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Orr CM, Atkinson R, Ernewein J, Tocheri MW. Carpal kinematics and morphological correlates of wrist ulnar deviation mobility in nonhuman anthropoid primates. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 183:e24728. [PMID: 36924247 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primates employ wrist ulnar deviation during a variety of locomotor and manipulative behaviors. Extant hominoids share a derived condition in which the ulnar styloid process has limited articulation or is completely separated from the proximal carpals, which is often hypothesized to increase ulnar deviation range of motion. Acute angulation of the hamate's triquetral facet is also hypothesized to facilitate ulnar deviation mobility and mechanics. In this study, we test these longstanding ideas. METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) carpal kinematics were examined using a cadaveric sample of Pan troglodytes, Pongo sp., and five monkey species. Ulnar styloid projection and orientation of the hamate's triquetral facet were quantified using 3D models. RESULTS Although carpal rotation patterns in Pan and Pongo were uniquely similar in some respects, P. troglodytes exhibited overall kinematic similarity with large terrestrial cercopithecoids (Papio and Mandrillus). Pongo, Macaca, and Ateles had high wrist ulnar deviation ranges of motion, but Pongo did this via a unique mechanism. In Pongo, the triquetrum functions as a distal carpal rather than part of the proximal row. Ulnar styloid projection and wrist ulnar deviation range of motion were not correlated but ulnar deviation range of motion and the triquetrohamate facet orientation were correlated. CONCLUSIONS Increased ulnar deviation mobility is not the function of ulnar styloid withdrawal in hominoids. Instead, this feature probably reduces stress on the ulnar side wrist or is a byproduct of adaptations that increase supination. Orientation of the hamate's triquetral facet offers some potential to reconstruct ulnar deviation mobility in extinct primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard Atkinson
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Jamie Ernewein
- Modern Human Anatomy Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew W Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Orr CM, Kivell TL, Tocheri MW. Mary Marzke, PhD: A pioneer and innovator in the study of the evolution of the human hand. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 183:e24892. [PMID: 38263793 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tracy L Kivell
- Department of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew W Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Sorrentino R, Carlson KJ, Orr CM, Pietrobelli A, Figus C, Li S, Conconi M, Sancisi N, Belvedere C, Zhu M, Fiorenza L, Hublin JJ, Jashashvili T, Novak M, Patel BA, Prang TC, Williams SA, Saers JPP, Stock JT, Ryan T, Myerson M, Leardini A, DeSilva J, Marchi D, Belcastro MG, Benazzi S. Morphological and evolutionary insights into the keystone element of the human foot's medial longitudinal arch. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1061. [PMID: 37857853 PMCID: PMC10587292 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is one of the most impactful adaptations in the hominin foot that emerged with bipedalism. When and how it evolved in the human lineage is still unresolved. Complicating the issue, clinical definitions of flatfoot in living Homo sapiens have not reached a consensus. Here we digitally investigate the navicular morphology of H. sapiens (living, archaeological, and fossil), great apes, and fossil hominins and its correlation with the MLA. A distinctive navicular shape characterises living H. sapiens with adult acquired flexible flatfoot, while the congenital flexible flatfoot exhibits a 'normal' navicular shape. All H. sapiens groups differentiate from great apes independently from variations in the MLA, likely because of bipedalism. Most australopith, H. naledi, and H. floresiensis navicular shapes are closer to those of great apes, which is inconsistent with a human-like MLA and instead might suggest a certain degree of arboreality. Navicular shape of OH 8 and fossil H. sapiens falls within the normal living H. sapiens spectrum of variation of the MLA (including congenital flexible flatfoot and individuals with a well-developed MLA). At the same time, H. neanderthalensis seem to be characterised by a different expression of the MLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - Kristian J Carlson
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa
| | - Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Annalisa Pietrobelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Carla Figus
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Shuyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michele Conconi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Health Sciences and Technologies, Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Nicola Sancisi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Health Sciences and Technologies, Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Claudio Belvedere
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Functional Evaluation of Prostheses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Luca Fiorenza
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Chaire Internationale de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241-U1050), Collège de France, Paris, France
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Tea Jashashvili
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, 0105, Georgia
| | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Biren A Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Thomas C Prang
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Scott A Williams
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, 10003, USA
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Jaap P P Saers
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333, CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Timothy Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mark Myerson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alberto Leardini
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Functional Evaluation of Prostheses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jeremy DeSilva
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
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Lamira JM, Wilson CS, Leppek NC, Orr CM, De la Rosa LM, Greany TJ. A pilot study of local anesthesia training using a mixed‐reality haptic fidelity model. J Dent Educ 2022; 87:583-591. [PMID: 36479700 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES One of the most difficult local anesthetic blocks to master in dentistry is the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Historically, dental students have practiced local anesthesia on one another. At the University of Colorado, these practice sessions have been limited to one required laboratory session. The predictability and confidence of student IANB success have not been high in the past. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel IANB simulator, built on a three dimensional (3D)-printed mixed-reality haptic model, for second-year dental students to practice on prior to their laboratory session. METHODS Thirty-nine student participants volunteered to practice with the IANB simulator. Participants were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Self-reported confidence and injection-specific accuracy were measured during IANB simulator practice and the laboratory session. During lab, partner numbness was assessed as a measure of IANB success. Groups A (n = 20) and B (n = 19) practiced with the simulator before and after laboratory, respectively. Injection domains were not assessed during Group B's practice with the IANB simulator. RESULTS Self-reported confidence increased for both groups (p < 0.001). However, for anesthetic success, Group A exhibited significantly greater success (52.6%) than Group B (17.6%) (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION Self-reported confidence in performing an IANB improved and higher anesthetic success was achieved for Group A. Further investigation is necessary to determine the long-term impact of using the IANB simulator in dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensine M. Lamira
- Department of Cellular and Developmental BiologySchool of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Charlotte S. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Noah C. Leppek
- Department of Cellular and Developmental BiologySchool of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Cellular and Developmental BiologySchool of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
- Department of Anthropology University of Colorado Denver Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Laurice M. De la Rosa
- Department of Surgical Dentistry, Division of Periodontics School of Dental Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Thomas J. Greany
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology School of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
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Wennemann SE, Lewton KL, Orr CM, Almécija S, Tocheri MW, Jungers WL, Patel BA. A geometric morphometric approach to investigate primate proximal phalanx diaphysis shape. Am J Biol Anthropol 2022; 177:581-602. [PMID: 35755956 PMCID: PMC9231826 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to quantify phalangeal curvature assume that the long axis of the bone's diaphysis approximates the shape of a portion of a circle (included angle method) or a parabola (second-degree polynomial method). Here we developed, tested, and employed an alternative geometric morphometrics-based approach to quantify diaphysis shape of proximal phalanges in humans, apes and monkeys with diverse locomotor behaviors. 100 landmarks of the central longitudinal axis were extracted from 3D surface models and analyzed using 2DGM methods, including Generalized Procrustes Analyses. Principal components analyses were performed and PC1 scores (>80% of variation) represented the dorsopalmar shape of the bone's central longitudinal axis and separated taxa consistently and in accord with known locomotor behavioral profiles. The most suspensory taxa, including orangutans, hylobatids and spider monkeys, had significantly lower PC1 scores reflecting the greatest amounts of phalangeal curvature. In contrast, bipedal humans and the quadrupedal cercopithecoid monkeys sampled (baboons, proboscis monkeys) exhibited significantly higher PC1 scores reflecting flatter phalanges. African ape (gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos) phalanges fell between these two extremes and were not significantly different from each other. PC1 scores were significantly correlated with both included angle and the a coefficient of a second-degree polynomial calculated from the same landmark dataset, but had a significantly higher correlation with included angles. Our alternative approach for quantifying diaphysis shape of proximal phalanges to investigate dorsopalmar curvature is replicable and does not assume a priori either a circle or parabola model of shape, making it an attractive alternative compared with existing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Wennemann
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kristi L. Lewton
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Sergio Almécija
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, c/ Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew W. Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada,Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - William L. Jungers
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA,Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Biren A. Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA,Corresponding author: Biren A. Patel, 1333 San Pablo Street, BMT 404, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, 90033, USA;
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Anaya A, Patel BA, Orr CM, Ward CV, Almécija S. Evolutionary trends of the lateral foot in catarrhine primates: Contextualizing the fourth metatarsal of Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 2021; 161:103078. [PMID: 34749002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2000, a complete fourth metatarsal (Mt4) of the ∼3- to 4-Million-year-old hominin Australopithecus afarensis was recovered in Hadar, Ethiopia. This metatarsal presented a mostly human-like morphology, suggesting that a rigid lateral foot may have evolved as early as ∼3.2 Ma. The lateral foot is integral in providing stability during the push off phase of gait and is key in understanding the transition to upright, striding bipedalism. Previous comparisons of this fossil were limited to Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and modern humans. This study builds on previous studies by contextualizing the Mt4 morphology of A. afarensis (A.L. 333-160) within a diverse comparative sample of nonhuman hominoids (n = 144) and cercopithecids (n = 138) and incorporates other early hominins (n = 3) and fossil hominoids that precede the Pan-Homo split (n = 4) to better assess the polarity of changes in lateral foot morphology surrounding this divergence. We investigate seven morphological features argued to be functionally linked to human-like bipedalism. Our results show that some human-like characters used to assess midfoot and lateral foot stiffness in the hominin fossil record are present in our Miocene ape sample as well as in living cercopithecids. Furthermore, modern nonhuman hominoids can be generally distinguished from other species in most metrics. These results suggest that the possession of a rigid foot in hominins could represent a conserved trait, whereas the specialized pedal grasping mechanics of extant apes may be more derived, in which case some traits often used to infer bipedal locomotion in early hominins may, instead, reflect a lower reliance on pedal grasping. Another possibility is that early hominins reverted from modern ape Mt4 morphology into a more plesiomorphic condition when terrestrial bipedality became a dominant behavior. More fossils dating around the Pan-Homo divergence time are necessary to test these competing hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Anaya
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Biren A Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carol V Ward
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Sergio Almécija
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA; New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, 10024, USA; Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Bowland LA, Scott JE, Kivell TL, Patel BA, Tocheri MW, Orr CM. Homo naledi pollical metacarpal shaft morphology is distinctive and intermediate between that of australopiths and other members of the genus Homo. J Hum Evol 2021; 158:103048. [PMID: 34340120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Homo naledi fossils from the Rising Star cave system provide important insights into the diversity of hand morphology within the genus Homo. Notably, the pollical (thumb) metacarpal (Mc1) displays an unusual suite of characteristics including a median longitudinal crest, a narrow proximal base, and broad flaring intrinsic muscle flanges. The present study evaluates the affinities of H. naledi Mc1 morphology via 3D geometric morphometric analysis of shaft shape using a broader comparative sample (n = 337) of fossil hominins, recent humans, apes, and cercopithecoid monkeys than in prior work. Results confirm that the H. naledi Mc1 is distinctive from most other hominins in being narrow at the proximal end but surmounted by flaring muscle flanges distally. Only StW 418 (Australopithecus cf. africanus) is similar in these aspects of shape. The gracile proximal shaft is most similar to cercopithecoids, Pan, Pongo, Australopithecus afarensis, and Australopithecus sediba, suggesting that H. naledi retains the condition primitive for the genus Homo. In contrast, Neandertal Mc1s are characterized by wide proximal bases and shafts, pinched midshafts, and broad distal flanges, while those of recent humans generally have straight shafts, less robust muscle flanges, and wide proximal shafts/bases. Although uncertainties remain regarding character polarity, the morphology of the H. naledi thumb might be interpreted as a retained intermediate state in a transformation series between the overall gracility of the shaft and the robust shafts of later hominins. Such a model suggests that the addition of broad medial and lateral muscle flanges to a primitively slender shaft was the first modification in transforming the Mc1 into the overall more robust structure exhibited by other Homo taxa including Neandertals and recent Homo sapiens in whose shared lineage the bases and proximal shafts became expanded, possibly as an adaptation to the repeated recruitment of powerful intrinsic pollical muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna A Bowland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jill E Scott
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA; Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracy L Kivell
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Biren A Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew W Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7K 1L8, Canada; Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560, USA; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA.
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Patel BA, Orr CM, Jashashvili T. Strength properties of extant hominoid hallucal and pollical metapodials. J Hum Evol 2020; 143:102774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Szuster DA, Patel BA, Orr CM. A novel approach to resolving the brachial index issue of A.L. 288‐1 (“Lucy”) using 3D computer models of hominid forelimb bones. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.613.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Szuster
- Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | - Biren A. Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical SciencesKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Colorado DenverDenverCO
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Sollaccio DR, Navo P, Ghiassi A, Orr CM, Patel BA, Lewton KL. Evaluation of Articular Surface Similarity of Hemi-Hamate Grafts and Proximal Middle Phalanx Morphology: A 3D Geometric Morphometric Approach. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:121-128. [PMID: 30017649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemi-hamate arthroplasty has been described as a viable treatment option for unstable proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations. The procedure uses a dorsal distal hamate osteochondral graft to recreate the injured volar middle phalanx (MP) proximal base. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the similarity in shape of these articular surfaces using quantitative 3-dimensional methods. METHODS Three-dimensional virtual renderings were created from laser scans of the articular surfaces of the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP bases of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers from cadaveric hands of 25 individuals. Three-dimensional landmarks were obtained from the articular surfaces of each bone and subjected to established geometric morphometric analytical approaches to quantify shape. For each individual, bone shapes were evaluated for covariation using 2-block partial least-squares and principal component analyses. RESULTS No statistically significant covariation was found between the dorsal distal hamate and volar MP bases of the middle, ring, or little digits. Whereas the volar MP bases demonstrated relative morphologic uniformity among the 4 digits both within and between individuals, the dorsal distal hamates exhibited notable variation in articular surface morphology. CONCLUSIONS Despite the early to midterm clinical success of hemi-hamate arthroplasty, there is no statistically significant, uniform similarity in shape between the articular surfaces of the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP base. In addition, there is wide variation in the articular morphology of the hamate among individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The lack of uniform similarity in shape between the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP base may result in unpredictable outcomes in HHA. It is recommended that the variation in hamate morphology be considered while reconstructing the injured volar MP base in the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sollaccio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Paul Navo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alidad Ghiassi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
| | - Biren A Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristi L Lewton
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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11
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Orr CM. Kinematics of the anthropoid os centrale and the functional consequences of scaphoid-centrale fusion in African apes and hominins. J Hum Evol 2017; 114:102-117. [PMID: 29447753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In most primates, the os centrale is interposed between the scaphoid, trapezoid, trapezium, and head of the capitate, thus constituting a component of the wrist's midcarpal complex. Scaphoid-centrale fusion is among the clearest morphological synapomorphies of African apes and hominins. Although it might facilitate knuckle-walking by increasing the rigidity and stability of the radial side of the wrist, the exact functional significance of scaphoid-centrale fusion is unclear. If fusion acts to produce a more rigid radial wrist that stabilizes the hand and limits shearing stresses, then in taxa with a free centrale, it should anchor ligaments that check extension and radial deviation, but exhibit motion independent of the scaphoid. Moreover, because the centrale sits between the scaphoid and capitate (a major stabilizing articulation), scaphoid-centrale mobility should correlate with scaphocapitate mobility in extension and radial deviation. To test these hypotheses, the centrale's ligamentous binding was investigated via dissection in Pongo and Papio, and the kinematics of the centrale were quantified in a cadaveric sample of anthropoids (Pongo sp., Ateles geoffroyi, Colobus guereza, Macaca mulatta, and Papio anubis) using a computed-tomography-based method to track wrist-bone motion. Results indicate that the centrale rotates freely relative to the scaphoid in all taxa. However, centrale mobility is only correlated with scaphocapitate mobility during extension in Pongo-possibly due to differences in overall wrist configuration between apes and monkeys. If an extant ape-like wrist characterized early ancestors of African apes and hominins, then scaphoid-centrale fusion would have increased midcarpal rigidity in extension relative to the primitive condition. Although biomechanically consistent with a knuckle-walking hominin ancestor, this assumes that the trait evolved specifically for that biological role, which must be squared with contradictory interpretations of extant and fossil hominoid morphology. Regardless of its original adaptive significance, scaphoid-centrale fusion likely presented a constraint on early hominin midcarpal mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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12
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Williams AA, Patel BA, Tocheri MW, Orr CM. Sexual Dimorphism in Bones of the Thenar and Hypothenar Aspects of the Hand. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.393.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery A. Williams
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Biren A. Patel
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Department of Cell and NeurobiologyKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Matthew W. Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC
- Department of AnthropologyLakehead UniversityThunderbayONCanada
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of ColoradoDenverDenverCO
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13
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Orr CM. Locomotor Hand Postures, Carpal Kinematics During Wrist Extension, and Associated Morphology in Anthropoid Primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 300:382-401. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caley M. Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineMail Stop F435, 13001 East 17th PlaceAurora Colorado
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14
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Tocheri MW, Dommain R, McFarlin SC, Burnett SE, Troy Case D, Orr CM, Roach NT, Villmoare B, Eriksen AB, Kalthoff DC, Senck S, Assefa Z, Groves CP, Jungers WL. The evolutionary origin and population history of the grauer gorilla. Am J Phys Anthropol 2016; 159:S4-S18. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Tocheri
- Department of AnthropologyLakehead UniversityThunder Bay OntarioP7B 5E1 Canada
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC20013 USA
| | - René Dommain
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC20013 USA
| | - Shannon C. McFarlin
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid PaleobiologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington, DC20052 USA
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC20013 USA
| | - Scott E. Burnett
- Department of AnthropologyEckerd CollegeSt Petersburg FL33711 USA
| | - D. Troy Case
- Department of Sociology and AnthropologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC27695 USA
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora CO80045 USA
| | - Neil T. Roach
- Department of Human Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridge, MA02138
- Division of AnthropologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY10024 USA
| | - Brian Villmoare
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Nevada Las VegasLas Vegas NV89154 USA
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0BW UK
| | - Amandine B. Eriksen
- Department of AnthropologyThe State University of New YorkBuffalo NY14260 USA
| | | | - Sascha Senck
- Fakultät für Technik und Umweltwissenschaften, University of Applied Sciences Upper AustriaWels4600 Austria
| | - Zelalem Assefa
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC20013 USA
| | - Colin P. Groves
- School of Archaeology and AnthropologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200 Australia
| | - William L. Jungers
- Department of Anatomical SciencesStony Brook University Medical CenterStony Brook NY11794 USA
- Association VahatraBP3972 Madagascar
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Kivell TL, Deane AS, Tocheri MW, Orr CM, Schmid P, Hawks J, Berger LR, Churchill SE. The hand of Homo naledi. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8431. [PMID: 26441219 PMCID: PMC4597335 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A nearly complete right hand of an adult hominin was recovered from the Rising Star cave system, South Africa. Based on associated hominin material, the bones of this hand are attributed to Homo naledi. This hand reveals a long, robust thumb and derived wrist morphology that is shared with Neandertals and modern humans, and considered adaptive for intensified manual manipulation. However, the finger bones are longer and more curved than in most australopiths, indicating frequent use of the hand during life for strong grasping during locomotor climbing and suspension. These markedly curved digits in combination with an otherwise human-like wrist and palm indicate a significant degree of climbing, despite the derived nature of many aspects of the hand and other regions of the postcranial skeleton in H. naledi. It is unclear to what extent early hominins were adapted to arboreal climbing. Here, the authors show that the nearly complete hand of H. naledi from South Africa has markedly curved digits and otherwise human-like wrist and palm, which indicates the retention of a significant degree of climbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Kivell
- Animal Postcranial Evolution Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Andrew S Deane
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MN 224 UK Medical Centre, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0098, USA
| | - Matthew W Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada P7K 1L8.,Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560, USA
| | - Caley M Orr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Peter Schmid
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.,Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zuerich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zuerich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - John Hawks
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.,Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53593, USA
| | - Lee R Berger
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Steven E Churchill
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, North Carolina 27708-9976, USA
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16
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Berger LR, Hawks J, de Ruiter DJ, Churchill SE, Schmid P, Delezene LK, Kivell TL, Garvin HM, Williams SA, DeSilva JM, Skinner MM, Musiba CM, Cameron N, Holliday TW, Harcourt-Smith W, Ackermann RR, Bastir M, Bogin B, Bolter D, Brophy J, Cofran ZD, Congdon KA, Deane AS, Dembo M, Drapeau M, Elliott MC, Feuerriegel EM, Garcia-Martinez D, Green DJ, Gurtov A, Irish JD, Kruger A, Laird MF, Marchi D, Meyer MR, Nalla S, Negash EW, Orr CM, Radovcic D, Schroeder L, Scott JE, Throckmorton Z, Tocheri MW, VanSickle C, Walker CS, Wei P, Zipfel B. Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa. eLife 2015; 4:e09560. [PMID: 26354291 PMCID: PMC4559886 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H. naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis. While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a humanlike foot and lower limb. These humanlike aspects are contrasted in the postcrania with a more primitive or australopith-like trunk, shoulder, pelvis and proximal femur. Representing at least 15 individuals with most skeletal elements repeated multiple times, this is the largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet discovered in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee R Berger
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John Hawks
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Darryl J de Ruiter
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Steven E Churchill
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Peter Schmid
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas K Delezene
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, United States
| | - Tracy L Kivell
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heather M Garvin
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology/Archaeology and Department of Applied Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst University, Erie, United States
| | - Scott A Williams
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States
| | - Jeremy M DeSilva
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charles M Musiba
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, United States
| | - Noel Cameron
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Trenton W Holliday
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - William Harcourt-Smith
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Lehman College, Bronx, United States
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
| | - Rebecca R Ackermann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Markus Bastir
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barry Bogin
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Bolter
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, United States
| | - Juliet Brophy
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Zachary D Cofran
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kimberly A Congdon
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Andrew S Deane
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, United States
| | - Mana Dembo
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Human Evolutionary Studies Program and Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Michelle Drapeau
- Department d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marina C Elliott
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Human Evolutionary Studies Program and Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Elen M Feuerriegel
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel Garcia-Martinez
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Green
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, United States
| | - Alia Gurtov
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Joel D Irish
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Kruger
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Myra F Laird
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc R Meyer
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, United States
| | - Shahed Nalla
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Enquye W Negash
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Caley M Orr
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Davorka Radovcic
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lauren Schroeder
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jill E Scott
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Zachary Throckmorton
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, United States
| | - Matthew W Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Caroline VanSickle
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- Department of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Christopher S Walker
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Pianpian Wei
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Zipfel
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Fernández PJ, Almécija S, Patel BA, Orr CM, Tocheri MW, Jungers WL. Functional aspects of metatarsal head shape in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys. J Hum Evol 2015; 86:136-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Almécija S, Orr CM, Tocheri MW, Patel BA, Jungers WL. Exploring Phylogenetic and Functional Signals in Complex Morphologies: The Hamate of Extant Anthropoids as a Test-Case Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:212-29. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Almécija
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Stony Brook New York
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), campus de la UAB, c/ de les Columnes, s/n., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
- NYCEP Morphometrics Group
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Anatomy; Midwestern University; Downers Grove Illinois
| | - Matthew W. Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; 10th and Constitution Avenue NW Washington DC
- Department of Anthropology; Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Biren A. Patel
- Cell and Neurobiology; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - William L. Jungers
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Stony Brook New York
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Knigge RP, Tocheri MW, Orr CM, Mcnulty KP. Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Talar Morphology in Extant Gorilla Taxa from Highland and Lowland Habitats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:277-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Knigge
- Evolutionary Anthropology Lab, Department of Anthropology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Matthew W. Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC
- Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology; The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Anatomy; Midwestern University; Downers Grove Illinois
| | - Kieran P. Mcnulty
- Evolutionary Anthropology Lab, Department of Anthropology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
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20
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Goodenberger KE, Boyer DM, Orr CM, Jacobs RL, Femiani JC, Patel BA. Functional morphology of the hallucal metatarsal with implications for inferring grasping ability in extinct primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 2014; 156:327-48. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Doug M. Boyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology; Duke University; Durham NC 27708
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Anatomy; Midwestern University; Downers Grove IL 60515
| | - Rachel L. Jacobs
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794
| | - John C. Femiani
- Fulton Schools of Engineering; Arizona State University Polytechnic Campus; Mesa AZ 85212
| | - Biren A. Patel
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089
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Dunn RH, Tocheri MW, Orr CM, Jungers WL. Ecological divergence and talar morphology in gorillas. Am J Phys Anthropol 2013; 153:526-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Dunn
- Department of Anatomy; Des Moines University; Des Moines IA 50312
| | - Matthew W. Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC 20560
- Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology; The George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
| | - Caley M. Orr
- Department of Anatomy; Midwestern University; Downers Grove IL 60515
| | - William L. Jungers
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794
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Orr CM, Tocheri MW, Burnett SE, Awe RD, Saptomo EW, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Wasisto S, Morwood MJ, Jungers WL. New wrist bones of Homo floresiensis from Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia). J Hum Evol 2013; 64:109-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tocheri MW, Solhan CR, Orr CM, Femiani J, Frohlich B, Groves CP, Harcourt-Smith WE, Richmond BG, Shoelson B, Jungers WL. Ecological divergence and medial cuneiform morphology in gorillas. J Hum Evol 2011; 60:171-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Orr CM, Leventhal EL, Chivers SF, Marzke MW, Wolfe SW, Crisco JJ. Studying primate carpal kinematics in three dimensions using a computed-tomography-based markerless registration method. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:692-709. [PMID: 20235325 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The functional morphology of the wrist pertains to a number of important questions in primate evolutionary biology, including that of hominins. Reconstructing locomotor and manipulative capabilities of the wrist in extinct species requires a detailed understanding of wrist biomechanics in extant primates and the relationship between carpal form and function. The kinematics of carpal movement, and the role individual joints play in providing mobility and stability of the wrist, is central to such efforts. However, there have been few detailed biomechanical studies of the nonhuman primate wrist. This is largely because of the complexity of wrist morphology and the considerable technical challenges involved in tracking the movements of the many small bones that compose the carpus. The purpose of this article is to introduce and outline a method adapted from human clinical studies of three-dimensional (3D) carpal kinematics for use in a comparative context. The method employs computed tomography of primate cadaver forelimbs in increments throughout the wrist's range of motion, coupled with markerless registration of 3D polygon models based on inertial properties of each bone. The 3D kinematic principles involved in extracting motion axis parameters that describe bone movement are reviewed. In addition, a set of anatomically based coordinate systems embedded in the radius, capitate, hamate, lunate, and scaphoid is presented for the benefit of other primate functional morphologists interested in studying carpal kinematics. Finally, a brief demonstration of how the application of these methods can elucidate the mechanics of the wrist in primates illustrates the closer-packing of carpals in chimpanzees than in orangutans, which may help to stabilize the midcarpus and produce a more rigid wrist beneficial for efficient hand posturing during knuckle-walking locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley M Orr
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA.
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Marzke MW, Tocheri MW, Steinberg B, Femiani JD, Reece SP, Linscheid RL, Orr CM, Marzke RF. Comparative 3D quantitative analyses of trapeziometacarpal joint surface curvatures among living catarrhines and fossil hominins. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010; 141:38-51. [PMID: 19544574 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of joint surface curvature at the base of the thumb have long been made to discern differences among living and fossil primates in functional capabilities of the hand. However, the complex shape of this joint makes it difficult to quantify differences among taxa. The purpose of this study is to determine whether significant differences in curvature exist among selected catarrhine genera and to compare these genera with hominin fossils in trapeziometacarpal curvature. Two 3D approaches are used to quantify curvatures of the trapezial and metacarpal joint surfaces: (1) stereophotogrammetry with nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) calculation of joint curvature to compare modern humans with captive chimpanzees and (2) laser scanning with a quadric-based calculation of curvature to compare modern humans and wild-caught Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, and Papio. Both approaches show that Homo has significantly lower curvature of the joint surfaces than does Pan. The second approach shows that Gorilla has significantly more curvature than modern humans, while Pongo overlaps with humans and African apes. The surfaces in Papio are more cylindrical and flatter than in Homo. Australopithecus afarensis resembles African apes more than modern humans in curvatures, whereas the Homo habilis trapezial metacarpal surface is flatter than in all genera except Papio. Neandertals fall at one end of the modern human range of variation, with smaller dorsovolar curvature. Modern human topography appears to be derived relative to great apes and Australopithecus and contributes to the distinctive human morphology that facilitates forceful precision and power gripping, fundamental to human manipulative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Marzke
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA.
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Abstract
Molecular evidence indicates that the last common ancestor of the genus Pan and the hominin clade existed between 8 and 4 million years ago (Ma). The current fossil record indicates the Pan-Homo last common ancestor existed at least 5 Ma and most likely between 6 and 7 Ma. Together, the molecular and fossil evidence has important consequences for interpreting the evolutionary history of the hand within the tribe Hominini (hominins). Firstly, parsimony supports the hypothesis that the hand of the last common ancestor most likely resembled that of an extant great ape overall (Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo), and that of an African ape in particular. Second, it provides a context for interpreting the derived changes to the hand that have evolved in various hominins. For example, the Australopithecus afarensis hand is likely derived in comparison with that of the Pan-Homo last common ancestor in having shorter fingers relative to thumb length and more proximo-distally oriented joints between its capitate, second metacarpal, and trapezium. This evidence suggests that these derived features evolved prior to the intensification of stone tool-related hominin behaviors beginning around 2.5 Ma. However, a majority of primitive features most likely present in the Pan-Homo last common ancestor are retained in the hands of Australopithecus, Paranthropus/early Homo, and Homo floresiensis. This evidence suggests that further derived changes to the hands of other hominins such as modern humans and Neandertals did not evolve until after 2.5 Ma and possibly even later than 1.5 Ma, which is currently the earliest evidence of Acheulian technology. The derived hands of modern humans and Neandertals may indicate a morphological commitment to tool-related manipulative behaviors beyond that observed in other hominins, including those (e.g. H. floresiensis) which may be descended from earlier tool-making species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.
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Tocheri MW, Orr CM, Larson SG, Sutikna T, Saptomo EW, Due RA, Djubiantono T, Morwood MJ, Jungers WL. The primitive wrist of Homo floresiensis and its implications for hominin evolution. Science 2007; 317:1743-5. [PMID: 17885135 DOI: 10.1126/science.1147143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whether the Late Pleistocene hominin fossils from Flores, Indonesia, represent a new species, Homo floresiensis, or pathological modern humans has been debated. Analysis of three wrist bones from the holotype specimen (LB1) shows that it retains wrist morphology that is primitive for the African ape-human clade. In contrast, Neandertals and modern humans share derived wrist morphology that forms during embryogenesis, which diminishes the probability that pathology could result in the normal primitive state. This evidence indicates that LB1 is not a modern human with an undiagnosed pathology or growth defect; rather, it represents a species descended from a hominin ancestor that branched off before the origin of the clade that includes modern humans, Neandertals, and their last common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Tocheri
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
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Wolfe SW, Crisco JJ, Orr CM, Marzke MW. The dart-throwing motion of the wrist: is it unique to humans? J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31:1429-37. [PMID: 17095370 PMCID: PMC3260558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Kinematic analysis has shown a near-stationary proximal carpal row during the dart-thrower's motion, which is believed to provide a stable platform for the generation of force and accuracy during certain power and precision grip activities. This finding is consistent with evidence in the human hand of adaptations that enabled effective manipulation of stones, cylindric wood, and bone tools for throwing and clubbing. There are at least two possible explanations for the observed human proximal carpal row kinematics. One is that it is retained from a previous common ancestor with great apes and previously adapted to some form of foraging or locomotor behavior involving the hands, but was recruited for tool use after we diverged from the apes. The second is that it evolved after our divergence from apes, in synchrony with adaptations in the human hand to the manipulation of tools, and central to the development of the human's unique ability to aim and accelerate tools and weapons.
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Orr CM. Knuckle-walking anteater: a convergence test of adaptation for purported knuckle-walking features of African Hominidae. Am J Phys Anthropol 2005; 128:639-58. [PMID: 15861420 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Appeals to synapomorphic features of the wrist and hand in African apes, early hominins, and modern humans as evidence of knuckle-walking ancestry for the hominin lineage rely on accurate interpretations of those features as adaptations to knuckle-walking locomotion. Because Gorilla, Pan, and Homo share a relatively close common ancestor, the interpretation of such features is confounded somewhat by phylogeny. The study presented here examines the evolution of a similar locomotor regime in New World anteaters (order Xenarthra, family Myrmecophagidae) and uses the terrestrial giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) as a convergence test of adaptation for purported knuckle-walking features of the Hominidae. During the stance phase of locomotion, Myrmecophaga transmits loads through flexed digits and a vertical manus, with hyperextension occurring at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the weight-bearing rays. This differs from the locomotion of smaller, arboreal anteaters of outgroup genera Tamandua and Cyclopes that employ extended wrist postures during above-branch quadrupedality. A number of features shared by Myrmecophaga and Pan and Gorilla facilitate load transmission or limit extension, thereby stabilizing the wrist and hand during knuckle-walking, and distinguish these taxa from their respective outgroups. These traits are a distally extended dorsal ridge of the distal radius, proximal expansion of the nonarticular surface of the dorsal capitate, a pronounced articular ridge on the dorsal aspects of the load-bearing metacarpal heads, and metacarpal heads that are wider dorsally than volarly. Only the proximal expansion of the nonarticular area of the dorsal capitate distinguishes knuckle-walkers from digitigrade cercopithecids, but features shared with digitigrade primates might be adaptive to the use of a vertical manus of some sort in the stance phase of terrestrial locomotion. The appearance of capitate nonarticular expansion and the dorsal ridge of the distal radius in the hominin lineage might be indicative of a knuckle-walking ancestry for bipedal hominins if interpreted within the biomechanical and phylogenetic context of hominid locomotor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley M Orr
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Human Origins, and NSF IGERT Program in Neural and Musculoskeletal Adaptation in Form and Function, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-2402, USA.
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Abstract
Anthropometric data from a Tukanoan population in the Vaupes region of Colombia and an Achuar population in the Ecuadorian Amazon were compared relative to international references. The Tukanoans exploit an oligotrophic blackwater ecosystem, whereas the Achuar inhabit a resource rich montane ecosystem. Given this ecological distinction, three hypotheses regarding nutritional statuses were proposed: (1) Tukanoans are significantly shorter than the Achuar, indicating a greater degree of stunting; (2) Tukanoans are significantly leaner, indicating a greater degree of wasting; and (3) Tukanaons have significantly lower upper arm muscle area, indicating lower lean body mass. Z-scores for height, weight-for-height, and estimated upper arm muscle area were determined and significant nutritional stress was assumed at z < or = -2.0. Between population differences in z-scores for height-for-age (ZHT), weight-for-height (ZWH), and upper arm muscle area (ZUMA) were examined using analysis of variance with a subsequent Scheffe's test. Between-group differences in the frequencies of individuals with low z-scores (z < or = -2.0) were assessed via chi-squared analysis. Both populations showed stunting in most age groups, but neither showed low ZWH or ZUMA. Significant differences between populations were found only for ZHT in children (females 1.0-4.9 and 5.0-9.9 years, and males 5.0-9.9 years). Tukanoans have significantly higher frequencies of stunting in all age-sex groups except females and males age 30-49.9 years. There were no significant between-population differences in the frequencies of individuals with low ZWH or ZUMA. These differences in nutritional status may reflect differences in resource availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Orr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309-0233, USA
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Nasser TK, Fry ET, Annan K, Khatib Y, Peters TF, VanTassel J, Orr CM, Waller BF, Pinto R, Pinkerton CA, Hermiller JB. Comparison of six-month outcome of coronary artery stenting in patients <65, 65-75, and >75 years of age. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:998-1001. [PMID: 9352967 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied 1,238 patients receiving 1,880 coronary stents. In-hospital outcomes were divided by age into <65 years (n = 747, group 1), 65 to 75 years (n = 326, group 2), and >75 years (n = 165, group 3). Procedural success was 97.2%, 95.1%, and 98.8% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = NS). There was 1 death (group 1). Myocardial infarction occurred in 1.2%, 2.8%, and 1.8%, bypass surgery occurred in 0.9%, 1.8%, and 1.2%, and repeat balloon angioplasty in 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0% of patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = NS for all comparisons). Vascular complications occurred in 2.8%, 4.9%, and 6.1% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p <0.05). Six-month follow-up of patients was divided by age: <65 years (n = 564, group 1); 65 to 75 years (n = 221, group 2); and >75 years (n = 122, group 3). Event-free survival was 94.5%, 90.5%, and 89.3% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = NS). Death occurred in 0.4%, 0.5%, and 1.6%; myocardial infarction occurred in 1.2%, 2.3%, and 1.6%, and target vessel revascularization in 4.3%, 8.6%, and 7.4% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = NS for all comparisons). Thus, coronary stenting produced favorable in-hospital and 6-month outcomes in all 3 age groups. Age itself should not preclude patients from undergoing coronary stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Nasser
- Nasser, Smith, Pinkerton Cardiology, Inc., Indiana Heart Institute, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to describe the configuration, and investigate the mechanisms, of QRS changes occurring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). BACKGROUND QRS changes during PTCA have been attributed to both a passive ST segment shift and conduction disturbances (peri-ischemic block). The direct relation between ST segment shift and QRS changes, however, has not been established, and the definition of conduction disturbances remains to be clarified. METHODS Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded before PTCA, at the end of 2 min of PTCA and after return to baseline values in 29 patients (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] in 13 patients, right coronary artery [RCA] in 14 and left circumflex coronary artery in 2). Electrocardiographic complexes before and during PTCA were superimposed to determine the amplitudes of initial, terminal and total QRS deflection; the relations of QRS changes to baseline (TP segment) and ST segment shift; and the duration of QRS and corrected QT intervals. RESULTS. 1) The direction of the initial QRS deflection was unchanged, but changes of its amplitude occurred. 2) Terminal QRS deflection changed in all patients with a ST segment shift > 17% of the R amplitude, and the correlation between the decrease in the S amplitude and ST segment shift was significant (r = 0.9, p < 0.01) in patients with LAD PTCA. Correlation between changes in total QRS amplitude and ST segment shift in patients with RCA PTCA was weaker (r = 0.54, p = 0.056). 3) Transient conduction disturbance manifested by QRS widening in selected leads occurred in 2 of 29 patients. CONCLUSIONS. 1) Changes in terminal QRS deflection during PTCA are proportional to the magnitude of the ST segment shift. 2) Conduction disturbances manifested by increased QRS duration occurred infrequently. We suggest that the term peri-ischemic block be applied only to changes in QRS configuration associated with QRS widening.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Surawicz
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Waller BF, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Peters T, Fry E, Hermiller J, Grider LD. Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: a review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures--Part VI. Clin Cardiol 1997; 20:153-60. [PMID: 9034645 PMCID: PMC6655806 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/1996] [Accepted: 06/20/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part VI of this six-part series focuses on atherectomy and restenosis tissue obtained by atherectomy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Waller BF, Orr CM, Van Tassel J, Peters T, Fry E, Hermiller J, Grider LD. Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: a review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures--Part V. Clin Cardiol 1997; 20:67-74. [PMID: 8994741 PMCID: PMC6655373 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/1996] [Accepted: 06/27/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effect on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part V of this six-part series focuses on remodeling effects of balloon angioplasty on obstructed young (< or = 1 year) and old (> 1 year) saphenous vein bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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35
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Waller BF, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Peters T, Fry E, Hermiller J, Grider LD. Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: a review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures--Part IV. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:960-6. [PMID: 8957601 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960191212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part IV of this six-part series focuses on morphologic correlates of coronary angiographic patterns of remodeling after balloon angioplasty and discusses effects of angioplasty on adjacent, nondilated vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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36
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Waller BF, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Peters T, Fry E, Hermiller J, Grider LD. Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: A review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures--Part III. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:895-901. [PMID: 8914785 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960191111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part III of this six-part series focuses on intimal proliferation and chronic recoil in patients undergoing previous remodeling techniques by balloon angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, USA
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37
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Waller BF, Fry ET, Peters TF, Hermiller JB, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Pinkerton CA. Abrupt (< 1 day), acute (< 1 week), and early (< 1 month) vessel closure at the angioplasty site. Morphologic observations and causes of closure in 130 necropsy patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:857-68. [PMID: 8914779 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960191105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While abundant clinical and angiographic data are available regarding features of acute or abrupt closure at the site of balloon angioplasty, little morphologic information is available. This study discusses morphologic-histologic causes for acute closure after angioplasty in 130 necropsy patients. Intimal-medial flaps, elastic recoil, and primary thrombosis were the three leading morphologic causes for closure. Data were subdivided into time categories: abrupt (< 1 day), acute (< 1 week), and early (< 1 month). Intimal-medial flaps remained the most common cause for angioplasty closure despite time from angioplasty to documented occlusion. Morphologic recognition of types and frequencies of angioplasty closure are discussed, and specific mechanical, pharmacologic, or combined treatments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, USA
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38
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Waller BF, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Peters T, Fry E, Hermiller J, Grider LD. Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: a review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures--Part II. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:817-23. [PMID: 8896915 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960191011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part II of this six-part series focuses on morphologic causes of acute closure after remodeling and discusses findings late after successful balloon angioplasty remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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39
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Waller BF, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Peters T, Fry E, Hermiller J, Grider LD. Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: a review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures--Part I. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:744-8. [PMID: 8874995 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960190913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part I of this six-part series focuses on mechanisms of remodeling after various interventional techniques, particularly balloon angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Hermiller JB, Fry ET, Peters TF, Orr CM, Van Tassel J, Waller B, Pinkerton CA. Late coronary artery stenosis regression within the Gianturco-Roubin intracoronary stent. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77:247-51. [PMID: 8607402 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)89387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The late angiographic outcome of the Gianturco-Roubin intracoronary stent has not been well defined. To investigate serial changes within the stent, we studied 23 patients (15 men and 8 women, median age 63) who had late angiographic follow-up ( > 1 year) after undergoing Gianturco-Roubin stenting for angioplasty-associated acute or threatened native coronary artery closure. Coronary angiography before and after stenting, at 6-month follow-up, and at late return was analyzed with quantitative coronary angiography. The median time from stent deployment to late angiographic follow-up was 27 months. As expected, stenting significantly increased the median minimal lumen diameter (MLD) acutely from 1.0 to 2.46 mm. Median percent diameter stenosis decreased from 66% to 18%. Although at 6 months there was a significant loss of the acute gain (median MLD decreased from 2.46 to 1.9 mm), with a corresponding increase in percent stenosis from 18% to 31%, late angiography demonstrated lesion regression, median MLD increasing from 1.9 to 2.15 mm (p = 0.004), and percent stenosis decreasing from 31% to 21% (p = 0.0026). No patient had a significant decline in minimal lesion diameter, and 5 patients had a > 50% increase in MLD at late follow-up. Linear regression analysis of 6-month MLD and late lumen gain suggested that lesions with the greatest regression were those with the lowest lumen diameters at 6-month angiography. Late angiographic analysis demonstrated significant lesion regression within the Gianturco-Roubin stent, which was sometimes dramatic. In suggesting that coronary arteriography at 6 months may underestimate the late angiographic benefit of intracoronary stenting, these data have important clinical implications, and imply that patients with a stable clinical course and angiographic stent restenosis may often be followed rather than routinely redilated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Hermiller
- Nasser, Smith & Pinkerton Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Fry ET, Hermiller JB, Peters TF, Orr CM, VanTassel J, Waller BF, Pinkerton CA. Indications for and applications of the Gianturco-Roubin coronary stent. Cardiol Clin 1994; 12:631-49. [PMID: 7850834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Gianturco-Roubin coronary stent is approved for and effective in the management of acute or threatened closure after unsuccessful coronary intervention. Factors critical to successful stenting include patient and lesion selection, preprocedure identification of patients in potential need of stenting, selection of stent-compatible ancillary equipment, appropriate antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, postdeployment stent dilatation, and careful sizing of stents. Further refinements of technique and adjunctive drug therapy should continue to improve results and avoid acute complications. Published clinical experience and potential future applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Fry
- Nasser, Smith & Pinkerton Cardiology, Inc., Indiana Heart Institute, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis
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Waller BF, Orr CM, Slack JD, Pinkerton CA, Van Tassel J, Peters T. Anatomy, histology, and pathology of coronary arteries: a review relevant to new interventional and imaging techniques--Part IV. Clin Cardiol 1992; 15:675-87. [PMID: 1395203 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960150911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, intense interest has focused on various interventional pharmacologic and mechanical forms of therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis coronary artery disease. Many techniques and devices (dilating balloons, perfusion catheters, thermal probes and balloons, lasers, atherectomy devices, stents, intravascular ultrasound) have been used or are under study for future use. Many of these techniques and devices require an understanding of histologic and pathologic features of the coronary arteries and diseases which affect them. This article reviews selective areas of anatomy, histology, and pathology relevant to the use of various new interventional techniques. Part IV of this review will focus on congenital coronary artery anomalies, myocardial bridges, coronary aneurysm, emboli, and dissection and clinical implications regarding echocardiographic imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Waller BF, Orr CM, Slack JD, Pinkerton CA, Van Tassel JV, Peters T. Anatomy, histology, and pathology of coronary arteries: a review relevant to new interventional and imaging techniques--Part III. Clin Cardiol 1992; 15:607-15. [PMID: 1499190 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960150812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, intense interest has focused on various interventional, pharmacologic, and mechanical forms of therapy for the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Many techniques and devices (dilating balloons, perfusion catheters, thermal probes and balloons, lasers, atherectomy devices, stents, intravascular ultrasound) have been used or are under study for future use. Many of these techniques and devices require an understanding of histologic and pathologic features of the coronary arteries and diseases which affect them. This article reviews selective areas of anatomy, histology, and pathology relevant to the use of various new interventional techniques. Part III of this four-part review focuses on eccentric and concentric plaques, formation of coronary thrombus, and status of the "infarct artery" after mechanical and pharmacologic forms of acute reperfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Waller BF, Orr CM, Slack JD, Pinkerton CA, Van Tassel J, Peters T. Anatomy, histology, and pathology of coronary arteries: a review relevant to new interventional and imaging techniques--Part II. Clin Cardiol 1992; 15:535-40. [PMID: 1499179 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960150712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, intense interest has focused on various interventional, pharmacologic, and mechanical forms of therapy for the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Many techniques and devices (dilating balloons, perfusion catheters, thermal probes and balloons, lasers, atherectomy devices, stents, intravascular ultrasound) have been used or are under study for future use. Many of these techniques and devices require an understanding of histologic and pathologic features of the coronary arteries and diseases which affect them. This article reviews selective areas of anatomy, histology, and pathology relevant to the use of various new interventional techniques. Part II of this four-part review will focus on aging changes seen in the epicardial coronary arteries and will review selected features of atherosclerotic plaque, including fissure and topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Waller BF, Orr CM, Slack JD, Pinkerton CA, Van Tassel J, Peters T. Anatomy, histology, and pathology of coronary arteries: a review relevant to new interventional and imaging techniques--Part I. Clin Cardiol 1992; 15:451-7. [PMID: 1617826 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960150613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, intense interest has focused on various interventional pharmacologic and mechanical forms of therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis coronary artery disease. Many techniques and devices (dilating balloons, perfusion catheters, thermal probes and balloons, lasers, atherectomy devices, stents, intravascular ultrasound) have been used or are under study for future use. Many of these techniques and devices require an understanding of histologic and pathologic features of the coronary arteries and diseases which affect them. This article reviews selective areas of anatomy, histology, and pathology relevant to the use of various new interventional techniques. Part I of this review will focus on anatomic aspects of the epicardial coronary artery system, coronary arterial distribution, myocardial supply, and histologic features of the normal coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract
Pericardial heart disease is a common entity at necropsy. Frequently, focal areas of fibrin deposits or parietal-visceral pericardial adhesion are observed at necropsy without previous clinical evidence of pericardial dysfunction. Some of these instances are related to clinically silent acute or healed myocardial infarction but the vast majority of cases are incidental (idiopathic) findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize various morphologic responses of the pericardium and to provide an etiologic framework for these responses. Part II will review specific morphologic responses of pericardial layers to selected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Cardiovascular Pathology Registry, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract
Pericardial heart disease is a common entity at necropsy. Frequently, focal areas of fibrin deposits or parietal-visceral pericardial adhesion are observed at necropsy without previous clinical evidence of pericardial dysfunction. Some of these instances are related to clinically silent acute or healed myocardial infarction, but the vast majority of cases are incidental (idiopathic) findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize various morphologic responses of the pericardium and to provide an etiologic framework for these responses. Part I will review general morphologic responses of pericardial layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Waller BF, Pinkerton CA, Orr CM, Slack JD, VanTassel JW, Peters T. Restenosis 1 to 24 months after clinically successful coronary balloon angioplasty: a necropsy study of 20 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17:58B-70B. [PMID: 2016484 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90940-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes clinical, morphologic and histologic findings at necropsy late (range 1.6 to 24.1 months [average 8.2 months]) after clinically successful coronary balloon angioplasty in 20 patients with coronary angioplasty restenosis. Clinical evidence of restenosis occurred in 14 patients (70%), including 6 patients with sudden coronary death. Of the 20 patients, 14 (70%) had a cardiac cause of death and 6 (30%) had a noncardiac cause of death. Two major subgroups of histologic findings were observed: 1) intimal proliferation (60%), and 2) atherosclerotic plaque only (40%). Of the eight sites with atherosclerotic plaque only, six were eccentric lesions and two were concentric lesions. No morphologic evidence of previous angioplasty injury (cracks, breaks, tears) was observed in the eight patients with atherosclerotic plaque only. Proposed mechanisms for the development of intimal proliferation involve the reaction of smooth muscle cells and platelets, whereas elastic recoil of overstretched eccentric or concentric atherosclerotic lesions represents the most likely explanation for the findings in the latter subgroup. On the basis of these morphologic findings at angioplasty restenosis sites, specific treatment strategies for restenosis after coronary artery balloon angioplasty are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Nasser, Smith, Pinkerton, Cardiology, Inc., Indiana Heart Institute, Indianapolis
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Waller BF, Pinkerton CA, Orr CM, Slack JD, VanTassel JW, Peters T. Morphological observations late (greater than 30 days) after clinically successful coronary balloon angioplasty. Circulation 1991; 83:I28-41. [PMID: 1991400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes clinical, morphological, and histological findings late (1.6-24.1 months [average, 8.2 months]) after clinically successful coronary balloon angioplasty in 20 necropsied patients with coronary angioplasty restenosis. Clinical evidence of restenosis occurred in 14 (70%) of patients, including six patients with sudden coronary death. Of the 20 patients, 14 (70%) had cardiac causes of death and six (30%) had noncardiac causes of death. Two major subgroups of histological findings were observed: 1) intimal proliferation (60%) and 2) atherosclerotic plaques only. Of the eight sites with atherosclerotic plaques only, six were eccentric lesions and two were concentric lesions. No morphological evidence of previous angioplasty injury (cracks, breaks, or tears) was observed in the eight patients with atherosclerotic plaques only. Proposed mechanisms for the development of intimal proliferation involve the reaction of smooth muscle cells and platelets, whereas elastic recoil of overstretched eccentric or concentric atherosclerotic lesions represents the most likely explanation for the findings in the latter subgroup. On the basis of these morphological findings at angioplasty restenosis sites, specific treatment strategies for coronary artery balloon angioplasty restenosis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Waller
- Nasser, Smith, Pinkerton, Cardiology, Inc., Indiana Heart Institute, Indianapolis
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