One hundred fifty-nine newborns of randomized pregnant smokers (76 vitamin C treated and 83 placebo treated) and 76 newborns of pregnant nonsmokers were studied with newborn PFTs. Follow-up assessment including wheezing was assessed through age 1 year, and PFTs were performed at age 1 year. INTERVENTIONS Pregnant women were randomized to receive vitamin C (500 mg/d) (n = 89) or placebo (n = 90). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was measurement of newborn pulmonary function (ratio of the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time [TPTEF:TE] and passive respiratory compliance per kilogram [Crs/kg]) within 72 hours of age. Secondary outcomes included incidence of wheezing through age 1 year and PFT results at age 1 year. A subgroup of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers had genotyping performed. RESULTS Newborns of women randomized to vitamin C (n = 76), compared with those randomized to placebo (n = 83), had improved pulmonary function as measured by TPTEF:TE (0.383 vs 0.345 [adjusted 95% CI for difference, 0.011-0.062]; P = .006) and Crs/kg (1.32 vs 1.20 mL/cm H2O/kg [95% CI, 0.02-0.20]; P = .01). Offspring of women randomized to vitamin C had significantly decreased wheezing through age 1 year (15/70 [21%] vs 31/77 [40%]; relative risk, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.33-0.95]; P = .03). There were no significant differences in the 1-year PFT results between the vitamin C and placebo groups. The effect of maternal smoking on newborn lung function was associated with maternal genotype for the α5 nicotinic receptor (rs16969968) (P < .001 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Supplemental vitamin C taken by pregnant smokers improved newborn PFT results and decreased wheezing through 1 year in the offspring. Vitamin C in pregnant smokers may be an inexpensive and simple approach to decrease the effects of smoking in pregnancy on newborn pulmonary function and respiratory morbidities. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00632476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy T. McEvoy
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Diane Schilling
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nakia Clay
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Keith Jackson
- PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center, 400 N.E. Mother Joseph Place, Vancouver, WA, 98664, USA
| | - Mitzi D. Go
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Patricia Spitale
- PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center, 400 N.E. Mother Joseph Place, Vancouver, WA, 98664, USA
| | - Carol Bunten
- Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87 Ave, Vancouver, WA, 98664, USA
| | - Maria Leiva
- Providence Maternal Care Clinic, 2705 E. Burnside St, Portland, OR 97214, USA
| | - David Gonzales
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Julie Hollister-Smith
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 N.W. 185 Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Manuel Durand
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, LAC-USC Medical Center, 1200 N. State Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - A. Sonia Buist
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Dawn Peters
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Morris
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Eliot R. Spindel
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, LAC-USC Medical Center, 1200 N. State Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Michels AJ, Frei B. Myths, artifacts, and fatal flaws: identifying limitations and opportunities in vitamin C research. Nutrients 2013; 5:5161-92. [PMID: 24352093 PMCID: PMC3875932 DOI: 10.3390/nu5125161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research progress to understand the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in human health has been slow in coming. This is predominantly the result of several flawed approaches to study design, often lacking a full appreciation of the redox chemistry and biology of ascorbic acid. In this review, we summarize our knowledge surrounding the limitations of common approaches used in vitamin C research. In human cell culture, the primary issues are the high oxygen environment, presence of redox-active transition metal ions in culture media, and the use of immortalized cell lines grown in the absence of supplemental ascorbic acid. Studies in animal models are also limited due to the presence of endogenous ascorbic acid synthesis. Despite the use of genetically altered rodent strains lacking synthesis capacity, there are additional concerns that these models do not adequately recapitulate the effects of vitamin C deprivation and supplementation observed in humans. Lastly, several flaws in study design endemic to randomized controlled trials and other human studies greatly limit their conclusions and impact. There also is anecdotal evidence of positive and negative health effects of vitamin C that are widely accepted but have not been substantiated. Only with careful attention to study design and experimental detail can we further our understanding of the possible roles of vitamin C in promoting human health and preventing or treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Abstract
Endothelial activation with increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules and chemokines critically contributes to vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Redox-active transition metal ions play an important role in vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the role of copper in endothelial activation and the potential anti-inflammatory effects of copper chelation by tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Incubating HAECs with cupric sulfate dose- and time-dependently increased mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Copper also activated the redox-sensitive transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), which was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with TTM. Furthermore, TTM dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, as well as mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1, which was abolished by preincubating the cells with 5 µM TTM and 15 µM cupric sulfate. The inhibitory effect of TTM on TNFα-induced NF-κB activation was associated with decreased phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. These data suggest that intracellular copper causes activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and upregulation of inflammatory mediators in endothelial cells. Copper chelation by TTM may attenuate TNFα-induced endothelial activation and, hence, inhibit vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Michels AJ, Hagen TM, Frei B. Human genetic variation influences vitamin C homeostasis by altering vitamin C transport and antioxidant enzyme function. Annu Rev Nutr 2013; 33:45-70. [PMID: 23642198 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
New evidence for the regulation of vitamin C homeostasis has emerged from several studies of human genetic variation. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding sodium-dependent vitamin C transport proteins are strongly associated with plasma ascorbate levels and likely impact tissue cellular vitamin C status. Furthermore, genetic variants of proteins that suppress oxidative stress or detoxify oxidatively damaged biomolecules, i.e., haptoglobin, glutathione-S-transferases, and possibly manganese superoxide dismutase, affect ascorbate levels in the human body. There also is limited evidence for a role of glucose transport proteins. In this review, we examine the extent of the variation in these genes, their impact on vitamin C status, and their potential role in altering chronic disease risk. We conclude that future epidemiological studies should take into account genetic variation in order to successfully determine the role of vitamin C nutriture or supplementation in human vitamin C status and chronic disease risk.
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Kaiser MC, Rajendran P, Dashwood MW, Levine MA, Michaels A, Frei B, Dashwood RH. An epigenetic perspective on pharmacologic ascorbate in colon cancer. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.248.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Environmental and Molecular ToxicologyLinus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
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Burn A, Muralt M, Pilz S, Romano V, Witte R, Frei B, Buecheler S, Nishiwaki S, Krainer L. All Fiber Laser Scribing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Modules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guedes RNC, Matheson SM, Frei B, Smith ML, Yack JE. Vibration detection and discrimination in the masked birch caterpillar (Drepana arcuata). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2012; 198:325-35. [PMID: 22302526 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-012-0711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leaf-borne vibrations are potentially important to caterpillars for communication and risk assessment. Yet, little is known about the vibratory environment of caterpillars, or how they detect and discriminate between vibrations from relevant and non-relevant sources. We measured the vibratory ‘landscape’ of the territorial masked birch caterpillar Drepana arcuata (Drepanidae), and assessed its ability to detect and respond to vibrations generated by conspecific and predatory intruders, wind and rain. Residents of leaf shelters were shown to respond to low amplitude vibrations generated by a crawling conspecific intruder, since removal of the vibrations through leaf incision prevented the resident’s response. Residents did not respond to large amplitude, low frequency disturbances caused by wind and rain alone, but did respond to approaching conspecifics under windy conditions, indicating an ability to discriminate between these sources. Residents also responded differently in the presence of vibrations generated by approaching predators (Podisus) and conspecifics. An analysis of vibration characteristics suggests that despite significant overlap between vibrations from different sources, there are differences in frequency and amplitude characteristics that caterpillars may use to discriminate between sources. Caterpillars live in a vibration-rich environment that we argue forms a prominent part of the sensory world of substrate bound holometabolous larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N C Guedes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Dixon BM, Barker T, McKinnon T, Cuomo J, Frei B, Borregaard N, Gombart AF. Positive correlation between circulating cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18/LL-37) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy adults. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:575. [PMID: 23095332 PMCID: PMC3532295 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by binding of the bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, to the vitamin D receptor. Significant levels of the protein hCAP18/LL-37 are found in the blood and may protect against infection and/or sepsis. We hypothesized that serum vitamin D levels may modulate the circulating levels of hCAP18. Only three studies have shown a positive correlation between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hCAP18 levels. Here we provide additional evidence for such a correlation in healthy, middle-aged adults. Findings Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and plasma levels of hCAP18 were determined in 19 healthy middle-aged (mean of 50.1 years) adult men and women. Plasma hCAP18 concentrations correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in subjects with 25(OH)D levels ≤ 32 ng/ml (r = 0.81, p < 0.005) but not in subjects with concentrations > 32 ng/ml (r = 0.19, p = 0.63). Conclusions We conclude that plasma hCAP18 levels correlate with serum 25(OH)D levels in subjects with concentrations of 25(OH)D ≤ 32 ng/ml as opposed to those with concentrations > 32 ng/ml and that vitamin D status may regulate systemic levels of hCAP18/LL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Dixon
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc, 3838 West Parkway Boulevard, Salt Lake City UT 84120, USA
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Abstract
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin C has traditionally been based on the prevention of the vitamin C deficiency disease, scurvy. While higher intakes of vitamin C may exert additional health benefits, the limited Phase III randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin C supplementation have not found consistent benefit with respect to chronic disease prevention. To date, this has precluded upward adjustments of the current RDA. Here we argue that Phase III RCTs-designed principally to test the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs-are ill suited to assess the health benefits of essential nutrients; and the currently available scientific evidence is sufficient to determine the optimum intake of vitamin C in humans. This evidence establishes biological plausibility and mechanisms of action for vitamin C in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer; and is buttressed by consistent data from prospective cohort studies based on blood analysis or dietary intake and well-designed Phase II RCTs. These RCTs show that vitamin C supplementation lowers hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and Helicobacter pylori infection, which are independent risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. Furthermore, vitamin C acts as a biological antioxidant that can lower elevated levels of oxidative stress, which also may contribute to chronic disease prevention. Based on the combined evidence from human metabolic, pharmacokinetic, and observational studies and Phase II RCTs, we conclude that 200 mg per day is the optimum dietary intake of vitamin C for the majority of the adult population to maximize the vitamin's potential health benefits with the least risk of inadequacy or adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Yilmazer-Musa M, Griffith AM, Michels AJ, Schneider E, Frei B. Grape seed and tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates are potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:8924-9. [PMID: 22697360 PMCID: PMC4356113 DOI: 10.1021/jf301147n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of plant-based extracts (grape seed, green tea, and white tea) and their constituent flavan-3-ol monomers (catechins) on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, two key glucosidases required for starch digestion in humans. To evaluate the relative potency of extracts and catechins, their concentrations required for 50 and 90% inhibition of enzyme activity were determined and compared to the widely used pharmacological glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose. Maximum enzyme inhibition was used to assess relative inhibitory efficacy. Results showed that grape seed extract strongly inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, with equal and much higher potency, respectively, than acarbose. Whereas tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates were less effective inhibitors of α-amylase, they were potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Nongallated catechins were ineffective. The data show that plant extracts containing catechin 3-gallates, in particular epigallocatechin gallate, are potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase activity and suggest that procyanidins in grape seed extract strongly inhibit α-amylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anneke M. Griffith
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Erik Schneider
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84120, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Wei H, Zhang WJ, McMillen TS, Leboeuf RC, Frei B. Copper chelation by tetrathiomolybdate inhibits vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:306-13. [PMID: 22770994 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial activation, which is characterized by upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and consequent monocyte recruitment to the arterial intima are etiologic factors in atherosclerosis. Redox-active transition metal ions, such as copper and iron, may play an important role in endothelial activation by stimulating redox-sensitive cell signaling pathways. We have shown previously that copper chelation by tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) inhibits LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo. Here, we investigated whether TTM can inhibit atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice. We found that 10-week treatment of apoE-/- mice with TTM (33-66 ppm in the diet) reduced serum levels of the copper-containing protein, ceruloplasmin, by 47%, and serum iron by 26%. Tissue levels of "bioavailable" copper, assessed by the copper-to-molybdenum ratio, decreased by 80% in aorta and heart, whereas iron levels of these tissues were not affected by TTM treatment. Furthermore, TTM significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion development in whole aorta by 25% and descending aorta by 45% compared to non-TTM treated apoE-/- mice. This anti-atherogenic effect of TTM was accompanied by several anti-inflammatory effects, i.e., significantly decreased serum levels of soluble vascular cell and intercellular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1); reduced aortic gene expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; and significantly less aortic accumulation of M1 type macrophages. In contrast, serum levels of oxidized LDL were not reduced by TTM. These data indicate that TTM inhibits atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice by reducing bioavailable copper and vascular inflammation, not by altering iron homeostasis or reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Bowman GL, Silbert LC, Howieson D, Dodge HH, Traber MG, Frei B, Kaye JA, Shannon J, Quinn JF. Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and MRI measures of brain aging. Neurology 2011; 78:241-9. [PMID: 22205763 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182436598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the cross-sectional relationship between nutrient status and psychometric and imaging indices of brain health in dementia-free elders. METHODS Thirty plasma biomarkers of diet were assayed in the Oregon Brain Aging Study cohort (n = 104). Principal component analysis constructed nutrient biomarker patterns (NBPs) and regression models assessed the relationship of these with cognitive and MRI outcomes. RESULTS Mean age was 87 ± 10 years and 62% of subjects were female. Two NBPs associated with more favorable cognitive and MRI measures: one high in plasma vitamins B (B1, B2, B6, folate, and B12), C, D, and E, and another high in plasma marine ω-3 fatty acids. A third pattern characterized by high trans fat was associated with less favorable cognitive function and less total cerebral brain volume. Depression attenuated the relationship between the marine ω-3 pattern and white matter hyperintensity volume. CONCLUSION Distinct nutrient biomarker patterns detected in plasma are interpretable and account for a significant degree of variance in both cognitive function and brain volume. Objective and multivariate approaches to the study of nutrition in brain health warrant further study. These findings should be confirmed in a separate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
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Finlay LA, Michels AJ, Butler JA, Smith EJ, Monette JS, Moreau RF, Petersen SK, Frei B, Hagen TM. R-α-lipoic acid does not reverse hepatic inflammation of aging, but lowers lipid anabolism, while accentuating circadian rhythm transcript profiles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 302:R587-97. [PMID: 22049228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00393.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of age and lipoic acid supplementation on hepatic gene expression, we fed young (3 mo) and old (24 mo) male Fischer 344 rats a diet with or without 0.2% (wt/wt) R-α-lipoic acid (LA) for 2 wk. Total RNA isolated from liver tissue was analyzed by Affymetrix microarray to examine changes in transcriptional profiles. Results showed elevated proinflammatory gene expression in the aging liver and evidence for increased immune cell activation and tissue remodeling, together representing 45% of the age-related transcriptome changes. In addition, age-related increases in transcripts of genes related to fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol synthesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase-β (Acacb) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn), were observed. Supplementation of old animals with LA did not reverse the necroinflammatory phenotype but, intriguingly, altered the expression of genes governing circadian rhythm. Most notably, Arntl, Npas2, and Per changed in a coordinated manner with respect to rhythmic transcription. LA further caused a decrease in transcripts of several bile acid and lipid synthesis genes, including Acacb and Fasn, which are regulated by first-order clock transcription factors. Similar effects of LA supplementation on bile acid and lipid synthesis genes were observed in young animals. Transcript changes of lipid metabolism genes were corroborated by a decrease in FASN and ACC protein levels. We conclude that advanced age is associated with a necroinflammatory phenotype and increased lipid synthesis, while chronic LA supplementation influences hepatic genes associated with lipid and energy metabolism and circadian rhythm, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A Finlay
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Lotito SB, Zhang WJ, Yang CS, Crozier A, Frei B. Metabolic conversion of dietary flavonoids alters their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:454-63. [PMID: 21571063 PMCID: PMC3119369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The notion that dietary flavonoids exert beneficial health effects in humans is often based on in vitro studies using the glycoside or aglycone forms of these flavonoids. However, flavonoids are extensively metabolized in humans, resulting in the formation of glucuronide, methyl, and sulfate derivatives, which may have different properties than their parent compounds. The goal of this study was to investigate whether different chemical modifications of the same flavonoid molecule affect its biological and antioxidant activities. Hence, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of several major human metabolites of quercetin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) by assessing their inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced protein expression of cellular adhesion molecules in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). HAEC were incubated with 1-30 μM quercetin, 3'- or 4'-O-methyl-quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and quercetin-3'-O-sulfate or 20-100 μM EGCG, 4''-O-methyl-EGCG, and 4',4''-di-O-methyl-EGCG, prior to coincubation with 100 U/ml of TNFα. 3'-O-Methyl-quercetin, 4'-O-methyl-quercetin, and their parent aglycone compound, quercetin, all effectively inhibited expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with IC(50) values (concentration required for 50% inhibition) of 8.0, 5.0, and 4.4 μM, respectively; E-selectin expression was suppressed to a somewhat lesser but still significant degree by all three compounds, whereas vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was not affected. In contrast, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (20-100 μM), quercetin-3'-O-sulfate (10-30 μM), and phenolic acid metabolites of quercetin (20-100 μM) did not inhibit adhesion molecule expression. 4',4''-Di-O-methyl-EGCG selectively inhibited ICAM-1 expression with an IC(50) value of 94 μM, whereas EGCG (20-60 μM) and 4''-O-methyl-EGCG (20-100 μM) had no effect. The inhibitory effects of 3'-O-methyl-quercetin and 4',4''-di-O-methyl-EGCG on adhesion molecule expression were not related either to inhibition of NF-κB activation or to their antioxidant reducing capacity. Our data indicate that flavonoid metabolites have different biological and antioxidant properties than their parent compounds, and suggest that data from in vitro studies using nonmetabolites of flavonoids are of limited relevance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina B. Lotito
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Alan Crozier
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Wei H, Frei B, Beckman JS, Zhang WJ. Copper chelation by tetrathiomolybdate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H712-20. [PMID: 21724870 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01299.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active transition metal ions, such as iron and copper, may play an important role in vascular inflammation, which is an etiologic factor in atherosclerotic vascular diseases. In this study, we investigated whether tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), a highly specific copper chelator, can act as an anti-inflammatory agent, preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in vivo. Female C57BL/6N mice were daily gavaged with TTM (30 mg/kg body wt) or vehicle control. After 3 wk, animals were injected intraperitoneally with 50 μg LPS or saline buffer and killed 3 h later. Treatment with TTM reduced serum ceruloplasmin activity by 43%, a surrogate marker of bioavailable copper, in the absence of detectable hepatotoxicity. The concentrations of both copper and molybdenum increased in various tissues, whereas the copper-to-molybdenum ratio decreased, consistent with reduced copper bioavailability. TTM treatment did not have a significant effect on superoxide dismutase activity in heart and liver. Furthermore, TTM significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory gene transcription in aorta and heart, including vascular and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, respectively), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (ANOVA, P < 0.05); consistently, protein levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 in heart were also significantly lower in TTM-treated animals. Similar inhibitory effects of TTM were observed on activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in heart and lungs. Finally, TTM significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases of serum levels of soluble ICAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α (ANOVA, P < 0.05). These data indicate that copper chelation with TTM inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in aorta and other tissues of mice, most likely by inhibiting activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1. Therefore, copper appears to play an important role in vascular inflammation, and TTM may have value as an anti-inflammatory or anti-atherogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Zhang WJ, Wei H, Tien YT, Frei B. Genetic ablation of phagocytic NADPH oxidase in mice limits TNFα-induced inflammation in the lungs but not other tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1517-25. [PMID: 21376114 PMCID: PMC3090478 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and limited in vivo evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidases (NOX-ROS) play an important role in inflammatory responses by enhancing the activity of redox-sensitive cell signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we investigated the role of NOX-ROS in TNFα-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo, using mice deficient in the gp91(phox) (NOX2) or p47(phox) subunits of NADPH oxidase. Age- and body weight-matched C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and gp91(phox) or p47(phox) knockout mice were injected intraperitoneally with 50 μg TNFα/kg bw or saline vehicle control and sacrificed at various time points up to 24 h. Compared to WT mice, gp91(phox -/-) mice exhibited significantly diminished (P<0.05) TNFα-induced acute inflammatory responses in the lungs but not other tissues, including heart, liver, and kidney, as evidenced by decreased activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB, and decreased gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNFα, E-selectin, and other cellular adhesion molecules. Similar results were observed in p47(phox -/-) mice. Interestingly, decreased lung inflammation in knockout mice was accompanied by increased leukocyte infiltration into the lungs compared to other tissues. Our data suggest that phagocytic NOX-ROS signaling plays a critical role in promoting TNFα-induced, NF-κB-dependent acute inflammatory responses and tissue injury specifically in the lungs, which is effected by preferential leukocyte infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, and
| | - Hao Wei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ying-Tzang Tien
- Histopathology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, and
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Bowman GL, Quinn JF, Shannon J, Dodge H, Frei B, Kaye J, Howieson D. Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and MRI measures of brain aging: a proof of principle study. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gene L. Bowman
- Neurology
- Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR
| | | | - Jackilen Shannon
- Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR
| | | | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
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Zhu BZ, Mao L, Fan RM, Zhu JG, Zhang YN, Wang J, Kalyanaraman B, Frei B. Ergothioneine Prevents Copper-Induced Oxidative Damage to DNA and Protein by Forming a Redox-Inactive Ergothioneine−Copper Complex. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 24:30-4. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100214t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Rui-Mei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Jun-Ge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Ying-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
| | - Balz Frei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States, and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548, United States
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Wu R, Frei B, Kennedy JA, Zhao Y. Effects of refrigerated storage and processing technologies on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of ‘Marion’ and ‘Evergreen’ blackberries. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li L, Smith A, Hagen TM, Frei B. Vascular oxidative stress and inflammation increase with age: ameliorating effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1203:151-9. [PMID: 20716298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and inflammation causally contribute to cardiovascular diseases, for which advanced age is a major risk factor. We found that indicators of oxidative stress, including NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide levels, were significantly increased in aortas of old (22-24 months) versus young (3-4 months) male F344 rats, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased. Aortic mRNA and protein levels of NOX4, the principal catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase in vascular cells, also were increased with age, but not NOX2 and p22(phox). Indicators of inflammation, including activation of NFkappaB and upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in aorta, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in plasma, also were significantly increased in old rats. Supplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) (R)-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) for 2 weeks caused a nonsignificant decrease in NADPH oxidase activity in aged aorta and a significant decrease in mRNA--but not protein--levels of NOX4 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, LA reversed the age-dependent changes in aortic SOD activity and plasma MCP-1 levels. Hence, vascular oxidative stress and inflammation increase with age and are ameliorated by LA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Frei B, Schweizer WB, Wolf HR, Jeger O. Zur photoinduzierten Spaltung α,β-ungesättigter γ,δ-Epoxy-Ester II: Der Einfluss einer Methyliden-Gruppe in ϵ-Stellung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19790980506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Michels AJ, Hagen TM, Frei B. A new twist on an old vitamin: human polymorphisms in the gene encoding the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:271-2. [PMID: 20592130 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Oxidative damage is a consistent finding in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Uric acid (UA) is a potent hydrophilic antioxidant that is modified by diet and drug. Several lines of evidence suggest that plasma UA may modulate outcomes in neurologic disease, but little attention has been paid to CNS levels of UA. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) UA is determined by plasma UA, modified by blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and associated with rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, since UA and ascorbic acid may act as antioxidants for one another, we also explored a potential interaction between them in the brain. Thirty-two patients with mild to moderate AD (Mini-Mental Status Exam 19 +/- 5) participated in a longitudinal biomarker study for one year involving standardized clinical assessments. CSF and blood were collected at baseline for UA, ascorbic acid, and albumin. Cognitive measures were collected at baseline and again one year later. CSF UA was independent of age, gender, and AD severity. CSF and plasma UA were positively correlated (r=0.669, p=0.001) and BBB impairment was associated with higher CSF levels of UA (p=0.028). Neither plasma nor CSF UA reached significant association with rates of cognitive decline over 1 year. CSF UA and CSF ascorbic acid were positively correlated (r=0.388, p=0.001). The hypothesis that CSF UA is determined by plasma UA and BBB integrity is supported, as is the hypothesis that UA and ascorbic acid are associated in CSF but not plasma. Adequately powered prospective studies would help assess any role for UA in primary and secondary prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene L Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Layton Center for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Zhang WJ, Wei H, Frei B. The iron chelator, desferrioxamine, reduces inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion development in experimental mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:633-41. [PMID: 20463304 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation and monocyte recruitment are initiating events in atherosclerosis that have been suggested to be caused, in part, by iron-mediated oxidative stress and shifts in the intracellular redox environment of vascular cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the intracellular iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), reduces inflammation and atherosclerosis in experimental mice. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with DFO (daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg body weight for two weeks) strongly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced increases of soluble cellular adhesion molecules and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the serum and activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1, in the aorta. Furthermore, treatment of apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice with DFO (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, daily for 10 weeks) attenuated aortic atherosclerotic lesion development by 26% (P < 0.05). DFO treatment of apoE-/- mice also lowered serum levels of MCP-1 and gene expression of proinflammatory and macrophage markers in the aorta and heart, in parallel with increased protein expression of the transferrin receptor in the heart and liver. In contrast, DFO treatment had no effect on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These data show that DFO inhibits inflammation and atherosclerosis in experimental mice, providing the proof-of-concept for an important role of iron in atherogenesis. Whether eliminating excess iron is a useful adjunct for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis in humans remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Abstract
Tropolones, the naturally occurring compounds responsible for the durability of heartwood of several cupressaceous trees, have been shown to possess both metal chelating and antioxidant properties. However, little is known about the ability of tropolone and its derivatives to protect cultured cells from oxidative stress-mediated damage. In this study, the effect of tropolones on hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis was investigated in cultured Jurkat cells. Tropolone, added to the cells 15 min before the addition of glucose oxidase, provided a dose dependent protection against hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage. The IC50 value observed was about 15 microM for tropolone. Similar dose dependent protection was also observed with three other tropolone derivatives such as trimethylcolchicinic acid, purpurogallin and beta-thujaplicin (the IC50 values were 34, 70 and 74 microM, respectively), but not with colchicine and tetramethyl purpurogallin ester. Hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis was also inhibited by tropolone. However, in the absence of exogenous H2O2 but in the presence of non-toxic concentrations of exogenous iron (100 microM Fe3+), tropolone dramatically increased the formation of single strand breaks at molar ratios of tropolone to iron lower than 3 to 1, while, when the ratio increased over 3, no toxicity was observed. In conclusion, the results presented in this study indicate that the protection offered by tropolone against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis was due to formation of a redox-inactive iron complex, while its enhancement of iron-mediated DNA damage at ratios of [tropolone]/[Fe3+] lower than 3, was due to formation of a lipophilic iron complex which facilitates iron transport through cell membrane in a redox-active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina Medical School, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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47
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Roberts LJ, Traber MG, Frei B. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer in men. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1558. [PMID: 19285130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Bowman GL, Dodge H, Frei B, Calabrese C, Oken BS, Kaye JA, Quinn JF. Ascorbic acid and rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:93-8. [PMID: 19158425 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The brain maintains high levels of ascorbic acid (AA) despite a concentration gradient favoring diffusion from brain to peripheral tissues. Dietary antioxidants, including AA, appear to modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that neurodegeneration in AD is modified by brain levels of AA. Thirty-two patients with mild to moderate AD participated in a biomarker study involving standardized clinical assessments over one year. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were collected at baseline for AA and albumin content. Cognitive measures were collected at baseline and one year. CSF and plasma AA failed to predict cognitive decline independently, however, CSF: plasma AA ratio did. After adding CSF Albumin Index (an established marker of blood-brain barrier integrity) to the regression models the effect of CSF: plasma AA ratio as a predictor of cognitive decline was weakened. CSF: plasma AA ratio predicts rate of decline in AD. This relationship may indicate that the CSF: plasma AA ratio is an index of AA availability to the brain or may be an artifact of a relationship between blood-brain barrier impairment and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene L Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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49
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Zhang WJ, Wei H, Frei B. Genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase does not diminish, but rather enhances, LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:791-8. [PMID: 19124074 PMCID: PMC2659145 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are thought to play a central role in the etiology of cell dysfunction and tissue damage in sepsis. However, there is limited and controversial evidence from in vivo studies that ROS mediate cell signaling processes that elicit acute inflammatory responses during sepsis. Because NADPH oxidase is one of the main cellular sources of ROS, we investigated the role of this enzyme in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation in vivo, utilizing mice deficient in the gp91(phox) or p47(phox) subunits of NADPH oxidase. Age-and body weight-matched C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and gp91(phox-/-) and p47(phox-/-) mice were injected ip with 50 microg LPS or saline vehicle and sacrificed at various time points up to 24 h. We found that LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in serum and tissues were not significantly diminished in gp91(phox-/-) and p47(phox-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Rather, genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase was associated with enhanced gene expression of inflammatory mediators and increased neutrophil recruitment to lung and heart. Furthermore, no protection from LPS-induced septic death was observed in either knockout strain. Our findings suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production and cellular redox signaling do not promote, but instead limit, LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571, Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, E-mail: and
| | | | - Balz Frei
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571, Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, E-mail: and
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50
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Li L, Frei B. Prolonged exposure to LPS increases iron, heme, and p22phox levels and NADPH oxidase activity in human aortic endothelial cells: inhibition by desferrioxamine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:732-8. [PMID: 19251588 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.183210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular oxidative stress and inflammation are contributing factors in atherosclerosis. We recently found that the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), suppresses NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and expression of cellular adhesion molecules in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of the present study was to investigate whether and how LPS and iron enhance, and DFO inhibits, NADPH oxidase activity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of HAECs for 24 hours with 5 microg/mL LPS led to a 4-fold increase in NADPH oxidase activity, which was strongly suppressed by pretreatment of the cells for 24 hours with 100 micromol/L DFO. Incubating HAECs with LPS also significantly increased cellular iron and heme levels and mRNA and protein levels of p22phox, a heme-containing, catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase. All of these effects of LPS on HAECs were strongly inhibited by DFO. Exposing HAECs to 100 micromol/L iron (ferric citrate) for 48 hours exerted similar effects as LPS, and these effects were strongly inhibited by coincubation with DFO. Furthermore, neither LPS nor DFO affected mRNA and protein levels of p47phox a nonheme-containing, regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase, or the mRNA level of NOX4, an isoform of the principal catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase in endothelial cells. In contrast, heme oxygenase-1 was strongly suppressed by DFO, both in the absence and presence of LPS or iron. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that prolonged exposure to LPS or iron increases endothelial NADPH oxidase activity by increasing p22phox gene transcription and cellular levels of iron, heme, and p22phox protein. Iron chelation by DFO effectively suppresses endothelial NADPH oxidase activity, which may be helpful as an adjunct in reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-6512, USA
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