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Bassetto G, Merlo M, Dal Ferro M, Setti M, Paldino A, Collesi C, Artioli R, Loffredo F, D'Elia S, Golino P, Fabris E, Bussani R, Metra M, Limongelli G, Sinagra G. Apoptosis, a useful marker in the management of hot-phase cardiomyopathy? Eur J Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38414301 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS 'Hot phases', characterized by chest pain and troponin release, may represent the first clinical presentation of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. Differential diagnosis with acute myocarditis is an unmet challenge for the clinicians. We sought to investigate histological and genetic features in patients with cardiomyopathy presenting with hot phases. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated a case series of consecutive patients hospitalized for suspected 'hot-phase cardiomyopathy' in two Italian centres from June 2017 to March 2022 (median follow-up 18 months) that underwent both endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and genetic testing. Apoptosis was confirmed with TUNEL assay. Among the 17 enrolled patients (mean age 34 ± 15 years, 76% male), only six patients (35%) presented standard histological and immunohistochemical markers for significant cardiac inflammation at EMB. Conversely, apoptosis was found in 13 patients (77%). Genetic testing was positive for a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant in genes involved in cardiomyopathies (most frequently in DSP) in eight patients (48%), rising to 62% among patients with apoptosis on EMB. Notably, all patients without apoptosis tested negative for P/LP disease-related variants. Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in patients showing apoptosis at EMB compared to those without (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis, rather than significant inflammation, was mostly prevalent in this case series of patients with 'hot-phase' presentation, especially in carriers of variants in cardiomyopathy-related genes. Detecting apoptosis on EMB might guide clinicians in performing genetic testing and in more tailored therapeutic choices in 'hot-phase cardiomyopathy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bassetto
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
| | - Marco Merlo
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
| | - Matteo Dal Ferro
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
| | - Martina Setti
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Paldino
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca Artioli
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Loffredo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Colli, Centro di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Università della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio D'Elia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Colli, Centro di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Università della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Colli, Centro di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Università della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Fabris
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Cardiothoracic Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Colli, Centro di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Università della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low-Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart)
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2
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Catapano D, Tontodonato M, D'Elia S, Pezzullo E, Ciaramella F, Vettori S, Bussani R, Ciucci G, Collesi C, Sinagra G, Golino P, Loffredo FS. Fulminant Myocarditis Unmasking Adult-Onset Still's Disease and Desmoplakin Truncation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:e015001. [PMID: 37283033 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Catapano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
| | - Marco Tontodonato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
| | - Saverio D'Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
| | - Enrica Pezzullo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
| | - Francesco Ciaramella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
| | | | - Rossana Bussani
- Pathology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina and University of Trieste, Italy (R.B.)
| | - Giulio Ciucci
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy (G.C., C.C.)
| | - Chiara Collesi
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy (G.C., C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences (C.C.), University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) (G.S.), University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
| | - Francesco S Loffredo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy (D.C., M.T., S.D., E.P., F.C., P.G., F.S.L.)
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3
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Massimo M, Barelli C, Moreno C, Collesi C, Holloway RK, Crespo B, Zentilin L, Williams A, Miron VE, Giacca M, Long KR. Haemorrhage of human foetal cortex associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain 2023; 146:1175-1185. [PMID: 36642091 PMCID: PMC9976976 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal viral infection and immune response are known to increase the risk of altered development of the foetal brain. Given the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), investigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on foetal brain health is of critical importance. Here, we report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in first and second trimester foetal brain tissue in association with cortical haemorrhages. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was sparsely detected within progenitors and neurons of the cortex itself, but was abundant in the choroid plexus of haemorrhagic samples. SARS-CoV-2 was also sparsely detected in placenta, amnion and umbilical cord tissues. Cortical haemorrhages were linked to a reduction in blood vessel integrity and an increase in immune cell infiltration into the foetal brain. Our findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the foetal brain during early gestation and highlight the need for further study of its impact on subsequent neurological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Massimo
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carlotta Barelli
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Catalina Moreno
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34139 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berta Crespo
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34139 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine R Long
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
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4
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Bussani R, Zentilin L, Correa R, Colliva A, Silvestri F, Zacchigna S, Collesi C, Giacca M. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients seemingly recovered from COVID-19. J Pathol 2023; 259:254-263. [PMID: 36651103 PMCID: PMC10107739 DOI: 10.1002/path.6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is clinically heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to deadly. A few patients with COVID-19 appear to recover from acute viral infection but nevertheless progress in their disease and eventually die, despite persistent negativity at molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Here, we performed post-mortem analyses in 27 consecutive patients who had apparently recovered from COVID-19 but had progressively worsened in their clinical conditions despite repeated viral negativity in nasopharyngeal swabs or bronchioalveolar lavage for 11-300 consecutive days (average: 105.5 days). Three of these patients remained PCR-negative for over 9 months. Post-mortem analysis revealed evidence of diffuse or focal interstitial pneumonia in 23/27 (81%) patients, accompanied by extensive fibrotic substitution in 13 cases (47%). Despite apparent virological remission, lung pathology was similar to that observed in acute COVID-19 individuals, including micro- and macro-vascular thrombosis (67% of cases), vasculitis (24%), squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium (30%), frequent cytological abnormalities and syncytia (67%), and the presence of dysmorphic features in the bronchial cartilage (44%). Consistent with molecular test negativity, SARS-CoV-2 antigens were not detected in the respiratory epithelium. In contrast, antibodies against both spike and nucleocapsid revealed the frequent (70%) infection of bronchial cartilage chondrocytes and para-bronchial gland epithelial cells. In a few patients (19%), we also detected positivity in vascular pericytes and endothelial cells. Quantitative RT-PCR amplification in tissue lysates confirmed the presence of viral RNA. Together, these findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can persist significantly longer than suggested by standard PCR-negative tests, with specific infection of specific cell types in the lung. Whether these persistently infected cells also play a pathogenic role in long COVID remains to be addressed. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Bussani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Ricardo Correa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Furio Silvestri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
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5
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Ciucci G, Rahhali K, Cimmino G, Natale F, Golino P, Sinagra G, Collesi C, Loffredo FS. Engineered heart tissue maturation inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferative response to cryoinjury. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231190147. [PMID: 37842206 PMCID: PMC10571691 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231190147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the poor regenerative capacity of the adult heart after myocardial infarction (MI) are still unclear and their understanding is crucial to develop novel regenerative therapies. Considering the lack of reliable in vitro tissue-like models to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration, we used cryoinjury on rat Engineered Heart Tissues (rEHTs) as a new model which recapitulates in part the in vivo response after myocardial injury of neonatal and adult heart. When we subjected to cryoinjury immature and mature rEHTs, we observed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte (CM) DNA synthesis when compared to the controls. As expected, the number of mitotic CMs significantly increases in immature rEHTs when compared to mature rEHTs, suggesting that the extent of CM maturation plays a crucial role in their proliferative response after cryoinjury. Moreover, we show that cryoinjury induces a temporary activation of fibroblast response in mature EHTs, similar to the early response after MI, that is however incomplete in immature EHTs. Our results support the hypothesis that the endogenous maturation program in cardiac myocytes plays a major role in determining the proliferative response to injury. Therefore, we propose rEHTs as a robust, novel tool to in vitro investigate critical aspects of cardiac regeneration in a tissue-like asset free from confounding factors in response to injury, such as the immune system response or circulating inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ciucci
- Molecular Cardiology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Karim Rahhali
- Molecular Cardiology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Natale
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata Trieste “ASUITS,” University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata Trieste “ASUITS,” University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco S Loffredo
- Molecular Cardiology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
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6
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Dal Ferro M, Bussani R, Paldino A, Nuzzi V, Collesi C, Zentilin L, Schneider E, Correa R, Silvestri F, Zacchigna S, Giacca M, Metra M, Merlo M, Sinagra G. Correction to: SARS‑CoV‑2, myocardial injury and inflammation: insights from a large clinical and autopsy study. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:1694. [PMID: 34398286 PMCID: PMC8365123 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dal Ferro
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Paldino
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nuzzi
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Schneider
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ricardo Correa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Furio Silvestri
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Marco Metra
- CardiologyASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
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7
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Dal Ferro M, Bussani R, Paldino A, Nuzzi V, Collesi C, Zentilin L, Schneider E, Correa R, Silvestri F, Zacchigna S, Giacca M, Metra M, Merlo M, Sinagra G. SARS-CoV-2, myocardial injury and inflammation: insights from a large clinical and autopsy study. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:1822-1831. [PMID: 34282465 PMCID: PMC8288413 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Despite growing evidence about myocardial injury in hospitalized COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the mechanism behind this injury is only poorly understood and little is known about its association with SARS-CoV-2-mediated myocarditis. Furthermore, definite evidence of the presence and role of SARS-CoV-2 in cardiomyocytes in the clinical scenario is still lacking. Methods We histologically characterized myocardial tissue of 40 patients deceased with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic. Clinical data were also recorded and analyzed. In case of findings supportive of myocardial inflammation, histological analysis was complemented by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens and in situ RNA hybridization for the detection of viral genomes. Results Both chronic and acute myocardial damage was invariably present, correlating with the age and comorbidities of our population. Myocarditis of overt entity was found in one case (2.5%). SARS-CoV-2 genome was not found in the cardiomyocytes of the patient with myocarditis, while it was focally and negligibly present in cardiomyocytes of patients with known viral persistence in the lungs and no signs of myocardial inflammation. The presence of myocardial injury was not associated with myocardial inflammatory infiltrates. Conclusions In this autopsy cohort of COVID-19 patients, myocarditis is rarely found and not associated with SARS-CoV-2 presence in cardiomyocytes. Chronic and acute forms of myocardial damage are constantly found and correlate with the severity of COVID-19 disease and pre-existing comorbidities. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00392-021-01910-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dal Ferro
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy. .,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Paldino
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nuzzi
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Schneider
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ricardo Correa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Furio Silvestri
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Marco Metra
- CardiologyASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Via Valdoni 7, 34123, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Braga L, Ali H, Secco I, Chiavacci E, Neves G, Goldhill D, Penn R, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Ortega-Prieto AM, Bussani R, Cannatà A, Rizzari G, Collesi C, Schneider E, Arosio D, Shah AM, Barclay WS, Malim MH, Burrone J, Giacca M. Drugs that inhibit TMEM16 proteins block SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced syncytia. Nature 2021; 594:88-93. [PMID: 33827113 PMCID: PMC7611055 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease with unique characteristics that include lung thrombosis1, frequent diarrhoea2, abnormal activation of the inflammatory response3 and rapid deterioration of lung function consistent with alveolar oedema4. The pathological substrate for these findings remains unknown. Here we show that the lungs of patients with COVID-19 contain infected pneumocytes with abnormal morphology and frequent multinucleation. The generation of these syncytia results from activation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at the cell plasma membrane level. On the basis of these observations, we performed two high-content microscopy-based screenings with more than 3,000 approved drugs to search for inhibitors of spike-driven syncytia. We converged on the identification of 83 drugs that inhibited spike-mediated cell fusion, several of which belonged to defined pharmacological classes. We focused our attention on effective drugs that also protected against virus replication and associated cytopathicity. One of the most effective molecules was the antihelminthic drug niclosamide, which markedly blunted calcium oscillations and membrane conductance in spike-expressing cells by suppressing the activity of TMEM16F (also known as anoctamin 6), a calcium-activated ion channel and scramblase that is responsible for exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for COVID-19 disease pathogenesis and support the repurposing of niclosamide for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Braga
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Hashim Ali
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Secco
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Elena Chiavacci
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Guilherme Neves
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Goldhill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Penn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Jimenez-Guardeño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Ortega-Prieto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Cannatà
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Rizzari
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Schneider
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Arosio
- Istituto di Biofisica (IBF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Trento, Italy
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan Burrone
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
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9
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Collesi C, Felician G, Secco I, Gutierrez MI, Martelletti E, Ali H, Zentilin L, Myers MP, Giacca M. Reversible Notch1 acetylation tunes proliferative signalling in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:103-122. [PMID: 29186476 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The Notch signalling pathway regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation in several tissues, including the heart. Our previous work has demonstrated that the proliferative potential of neonatal cardiomyocytes relies on Notch1 activity. A deep investigation on the biochemical regulation of the Notch signalling in cardiomyocytes is the focus of the current research. Methods and results We show that the Notch1 intracellular domain is acetylated in proliferating neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and that acetylation tightly controls the amplitude and duration of Notch signalling. We found that acetylation extends the half-life of the protein, and enhanced its transcriptional activity, therefore counteracting apoptosis and sustaining cardiomyocyte proliferation. Sirt1 acted as a negative modulator of Notch1 signalling; its overexpression in cardiomyocytes reverted Notch acetylation and dampened its stability. A constitutively acetylated fusion protein between Notch1 and the acetyltransferase domain of p300 promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, which was remarkably sustained over time. Viral vector-mediated expression of this protein enhanced heart regeneration after apical resection in neonatal mice. Conclusion These results identify the reversible acetylation of Notch1 as a novel mechanism to modulate its signalling in the heart and tune the proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy.,Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Via Valdoni 7, 34100 Trieste, Italy; and
| | - Giulia Felician
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Secco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Ines Gutierrez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Martelletti
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Hashim Ali
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael P Myers
- Protein Networks Laboratories, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy.,Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Via Valdoni 7, 34100 Trieste, Italy; and
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10
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Gabisonia K, Prosdocimo G, Aquaro GD, Carlucci L, Zentilin L, Secco I, Ali H, Braga L, Gorgodze N, Bernini F, Burchielli S, Collesi C, Zandonà L, Sinagra G, Piacenti M, Zacchigna S, Bussani R, Recchia FA, Giacca M. MicroRNA therapy stimulates uncontrolled cardiac repair after myocardial infarction in pigs. Nature 2019; 569:418-422. [PMID: 31068698 PMCID: PMC6768803 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prompt coronary catheterization and revascularization have dramatically improved
the outcome of myocardial infarction, but also have resulted in a growing number of
survived patients with permanent structural damage of the heart, which frequently leads to
heart failure. Finding new treatments for this condition is a largely unmet clinical need
1, especially because of the incapacity of
cardiomyocytes to replicate after birth and thus achieve regeneration of the lost
contractile tissue 2. Here we show that expression
of human microRNA-199a in infarcted pig hearts is capable of stimulating cardiac repair.
One month after myocardial infarction and delivery of this microRNA through an
adeno-associated viral vector, the treated animals showed marked improvements in both
global and regional contractility, increased muscle mass and reduced scar size. These
functional and morphological findings correlated with cardiomyocyte de-differentiation and
proliferation. At longer follow-up, however, persistent and uncontrolled expression of the
microRNA resulted in sudden arrhythmic death of most of the treated pigs. Such events were
concurrent with myocardial infiltration of proliferating cells displaying a poorly
differentiated myoblastic phenotype. These results show that achieving cardiac repair
through the stimulation of endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation is attainable in large
mammals, however this therapy needs to be tightly dosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Gabisonia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Prosdocimo
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Carlucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Secco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK
| | - Hashim Ali
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK
| | - Nikoloz Gorgodze
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bernini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zandonà
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy. .,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy. .,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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11
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Rehman M, Vodret S, Braga L, Guarnaccia C, Celsi F, Rossetti G, Martinelli V, Battini T, Long C, Vukusic K, Kocijan T, Collesi C, Ring N, Skoko N, Giacca M, Del Sal G, Confalonieri M, Raspa M, Marcello A, Myers MP, Crovella S, Carloni P, Zacchigna S. High-throughput screening discovers antifibrotic properties of haloperidol by hindering myofibroblast activation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123987. [PMID: 30996132 PMCID: PMC6538355 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of various diseases, with very limited therapeutic solutions. A key event in the fibrotic process is the expression of contractile proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) by fibroblasts, which become myofibroblasts. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput screening of a library of approved drugs that led to the discovery of haloperidol, a common antipsychotic drug, as a potent inhibitor of myofibroblast activation. We show that haloperidol exerts its antifibrotic effect on primary murine and human fibroblasts by binding to sigma receptor 1, independent from the canonical transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Its mechanism of action involves the modulation of intracellular calcium, with moderate induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, which in turn abrogates Notch1 signaling and the consequent expression of its targets, including αSMA. Importantly, haloperidol also reduced the fibrotic burden in 3 different animal models of lung, cardiac, and tumor-associated fibrosis, thus supporting the repurposing of this drug for the treatment of fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,” Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine, and
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Natasa Skoko
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine, and
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael P. Myers
- Protein Networks Laboratories, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Ali H, Mano M, Braga L, Naseem A, Marini B, Vu DM, Collesi C, Meroni G, Lusic M, Giacca M. Cellular TRIM33 restrains HIV-1 infection by targeting viral integrase for proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:926. [PMID: 30804369 PMCID: PMC6389893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Productive HIV-1 replication requires viral integrase (IN), which catalyzes integration of the viral genome into the host cell DNA. IN, however, is short lived and is rapidly degraded by the host ubiquitin-proteasome system. To identify the cellular factors responsible for HIV-1 IN degradation, we performed a targeted RNAi screen using a library of siRNAs against all components of the ubiquitin-conjugation machinery using high-content microscopy. Here we report that the E3 RING ligase TRIM33 is a major determinant of HIV-1 IN stability. CD4-positive cells with TRIM33 knock down show increased HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA formation, while those overexpressing the factor display opposite effects. Knock down of TRIM33 reverts the phenotype of an HIV-1 molecular clone carrying substitution of IN serine 57 to alanine, a mutation known to impair viral DNA integration. Thus, TRIM33 acts as a cellular factor restricting HIV-1 infection by preventing provirus formation. HIV-1 integration into host DNA is mediated by the viral integrase (IN). Here, using siRNA screen and high-content microscopy, the authors identify the host E3 RING ligase TRIM33 to affect IN stability and show that TRIM33 prevents viral integration by triggering IN proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK
| | - Miguel Mano
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Marini
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Ulisse BioMed S.r.l., AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Diem My Vu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Lusic
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,University Hospital Heidelberg and German Center for Infection Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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13
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Secco I, Barile L, Torrini C, Zentilin L, Vassalli G, Giacca M, Collesi C. Notch pathway activation enhances cardiosphere in vitro expansion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5583-5595. [PMID: 30138533 PMCID: PMC6201224 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiospheres (CSps) are self‐assembling clusters of a heterogeneous population of poorly differentiated cells outgrowing from in vitro cultured cardiac explants. Scanty information is available on the molecular pathways regulating CSp growth and their differentiation potential towards cardiac and vascular lineages. Here we report that Notch1 stimulates a massive increase in both CSp number and size, inducing a peculiar gene expression programme leading to a cardiovascular molecular signature. These effects were further enhanced using Adeno‐Associated Virus (AAV)‐based gene transfer of activated Notch1‐intracellular domain (N1‐ICD) or soluble‐Jagged1 (sJ1) ligand to CSp‐forming cells. A peculiar effect was exploited by selected pro‐proliferating miRNAs: hsa‐miR‐590‐3p induced a cardiovascular gene expression programme, while hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p acted as the most potent stimulus for the activation of the Notch pathway, thus showing that, unlike in adult cardiomyocytes, these miRNAs involve Notch signalling activation in CSps. Our results identify Notch1 as a crucial regulator of CSp growth and differentiation along the vascular lineage, raising the attracting possibility that forced activation of this pathway might be exploited to promote in vitro CSp expansion as a tool for toxicology screening and cell‐free therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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14
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Piccolo P, Attanasio S, Secco I, Sangermano R, Strisciuglio C, Limongelli G, Miele E, Mutarelli M, Banfi S, Nigro V, Pons T, Valencia A, Zentilin L, Campione S, Nardone G, Lynnes TC, Celestino-Soper PBS, Spoonamore KG, D'Armiento FP, Giacca M, Staiano A, Vatta M, Collesi C, Brunetti-Pierri N. MIB2 variants altering NOTCH signalling result in left ventricle hypertrabeculation/non-compaction and are associated with Ménétrier-like gastropathy. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:33-43. [PMID: 28013292 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed whole exome sequencing in individuals from a family with autosomal dominant gastropathy resembling Ménétrier disease, a premalignant gastric disorder with epithelial hyperplasia and enhanced EGFR signalling. Ménétrier disease is believed to be an acquired disorder, but its aetiology is unknown. In affected members, we found a missense p.V742G variant in MIB2, a gene regulating NOTCH signalling that has not been previously linked to human diseases. The variant segregated with the disease in the pedigree, affected a highly conserved amino acid residue, and was predicted to be deleterious although it was found with a low frequency in control individuals. The purified protein carrying the p.V742G variant showed reduced ubiquitination activity in vitro and white blood cells from affected individuals exhibited significant reductions of HES1 and NOTCH3 expression reflecting alteration of NOTCH signalling. Because mutations of MIB1, the homolog of MIB2, have been found in patients with left ventricle non-compaction (LVNC), we investigated members of our family with Ménétrier-like disease for this cardiac abnormality. Asymptomatic left ventricular hypertrabeculation, the mildest end of the LVNC spectrum, was detected in two members carrying the MIB2 variant. Finally, we identified an additional MIB2 variant (p.V984L) affecting protein stability in an unrelated isolated case with LVNC. Expression of both MIB2 variants affected NOTCH signalling, proliferation and apoptosis in primary rat cardiomyocytes.In conclusion, we report the first example of left ventricular hypertrabeculation/LVNC with germline MIB2 variants resulting in altered NOTCH signalling that might be associated with a gastropathy clinically overlapping with Ménétrier disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Attanasio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Secco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sangermano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Tirso Pons
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Severo Campione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ty C Lynnes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
| | | | - Katherine G Spoonamore
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Vatta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics.,Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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15
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16
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Gregorini M, Bosio F, Rocca C, Corradetti V, Valsania T, Pattonieri EF, Esposito P, Bedino G, Collesi C, Libetta C, Frassoni F, Canton AD, Rampino T. Mesenchymal stromal cells reset the scatter factor system and cytokine network in experimental kidney transplantation. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:44. [PMID: 25277788 PMCID: PMC4193986 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In former studies we showed in a rat model of renal transplantation that Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) prevent acute rejection in an independent way of their endowing in the graft. In this study we investigated whether MSC operate by resetting cytokine network and Scatter Factor systems, i.e. Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) and their receptors Met and RON, respectively. METHODS MSC were injected into the renal artery soon after reperfusion. Controls were grafted untreated and normal rats. Rats were sacrificed 7 days after grafting. Serum and renal tissue levels of IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, MSP/RON, HGF/Met systems, Treg lymphocytes were investigated. RESULTS In grafted untreated rats IFN-γ increased in serum and renal tissue and IL-6 rose in serum. MSC prevented both the phenomena, increased IL-10 serum levels and Treg number in the graft. Furthermore MSC increased serum and tissue HGF levels, Met tubular expression and prevented the suppression of tubular MSP/RON expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that MSC modify cytokine network to a tolerogenic setting, they suppress Th1 cells, inactivate monocytes/macrophage, recruit Tregs. In addition, MSC sustain the expression of the Scatter Factor systems expression, i.e. systems that are committed to defend survival and stimulate regeneration of tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosio
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rocca
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Valsania
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Bedino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- ICGEB, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Stem Cells Therapy and Hemato-Oncology, S.Martino Hospital, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Felician G, Collesi C, Lusic M, Martinelli V, Ferro MD, Zentilin L, Zacchigna S, Giacca M. Epigenetic Modification at Notch Responsive Promoters Blunts Efficacy of Inducing Notch Pathway Reactivation After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2014; 115:636-49. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Felician
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Chiara Collesi
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Marina Lusic
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Matteo Dal Ferro
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacca
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (G.F., C.C., M.L., V.M., M.D.F., L.Z., S.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.); and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste”, Trieste, Italy (C.C., M.D.F., M.G.)
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Milosevic I, Giovedi S, Lou X, Raimondi A, Collesi C, Shen H, Paradise S, O'Toole E, Ferguson S, Cremona O, De Camilli P. Recruitment of endophilin to clathrin-coated pit necks is required for efficient vesicle uncoating after fission. Neuron 2012; 72:587-601. [PMID: 22099461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endophilin is a membrane-binding protein with curvature-generating and -sensing properties that participates in clathrin-dependent endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes. Endophilin also binds the GTPase dynamin and the phosphoinositide phosphatase synaptojanin and is thought to coordinate constriction of coated pits with membrane fission (via dynamin) and subsequent uncoating (via synaptojanin). We show that although synaptojanin is recruited by endophilin at bud necks before fission, the knockout of all three mouse endophilins results in the accumulation of clathrin-coated vesicles, but not of clathrin-coated pits, at synapses. The absence of endophilin impairs but does not abolish synaptic transmission and results in perinatal lethality, whereas partial endophilin absence causes severe neurological defects, including epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Our data support a model in which endophilin recruitment to coated pit necks, because of its curvature-sensing properties, primes vesicle buds for subsequent uncoating after membrane fission, without being critically required for the fission reaction itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Milosevic
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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19
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Zentilin L, Puligadda U, Lionetti V, Zacchigna S, Collesi C, Pattarini L, Ruozi G, Camporesi S, Sinagra G, Pepe M, Recchia FA, Giacca M. Cardiomyocyte VEGFR-1 activation by VEGF-B induces compensatory hypertrophy and preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2009; 24:1467-78. [PMID: 20019242 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-143180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the function of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family extends beyond blood vessel formation. Here, we show that the prolonged intramyocardial expression of VEGF-A(165) and VEGF-B(167) on adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery determined a marked improvement in cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats, by promoting cardiac contractility, preserving viable cardiac tissue, and preventing remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) over time. Consistent with this functional outcome, animals treated with both factors showed diminished fibrosis and increased contractile myocardium, which were more pronounced after expression of the selective VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) ligand VEGF-B, in the absence of significant induction of angiogenesis. We found that cardiomyocytes expressed VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and neuropilin-1 and that, in particular, VEGFR-1 was specifically up-regulated in hypoxia and on exposure to oxidative stress. VEGF-B exerted powerful antiapoptotic effect in both cultured cardiomyocytes and after myocardial infarction in vivo. Finally, VEGFR-1 activation by VEGF-B was found to elicit a peculiar gene expression profile proper of the compensatory, hypertrophic response, consisting in activation of alphaMHC and repression of betaMHC and skeletal alpha-actin, and an increase in SERCA2a, RYR, PGC1alpha, and cardiac natriuretic peptide transcripts, both in cultured cardiomyocytes and in infarcted hearts. The finding that VEGFR-1 activation by VEGF-B prevents loss of cardiac mass and promotes maintenance of cardiac contractility over time has obvious therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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20
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Collesi C, Zentilin L, Sinagra G, Giacca M. Notch1 signaling stimulates proliferation of immature cardiomyocytes. J Exp Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1084/jem20511oia23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
The identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation during the embryonic, fetal, and early neonatal life appears of paramount interest in regard to exploiting this information to promote cardiac regeneration. Here, we show that the proliferative potential of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes is powerfully stimulated by the sustained activation of the Notch pathway. We found that Notch1 is expressed in proliferating ventricular immature cardiac myocytes (ICMs) both in vitro and in vivo, and that the number of Notch1-positive cells in the heart declines with age. Notch1 expression in ICMs paralleled the expression of its Jagged1 ligand on non-myocyte supporting cells. The inhibition of Notch signaling in ICMs blocked their proliferation and induced apoptosis; in contrast, its activation by Jagged1 or by the constitutive expression of its activated form using an adeno-associated virus markedly stimulated proliferative signaling and promoted ICM expansion. Maintenance or reactivation of Notch signaling in cardiac myocytes might represent an interesting target for innovative regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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22
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Manasseri B, Cuccia G, Moimas S, D'Alcontres FS, Polito F, Bitto A, Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Geuna S, Pattarini L, Zentilin L, Collesi C, Puligadda U, Giacca M, Colonna MR. Microsurgical arterovenous loops and biological templates: a novel in vivo chamber for tissue engineering. Microsurgery 2008; 27:623-9. [PMID: 17868145 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsurgical tissue engineering is an emerging topic in regenerative medicine. Here we describe a new microsurgical model of bioengineering in rats based on the use of an arterovenous loop (AV) implanted into a commercially available crosslinked collagen/glycosaminoglycan template. METHODS The microvascular loop was created between the femoral artery and vein and covered by the template folded onto itself. The chamber was isolated from the outside tissue by an outer silicon layer to impede tissue ingrowth. RESULTS At 1-month postimplantation, the tissue chamber was found heavily vascularized, as assessed by laser Doppler perfusion analysis. Histological examination showed that the AV loop was integrated into the collagen matrix of the template and that the whole template was filled with a newly formed soft connective tissue. Most interestingly, the whole scaffold was found heavily vascularized, including the formation of a large number of alpha-SMA-positive arterioles. CONCLUSIONS The developed microsurgical chamber provides a highly vascular, isolated tool for in vivo tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Manasseri
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Messina Medical School, Messina, Italy
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23
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Ferguson SM, Brasnjo G, Hayashi M, Wölfel M, Collesi C, Giovedi S, Raimondi A, Gong LW, Ariel P, Paradise S, O'toole E, Flavell R, Cremona O, Miesenböck G, Ryan TA, De Camilli P. A selective activity-dependent requirement for dynamin 1 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Science 2007; 316:570-4. [PMID: 17463283 DOI: 10.1126/science.1140621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 1 is a neuron-specific guanosine triphosphatase thought to be critically required for the fission reaction of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Unexpectedly, mice lacking dynamin 1 were able to form functional synapses, even though their postnatal viability was limited. However, during spontaneous network activity, branched, tubular plasma membrane invaginations accumulated, capped by clathrin-coated pits, in synapses of dynamin 1-knockout mice. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis was severely impaired during strong exogenous stimulation but resumed efficiently when the stimulus was terminated. Thus, dynamin 1-independent mechanisms can support limited synaptic vesicle endocytosis, but dynamin 1 is needed during high levels of neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Ferguson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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24
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Gianinazzi CF, Raiteri E, Collesi C, Benfenati F, Cremona O. Dynamics of secretion. Arch Ital Biol 2005; 143:133-42. [PMID: 16106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this short review, kinetic aspects of exocytosis are discussed. A special emphasis is put on recent data that highlight dynamic differences between neurotransmission and other forms of secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Gianinazzi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20137 Milano, Italy
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25
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Cremona O, Collesi C, Raiteri E, Benfenati F. Kinetics of neuronal and endocrine secretion. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 27:128-33. [PMID: 15481812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulated secretion/exocytosis is a key mechanism for cell-cell communication. Neurotransmission and hormone release are the most studied and the best characterized of all secretion systems so far. Here, some dynamic aspects of secretory vesicle trafficking will be briefly reviewed with special emphasis on the differences between synaptic vesicle and dense-core vesicle turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cremona
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
Conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins is a well-established signal to regulate an ever expanding range of cellular processes. Here, we discuss recent findings that deeply link ubiquitin signaling to synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavio Cremona
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Rampino T, Gregorini M, Soccio G, Maggio M, Rosso R, Malvezzi P, Collesi C, Dal Canton A. The Ron proto-oncogene product is a phenotypic marker of renal oncocytoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:779-85. [PMID: 12766581 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200306000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene product Ron is the receptor for macrophage stimulating protein, a scatter factor that stimulates cell proliferation, prevents apoptosis, and induces an invasive cell phenotype. We investigated the expression of Ron, Ki-67 (proliferation index), p53, and bcl-2 (proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins, respectively) in 50 renal tumors (19 clear cell carcinomas, 18 oncocytomas, 7 papillary cell carcinomas, 5 chromophobe cell carcinomas, and 1 carcinoma with sarcomatoid areas). In addition, we studied Ron in normal kidney and in the renal carcinoma cell line Caki-1. Immunostaining and Western blot showed Ron in normal kidney and in all oncocytomas but never in renal cell carcinomas or in Caki-1. In addition, Western blot showed that Ron was expressed in phosphorylated, i.e., active, form. Bcl-2 was strongly expressed in oncocytomas, whereas Ki-67 and p53 were much less expressed in oncocytomas than in carcinomas. These results indicate in Ron a marker that differentiates oncocytoma from the other renal epithelial tumors. We therefore think that Ron may prove to be a new tool for a sound and precise diagnosis of oncocytoma, a benign tumor that cannot always be distinguished from carcinomas at histologic examination. The overexpression of bcl-2, but not p53 in oncocytoma, suggests that the MSP/Ron system sustains the growth of oncocytoma by opposing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University, Milano, Italy.
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Rampino T, Collesi C, Gregorini M, Maggio M, Soccio G, Guallini P, Canton AD. Macrophage-stimulating protein is produced by tubular cells and activates mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:649-657. [PMID: 11856768 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, hepatocytes have been the only known cell source of macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and tissue macrophages have been the cells on which the biologic effects of MSP have been proved. To extend the understanding of the biologic meaning of MSP, it was investigated whether MSP operates in the kidney. MSP protein was evaluated by Western blot in supernatant of cultured human tubular cells (HK2) and human mesangial cells (HMC). MSP mRNA was investigated in HK2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of the MSP receptor, RON, was evaluated in HMC and HK2 by Western blot. RON mRNA was investigated in HMC by RT-PCR. The expression of MSP and RON in normal human renal tissue was studied by immunohistochemistry. HMC were stimulated with recombinant MSP (rMSP) and HK2 supernatant to study cell growth, migration, and the capacity to invade an artificial collagen matrix and synthesize interleukin-6 (IL-6). HK2 produced MSP and expressed RON in a form that was phosphorylated by rMSP. HMC expressed RON but did not produce MSP. MSP in HK2 supernatant and rMSP induced in HMC phosphorylation of RON, growth, migration, invasion, and IL-6 synthesis. In normal human kidney, tubules expressed MSP and RON. These results indicate a novel field of operation for MSP and suggest a pathogenic role of the MSP/RON system in renal disease. In fact, MSP released by tubular cells may recruit monocytes/macrophages in inflammatory tubulointerstitial disorders. In addition, MSP either circulating or as paracrine product may sustain glomerular mesangioproliferative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rampino
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilena Gregorini
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Milena Maggio
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Soccio
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Guallini
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
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Santoro MM, Collesi C, Grisendi S, Gaudino G, Comoglio PM. Constitutive activation of the RON gene promotes invasive growth but not transformation. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:7072-83. [PMID: 8943362 PMCID: PMC231710 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.16.12.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MET, RON, and SEA are members of a gene family encoding tyrosine kinase receptors with distinctive properties. Besides mediating growth, they control cell dissociation, motility ("scattering"), and formation of branching tubules. While there are transforming counterparts of MET and SEA, no oncogenic forms of RON have yet been identified. A chimeric Tpr-Ron, mimicking the oncogenic form of Met (Tpr-Met) was generated to investigate its transforming potential. For comparison, a chimeric Tpr-Sea was also constructed. Fusion with Tpr induced constitutive activation of the Ron and Sea kinases. While Tpr-Sea was more efficient than Tpr-Met in transformation, Tpr-Ron did not transform NIH 3T3 cells. The differences in the transforming abilities of Tpr-Met and Tpr-Ron were linked to the functional features of the respective tyrosine kinases using the approach of swapping subdomains. Kinetic analysis showed that the catalytic efficiency of Tpr-Ron is five times lower than that of Tpr-Met. Moreover, constitutive activation of Ron resulted in activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade approximately three times lower than that attained by Tpr-Met. However, constitutive activation of Ron did induce a mitogenic-invasive response, causing cell dissociation, motility, and invasion of extracellular matrices. Tpr-Ron also induced formation of long, unbranched tubules in tridimensional collagen gels. These data show that RON has the potential to elicit a motile-invasive rather than a transformed phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Santoro
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of Turin Medical School, Italy
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Collesi C, Santoro MM, Gaudino G, Comoglio PM. A splicing variant of the RON transcript induces constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and an invasive phenotype. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:5518-26. [PMID: 8816464 PMCID: PMC231551 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.16.10.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ron tyrosine kinase receptor shares with the members of its subfamily (Met and Sea) a unique functional feature: the control of cell dissociation, motility, and invasion of extracellular matrices (scattering). The mature Ron protein is a heterodimer of disulfide-linked alpha and beta chains, originated by proteolytic cleavage of a single-chain precursor of 185 kDa. In a human gastric cancer cell line (KATO-III), we found abnormal accumulation of an uncleaved single-chain protein (delta-Ron) of 165 kDa; this molecule is encoded by a transcript differing from the full-length RON mRNA by an in-frame deletion of 49 amino acids in the beta-chain extracellular domain. The deleted transcript originates by an alternatively spliced cassette exon of 147 bp, flanked by two short introns. The delta-Ron tyrosine kinase is constitutively activated by disulfide-linked intracellular oligomerization because it contains an uneven number of cysteine residues. Oligomerization and constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of the full-size Ron was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of a single cysteine residue in the region encoded by the cassette exon, mimicking that occurring in the delta-Ron isoform. Inhibition of thiol-mediated intermolecular disulfide bonding prevented delta-Ron oligomerization. The intracellular activation of Ron is followed by acquisition of invasive properties in vitro. These data (i) provide a novel molecular mechanism for posttranscriptional activation of a tyrosine kinase receptor protein and (ii) suggest a role for the Ron receptor in progression toward malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Collesi
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of Turin Medical School, Italy
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Gaudino G, Follenzi A, Naldini L, Collesi C, Santoro M, Gallo KA, Godowski PJ, Comoglio PM. RON is a heterodimeric tyrosine kinase receptor activated by the HGF homologue MSP. EMBO J 1994; 13:3524-32. [PMID: 8062829 PMCID: PMC395256 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RON, a cDNA homologous to the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor gene (MET), encodes a putative tyrosine kinase. Here we show that the RON gene is expressed in several epithelial tissues as well as in granulocytes and monocytes. The major RON transcript is translated into a glycosylated single chain precursor, cleaved into a 185 kDa heterodimer (p185RON) of 35 (alpha) and 150 kDa (beta) disulfide-linked chains, before exposure at the cell surface. The Ron beta-chain displays intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in vitro, after immunoprecipitation by specific antibodies. In vivo, tyrosine phosphorylation of p185RON is induced by stimulation with macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), a protease-like factor containing four 'kringle' domains, homologous to HGF. In epithelial cells, MSP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p185RON is followed by DNA synthesis. p185RON is not activated by HGF, nor is the HGF receptor activated by MSP in biochemical and biological assays. p185RON is also activated by a pure recombinant protein containing only the N-terminal two kringles of MSP. These data show that p185RON is a tyrosine kinase activated by MSP and that it is member of a family of growth factor receptors with distinct specificities for structurally related ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gaudino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Italy
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