Plastocapillarity: Partial and full Newtonian drop embedding into immiscible yield stress substrates

HYPOTHESIS

Recent advances have been made in elastocapillarity; reversible 3D deformations of solid substrates with low elastic moduli from the surface tension of deposited drops. This study explores permanent deformations caused by liquid drops on immiscible yield stress substrates. We hypothesize that the substrate's rheological properties play a major role in determining the shape and stability of the drop-substrate interface, and govern partial or full embedding into the substrate.

EXPERIMENTS

Substrate yield stress magnitudes are modified through altering the mixture ratios of petroleum jelly to paraffin oil. Water drops are deposited on substrates and deformation profiles of the deformed interface are quantified.

FINDINGS

Above a critical Bingham-Capillary number, which characterizes the ratio of yield stress magnitude to surface tension, deposited water drops deform the substrate surface permanently, but minimally. Below this value, drops become increasingly embedded as the substrate yield stress magnitude decreases, with larger indentation depths and increased circumferential ridge heights. With sufficiently low yield stress magnitudes, where surface tension forces dominate over yield stress forces, the plastically deformed ridges fully encapsulate the liquid drop surface, resulting in full drop embedding within the substrate. These results advance knowledge of interfacial wetting on soft yield stress substrates and has implications for binary fluids, functional materials, and new drug delivery systems.

Child and adolescent COVID-19 vaccination coverage by educational setting, United States

OBJECTIVES

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the setting of education for many children in the U.S. Understanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage by educational setting is important for developing targeted messages, increasing parents' confidence in COVID-19 vaccines, and protecting all children from severe effects of COVID-19 infection.

STUDY DESIGN/METHODS

Using data from the Household Pulse Survey (n = 25,173) collected from December 9-19, 2022, January 4-16, 2023, and February 1-13, 2023, this study assessed factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination and reasons for non-vaccination among school-aged children 5-11 and adolescents 12-17 by educational setting.

RESULTS

Among children 5-11 years, COVID-19 vaccination coverage was higher among those who received in-person instruction (53.7%) compared to those who were homeschooled (32.5%). Furthermore, among adolescents 12-17 years, COVID-19 vaccination coverage was higher among those who received in-person instruction (73.5%) or virtual/online instruction (70.1%) compared to those who were homeschooled (51.0%). Children and adolescents were more likely to be vaccinated if the parental respondent had been vaccinated compared to those who had not. Among children and adolescents who were homeschooled, main reasons for non-vaccination were concern about side effects (45.4-51.6%), lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccines (45.0-50.9%), and lack of trust in the government (32.7-39.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Children and adolescents who were home-schooled during the pandemic had lower vaccination coverage than those who attended school in person, and adolescents who were home-schooled had lower vaccination coverage than those who received virtual instruction. Based on the reasons for non-vaccination identified in this study, increasing parental confidence in vaccines, and reducing barriers to access are important for supporting COVID-19 vaccination for school-age children.

Training Promotoras to Implement a Mindfulness-based Healthy Lifestyle Program in Rural Communities

Partnering with promotoras to implement a healthy lifestyle intervention has proven efficacious in reaching community members whom they serve. However, there are no clearly defined guidelines for implementing promotora training, especially when it involves developing mindfulness skills in promotoras unfamiliar with this concept. This is a report about the facilitators and barriers to training promotoras to implement a mindfulness-enhanced healthy eating and physical activity intervention, ADAPT+, using the Train-the-Trainer model. Following this model, we laid the foundations for sustained implementation of ADAPT+ even after the training process. Future studies may examine how these guidelines help map promotora training in other mindfulness-related interventions.

[High-throughput sequencing for infectious disease diagnoses: Example of shotgun metagenomics in central nervous system infections]

The advent of high-throughput sequencing in clinical microbiology is opening the way to new diagnostic and prognostic approaches in infectious diseases. Detection, identification and characterisation of pathogenic microorganisms are essential steps in diagnosis and implementation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. However, standard methods of microbiological diagnosis are failing in some cases. In addition, the emergence of new infections, facilitated by international travel and global warming, requires the implementation of innovative diagnostic methods. Among the different strategies used in clinical microbiology and reviewed in this article, shotgun metagenomics is the only technique that allows today a panpathogenic and unbiased detection of all microorganisms potentially responsible for an infectious disease, including those still unknown. The aims of this article are to present the different possible strategies of high-throughput sequencing used in the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases and to highlight the diagnostic contribution of shotgun metagenomics in the field of central nervous system infections.

Considerations for the development of guidance on dose level selection for developmental and reproductive toxicity studies

In 2022, the European Chemicals Agency issued advice on the selection of high dose levels for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) studies indicating that the highest dose tested should aim to induce clear evidence of reproductive toxicity without excessive toxicity and severe suffering in parental animals. In addition, a recent publication advocated that a 10% decrease in body weight gain should be replaced with a 10% decrease in bodyweight as a criterion for dose adequacy. Experts from the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals evaluated these recent developments and their potential impact on study outcomes and interpretation and identified that the advice was not aligned with OECD test guidelines or with humane endpoints guidance. Furthermore, data analysis from DART studies indicated that a 10% decrease in maternal body weight during gestation equates to a 25% decrease in body weight gain, which differs from the consensus of experts at a 2010 ILSI/HESI workshop. Dose selection should be based on a biological approach that considers a range of other factors. Excessive dose levels that cause frank toxicity and overwhelm homeostasis should be avoided as they can give rise to effects that are not relevant to human health assessments.

Medical students' perceptions on preparedness and care delivery for patients with autism or intellectual disability

Introduction

To provide competent care to patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), healthcare professionals must recognize the needs of neurodivergent populations and adapt their clinical approach. We assessed the perceived preparedness of medical students to adapt care delivery for patients with ASD/IDD, as well as their perceptions on neurodiversity education.

Methods

We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study on undergraduate medical students at McGill University during the academic year 2020-2021. We administered an online survey, followed by semi-structured interviews. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We integrated findings at the interpretation level.

Results

We included two-hundred-ten survey responses (~29% of class), and 12 interviews. Few students felt prepared to adjust care for patients with ASD/IDD despite most indicating doing so was important. Ninety-seven percent desired more training regarding care accommodation for neurodivergent patients. Thematic analysis unveiled the perception of current insufficient education, and the value of experiential learning.

Discussion/Conclusions

This study highlights low perceived preparedness of medical students to accommodate care for neurodivergent patients, and a desire for more instruction. Incorporating interactive training in medical school curricula regarding modifying care delivery for neurodivergent individuals may improve the perceived preparedness of medical trainees to work with these patients and care quality.

Asymmetric post-translational modifications regulate the nuclear translocation of STAT3 homodimers in response to leukemia inhibitory factor

STAT3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor overactivated in 70% of solid tumours. We have recently reported that inactivating mutations on residues susceptible to post-translational modifications (PTMs) in only one of the monomers (i.e. asymmetric) caused changes in the cellular distribution of STAT3 homodimers. Here, we used more controlled experimental conditions, i.e. without the interference of endogenous STAT3 (STAT3-/- HeLa cells) and in the presence of a defined cytokine stimulus (Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, LIF), to provide further evidence that asymmetric PTMs affect the nuclear translocation of STAT3 homodimers. Time-lapse microscopy for 20 min after LIF stimulation showed that S727 dephosphorylation (S727A) and K685 inactivation (K685R) slightly enhanced the nuclear translocation of STAT3 homodimers, while K49 inactivation (K49R) delayed STAT3 nuclear translocation. Our findings suggest that asymmetrically modified STAT3 homodimers could be a new level of STAT3 regulation and, therefore, a potential target for cancer therapy.

High unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 exposure of newly admitted and hospitalized psychiatric patients

BACKGROUND

Patients with pre-existing mental disorders are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse outcomes, and severe mental illness, including mood and psychosis spectrum disorders, is associated with increased mortality risk. Despite their increased risk profile, patients with severe mental illness have been understudied during the pandemic, with limited estimates of exposure in inpatient settings.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody titers, and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations of newly admitted or hospitalized psychiatric inpatients without known history of COVID-19 infection, using robust quantitative multi-antigen assessments, and compare patients' exposure to that of hospital staff.

METHODS

This multi-centric, cross-sectional study compared SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers of 285 patients (University Psychiatric Centre Duffel [UPCD] N = 194; Assistance-Publique-Hopitaux de Paris [AP-HP] N = 91), and 192 hospital caregivers (UPCD N = 130; AP-HP N = 62) at two large psychiatric care facilities between January 1st and the May 30th 2021. Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against Spike proteins (full length), spike subunit 1 (S1), spike subunit 2 (S2), spike subunit 1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) and Nucleocapsid proteins were quantitatively determined using an advanced capillary Western Blot technique. To assess the robustness of the between-group seroprevalence differences, we performed sensitivity analyses with stringent cut-offs for seropositivity. We also assessed peripheral concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a using ELLA assays. Secondary analyses included comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers between patient diagnostic subgroups, and between newly admitted (hospitalization ≤ 7 days) and hospitalized patients (hospitalization > 7 days) and correlations between serological and cytokines.

RESULTS

Patients had a significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (67.85 % [95% CI 62.20-73.02]) than hospital caregivers (27.08% [95% CI 21.29-33.77]), and had significantly higher global SARS-CoV-2 titers (F = 29.40, df = 2, p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients had a 2.51-fold (95% CI 1.95-3.20) higher SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk compared to hospital caregivers (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.0001). No difference was found in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers between patient subgroups. Patients could be differentiated most accurately from hospital caregivers by their higher Spike protein titers (OR 136.54 [95% CI 43.08-481.98], P < 0.0001), lower S1 (OR 0.06 [95% CI 0.02-0.15], P < 0.0001) titers and higher IL-6 (OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.73-7.24], P < 0.0001) and TNF-α (OR 34.29 [95% CI 5.00-258.87], P < 0.0001) and lower titers of IL-8 (OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.05-0.30], P < 0.0001). Seropositive patients had significantly higher SARS-COV-2 antibody titers compared to seropositive hospital caregivers (F = 19.53, df = 2, P < 0.0001), while titers were not different in seronegative individuals. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were not associated with serological status.

CONCLUSION

Our work demonstrated a very high unrecognized exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among newly admitted and hospitalized psychiatric inpatients, which is cause for concern in the context of highly robust evidence of adverse outcomes following COVID-19 in psychiatric patients. Attention should be directed toward monitoring and mitigating exposure to infectious agents within psychiatric hospitals.

Electron microscopy approach to the wetting dynamics of single organosilanized mesopores

Columnar mesoporous silicon (PSi) with hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic chemistries was chosen as a model for the local (pore-by-pore) study of water-pore interactions. Tomographic reconstructions provided a 3D view of the ramified pore structure. An in situ study of PSi wetting was conducted for categorized pore diameters by environmental scanning TEM. An appropriate setting of the contrast allows for the normalization of the gray scale in the images as a function of relative humidity (RH). This allows constructing an isotherm for each single pore and a subsequent averaging provides an isotherm for each pore size range. The isotherms systematically point to an initial adsorption through the formation of water adlayers, followed by a capillary filling process at higher RH. The local isotherms correlate with (global) gravimetric determination of wetting. Our results point at the validation of a technique for the study of aging and stability of single-pore nanoscale devices.

Shotgun metagenomic screening to improve the retrospective diagnosis of undocumented intrauterine infections on embedded placenta samples: Lessons from a brucellosis case

BACKGROUND

Microbiological diagnosis of intrauterine infections (IIU) still relies on bacteriological cultures or targeted DNA amplification lacking in sensitivity. Shotgun metagenomics (SMg) is an emerging unbiased molecular approach that makes it possible to sequence all the nucleic acids from any sample. It had never previously been used for IIU.

METHODS

We here report the case of a patient with an unexplained IIU and fetal loss that could be documented by a combined SMg/microbiological approach, leading to the diagnosis of maternal brucellosis.

RESULTS

A 31-year-old woman presented with an undocumented IIU with fetal loss at 24 weeks of gestation. Culture-based work-up failed to identify the pathogen involved. Paraffin-embedded placenta sample was retrospectively analyzed by SMg. Brucella spp nucleic acids were detected, and subacute maternal brucellosis was confirmed by targeted PCR and serological testing.

CONCLUSION

This case provides grounds for further utilization of SMg for the microbiological diagnosis of unexplained obstetrical infections.

Delivering ADAPT+ to Latino Families Living in Rural Communities: Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Health Promotion Program Including Mindfulness

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a major public health crisis in Latino youth. Mounting evidence implicates stress in the development and maintenance of obesity. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of having community health workers, i.e., promotoras, deliver Adaptando Dieta y Acción Para Todos (ADAPT)+, a family-based health promotion program integrating mindfulness strategies for stress reduction to underserved Latino families in rural communities.

METHODS

In an ORBIT model Phase IIb longitudinal quasi-cluster feasibility study, promotoras delivered the 6-session ADAPT+ intervention and 1-session Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) in rural Florida. Feasibility was assessed via sample size and recruitment, randomization by community, data collection completion, and intervention fidelity. Acceptability was assessed via participant retention and program satisfaction. Effect sizes of differences in parent stress and mindful eating between conditions at baseline, end of treatment, and 3-month follow-up were calculated.

RESULTS

Feasibility and acceptability were demonstrated. The recruitment target was 99% met (n = 95 recruited). Randomization was limited to site level due to coronavirus disease 2019-related challenges. Data collection procedures were feasible (100% completion). Retention was 86% at post-assessment and 82.6% at 3-month follow-up. All sessions were completed (100% fidelity). Mean program satisfaction was 3.91/4.00. ADAPT+ parents reported lower stress (difference = -3.04, medium-to-large effect, d = .70) and more mindful eating (difference = 2.00, medium effect, d = .44) than EUC parents at 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Study implementation and intervention delivery to rural Latino families using promotoras were feasible and acceptable. Promising findings regarding parent stress and mindful eating support a larger (ORBIT Phase III) efficacy trial.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT04800432.

Use of aequorin-based indicators for monitoring Ca2+ in acidic organelles

Over the last years, there is accumulating evidence that acidic organelles can accumulate and release Ca²⁺ upon cell activation. Hence, reliable recording of Ca²⁺ dynamics in these compartments is essential for understanding the physiopathological aspects of acidic organelles. Genetically encoded Ca²⁺ indicators (GECIs) are valuable tools to monitor Ca²⁺ in specific locations, although their use in acidic compartments is challenging due to the pH sensitivity of most available fluorescent GECIs. By contrast, bioluminescent GECIs have a combination of features (marginal pH sensitivity, low background, no phototoxicity, no photobleaching, high dynamic range and tunable affinity) that render them advantageous to achieve an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in acidic compartments. This article reviews the use of bioluminescent aequorin-based GECIs targeted to acidic compartments. A need for more measurements in highly acidic compartments is identified.

Association of neighborhood segregation with 6-year incidence of metabolic syndrome in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos

PURPOSE

Examine the association between neighborhood segregation and 6-year incident metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

METHODS

Prospective cohort of adults residing in Miami, Chicago, the Bronx, and San Diego. The analytic sample included 6,710 participants who did not have MetSyn at baseline. The evenness and exposure dimensions of neighborhood segregation, based on the Gini and Isolation indices, respectively, were categorized into quintiles (Q). Racialized economic concentration was measured with the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (continuously and Q).

RESULTS

Exposure, but not evenness, was associated with higher disease odds (Q1 (lower segregation) vs. Q4, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.082.17; Q5, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.493.52). Economic concentrationprivilege (continuous OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.770.98), racial concentrationracialized privilege (Q1 (greater concentration) vs. Q2 OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.541.04; Q3 OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.441.05; Q4 OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.451.01; Q5 OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.420.98)(continuous OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.821.04), and racialized economic concentrationprivilege (i.e., higher SES non-Hispanic White, continuous OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.760.98) were associated with lower disease odds.

CONCLUSION

Hispanics/Latino adults residing in neighborhoods with high segregation had higher risk of incident MetSyn compared to those residing in neighborhoods with low segregation. Research is needed to identify the mechanisms that link segregation to poor metabolic health.

Engineering human mini-bones for the standardized modeling of healthy hematopoiesis, leukemia, and solid tumor metastasis

The bone marrow microenvironment provides indispensable factors to sustain blood production throughout life. It is also a hotspot for the progression of hematologic disorders and the most frequent site of solid tumor metastasis. Preclinical research relies on xenograft mouse models, but these models preclude the human-specific functional interactions of stem cells with their bone marrow microenvironment. Instead, human mesenchymal cells can be exploited for the in vivo engineering of humanized niches, which confer robust engraftment of human healthy and malignant blood samples. However, mesenchymal cells are associated with major reproducibility issues in tissue formation. Here, we report the fast and standardized generation of human mini-bones by a custom-designed human mesenchymal cell line. These resulting humanized ossicles (hOss) consist of fully mature bone and bone marrow structures hosting a human mesenchymal niche with retained stem cell properties. As compared to mouse bones, we demonstrate superior engraftment of human cord blood hematopoietic cells and primary acute myeloid leukemia samples and also validate hOss as a metastatic site for breast cancer cells. We further report the engraftment of neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft cells in a humanized model, recapitulating clinically described osteolytic lesions. Collectively, our human mini-bones constitute a powerful preclinical platform to model bone-developing tumors using patient-derived materials.

Human pegivirus identified in severe myelitis and optic neuritis in immunocompromised patients: A pathogenic role for a forgotten virus?

The role of Human pegivirus (HPgV) in patients with encephalitis has been recently questioned. We present cases of 4 patients with similar clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics, including a past history of transplantation with long-term immunosuppression and a progressive course of severe and predominantly myelitis, associated in 3 cases with optic neuropathy causing blindness. Extensive workup was negative but analysis of the CSF by use of pan-microorganism DNA- and RNA-based shotgun metagenomics was positive for HPgV. This case series further supports the hypothesis of HPgV CNS infection and highlights the utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing of CSF in immunocompromised patients.

P-803 DNA-FISH analysis in testicular tissue cells of prepuberal patients with Klinefelter Syndrome

Study question

Can we accurately assess sex-chromosomes number in testicular cells (germ and somatic) of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) prepuberal patients by DNA-FISH in paraffin embedded sections?

Summary answer

We have evaluated the sex-chromosomes content of testicular cells in KS prepuberal patients and the presence of XY lines evidenced a gonadal mosaicism status.

What is known already

Prepuberal boys with Klinefelter Syndrome usually have fertility problems in adulthood, mainly azoospermia. Due to the symptoms cause by the disease, Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) are less abundant and spermatogenesis does not occur. These patients do not have any alternative to restore the fertility in the future. When a boy has both XY and XXY cell lines, this patient is mosaic (46,XY/47,XXY). Meaning some cells could undergo spermatogenesis and generate gametes with normal sex-chromosomes number. The aim of this work is to test if KS patients diagnosed as pure can have testicular cell lines with XY chromosome number (mosaic).

Study design, size, duration

We obtained samples from human prepuberal patients diagnosed with pure Klinefelter Syndrome (47,XXY) for the last 5 years. Testicular biopsy fragments are fixed for histological studies and other fragments are cryopreserved. Some fragments are used for immunofluorescence and subsequently processed by DNA-FISH to determine the sex-chromosomes content of testicular cells.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

In this study, we used 10 prepuberal patients with KS and 5 prepuberal patients with other fertility problems with normal chromosome set as controls. We performed immunofluorescence to determine expression of germ cells (VASA) and SSCs (MAGEA4) markers and somatic cells markers such as Leydig cells (StAR) and Sertoli cells (SOX9). Afterwards, we perform DNA-FISH, with probes specific for chromosomes X and Y and chromosome 18 as a control.

Main results and the role of chance

The methodology used allows cytogenetic characterization of testicular tissue in paraffin embedded sections. Testicular mosaicism has been observed in all patients diagnosed as pure KS. We have observed a degree of mosaicism of 66-80% in SSCs, of 20-50% in Sertoli cells and of 30-50% in Leydig cells.

We pursued a protocol with a good FISH efficiency that allows colocalization of previous immunocharacterized testicular cells.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The DNA-FISH technique is made just in a single paraffin section of each KS patient testicular sample. Due to the limited and difficulty to obtain KS testicular tissue, we use a limited number of samples.

Wider implications of the findings

We succeed to demonstrate the mosaicism of testicular cells in prepuberal patients that are diagnosed with KS. Thus, the better understanding of the SSCs with normal chromosome set (XY) could be useful for future in vitro expansion and stem cell therapies.

Trial registration number

not applicable

CD69 expression on Treg cells prevents chronic heart damage after myocardial infarction

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN), through the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI19/00545)

Background

Increasing evidences advocate for an important function of T cells in controlling immune homeostasis and pathogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI), although the molecular mechanisms remain elusive.

Result and Methods

In this study, a broad analysis of immune markers in 283 patients show a significant CD69 overexpression on Treg cells after MI. Our results in mice demonstrate that CD69 expression on Treg cells increases survival after left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD)-ligation. Cd69-/- mice develop strong IL17A+ gdT cell responses after ischemia that increase myocardial inflammation and, consequently, worsen cardiac function. CD69+ Treg cells induce apoptosis and decrease IL-17A production in gdT cells by a CD39-dependent mechanism. Adoptive transfer of CD69+ Treg cells to Cd69-/- mice after LAD-ligation reduces IL17A+ gdT cell recruitment increasing survival. Consistently, clinical data from two independent cohorts of patients indicate that increased CD69 expression in peripheral blood cells after acute MI is associated with a lower risk of re-hospitalization for chronic heart failure (CHF) after 2.5 years of follow-up. This result remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and traditional cardiac damage biomarkers (OR 0.929, 95% CI, 0.838-0.980; p&lt;0.0409).

Conclusion

Our data highlight CD69 expression on T cells as a therapeutic and prognostic target to prevent CHF after MI.

Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Introduction

Neuroimaging has been a highly utilized technique for studying traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) independently of one another, however, neuroimaging has increasingly been identified as a useful tool in better understanding TBI-related psychiatric conditions, such as PTSD.

Objectives

To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging findings in TBI-related PTSD and to highlight the current literature’s limitations in order to strengthen future research.

Methods

A PRISMA compliant literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases prior to May of 2019. The initial database query yielded 4388 unique articles, which were narrowed down based on specified inclusion criteria (e.g., clear TBI definition, clinician-diagnosed PTSD, statistically analyzed relationship between neuroimaging and PTSD, quantified time interval between TBI and neuroimaging).

Results

A final cohort of 10 articles met inclusion criteria, comprising the findings of 482 participants with TBI. Key neuroanatomical findings among the included articles suggest that PTSD is associated with significant changes in whole-brain networks of resting state connectivity and disruptions in bilateral frontal and temporal white matter tracts, fronto-limbic pathways, the internal capsule, and the uncinate fasciculus (Figure 1). Figure 1a:

Traumatic brain injury alters presentation of mild behavioral impairment domains across progression of all-cause dementia

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter dementia progression, although co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have received less attention. The mild behavioral impairment (MBI) construct relates NPS to underlying neural circuit disruptions, representing an important area of inquiry regarding TBI and dementia.

Objectives

(1) to examine the influence of prior TBI history (preceding study enrollment) on MBI incidence in all-cause dementia (prior to dementia diagnosis, i.e. MBI’s original definition) and (2) to utilize MBI domains as a construct for examining the influence of TBI on related NPS across the course of dementia onset and progression.

Methods

Using National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data, individuals progressing from normal cognition to all-cause dementia over 7.6±3.0 years were studied to estimate MBI incidence and symptom domains in 124 participants with prior TBI history compared to 822 without.

Results

Moderate-severe TBI was associated with the social inappropriateness MBI domain (OR_adj.=4.034; p=0.024) prior to dementia onset, and the abnormal perception/thought content domain looking across dementia progression (HR_adj.=3.703, p=0.005). TBI (all severities) was associated with the decreased motivation domain looking throughout dementia progression (HR_adj.=1.546, p=0.014).

Conclusions

TBI history is associated with particular MBI domains prior to onset and throughout progression of dementia. Understanding TBI’s impact on inter-related NPS may help elucidate underlying neuropathology.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Immunoescape of HIV-1 in Env-EL9 CD8 + T cell response restricted by HLA-B*14:02 in a Non progressor who lost twenty-seven years of HIV-1 control

Background

Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNPs) are untreated Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals able to control disease progression for prolonged periods. However, the LTNPs status is temporary, as viral load increases followed by decreases in CD4 + T-cell counts. Control of HIV-1 infection in LTNPs viremic controllers, have been associated with effective immunodominant HIV-1 Gag-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by protective HLA-B alleles. Individuals carrying HLA-B*14:02 control HIV-1 infection is related to an immunodominant Env-CD8 + T-cell response. Limited data are available on the contribution of HLA-B*14:02 CD8 + T -cells in LTNPs.

Results

In this study, we performed a virological and immunological detailed analysis of an HLA-B*14:02 LNTP individual that lost viral control (LVC) 27 years after HIV-1 diagnosis. We analysed viral evolution and immune escape in HLA-B*14:02 restricted CD8 + T -cell epitopes and identified viral evolution at the Env-EL9 epitope selecting the L592R mutation. By IFN-γ ELISpot and immune phenotype, we characterized HLA- B*14:02 HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses targeting, Gag-DA9 and Env-EL9 epitopes before and after LVC. We observed an immunodominant response against the Env-EL9 epitope and a decreased of the CD8 T + cell response over time with LVC. Loss of Env-EL9 responses was concomitant with selecting K588R + L592R mutations at Env-EL9. Finally, we evaluated the impact of Env-EL9 escape mutations on HIV-1 infectivity and Env protein structure. The K588R + L592R escape variant was directly related to HIV-1 increase replicative capacity and stability of Env at the LVC.

Conclusions

These findings support the contribution of immunodominant Env-EL9 CD8 + T-cell responses and the imposition of immune escape variants with higher replicative capacity associated with LVC in this LNTP. These data highlight the importance of Env-EL9 specific-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by the HLA-B*14:02 and brings new insights into understanding long-term HIV-1 control mediated by Env mediated CD8 + T-cell responses.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-022-00591-7.

Sacsin Deletion Induces Aggregation of Glial Intermediate Filaments

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly diagnosed in infants and characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, motor sensory neuropathy and axonal demyelination. ARSACS is caused by mutations in the SACS gene that lead to truncated or defective forms of the 520 kDa multidomain protein, sacsin. Sacsin function is exclusively studied on neuronal cells, where it regulates mitochondrial network organization and facilitates the normal polymerization of neuronal intermediate filaments (i.e., neurofilaments and vimentin). Here, we show that sacsin is also highly expressed in astrocytes, C6 rat glioma cells and N9 mouse microglia. Sacsin knockout in C6 cells (C6Sacs-/-) induced the accumulation of the glial intermediate filaments glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin and vimentin in the juxtanuclear area, and a concomitant depletion of mitochondria. C6Sacs-/- cells showed impaired responses to oxidative challenges (Rotenone) and inflammatory stimuli (Interleukin-6). GFAP aggregation is also associated with other neurodegenerative conditions diagnosed in infants, such as Alexander disease or Giant Axonal Neuropathy. Our results, and the similarities between these disorders, reinforce the possible connection between ARSACS and intermediate filament-associated diseases and point to a potential role of glia in ARSACS pathology.

CD69 expression in regulatory T cells protects from the immune-mediated damage after myocardial infarction

 

CD69 depletion from the lymphoid compartment promotes a Th17/Treg imbalance and exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis. As atherosclerosis is the trigger of myocardial infarction, we have analyzed the role of CD69 in Treg cells after a) permanent occlusion of the left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD-ligation) in mice, and b) coronary angiography in two cohorts of acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients.

Our data show that CD69 expression in Treg cells is critical to maintain immune homeostasis after myocardial infarction and increases overall survival in mice after LAD-ligation. Cd69−/− mice develop IL17A+ gdT cell responses early after ischemia that increment myocardial inflammation and, consequently, worsen cardiac function. Furthermore, we found that CD69+ Treg cells induce apoptosis and diminish IL-17A production in gdT cells by a mechanism dependent on membrane CD39 ectonucleotidase activity. The adoptive transfer of CD69+ Treg cells to Cd69−/− mice after LAD-ligation reduces IL17A+ gdT cell recruitment, resulting in increased survival and improved outcome.

In accordance, data from two independent cohorts of patients indicate that increased levels of CD69+ Treg cells in the blood of patients early after MI is associated with lower risk of developing chronic heart failure. Our data support the role of CD69+ Treg cells to prevent excess of inflammation and damage after MI, whose value remains associated with improved heart function in the medium term.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaciόn y Universidades (Spanish Government). Summary immage

Food Insecurity and the Hispanic Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Historically, food insecurity has been a problem for the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States. Variations in food insecurity exist among this population by origin, immigration status, household composition, and region. The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities this population faces with food insecurity including limited economic resources, reliance on programs unprepared for atypical circumstances, closure of avenues providing access to meals, and unemployment. This paper reviews key factors related to the current rate of food insecurity among the Hispanic/Latino population in the mainland United States and is an exemplar of similar variability found in Puerto Rico. Recommendations for reducing food insecurity in this population are provided. (word count:109).

Ayahuasca potential benefits

Introduction

Ayahusca has potential therapeutic beneffits.

Objectives

Expose the potential beneffits of ayahuasca from neuropharmacology and clinical existing evidence.

Methods

A literature review was carried out in the databases pubmed, clinical key and texts of scientific dissemination.

Results

There´s scientific literature about the potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca in dependencies, anxiety symtoms and depression, near death experiences and terminal illnesses. Possible benefit is postulated in impulsivity and personality disorders. It induces an introspective state, triggered by thoughts, emotions and autobiographical memories, which promotes reflection on personal issues, allowing new perspectives on certain life issues. It is common for users to describe it as analogous to a psychotherapeutic intervention. 5HTA2 agonists stimulate the expression of genes that encode transcription factors such as c-fos, egr 1, egr 2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which influence neuronal plasticity and are associated with cognitive aspects such as memory and attention. MAOIs and 5HT2A agonism have anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Sigma -1 agonism promotes neuroplasticity. Decrease and remission in the consumption of alcohol and cocaine has been reported in patients with abuse and dependence. There has been significant decrease in depressive symptomatology, in observational studies, cases and controls and double blind compared with placebo. Improvement in different domains measured with mindfulness scales, similar to those observed in meditators, suggests an association between mindfulness techniques and experiences with ayahuasca.

Conclusions

There is existing evidence about potential therapeutical uses of ayahuasca. More studies are needed with biger samples, to establish it´s clinical use.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Towards a better understanding of adult idiopathic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective study of 19 cases

BACKGROUND

Most cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are drug-induced. A small subset of cases remain with unknown aetiology (idiopathic epidermal necrolysis [IEN]).

OBJECTIVE

We sought to better describe adult IEN and understand the aetiology.

METHODS

This retrospective study was conducted in 4 centres of the French national reference centre for epidermal necrolysis. Clinical data were collected for the 19 adults hospitalized for IEN between January 2015 and December 2019. Wide toxicology analysis of blood samples was performed. Histology of IEN cases was compared with blinding to skin biopsies of drug-induced EN (DIEN, 'controls'). Available baseline skin biopsies were analysed by shotgun metagenomics and transcriptomics and compared to controls.

RESULTS

IEN cases represented 15.6% of all EN cases in these centres. The median age of patients was 38 (range 16-51) years; 68.4% were women. Overall, 63.2% (n = 12) of cases required intensive care unit admission and 15.8% (n = 3) died at the acute phase. Histology showed the same patterns of early- to late-stage EN with no difference between DIEN and IEN cases. One toxicology analysis showed unexpected traces of carbamazepine; results for other cases were negative. Metagenomics analysis revealed no unexpected pathological microorganism. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted a different pro-apoptotic pathway in IEN compared to DIEN, with an overexpression of apoptosis effectors TWEAK/TRAIL.

CONCLUSIONS

IEN affects young people and is a severe form of EN. A large toxicologic investigation is warranted. Different pathways seem involved in IEN and DIEN, leading to the same apoptotic effect, but the primary trigger remains unknown.

Lactic acid bacteria biofilms and their ability to mitigate Escherichia coli O157:H7 surface colonization

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert antagonistic activities against diverse microorganisms, including pathogens. In this work, we aimed to investigate the ability of LAB strains isolated from food to produce biofilms and to inhibit growth and surface colonization of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 at 10°C. The ability of 100 isolated LAB to inhibit EHEC O157:H7 NCTC12900 growth was evaluated in agar diffusion assays. Thirty-seven LAB strains showed strong growth inhibitory effect on EHEC. The highest inhibitory activities corresponded to LAB strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus species. Eighteen out of the 37 strains that showed growth inhibitory effects on EHEC also had the ability to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces at 10°C and 30°C. Pre-established biofilms on polystyrene of four of these LAB strains were able to reduce significantly surface colonization by EHEC at low temperature (10°C). Among these four strains, Lact. plantarum CRL 1075 not only inhibited EHEC but also was able to grow in the presence of the enteric pathogen. Therefore, this strain proved to be a good candidate for further technological studies oriented to its application in food-processing environments to mitigate undesirable surface contaminations of E. coli.

Radiation Therapy: Predictors of Nonadherence to Treatment Schedules Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

BACKGROUND

Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) often undergo a demanding treatment schedule, including radiation therapy (RT). Nonadherence to RT schedules is a documented problem among patients with HNC and can negatively affect patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVES

This retrospective, descriptive study aimed to examine whether demographic or clinical characteristics or physical and psychological symptoms were associated with nonadherence to RT among patients with HNC.

METHODS

Electronic health records of 262 patients with HNC who received treatment at a cancer center in the southeastern United States were reviewed to determine whether nonadherence was related to symptom scores and other patient- and clinical-related factors.

FINDINGS

Patients at highest risk for nonadherence included women, those admitted as inpatients during treatment, and those who received outpatient IV fluids during treatment. Nonadherent patients reported higher mean scores on 9 of 12 symptoms measured during treatment, indicating a higher symptom burden. Patients with tongue tumors, greater spiritual well-being, and less constipation were less likely to be nonadherent.

Microdiversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolates in cases of infective endocarditis: selection of non-synonymous mutations and large deletions is associated with phenotypic modifications

Context: Today, infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Enterococcus faecalis represents 10% of all IE and is marked by its difficult management and the frequency of relapses. Although the precise reasons for that remain to be elucidated, the evolution of the culprit strain under selective pressure through microdiversification could be, at least in part, involved. Material and methods: To further study the in situ genetic microdiversity and its possible phenotypic manifestations in E. faecalis IE, we sequenced and compared multiple isolates from the valves, blood culture and joint fluid of five patients who underwent valvular surgery. Growth rate and early biofilm production of selected isolates were also compared. Results: By sequencing a total of 58 E. faecalis genomes, we detected a considerable genomic microdiversity, not only among strains from different anatomical origins, but also between isolates from the same studied cardiac valves. Interestingly, deletions of thousands of bases including the well-known virulence factors ebpA/B/C, and srtC, as well as other large prophage sequences containing genes coding for proteins implicated in platelet binding (PlbA and PlbB) were evidenced. The study of mutations helped unveil common patterns in genes related to the cell cycle as well as central metabolism, suggesting an evolutionary convergence in these isolates. As expected, such modifications were associated with a significant impact on the in-vitro phenotypic heterogeneity, growth, and early biofilm production. Conclusion: Genome modifications associated with phenotypic variations may allow bacterial adaptation to both antibiotic and immune selective pressures, and thus promote relapses.

SARS-CoV-2 IgG response in symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19-infected healthcare workers

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) accounted for a significant proportion of COVID-19 infections worldwide. Retrospective seroprevalence surveys are often used to screen for unidentified previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, the rate of humoral response in HCWs affected by COVID-19 is not well-defined.

Aims

To assess the specific IgG humoral response in symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected HCWs and identify potential factors associated with humoral response.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 204 HCWs with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 humoral response. Serum-IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed using two commercially available serological assays. A logistic regression was performed to identify independent factors associated with positive IgG serology test.

Results

Overall, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity rate was 77%. This seropositivity rate was higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic COVID-19 infection (83% versus 57%; P < 0.001) and in older HCWs.. The seropositivity rate did not diminish with time. In logistic regression, only a history of COVID-19 symptoms and age were identified as independent factors associated with the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies are found significantly more frequently in symptomatic and in older HCWs. The fact that not all COVID-19 HCWs develop detectable IgG is vital for the interpretation of COVID-19 seroprevalence surveys.

Persistent HIV-controllers are more prone to spontaneously clear HCV: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction

HIV‐controllers have the ability to spontaneously maintain viraemia at low or undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. Furthermore, HIV‐controllers seem to have a superior capacity to spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to non HIV‐controllers. Some of these subjects eventually lose HIV‐controller status (transient controllers), whereas some HIV‐controllers show a persistent natural HIV control (persistent controllers). We aimed to analyse whether persistent controllers have superior capacity to spontaneously clear HCV compared to transient controllers.

Methods

We recruited HIV‐controllers from January 1981 up to October 2016 with available antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV) data (n = 744). Factors associated with HIV spontaneous control in relation to HCV status were analysed in persistent and transient HIV‐controllers with anti‐HCV positive (n = 202 and n = 138 respectively) in comparison with 1700 HCV positive non HIV‐controllers recruited from January 1981 up to March 2018, bivariate and multivariate analyses, following a logistic regression model, were applied. In addition, the factors related to the loss and time to lose HIV‐controller status were explored (n = 744) using Log rank test and Kaplan–Meier curves, in this case the multivariate analysis consisted in a Cox regression model.

Results

A higher frequency of HCV spontaneous clearance was found in persistent HIV‐controllers (25.5%) compared to non‐controllers (10.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, as sex, age, HIV transmission risk, CD4⁺ T‐cell nadir and time of follow‐up, HCV clearance was independently associated with persistent HIV spontaneous control (p = 0.002; OR (95% CI) = 2.573 (1.428 to 4.633)), but not with transient spontaneous control (p = 0.119; 1.589 (0.888 to 2.845)). Furthermore, persistent HIV‐controllers were more likely to spontaneously clear the HCV in comparison with transient controllers (p = 0.027; 0.377 (0.159 to 0.893). Finally, not to lose or lengthen the time of losing this control was independently associated with HCV spontaneous clearance (p = 0.010; 0.503 (0.297 to 0.850).

Conclusions

This study shows an association between spontaneous persistent HIV‐control and HCV spontaneous clearance. The study findings support the idea of preserved immune mechanisms in persistent HIV control implicated in HCV spontaneous clearance. These results highlight persistent HIV‐controllers but not transient controllers as a good model of functional HIV cure.

Part-time cancers and role of melatonin in determining their metabolic phenotype

This brief review describes the association of the endogenous pineal melatonin rhythm with the metabolic flux of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. It also summarizes new information on the potential mechanisms by which endogenously-produced or exogenously-administered melatonin impacts the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. The evidence indicates that solid tumors may redirect their metabolic phenotype from the pathological Warburg-type metabolism during the day to the healthier mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation on a nightly basis. Thus, they function as cancer cells only during the day and as healthier cells at night, that is, they are only part-time cancerous. This switch to oxidative phosphorylation at night causes cancer cells to exhibit a reduced tumor phenotype and less likely to rapidly proliferate or to become invasive or metastatic. Also discussed is the likelihood that some solid tumors are especially aggressive during the day and much less so at night due to the nocturnal rise in melatonin which determines their metabolic state. We further propose that when melatonin is used/tested in clinical trials, a specific treatment paradigm be used that is consistent with the temporal metabolic changes in tumor metabolism. Finally, it seems likely that the concurrent use of melatonin in combination with conventional chemotherapies also would improve cancer treatment outcomes.

Optimization and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of glyphosate in human urine after pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride

In 2015, glyphosate was classified as "Group 2A - probably carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Therefore, public concerns about the environmental and health risks of this substance have rapidly increased. Considering its toxicokinetic characteristics, urinary levels of glyphosate could be a powerful tool for human biomonitoring. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties of this molecule and the complexity of the matrix make this purpose particularly challenging. In order to solve this problem, the presented study describes a simple LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of glyphosate in human urine after pre-column derivatization with FMOC-Cl. Method development was focused on the optimization of the derivatization reaction in human urine, adjusting critical variables such as pH of borate buffer, FMOC-Cl concentration and derivatization time. Besides, chromatographic separation and spectrometric parameters were also established. The analytical method was fully validated according international guidelines for selectivity, carry over, linearity, accuracy, precision, lower limit of quantitation, matrix effect and stability under different conditions. All performance parameters were within the acceptance criteria. In addition, the method was successfully applied to 52 urine samples obtained from exposed subjects from northern Argentina, laying the foundation for future epidemiological studies.

Case report of a dissociative identity disorder

Introduction

Patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID) present two or more identities, where one of them is the main one. Although it is a widely questioned diagnosis, it is currently found in the main DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic manuals.

Objectives

Present a case of dissociative identity disorder.

Methods

46-year-old woman who attended the CSM referred for her MAP due to anxiety-depressive symptoms. Throughout the interviews the patient brings up to 4 identities with alterations in memory, consciousness, multiple dissociative symptoms, sound thinking, constant fluctuations in mood. She is separated, has two children, takes care of them, although she is not able to maintain work functionality. The patient is seen once a week for 45 minutes. Psychotherapeutic treatment is carried out, the objective of which is to establish a safe therapist-patient bond to favor the integration of their parts, and pharmacological treatment, which was carried out with haloperidol, lorazepam and desvenlafaxine.

Results

Throughout sessions, the anxious symptoms diminished, being able to carry out psychotherapeutic work. Dissociative symptoms were slightly reduced, partially integrating some of the identities. There was a slight stabilization in mood and decrease in psychotic symptoms.

Conclusions

There is no well-established treatment for DID. Combined therapy (psychotherapy and pharmacological) may be an option for these patients. The therapeutic framing of the sessions, working the link, and the low-dose antipsychotic treatment were favorable.

Keyword

dissociative identity framing link

Galactorrhea as a side effect of antidepressant drugs. A case report

Introduction

Galactorrhea wiht antidepressants SSRIs or SNRI is a rarely adverse effect. Some authors believe that the risk of galactorrhea in women who use SSRIs is 8 times higher than in patients treated with other types of drugs. Serotonin is believed to be a potent physiological stimulator of prolactin release.Prolactin stimulates the growth of the mammary glands and the galactorrhea. The SSRIs would activate the serotonergic pathways, these in turn would stimulate the release of prolactin directly in the pituitary and in the hypothalamus, inhibiting the release of dopamine and increasing the release of stimulating factors. The main inhibitor of prolactin secretion is dopamine.

Objectives

The objective is to reveal this rare complication through the report of a clinical case

Methods

A 45-year-old woman with a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. Treatment with 20 mg of escitalopram was started, with a good therapeutic response, but with breast pain and swelling. She was switched to duloxetine 60 mg, with a good response and adequate tolerance. At 6 months of treatment, she begins to present breast pain and yellow-green breast discharge, with elevated prolactin levels and normal cranial MRI.

Results

She was diagnosed with functional hyperprolactinemia, and treatment with vortioxetine was started. Finally, the Prolactin levels normalize.

Conclusions

Galactorrhea is a very rare and annoying side effect that can lead to discontinuation of treatment and requires a change in the therapeutic strategy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Description of the consumption of toxics in patients with assertive community treatment and prolonged release treatment

Introduction

The Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) was developed by Leonard Stein and Mary Ann. The objective is the treatment of serious Mental Disorders in an integral way and in the community.

Objectives

The Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) was developed by Leonard Stein and Mary Ann. The objective is the treatment of serious Mental Disorders in an integral way and in the community.

Methods

This is a retrospective study with a total of 69 patients whose main diagnosis is Schizophrenia undergoing CT follow-up in 2018-2019. The data obtained have been analyzed by the SPSS statistical program.

Results

Our sample is mainly composed of men (60.9%) with an average age of 48 years (+ - 11.56). The main diagnosis is schizophrenia (62.3%) and the most commonly used long-term injectable treatment is paliperidone palmitate with a dose range of 150mg. Of the total number of patients, 29% of the cases did not maintain active use of any toxic, and the most commonly used toxic is tobacco (49.3% of cases).

Conclusions

The inclusion of patients in a ACT program requires a diagnosis of severe Mental Disorder and poor therapeutic adherence. After analyzing our data, we observed that most of them also have active toxic consumption and high doses of psychotropic drugs.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Developing Adaptando Dieta Y Acción Para Todos (ADAPT): An Intervention to Improve Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Latino Parents and Children Living in Rural Communities

Latino migrant farmworkers are at great risk of obesity and its concomitant negative health impacts. Obesity interventions for this underserved, minority population are limited. We expanded upon our prior intervention work in childhood obesity to develop a multi-family, behavioral intervention, ADAPT. We conducted three phases in the development of the ADAPT program: Phase 1, a needs assessment, Phase 2, in-depth focus groups with Latino parents, their children, and stakeholders, and Phase 3, a feasibility and acceptability trial to inform program optimization. Acceptability and feasibility of ADAPT promoting healthier eating and physical activity behaviors was found. Each phase of the project led to implementation changes to ADAPT, resulting in greater intervention optimization. Participants reported key facilitators and barriers to our intervention, expressing great interest in participation. They particularly liked our mindfulness session. We are currently examining the feasibility of integrating mindfulness to optimize ADAPT efficacy.

Effect of spray-dried porcine plasma in peripartum sow feed on subsequent litter size

BACKGROUND

Nutritional strategies for sows designed to reduce peripartum stress are suggested to support postpartum recovery and productivity. Spray-dried plasma (SDP) in sow feed has been reported to benefit sow and litter performance. Stressed animals fed diets with SDP have a more efficient immune response supporting animal recovery and health. The objectives of the present study using 452 sows (147 parity 1 sows, 148 parity 2 sows) were to determine if 0, 0.5 or 2.5% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in peripartum feed provided from entry in maternity through day 5 of lactation affects sow productivity and serological immune and oxidation status markers around parturition. Post-weaning sow productivity parameters including litter size at the next parturition was evaluated, but peripartum diets were only provided during the first parturition.

RESULTS

In the first parturition, total born litter size was lower (P <  0.05) especially for sows allotted to the peripartum diet with 2.5% SDPP. Percentage of stillborn pigs decreased quadratically (P <  0.05) for sows fed 0.5% or 2.5% SDPP compared to 0% SDPP in peripartum feed and this result was not affected by total born litter size. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity linearly increased (P <  0.01) with increased dietary SDPP for both prepartum and postpartum sampling periods. In the next parturition, total born pigs from combined data of parity 1 and 2 sows linearly increased (P <  0.05) and live born pigs tended (P = 0.09) to linearly increase as level of SDPP increased and this result was not affected by total born litter size in the first parturition. The change in total and live born pigs from the first to the next parturition linearly (P <  0.01) increased as dietary SDPP increased for parity 1 and 2 sows.

CONCLUSIONS

The reduced percentage of stillborn pigs and increased litter size of parity 1 and 2 sows in the next parturition was independent of total born litter size in the first parturition suggesting SDPP in peripartum sow feed may have merit for reducing stillborn pigs and benefit litter size in the next parturition for parity 1 and parity 2 sows.