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Wang A, Guan B, Zhang H, Xu H. Danger-associated metabolites trigger metaflammation: A crowbar in cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106983. [PMID: 37931790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are characterized by a series of metabolic disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation. CMDs contribute to a high burden of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Host-microbial metabolic regulation that triggers metaflammation is an emerging field of study that promotes a new perspective for perceiving cardiovascular risks. The term metaflammation denotes the entire cascade of immune responses activated by a new class of metabolites known as "danger-associated metabolites" (DAMs). It is being proposed by the present review for the first time. We summarize current studies covering bench to bedside aspects of DAMs to better understand CMDs in the context of DAMs. We have focused on the involvement of DAMs in the pathophysiological development of CMDs, including the disruption of immune homeostasis and chronic inflammation-triggered damage leading to CMD-related adverse events, as well as emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting DAM metabolism in CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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Fan Y, Guan B, Xu J, Zhang H, Yi L, Yang Z. Role of toll-like receptor-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115493. [PMID: 37734261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening dysregulated status of the host response to infection, can cause multiorgan dysfunction and mortality. Sepsis places a heavy burden on the cardiovascular system due to the pathological imbalance of hyperinflammation and immune suppression. Myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction caused by the aberrant host responses to pathogens can lead to cardiomyopathy, one of the most critical complications of sepsis. However, many questions about the specific mechanisms and characteristics of this complication remain to be answered. The causes of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction include abnormal cardiac perfusion, myocardial inhibitory substances, autonomic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium homeostasis dysregulation. The fight between the host and pathogens acts as the trigger for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the progress of sepsis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as pattern recognition receptors and participate in innate immune pathways that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns to mediate pyroptosis. Notably, pyroptosis is tightly associated with cardiac dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock. In line with these observations, induction of TLR-mediated pyroptosis may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the potential roles of TLR-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, to shed light on this promising therapeutic approach, thus helping to prevent and control septic shock caused by cardiovascular disorders and improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Fan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianxing Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixu Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Guan B, Wang A, Xu H. Causal associations of remnant cholesterol with cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: a mendelian randomization analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:207. [PMID: 37563569 PMCID: PMC10416527 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that remnant cholesterol (RC) is strongly associated with an increased incidence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, the causality have not been confirmed. We aimed to evaluate the causal associations of RC with CMD and the relative risk factors using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. METHODS Summary-level statistics of RC, CMD, and cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained from the published data from individuals with a predominantly European ancestry mainly from the UK Biobank and the FinnGen biobank. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were used to evaluate the causal relationships between RC and CMD. A bidirectional MR analysis was performed to estimate the causality between RC and cardiometabolic risk factors. The main MR method was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method. RESULTS Univariable MR analyses showed that genetically predicted RC was causally associated with higher risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and flutter, peripheral artery disease, and non-rheumatic valve diseases (all P < 0.05). Multivariable MR analyses provided compelling evidence of the harmful effects of RC on the risk of ischemic heart disease (P < 0.05). Bidirectional MR analysis demonstrated that RC was bidirectionally causally linked to total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia (all P < 0.05). However, no genetic association was found between RC and metabolic disorders or the other cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This MR study demonstrates that genetically driven RC increases the risk of several CMD and cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting that targeted RC-lowering therapies may be effective for the primary prevention of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100091, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100091, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100091, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, 100091, Beijing, China.
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Li Q, Chang M, Lai R, Zhang H, Song L, Wang X, Guan B, Zhang J, Zhao L, Chen K, Wang A, Xu H. Potential benefits of spicy food consumption on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes: A cohort study of the China Kadoorie Biobank. Nutrition 2023; 112:112062. [PMID: 37236043 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary capsaicin from spicy foods has potential benefits for those with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, there is no evidence linking spicy food consumption with cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the association between spicy food consumption and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in individuals with diabetes from the CKB (China Kadoorie Biobank) study and to provide evidence-based dietary recommendations for those with CMDs. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 26 163 patients with diabetes without coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer from the CKB study. Of the 26 163 patients enrolled, 17 326 never or rarely ate spicy food (non-spicy group), and 8837 ate spicy food ≥1 d/wk (spicy group). The primary outcomes were MACEs, including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of MACEs and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.5 y, MACEs occurred in 5465 participants (20.9%), with 3820 (22%) and 1645 (18.6%) cases occurring in the non-spicy and spicy groups, respectively. Spicy food consumption was independently associated with a decreased tendency for MACEs, with an adjusted HR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-1.00; P = 0.041). Subgroup analysis showed consistency in the results that the regular spicy eating groups were associated with significantly lower incidence of MACEs than the non-spicy group. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of MACEs among the three different spicy eating frequency groups. CONCLUSION This cohort study revealed that the consumption of spicy food was independently associated with a reduced incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in Chinese adults with diabetes, suggesting a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between the consumption of different doses of spicy food and cardiovascular outcomes and the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxia Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive care unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Wang X, Guan B, Wang X, An X, Wang T, Chen X, Zhao L, Jia J, Song L, Ma D, Li Q, Zhang H, Ju J, Xu H. Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule inhibits ferroptosis and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the GPX4/xCT signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 301:115852. [PMID: 36272494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule (QXJYG) is an integrated traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat atherosclerotic (AS) cardiovascular diseases. A randomized controlled trial found that QXJYG reduced cardiovascular events and experiments also verified that QXJYG attenuated AS by remodeling the intestinal flora. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine whether QXJYG would attenuate AS and plaque vulnerability by regulating ferroptosis in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice and to investigate the effects of QXJYG on macrophage ferroptosis in RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-induced J744A.1 cells. METHODS AS models in ApoE-/- mice and RSL3-induced ferroptosis in J744A.1 cells were established to measure the protective and anti-ferroptotic effects of QXJYG in vivo and in vitro. The glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)/cystine glutamate reverse transporter (xCT) signal pathway was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS QXJYG attenuated AS progression and plaque vulnerability. Characteristic morphological changes of ferroptosis in the QXJYG-treated animals were rare. Total iron was significantly lower in the QXJYG group than in the model group (P < 0.05); QXJYG suppressed the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels (malondialdehyde), enhanced the antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase and glutathione), and reduced inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α) associated with ferroptosis. Expression of GPX4/xCT in aorta tissues was remarkably increased in the QXJYG group. QXJYG inhibited ferroptosis in J744A.1 macrophages disturbed using RSL3. The Fe2+, LPO, and reactive oxygen species levels were lower in the QXJYG group than in the RSL3 group (P < 0.05). The QXJYG group showed higher expression of the GPX4/xCT signal pathway. CONCLUSION QXJYG inhibits ferroptosis in vulnerable AS plaques partially via the GPX4/xCT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Xiaojing An
- Pathology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuanye Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jundi Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Luxia Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - He Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Wang A, Guan B, Shao C, Zhao L, Li Q, Hao H, Gao Z, Chen K, Hou Y, Xu H. Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule alleviates atherosclerosis by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis of ApoE-/- mice. Phytomedicine 2022; 103:154220. [PMID: 35675748 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a key pathological factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Metabolic disorders, including pathoglycemia and dyslipidemia that lead to chronic inflammation, represent the prominent pathological characteristics of atherosclerotic CVD, Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule (QXJYG) is a Chinese traditional decoction that has been clinically proven to be effective for patients with CVD. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effects of QXJYG against AS and its potential mechanisms. METHODS QXJYG was orally administered at doses of 1.664 and 4.992 g·kg-1·d-1 in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced AS model using ApoE-/- mice. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, ELISA, untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis, 16S rRNA analysis, and RT-qPCR were performed to identify the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of QXJYG in treating HFD-induced AS. RESULTS QXJYG retarded HFD-induced weight gain and reduced the increased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, whereas high-dose QXJYG increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, QXJYG reduced the serum levels, as well as aortas mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, which indicates that QXJYG is effective against metaflammation. Mechanistically, QXJYG reshaped the gut microbiota and its associated bile acids (BAs) metabolomic phenotype, partly by increasing the levels of BA synthesis enzymes, hepatic CYP7A1, and CYP27A1, while decreasing ileal FGF15 and β-Klotho mRNA expression, favoring facilitated de novo BAs synthesis and thereby driving cholesterol catabolic excretion. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that QXJYG is effective against HFD-triggered chronic inflammation, and contributes to the alleviation of AS development, and the antiatherogenic properties of QXJYG may be partly due to the remodeling of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism. Although the results are encouraging, further clinical studies of anti-AS herbal medicines are required to elucidate the full potential of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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Guan B, Tong J, Hao H, Yang Z, Chen K, Xu H, Wang A. Bile acid coordinates microbiota homeostasis and systemic immunometabolism in cardiometabolic diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2129-2149. [PMID: 35646540 PMCID: PMC9136572 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), characterized with metabolic disorder triggered cardiovascular events, is a leading cause of death and disability. Metabolic disorders trigger chronic low-grade inflammation, and actually, a new concept of metaflammation has been proposed to define the state of metabolism connected with immunological adaptations. Amongst the continuously increased list of systemic metabolites in regulation of immune system, bile acids (BAs) represent a distinct class of metabolites implicated in the whole process of CMD development because of its multifaceted roles in shaping systemic immunometabolism. BAs can directly modulate the immune system by either boosting or inhibiting inflammatory responses via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, BAs are key determinants in maintaining the dynamic communication between the host and microbiota. Importantly, BAs via targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and diverse other nuclear receptors play key roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis of lipids, glucose, and amino acids. Moreover, BAs axis per se is susceptible to inflammatory and metabolic intervention, and thereby BAs axis may constitute a reciprocal regulatory loop in metaflammation. We thus propose that BAs axis represents a core coordinator in integrating systemic immunometabolism implicated in the process of CMD. We provide an updated summary and an intensive discussion about how BAs shape both the innate and adaptive immune system, and how BAs axis function as a core coordinator in integrating metabolic disorder to chronic inflammation in conditions of CMD.
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Key Words
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
- BAs, bile acids
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- BSH, bile salt hydrolases
- Bile acid
- CA, cholic acid
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CCs, cholesterol crystals
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CMD, cardiometabolic disease
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
- CYP8B1, sterol 12α-hydroxylase
- Cardiometabolic diseases
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FA, fatty acids
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FMO3, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- HCA, hyocholic acid
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high fat diet
- HNF, hepatocyte nuclear receptor
- IL, interleukin
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- Nuclear receptors
- OCA, obeticholic acid
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RCT, reverses cholesterol transportation
- ROR, retinoid-related orphan receptor
- S1PR2, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- Systemic immunometabolism
- TG, triglyceride
- TGR5, takeda G-protein receptor 5
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- Therapeutic opportunities
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- ox-LDL, oxidated low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinlin Tong
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhixu Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
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O’Brien TA, Wehner MF, Payne AE, Shields CA, Rutz JJ, Leung L, Ralph FM, Collow A, Gorodetskaya I, Guan B, Lora JM, McClenny E, Nardi KM, Ramos AM, Tomé R, Sarangi C, Shearer EJ, Ullrich PA, Zarzycki C, Loring B, Huang H, Inda‐Díaz HA, Rhoades AM, Zhou Y. Increases in Future AR Count and Size: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 CMIP5/6 Experiment. J Geophys Res Atmos 2022; 127:e2021JD036013. [PMID: 35859545 PMCID: PMC9285484 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Atmospheric River (AR) Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is a community effort to systematically assess how the uncertainties from AR detectors (ARDTs) impact our scientific understanding of ARs. This study describes the ARTMIP Tier 2 experimental design and initial results using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phases 5 and 6 multi-model ensembles. We show that AR statistics from a given ARDT in CMIP5/6 historical simulations compare remarkably well with the MERRA-2 reanalysis. In CMIP5/6 future simulations, most ARDTs project a global increase in AR frequency, counts, and sizes, especially along the western coastlines of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. We find that the choice of ARDT is the dominant contributor to the uncertainty in projected AR frequency when compared with model choice. These results imply that new projects investigating future changes in ARs should explicitly consider ARDT uncertainty as a core part of the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. O’Brien
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - M. F. Wehner
- Computational Research DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - A. E. Payne
- Department of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - C. A. Shields
- National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - J. J. Rutz
- National Weather Service, Western Region HeadquartersScience and Technology Infusion DivisionSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - L.‐R. Leung
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - F. M. Ralph
- Center for Western Weather and Water ExtremesScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - A. Collow
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Now at University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - I. Gorodetskaya
- Centre for Environmental and Marine StudiesDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - B. Guan
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - J. M. Lora
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - E. McClenny
- Department of Land, Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - K. M. Nardi
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric SciencePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - A. M. Ramos
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL)Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - R. Tomé
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL)Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - C. Sarangi
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
- Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
| | - E. J. Shearer
- Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote SensingUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - P. A. Ullrich
- Department of Land, Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - C. Zarzycki
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric SciencePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - B. Loring
- Computational Research DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - H. Huang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - H. A. Inda‐Díaz
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Land, Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - A. M. Rhoades
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Y. Zhou
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
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9
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Guan B, Zhao L, Ma D, Fan Y, Zhang H, Wang A, Xu H. The Effect of Ticagrelor on Endothelial Function Compared to Prasugrel, Clopidogrel, and Placebo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:820604. [PMID: 35155620 PMCID: PMC8826068 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.820604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the long-term outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent evidence suggests that ticagrelor, a potent antiplatelet agent, improves endothelial function. However, several studies demonstrated contrasting results. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of ticagrelor treatment on endothelial function. Materials and Methods A systematic literature study was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. A historical search was performed for a reference list of the selected studies as of August 2021. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane tool. The weighted mean difference (WMD) 95% CI was treated as the overall effect size, and data were pooled using the fixed-effect model or random-effect model according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to measure the effects of potential confounders. Results A total of 21 studies were included. The meta-analysis indicated that ticagrelor resulted in a significant increase of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.36, 2.60), reactive hyperemia index (RHI) (WMD: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.13), and circulating progenitor endothelial cells (CEPCs) (WMD: 13.84; 95% CI: 5.70, 21.98), and a reduction in the index of microvascular resistance (IMR) (WMD: −15.39; 95% CI: −25.11, −5.68). Conclusion Ticagrelor has a significant effect on some markers of endothelial function in patients with CAD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity and limited studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- Anlu Wang
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Xu
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10
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Yang XL, Guan B, Lyu HC, Jiang YN, Xia YL. [Management strategy on hypertension induced by anti-cancer therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:957-962. [PMID: 34674433 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210824-00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X L Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - H C Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Y N Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Y L Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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11
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Ma D, Guan B, Song L, Liu Q, Fan Y, Zhao L, Wang T, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Li S, Xu H. A Bibliometric Analysis of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases From 2001 to 2021. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:734514. [PMID: 34513962 PMCID: PMC8424118 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.734514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exosomes in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become an active research field with substantial value and potential. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric studies in this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of exosomes in CVDs using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. Methods: The articles and reviews regarding exosomes in the CVDs were culled from the Web of Science Core Collection, and knowledge maps were generated using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 1,039 articles were included. The number of exosome articles in the CVDs increased yearly. These publications came from 60 countries/regions, led by the US and China. The primary research institutions were Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Nanjing Medical University. Circulation Research was the journal and co-cited journal with the most studies. We identified 473 authors among which Lucio Barile had the most significant number of articles and Thery C was co-cited most often. After analysis, the most common keywords are myocardium infarction, microRNA and mesenchymal stem cells. Ischemic heart disease, pathogenesis, regeneration, stem cells, targeted therapy, biomarkers, cardiac protection, and others are current and developing areas of study. Conclusion: We identified the research hotspots and trends of exosomes in CVDs using bibliometric and visual methods. Research on exosomes is flourishing in the cardiovascular medicine. Regenerative medicine, exosome engineering, delivery vehicles, and biomarkers will likely become the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxia Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Ma D, Yang B, Guan B, Song L, Liu Q, Fan Y, Zhao L, Wang T, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Li S, Xu H. A Bibliometric Analysis of Pyroptosis From 2001 to 2021. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731933. [PMID: 34484243 PMCID: PMC8416445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a new programmed cell death discovered in recent years. Pyroptosis plays an important role in various diseases. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric analysis systematically studies this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of pyroptosis using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. Methods The articles and reviews regarding pyroptosis were culled from Web of Science Core Collection. Countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field were visually analyzed by using CtieSpace and VOSviewer software. Results A total of 2845 articles and reviews were included. The number of articles regarding pyroptosis significantly increased yearly. These publications mainly come from 70 countries led by China and the USA and 418 institutions. We identified 605 authors, among which Thirumaladevi Kanneganti had the most significant number of articles, and Shi JJ was co-cited most often. Frontiers in immunology was the journal with the most studies, and Nature was the most commonly cited journal. After analysis, the most common keywords are nod like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, apoptosis, cell death, gasdermin D, mechanism, caspase-1, and others are current and developing areas of study. Conclusion Research on the pyroptosis is flourishing. Cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions must be strengthened in the future. The related pathway mechanism of pyroptosis, the relationship between pyroptosis and other types of programmed cell deaths as well as the role of pyroptosis in various diseases have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxia Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Fan X, Gu Y, Guan B. The effect of dispatch of national medical teams to Wuhan on its control and prevention of COVID-19. Public Health 2021; 198:1-5. [PMID: 34325232 PMCID: PMC8078900 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives As a unique prevention and control measure, the dispatch of national medical teams to Wuhan has played a key role in protecting Wuhan against COVID-19. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effect of this key measure in reducing infections and fatalities. Study design A scenario analysis is used in this study, where the forming of scenarios is on the basis of the stages of medical to Wuhan. We divided the evaluation into 4 scenarios: Scenario Ⅰ—no dispatch, Scenario Ⅱ—dispatch of 4599 medical staff, Scenario Ⅲ—dispatch of 16,000 staff, and Scenario Ⅳ—dispatch of 32,000 staff. Methods The extended Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Death model was adopted to quantify the effect of the dispatch of national medical teams to Wuhan on COVID-19 prevention and control. Results The dispatch dramatically cuts the channels for the transmission of the virus and succeeds in raising the cure rates while reducing the fatality rates. If there were no dispatch at all, a cumulative total of 158,881 confirmed cases, 18,700 fatalities and a fatality rate of 11.77% would have occurred in Wuhan, which are 3.2 times, 4.8 times and 1.5 times the real figures respectively. The dispatch has avoided 108,541 confirmed cases and 14,831 fatalities in this city. Conclusions The proven successful measure provides valuable experience and enlightenment to international cooperation on prevention and control of COVID-19, as well as a similar outbreak of new emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Y Gu
- Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - B Guan
- Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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14
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Zhao Y, Zheng K, Guan B, Guo M, Song L, Gao J, Qu H, Wang Y, Shi D, Zhang Y. DLDTI: a learning-based framework for drug-target interaction identification using neural networks and network representation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:434. [PMID: 33187537 PMCID: PMC7666529 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repositioning, the strategy of unveiling novel targets of existing drugs could reduce costs and accelerate the pace of drug development. To elucidate the novel molecular mechanism of known drugs, considering the long time and high cost of experimental determination, the efficient and feasible computational methods to predict the potential associations between drugs and targets are of great aid. METHODS A novel calculation model for drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction based on network representation learning and convolutional neural networks, called DLDTI, was generated. The proposed approach simultaneously fused the topology of complex networks and diverse information from heterogeneous data sources, and coped with the noisy, incomplete, and high-dimensional nature of large-scale biological data by learning the low-dimensional and rich depth features of drugs and proteins. The low-dimensional feature vectors were used to train DLDTI to obtain the optimal mapping space and to infer new DTIs by ranking candidates according to their proximity to the optimal mapping space. More specifically, based on the results from the DLDTI, we experimentally validated the predicted targets of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) on atherosclerosis progression in vivo. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the DLDTI model achieved promising performance under fivefold cross-validations with AUC values of 0.9172, which was higher than the methods using different classifiers or different feature combination methods mentioned in this paper. For the validation study of TMPZ on atherosclerosis, a total of 288 targets were identified and 190 of them were involved in platelet activation. The pathway analysis indicated signaling pathways, namely PI3K/Akt, cAMP and calcium pathways might be the potential targets. Effects and molecular mechanism of TMPZ on atherosclerosis were experimentally confirmed in animal models. CONCLUSIONS DLDTI model can serve as a useful tool to provide promising DTI candidates for experimental validation. Based on the predicted results of DLDTI model, we found TMPZ could attenuate atherosclerosis by inhibiting signal transductions in platelets. The source code and datasets explored in this work are available at https://github.com/CUMTzackGit/DLDTI .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhao
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Li T, Zhou W, Wu W, Zhong Y, Guan B, Li Z, Zhang S, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Song Z. Treatment-resistant bullous pemphigoid occurring under antitumour necrosis factor-α agent therapy in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e324-e326. [PMID: 32043660 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - W Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - W Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Z Song
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Cao W, Guan B. [Voxel-based morphometry study of the brain structures in patients with congenital hereditary hearing loss]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:81-86. [PMID: 32074743 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the physiological basics for changes of cerebral functions in patients with congenital hereditary hearing loss (CHHL), by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Methods: From June 2016 to June 2017, we recruited volunteers from Yangzhou Special Education School and CHHL patients from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Subei People's Hospital as a case group with a total of 14 cases (8 males and 6 females), with an average age from 10 to 18 (13.13 ± 0.39). At the same time,patients with no ear diseases were recruited as a control group, a total of 23 cases (10 males and 13 females), with an average age from 10 to18 (13.50 ± 0.49). Brain scanning with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects, and 3D T1WI was collected and processed by the analyzing software. Two sample t-tests were conducted with alphasim correction at the threshold level of P<0.001. Different morphologies of cerebral cortex were identified between patients with CHHL and their normal controls retrospectively. Results: Compared to their normal controls, patients with CHHL had no significant difference in terms of brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, and cerebrospinal fluid volume ((1 397.53±103.98)cm(3) vs. (1 439.45±128.84)cm(3), (765.19±60.27)cm(3) vs. (800.139±77.64)cm(3), (392.89±40.38)cm(3) vs. (414.54±49.22)cm(3), (314.17±25.81)cm(3) vs. (296.47±51.42)cm(3), all P>0.05). However, compared to their normal controls, patients with CHHL had significantly increased (P<0.001) gray matter in the following cerebral gyri: right temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus, left superior occipital gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, compared to their normal controls, patients with CHHL had significantly decreased (P<0.001) gray matter in the following cerebral gyri: left parahippocampal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, left insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus. Conclusions: Patients with CHHL show global changes in cerebral cortex not limited to auditory associated cerebral areas. This suggests that adaptable reshaping of global brain structures and functions has occurred in patients with CHHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
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17
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Guan B, Wang L, Ma L, Liu X, Liu L. EFFECTS OF EXENDIN-4 ON ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS-MEDIATED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2019; 15:158-164. [PMID: 31508171 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is suspected as an important factor in the initiation of insulin resistance. Aim To explore the effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) on the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In our study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pre-treated with ERS inhibitors tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), Ex-4 and an ERS inducer tunicamycin (TM) then induced insulin resistance. Glucose consumption of the adipocytes was measured. Western blots determined the protein levels of ERS markers and insulin signaling pathway. Results TM treatment reduced insulin-stimulated glucose consumption by 19.7% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This repression was blunted by 24h pre-treatment with TUDCA or Ex-4. Ex-4 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose consumption in adipocytes by 14.9%. Western blotting showed that TM treatment significantly increased the ER stress markers including p-IRE, p-JNK, p-PERK, p-eIF2a and ATF6 expression, whereas 24h pre-treatment of adipocytes with TUDCA or Ex-4 alleviated the ER stress. Ex-4 alleviates ERS-induced insulin resistance by upregulating the expression of phosphorylated Akt. Conclusion ERs mediates insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and exendin-4 significantly improves this insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Wang
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Ma
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Liu
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Liu
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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18
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Xun YF, Wang MH, Sun HY, Guan B. [Comparative analysis of sleep monitoring between young and middle-aged and elderly OSA patients]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:643-646. [PMID: 31327204 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the night sleep hypoxia degree and sleep structure of young and middle-aged and elderly patients with OSA, so that PSG has more important application value.Method:A total of 438 patients diagnosed with OSA from February 2017 to January 2019 were selected,including 119 patients in the youth group with an average age of (28.5±5.1)years,and 319 patients in the middle and elderly group with an average age of (45.8±2.7)years.The results recorded by PSG in the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Result:①The AHI, ODI, OAI, MAI and ASaO₂of OSA patients in the junior group were significantly higher than those in the middle-aged and elderly group, while CAI was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.419).②The NREM stage Ⅰ (61.1±4.3)% in the junior group was significantly higher than that in the junior group (53.3±3.4)%.NREM stage Ⅱ (33.2±2.3)% and NREM stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ (4.3±1.3)% in the junior group were higher than those in the middle-aged group (29.2±3.9)% and stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ (2.6±0.9)%, while the percentage of REM stage and microarousal index were not statistically significant between the two groups.③Young OSA patients were associated with hypertension and 47.0% middle-aged and elderly patients were associated with hypertension.There was no statistical difference between the two groups in whether hypertension was associated with hypertension or not.Conclusion:The NREM phase is particularly susceptible to age, and age affects slow wave sleep. The sleep structure of middle-aged and older people demonstrates their sleep characteristics: reduced total sleep time,slow wave sleep,low sleep efficiency,and delayed sleep. The young people's nighttime hypoxia is more serious. AHI,ODI,OAI,MAI,ASaO₂ and other indicators are significantly higher than the middle-aged and elderly people, but the sleep structure 2 groups are similar, indicating that young people have strong sleep physiological compensation and Adjustment ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Xun
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
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Zheng R, Xu B, Guan B, Guan G, Chi P. Identification and Verification of Radiosensitivity Gene Expression Prediction Model in Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun HY, Guan B, Yu AM. [Study on the correlation between meteorological factors and allergic rhinitis in outpatients in Yangzhou]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 32:1731-17734. [PMID: 30716806 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.22.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the characteristics of allergic rhinitis in Yangzhou area and its correlation with meteorological factors. Method:The characteristics of 17 491 cases of AR were analyzed in Yangzhou from 2015 to 2017. Meteorological environmental parameters, including mean temperature, air pressure, wind speed, humidity and AQI index, were monitored at the same period. The relationship between the onset characteristics of AR patients and meteorological factors was also analyzed. Result:The number of patients with allergic rhinitis in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were 6 167, 5 620 and 5 704. The total difference of the number of patients in 3 years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Each year the number of patients reached the peak in October, April, the lowest in February, and less than the other seasons in the summer (P<0.05). The number of visits per year reached peak in October, the lowest in February, and significantly less in summer than in other seasons (P<0.05). The number of children under the age of 12 is relatively small, and the number of patients aged 20 to 40 is the largest. In different age groups, the number of male patients was higher than that of women. There was a positive correlation between the average temperature and AQI index of the average allergic rhinitis patients(r=0.635, P=0.027; r=0.587, P=0.045), and the average temperature and average humidity of the patients with average allergic rhinitis were negatively correlated with regional average humidity and average wind speed(r=-0.193, P=0.045; r=-0.862, P=0.000). Conclusion:The incidence of allergic rhinitis in Yangzhou area has obvious age regularity and seasonality, and there may be some correlation between meteorological factors(especially AQI index) and the incidence of allergic rhinitis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - A M Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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Wang MH, Guan B, Yu AM, Dai BY, Yan Q, Chen SS. [Analysis of the recurrence related factors of sinonasal inverted papilloma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 31:1927-1930. [PMID: 29798318 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.24.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To evaluate the influence risk factors of recurrence and the methods for reducing recurrence of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP). Method:Clinical data of 34 patients with SNIP were analyzed retrospectively. All of them were unilateral onset. The diagnosis was confirmed pathologically and the range of lesions was determined by endoscopic and imaging examination; clinical classification according to Krouse classification method; All operations were performed under nasal endoscope, of which 20 cases were operated by simple nasal endoscope, and 14 cases were operated by endoscopic anterior lacrimal recess approach. The patients were followed up for 12-36 months. The curative effects were observed and the prognostic factors of the patients were analyzed. Result:Thirty-four cases of SNIP patients with postoperative recurrence rate was 17.65% (6/34); simple nasal endoscopic surgery in 20 cases, the recurrence rate was 25.00%(5/20); endoscopic anterior lacrimal recess approach in 14 cases, the recurrence rate was 7.14%(1/14), the difference was statistically insignificant (χ²=1.807, P>0.05). Four cases in stage Ⅰ had no recurrence;20 cases in stage Ⅱ, the recurrence rate was 15.0%(3/20); 9 cases in stage Ⅲ, the recurrence rate was 33.3%(3/9); 1 case in stage Ⅳ had no recurrence, the recurrence rate of the patients with different stages were statistically insignificant (χ²=2.692, P>0.05). Conclusion:Simple endoscopic resection of the tumor and endoscopic anterior lacrimal recess surgery are effective methods for the treatment of SNIP. The nasal surgery history and tumor origin are the risk factors for recurrence. The operation completely tumorresection,detailed preoperative examination and postoperative regular endoscopic examination are the keys to preventing recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya No.2 Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Subei People's Hospital
| | - A M Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Subei People's Hospital
| | - B Y Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Subei People's Hospital
| | - Q Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Subei People's Hospital
| | - S S Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Subei People's Hospital
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Shi SJ, Yu AM, Guan B, Wang MH, Dai BY, Yan Q. [Two cases of piriform pit carcinoma were repaired with thyroid lobe]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:1511-1514. [PMID: 30550202 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.19.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two cases with piriform fossa cancer underwent larynx lateral wall repair surgery. Case 1: The patient was admitted to the hospital because of pharyngeal discomfort with swallowing pain for 2 months Electronic laryngoscopy revealed neoplasm in the left piriform fossa. Space occupying lesion in left piriform fossa and paranasal space was found in MRI scan. The pathological diagnosis of this patient was squamous cell squamous cell carcinoma (T2N1M0). Case 2: The patient was admitted to the hospital because of blood in the sputum for more than 1 year. The electronic laryngoscope suggested neoplasm in the pharyngeal space and left vocal cord paralysis.Soft tissue thickening of the oropharynx and hypopharyngeal right wall was found in MRI scan. The pathological diagnosis of this patient was squamous cell carcinoma (T1N2M0).
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Guo SQ, Yu AM, Guan B. [A case of rare spontaneous hematoma in the neck]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 52:861-862. [PMID: 29141302 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Q Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - A M Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Yan Q, Guan B. [Hypoglossal nerve stimulation therapy for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 52:796-799. [PMID: 29050104 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is a clinical and critical disease to health, which the accuratly pathogenesis is not very explicit. The mainstream research suggested that dysfunction of upper airway dilator muscles is one of the hazard factors. Genioglossus innervated by the hypoglossal nerve plays crucial roles. It could expand volume of pharyngeal cavity, and increase airflow rate when stimulate it.With the development of anatomy and physiology, hypoglossal nerve stimulation(HGNS) entered into clinical trials, and had made tremendous progress since 2001. Most of clinical trials show that, it could dramatically improve the smooth general peculiarity of the upper respiratory tract in patients with OSAHS in the sleeping state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - B Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Guan B, Cao ZP, Peng D, Li YF, Zhan YH, Liu LB, He SM, Xiong GY, Li XS, Zhou LQ. [Prognostic factors of patients with T2N0M0 upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a single-center retrospective study of 235 patients]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:603-607. [PMID: 28816273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impacts of the prognostic factors of T2N0M0 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) for Chinese patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted including 235 patients who were diagnosed with T2N0M0 UTUC in our hospital and received radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) or partial ureterectomy during January 2000 and December 2013. The 3 and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates and bladder recurrence-free survival rates of all the patients were valued using Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival curves with statistical significance between the two were compared using the Log-rank test. Variables with significant differences in the univariate analysis were subjected to the multivariate analysis by Cox regression model. RESULTS A total of 235 patients were included in this study, including 95 (40.4%) male patients and 140 (59.6%) female patients. The mean age was 66.73±10.49 years.The median follow-up time was 53 (rang: 3-142) months, and during the follow-up, 74 (31.5%) patients died of UTUC after a median of 35 months,and 96 (40.9%) patients developed intravesical recurrence after a median of 19.5 months. The 3 and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of all the patients were 89.1% and 85.9%, respectively; the bladder recurrence-free survival rates were 85.5% and 80.2%, respectively. The independent prognostic factors of cancer-specific mortality were tumor age elder than 55 years (HR=3.138, 95%CI: 1.348-7.306, P=0.008) and diameter larger than 5 cm (HR=3.320, 95%CI: 1.882-5.857, P<0.001). The independent prognostic factors of bladder recurrence-free survival were ureter tumor (HR=1.757, 95%CI: 1.159-2.664, P=0.008) and lower tumor grade (HR=1.760, 95% CI: 1.151-2.692, P=0.009). CONCLUSION T2N0M0 UTUC has a better cancer-specific survival. The intravesical recurrence was equivalent to non-muscle invasive UTUC but earlier. The tumor diameter larger than 5 cm and the patient age elder than 55 years were independently associated with cancer-specific mortality; the primary tumor located in ureter and lower tumor grade were more likely to develop intravesical recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - Z P Cao
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - D Peng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y F Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y H Zhan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - L B Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - S M He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - G Y Xiong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - X S Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
| | - L Q Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
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Guan B, Dai C, Zhang Y, Zhu L, He X, Wang N, Liu H. Early diagnosis and outcome prediction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with color Doppler ultrasound. Diagn Interv Imaging 2016; 98:469-475. [PMID: 28024912 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the ultrasound presentation of the brain and cerebral hemodynamics in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by comparison with control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS During June 2012 to April 2013, full term neonates who had clinical evidence of HIE were enrolled. Healthy newborns without HIE were used as a control group. Cerebral parenchyma, size of lateral ventricles and hemodynamic parameters of cerebral arteries were studied using two-dimensional duplex and color Doppler ultrasound. Neonates with moderate and severe HIE were followed-up with ultrasound for at least 3 months. RESULTS A total of 158 consecutive neonates (82 boys and 76 girls), including 54 with mild HIE, 60 with moderate HIE and 44 with severe HIE were included. One hundred and twenty healthy newborns were randomly selected as a control group. Abnormal ultrasound findings of brain parenchyma were found in 25/54 (46.3%) neonates with mild HIE whereas they were found in 58/60 (96.7%) neonates with moderate HIE and 44/44 (100%) neonates with severe HIE. Almost all neonates with severe HIE had decreased cerebral artery blood flow velocity and increased resistance index of cerebral arteries. Of the 104 neonates with moderate or severe HIE, follow-up ultrasound examination revealed cystic parenchymal lesions in 12/104 (11.5%), progressive ventricular dilatation and brain atrophy in 12/104 (11.5%), mild ventricular dilatation in 15/104 (14.4%) and leukoencephalomalacia in 2/104 (1.9%) neonates. CONCLUSION Ultrasound features such as the size of lateral ventricles, altered brain parenchymal echogenicity and cerebral blood flow parameters are useful for the early diagnosis of HIE and help predict outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - C Dai
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - X He
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - N Wang
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Guangzhou women and children medical center, Guangzhou medical university, 9, Jinsui road, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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Cao W, Guan B, Yu AM, Kafle S, Dai BY. [The effect of nasal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of acuteinvasive fungal rhino-sinusitis in 5 cases]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:1647-1649. [PMID: 29871164 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.20.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ye SM, Guan B, Yu CY, Zhang HG. [A case of nasopharyngeal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumorafter radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:1567-1569. [PMID: 29871144 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.19.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)is composed of the cable shape myofibroblastic cells which constitute soft tissue tumors.IMT is mostly encountered in the lung, its occurrence in the head and neck is relatively rare. Herein, we reported 1 case of IMT after radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)in the nasopharynx.The clinical symptoms and nasal pharynx imaging findings of IMT are similar to the NPC.Thus,the pathological and immunohistochemistrical examinations maybe helpful to make a correct diagnosis.
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Cao W, Guan B, Wang Y, Dai BY. [Clinical analysis of 61 patients with chronic invasive fungal rhino-sinusitis treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:570-572. [PMID: 29871074 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yang J, Chan EHW, Wang X, Feng X, Guan B. Broadband photonic microwave phase shifter based on controlling two RF modulation sidebands via a Fourier-domain optical processor. Opt Express 2015; 23:12100-12110. [PMID: 25969298 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical photonic microwave phase shifter that can realize a continuous 360° phase shift over a wide frequency range is presented. It is based on the new concept of controlling the amplitude and phase of the two RF modulation sidebands via a Fourier-domain optical processor. The operating frequency range of the phase shifter is largely increased compared to the previously reported Fourier-domain optical processor based phase shifter that uses only one RF modulation sideband. This is due to the extension of the lower RF operating frequency by designing the amplitude and phase of one of the RF modulation sidebands while the other sideband is designed to realize the required RF signal phase shift. The two-sideband amplitude-and-phase-control based photonic microwave phase shifter has a simple structure as it only requires a single laser source, a phase modulator, a Fourier-domain optical processor and a single photodetector. Investigation on the bandwidth limitation problem in the conventional Fourier-domain optical processor based phase shifter is presented. Comparisons between the measured phase shifter output RF amplitude and phase responses with theory, which show excellent agreement, are also presented for the first time. Experimental results demonstrate the full -180° to + 180° phase shift with little RF signal amplitude variation of less than 3 dB and with a phase deviation of less than 4° over a 7.5 GHz to 26.5 GHz frequency range, and the phase shifter exhibits a long term stable performance.
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Ryf R, Fontaine NK, Chen H, Guan B, Huang B, Esmaeelpour M, Gnauck AH, Randel S, Yoo SJB, Koonen AMJ, Shubochkin R, Sun Y, Lingle R. Mode-multiplexed transmission over conventional graded-index multimode fibers. Opt Express 2015; 23:235-246. [PMID: 25835670 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results for combined mode-multiplexed and wavelength multiplexed transmission over conventional graded-index multimode fibers. We use mode-selective photonic lanterns as mode couplers to precisely excite a subset of the modes of the multimode fiber and additionally to compensate for the differential group delay between the excited modes. Spatial mode filters are added to suppress undesired higher order modes. We transmit 30-Gbaud QPSK signals over 60 WDM channels, 3 spatial modes, and 2 polarizations, reaching a distance of 310 km based on a 44.3 km long span. We also report about transmission experiments over 6 spatial modes for a 17-km single-span experiment. The results indicate that multimode fibers support scalable mode-division multiplexing approaches, where modes can be added over time if desired. Also the results indicate that mode-multiplexed transmission distance over 300 km are possible in conventional multimode fibers.
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Li JLF, Waliser DE, Chen WT, Guan B, Kubar T, Stephens G, Ma HY, Deng M, Donner L, Seman C, Horowitz L. An observationally based evaluation of cloud ice water in CMIP3 and CMIP5 GCMs and contemporary reanalyses using contemporary satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen H, Cohen P, Crawford TN, Kasen S, Guan B, Gorden K. Impact of early adolescent psychiatric and personality disorder on long-term physical health: a 20-year longitudinal follow-up study. Psychol Med 2009; 39:865-874. [PMID: 18775086 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291708004182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the long-term separate and combined impact of adolescent psychiatric disorder and personality disorder (PD) on physical health is absent. METHOD A total of 736 people randomly selected in childhood were contacted for home or telephone interviews four times over 20 years. DSM Axis I disorders and Axis II PDs were assessed at mean age 13.7 years in 1983 and physical health was assessed in 1985-1986, 1991-1994 and 2001-2004. RESULTS Comparisons were made between 506 adolescents without Axis I disorder or PD and adolescents with Axis I disorder or PD or both. Adolescents with an Axis I disorder (n=150) had significantly higher odds of pain and physical illness and poorer physical health. Adolescents with a PD (n=149) had higher odds of pain and physical illness and poorer physical health and a more rapid decline in physical health. In addition, the 81 participants with an Axis I disorder without co-morbid PD had poorer physical health, but this effect did not reach statistical significance, whereas the 80 participants with a PD but no Axis I disorder reported significantly more pain and more rapid decline in physical health. However, the 69 participants with co-morbid Axis I disorder and PD had the highest rates of pain and physical illness and the worst physical health. CONCLUSIONS Co-morbid PD accounted for many of the associations of adolescent Axis I disorder with physical health over the ensuing two decades. Co-morbid adolescent Axis I disorder and PD represent a particularly high risk for physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032, USA.
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Li JF, Guan B, Li DX, Dong C. Study on the fluorescence properties of a new intramolecular charge transfer compound 1,5-diphenyl-3-(N-ethylcarbazole-3-yl)-2-pyrazoline. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 68:404-8. [PMID: 17379571 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence properties of a newly synthesized compound, 1,5-diphenyl-3-(N-ethylcarbazole-3-yl)-2-pyrazoline (DEP) have been studied. On excitation at 352 nm, the fluorescence spectrum exhibits a large red shift with an increase in the polarity of solvents. The intensity of the band is different in different solvents as well. The change in the dipole moment in various solvents at room temperature has been characterized by the absorption and steady state fluorescence techniques and calculated based on the Lippert-Mataga equation. DEP has an increase of dipole moment of 2.83 D units on excitation to the lowest singlet state. It is concluded that photo-induced charge transfer from N (1) to C (3) actually exists in the excited state of the pyrazoline moiety. Its fluorescence property is relative to viscosity and temperature of solvents. The phi(f) of DEP in neutral medium or basic medium is higher than acidic medium. In addition, when the concentration of DEP is higher than 10(-3) M, its fluorescence is quenched by the collision of each molecule. The red shift of the maximum emission of DEP attributes to the formation of aggregates and the conjugate system is strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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Hu SP, Yang JS, Wu MY, Shen ZY, Zhang KH, Liu JW, Guan B. Effect of one-step 100% ethanol fixation and modified manual microdissection on high-quality RNA recovery from esophageal carcinoma specimen. Dis Esophagus 2005; 18:190-8. [PMID: 16045582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to determine an optimal fixation protocol for stabilizing RNA during microdissection so as to obtain high-quality RNA from specific cell populations procured from esophageal carcinoma specimens, and to develop a manual microdissection that can facilitate the procurement. The special features of our protocol include one-step dehydration of tissue sections in 100% ethanol immediately after cryosectioning, a self-made T-shape plate (T plate) and "exclusion microdissection" procedure. The quality of RNA isolated from dissected cells was analyzed by neutral agarose gel electrophoresis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect genes of different abundance levels. One-step 100% ethanol fixation of cryosections effectively stabilized RNA integrity for agelong period of time while maintaining histological morphology comparable to that using the conventional procedure, indicating that it is a valid protocol for preservation of RNA in microdissected samples. In conjunction with the application of the T plate and 'exclusion microdissection' procedure, which efficiently simplifies manual microdissection procedure, allowing maximal procurement of target cells from complex primary tissues, full use of every single specimen for maximal procurement of target cells from the sections was allowed. The RNA isolated from 5 different stage-specific cell populations of an esophageal carcinoma specimen was of high quality and sufficient in quantity for various downstream molecular analyses. Our method is suitable for a wide spectrum of expression analysis in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-P Hu
- Center for Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Guan B, Xu S, Bao W. [Study on apoptosis of fibroblasts from abnormal scars in media containing low level of serum and interleukin 1 beta]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2001; 17:279-81. [PMID: 11767703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of low serum and interleukin 1 beta on inducing apoptosis of fibroblasts from abnormal scars and normal skins. METHODS 6 samples from keloid, hypertrophic scar and normal skin were collected respectively. Apoptosis of different fibroblasts in media containing low level of serum and interleukin 1 beta were studied by detecting Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions and specific DNA ladder by means of cell culture, immunohistochemistry and agrose electrophoresis. RESULTS 1. In low level of serum, hardly occurs apoptosis of fibroblasts from keloids in correspondence with no changes of the radio of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins, and apoptosis of fibroblasts from normal skins occurs in correspondence with increasing of the radio of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins, whereas, slightly occurs apoptosis of fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars in correspondence with no change of the radio of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins. 2. In media containing interleukin 1 beta apoptosis of all three kinds of fibroblasts occurs, whereas, apoptosis of fibroblasts from keloids and hypertrophic scars takes place more seriously than that from normal skins in correspondence with increasing of the Bax/Bcl-2 radio of fibroblasts from keloids, decreasing of the Bax/Bcl-2 radio of ones from normal skins and no change of the Bax/Bcl-2 radio of ones from hypertrophic scars. CONCLUSION Characters of different fibroblasts are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Beijing University 100083, Beijing, China
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Abstract
DR4 (TRAIL-R1), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a cell surface receptor that triggers the apoptotic machinery upon binding to its ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Although three other TRAIL receptors DR5, DcR1, and DcR2 are induced by DNA damage and are regulated by the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor, it was not known whether these factors also affect DR4 expression. In this study, we found that DR4 expression is also enhanced by DNA damage whether induced by ionizing radiation or by chemotherapeutic agents. The induction was observed predominantly in cells containing wild-type p53 and was similar to the regulation patterns of DR5 and Fas, two other members of the family which are known to be regulated by p53. Transfection of HPV 16 E6 gene into cells with wild-type p53, which decreased the level of p53 protein, resulted in suppression of DR4 induction by DNA-damaging agents. Conversely, introduction of exogenous wild-type p53 through adenovirus infection has led to upregulation of endogenous DR4 in cells with mutant p53. Moreover, the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D abolished DNA-damaging agent-induced DR4 expression. Thus, DR4 appears to be a DNA damage-inducible, p53-regulated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Xu S, Guan B, Bao W. [Study on type I and type III procollagen mRNA and in situ collagen proteins expressions in hypertrophic scars after intralesional Kenalog treatment]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 16:236-8. [PMID: 11593681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is to investigate the mechanism of effects of Kenalog on type I and III collagen syntheses and degradation in hypertrophic scars. METHODS Intralesional injection of Kenalog was performed on 6 patients with hypertrophic scars. On the 3rd day and 7th day after the treatment, 6 samples from the 6 patients each were collected and type I and III collagen proteins and in situ procollagen mRNA expressions were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. RESULTS On the 7th day after intralesional injection of Kenalog, type I collagen proteins reduced (P < 0.05) and type III collagen proteins did not reduced significantly (P > 0.05). On the 3rd day after intralesional injection of Kenalog, both type I and type III procollagen mRNA expressions were significantly inhibited and on the 7th day both procollagen mRNA expressions decreased further. CONCLUSIONS Intralesional Kenalog may inhibit type I procollagen mRNA expression more than type III. Gene expressive intensions of type I and III procollagen were higher in hypertrophic scars than in normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- Research Centre of Plastic Surgery, Third Clinical School of Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Song Z, Guan B, Bergman A, Nicholson DW, Thornberry NA, Peterson EP, Steller H. Biochemical and genetic interactions between Drosophila caspases and the proapoptotic genes rpr, hid, and grim. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:2907-14. [PMID: 10733594 PMCID: PMC85526 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.8.2907-2914.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, the induction of apoptosis requires three closely linked genes, reaper (rpr), head involution defective (hid), and grim. The products of these genes induce apoptosis by activating a caspase pathway. Two very similar Drosophila caspases, DCP-1 and drICE, have been previously identified. We now show that DCP-1 has a substrate specificity that is remarkably similar to those of human caspase 3 and Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3, suggesting that DCP-1 is a death effector caspase. drICE and DCP-1 have similar yet different enzymatic specificities. Although expression of either in cultured cells induces apoptosis, neither protein was able to induce DNA fragmentation in Drosophila SL2 cells. Ectopic expression of a truncated form of dcp-1 (DeltaN-dcp-1) in the developing Drosophila retina under an eye-specific promoter resulted in a small and rough eye phenotype, whereas expression of the full-length dcp-1 (fl-dcp-1) had little effect. On the other hand, expression of either full-length drICE (fl-drICE) or truncated drICE (DeltaN-drICE) in the retina showed no obvious eye phenotype. Although active DCP-1 protein cleaves full-length DCP-1 and full-length drICE in vitro, GMR-DeltaN-dcp-1 did not enhance the eye phenotype of GMR-fl-dcp-1 or GMR-fl-drICE flies. Significantly, GMR-rpr and GMR-grim, but not GMR-hid, dramatically enhanced the eye phenotype of GMR-fl-dcp-1 flies. These results indicate that Reaper and Grim, but not HID, can activate DCP-1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Song
- Departments of Biology and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Bao W, Xu S, Guan B. [Study on in situ expression of type I and III procollagen mRNAs in different parts of keloid and normal skin]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi 1998; 14:407-9. [PMID: 10452075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on the histomorphologic differences of three parts of keloid, i.e., invasive, proliferative and senile regions, the study was carried out to explore the differences of expression of type I and type III procollagen mRNAs in the three different parts of keloid and normal skin. METHOD Four samples of keloid from four patients and two samples of normal skin were collected. The expression of pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 1 (III) procollagen mRNAs in keloid and normal skin was investigated by in situ hybridization techniques. RESULT Both type I and III procollagen mRNAs levels increased in keloid, especially type I, resulting in elevated ratios of type I to III procollagen mRNA. In keloid, expressive intention of type I and type III procollagen mRNAs was higher in the papillary layer than in the reticular layer. Also the expressive intention of type I and type III in keloid was higher in invasive and proliferative regions than in the senile region. However, expressive intention of type I and type III procollagen mRNAs in the invasive region of keloid was similar to that in the proliferative region. CONCLUSION The differences of expression of type I and type III procollagen mRNAs in different pathological regions of keloid and normal skin is one cause of forming different pathological regions in keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery, Third Clinical School of Beijing Medical University
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chance
- Johnson Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6089, USA
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42
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Lin Y, Guan B, Wu Q. [Treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1998; 21:88-90. [PMID: 11263391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore characteristics of thoracolumbar tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia, relationship between efficacy and approach of operation, and to discuss indication and applicability of conservative treatment. METHOD Forty-eight cases with thoracolumbar tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia were classified into two groups. Thirty-two cases in the operational group were treated with extrapleural, extraperitoneal approach and transpleural, extraperitoneal approach. Sixteen cases in the nonoperational group were treated conservatively. RESULT The recovered cases in the operational and the nonoperational groups respectively accounted for 75% and 88%. CONCLUSION Thoracolumbar tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia can be cured by either operative or conservative treatment, and the efficacy of operation directly related with operational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Institute, Beijing 101149
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Pang L, Sun M, Guo D, Guan B, Ji B. [The study of mutation in exon 17 of insulin receptor gene in essential hypertensive pedigrees]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1997; 19:83-8. [PMID: 10453499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Using the molecular scanning technique of single-stranded conformational polymorphism, we examined the exon 17 of the insulin receptor (INSR) gene in 44 subjects of 6 essential hypertensive pedigrees and 2 normotensive pedigrees. In addition the serum levels of glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); blood lipid, and plasma angiotension II and angiotensinogen were done on these pedigrees. Upon direct sequence analysis, 5 individuals were found a single nucleotide substitution at the codon 1058 (CAC-->CAT), which didn't change the amino acid sequence. Among the five individuals 4 of them were from the families with history of hypertension, only one was from normotensive pedigree. Compared with those without the mutation, the individuals with the mutation had a lower ratio of fasting blood glucose to fasting serum insulin level (P < 0.01) and an elevated plasma Ang II concentration. (There was no significant difference, P > 0.05, probably due to the mutant cases which we studied were small). Thus, we conjectured that the mutation in codon 1,058 of the INSR gene might be related with the insulin resistance in hypertensive patients and subjects with the positive hypertensive history.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pang
- PUMC Hospital, PUMC, Beijing
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Abstract
Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene discs-large (dlg) lead to postsynaptic structural defects. Here, we report that mutations in dlg also result in larger synaptic currents at fly neuromuscular junctions. By selectively targeting DLG protein to either muscles or motorneurons using Gal-4 enhancer trap lines, we were able to rescue substantially the reduced postsynaptic structure in mutants. Rescue of the physiological defect was accomplished by presynaptic, but not postsynaptic targeting, consistent with our finding that miniature excitatory junctional currents were not changed in dlg mutants. These results suggest that DLG functions in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic structure. We propose that DLG is an integral part of a mechanism by which changes in both neurotransmitter release and synapse structure are accomplished during development and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Budnik
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic contacts between neurons and their targets are dynamic entities that can change depending on developmental and functional states of the pre- and postsynaptic cell. However, the molecular factors involved in this plasticity have remained largely unknown. We have demonstrated previously that the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene, discs-large (dlg), is expressed at neuromuscular synapses, and is required for normal synapse structure. A family of dlg homologues is also expressed at mammalian synapses, where they interact with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and ion channels. Here, we provide the first demonstration of the involvement of dlg in structural synaptic plasticity during postsynaptic target growth. RESULTS We used a temperature-sensitive dlg allele to demonstrate that there are two stages, late embryogenesis and larval stages, at which dlg is necessary for normal formation of synapses. These stages are coincident with dynamic DLG expression at presynaptic sites in the late embryo, and at postsynaptic regions in the larva. Ultrastructural and confocal analyses reveal that Drosophila neuromuscular junctions undergo a dramatic expansion of the postsynaptic apparatus, which is paralleled by target muscle growth. We show that this process of postsynaptic expansion is partially blocked in dlg mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that dlg is required during synapse maturation. We show that dlg is involved in the determination of postsynaptic size during target muscle growth. Because motoneuron targets in the larva are continuously growing, synaptic contacts are structurally plastic, undergoing continuous expansion. We conclude that dlg plays an important role in this form of structural synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
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Pu Y, Zeng Z, Sun M, Guan B, Li H. [Secretion of endothelin-1 by cultured human normal adrenal cells]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1996; 18:5-10. [PMID: 9208579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) is a vasoactive peptide produced by some other types of cells in addition to endothelial cells. The authors investigated into the possibility of ET-1 secretion by cultured human normal adrenal cells. Human normal adrenal cells were prepared by 2% collagenase digestion for 1.5 hours and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS. Angiotensin I (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/L) was added to the experimental groups on the 7-9th days of cultivation. Mediums were collected after 24 hours and the levels of aldosterone, cortisol and ET-1 in the mediums were measured by RIA. Other than aldosterone and cortisol, ET-1 was detected in the cultured mediums of human normal adrenal cells. And the secretion of ET-1 was stimulated by angiotesin I. Therefore, it is proposed that ET-1 may play a role by autocrine or paracrine in the human normal adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pu
- PUMC Hospital, CAMS, Beijing
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Guan B. [Surveillance of fetal growth and fetal cerebellar transverse diameter by ultrasonographic measurement]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1992; 72:65-7, 126. [PMID: 1327433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Measured fetal transverse cerebellar diameters were obtained by ultrasonography in 325 women during 20-42 weeks of gestation. A nomogram for transverse cerebellar diameter with respect to gestational age was generated. Curvilinear relationship was found between the transverse cerebellar diameter and the gestational age (R = 0.99624, P less than 0.0005). Fetal transverse cerebellar diameter, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length were measured by ultrasound in 39 women not more than one week before delivery. Correlation coefficients between the birth weights and these parameters were studied. It was found that the correlation between the transverse cerebellar diameter and the birth weight was the highest. The function of the transverse cerebellar diameter in the evaluation of fetal growth and development is better than any other parameter. The transverse cerebellar diameters of 20 IUGR cases were obtained. It was indicated that the growth of the transverse cerebellar diameter slowed down in primary symmetric IUGR, and was unaffected in secondary asymmetric IUGR. Thus it has clinical diagnostic value in symmetric IUGR. When combined with the abdominal circumference, the fetal cerebellar transverse diameter may help to differentiate the types of growth-retarded fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, 2nd Medical University, Shanghai
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