1
|
Ge X, Slütter B, Lambooij JM, Zhou E, Ying Z, Agirman C, Heijink M, Rimbert A, Guigas B, Kuiper J, Müller C, Bracher F, Giera M, Kooijman S, Rensen PC, Wang Y, Schönke M. DHCR24 inhibitor SH42 increases desmosterol without preventing atherosclerosis development in mice. iScience 2024; 27:109830. [PMID: 38770137 PMCID: PMC11103367 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver X receptor (LXR) is considered a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment, but synthetic LXR agonists generally also cause hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Desmosterol, a final intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis, has been identified as a selective LXR ligand that suppresses inflammation without inducing lipogenesis. Δ24-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) converts desmosterol into cholesterol, and we previously showed that the DHCR24 inhibitor SH42 increases desmosterol to activate LXR and attenuate experimental peritonitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of SH42 on atherosclerosis development in APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor knockout mice, models for lipid- and inflammation-driven atherosclerosis, respectively. In both models, SH42 increased desmosterol without affecting plasma lipids. While reducing liver lipids in APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice, and regulating populations of circulating monocytes in LDL receptor knockout mice, SH42 did not attenuate atherosclerosis in either model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ceren Agirman
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Heijink
- The Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Div. of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Med-X institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Löffeler S, Bertilsson H, Müller C, Aas K, Haugnes HS, Aksnessæther B, Pesonen M, Thon K, Tandstad T, Murtola T, Poulsen MH, Nordstrøm T, Vigmostad MN, Ottosson F, Holmsten K, Christiansen O, Slaaen M, Haug ES, Storås AH, Asphaug L, Rannikko A, Brasso K. Protocol of a randomised, controlled trial comparing immediate curative therapy with conservative treatment in men aged ≥75 years with non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer (SPCG 19/GRand-P). BJU Int 2024; 133:680-689. [PMID: 38469686 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older men (aged ≥75 years) with high risk, non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) are increasingly treated with curative therapy (surgery or radiotherapy). However, it is unclear if curative therapy prolongs life and improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this age group compared to conservative therapy, which has evolved considerably during the last decade. STUDY DESIGN The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) 19/Norwegian Get-Randomized Research Group-Prostate (GRand-P) is a randomised, two-armed, controlled, multicentre, phase III trial carried out at study centres in Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. ENDPOINTS The primary endpoints are overall survival and HRQoL (burden of disease scale, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] Elderly Cancer patients). Secondary endpoints are PCa-specific survival, metastasis-free survival, role-functioning scale (EORTC quality of life questionnaire 30-item core), urinary irritative/obstructive scale (26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite [EPIC-26]), bowel scale (EPIC-26), intervention-free survival, PCa morbidity, use of secondary and tertiary systemic therapies, mean quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and mean total healthcare costs. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 980 men (aged ≥75 years) with non-metastatic, high-risk PCa will initially be screened with Geriatric 8 (G8) health status screening tool and Mini-COG© brief cognitive test. Participants identified by G8 as 'fit' or 'frail' will be randomised (ratio 1:1) to either immediate curative therapy (radiotherapy or prostatectomy) or conservative therapy (endocrine therapy or observation). Participants who are unable or unwilling to participate in randomisation will be enrolled in a separate observation group. Randomised patients will be followed for 10 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Ethics approval has been granted in Norway (457593), Denmark (H-22051998), Finland (R23043) and Sweden (Dnr 2023-05296-01). The trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.org (NCT05448547).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Löffeler
- Department of Urology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Urology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Oncology, Sørlandet Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kirsti Aas
- Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Sagstuen Haugnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway (UIT), Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Maiju Pesonen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Thon
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim Tandstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Oncology, The Cancer Clinic, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Teemu Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mads Hvid Poulsen
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nordstrøm
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Karin Holmsten
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Capio St. Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marit Slaaen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | | | | | - Lars Asphaug
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of Urology and Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Korzeczek MC, Dagys L, Müller C, Tratzmiller B, Salhov A, Eichhorn T, Scheuer J, Knecht S, Plenio MB, Schwartz I. Towards a unified picture of polarization transfer - pulsed DNP and chemically equivalent PHIP. J Magn Reson 2024; 362:107671. [PMID: 38614057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization techniques, such as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), have revolutionized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. In these methods, a readily available source of high spin order, either electron spins in DNP or singlet states in hydrogen for PHIP, is brought into close proximity with nuclear spin targets, enabling efficient transfer of spin order under external quantum control. Despite vast disparities in energy scales and interaction mechanisms between electron spins in DNP and nuclear singlet states in PHIP, a pseudo-spin formalism allows us to establish an intriguing equivalence. As a result, the important low-field polarization transfer regime of PHIP can be mapped onto an analogous system equivalent to pulsed-DNP. This establishes a correspondence between key polarization transfer sequences in PHIP and DNP, facilitating the transfer of sequence development concepts. This promises fresh insights and significant cross-pollination between DNP and PHIP polarization sequence developers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Korzeczek
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Benedikt Tratzmiller
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Carl Zeiss MultiSEM GmbH, 73447, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Alon Salhov
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
| | - Tim Eichhorn
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin B Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kahiluoto H, Sakieh Y, Kaseva J, Kersebaum KC, Minoli S, Franke J, Rötter RP, Müller C. Redistribution of nitrogen to feed the people on a safer planet. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae170. [PMID: 38745567 PMCID: PMC11093128 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lack of nitrogen limits food production in poor countries while excessive nitrogen use in industrial countries has led to transgression of the planetary boundary. However, the potential of spatial redistribution of nitrogen input for food security when returning to the safe boundary has not been quantified in a robust manner. Using an emulator of a global gridded crop model ensemble, we found that redistribution of current nitrogen input to major cereals among countries can double production in the most food-insecure countries, while increasing global production of these crops by 12% with no notable regional loss or reducing the nitrogen input to the current production by one-third. Redistribution of the input within the boundary increased production by 6-8% compared to the current relative distribution, increasing production in the food-insecure countries by two-thirds. Our findings provide georeferenced guidelines for redistributing nitrogen use to enhance food security while safeguarding the planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kahiluoto
- Sustainability Science, LUT University, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Agroecology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yousef Sakieh
- Sustainability Science, LUT University, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Applied Statistical Methods, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurt-Christian Kersebaum
- Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modeling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Ecosystem Modelling, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Minoli
- Climate Resilience, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - James Franke
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60647, USA
| | - Reimund P Rötter
- Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modeling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Climate Resilience, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peter M, Bakanov N, Mathgen X, Brühl CA, Veith M, Müller C. Multiresidue analysis of bat guano using GC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3149-3160. [PMID: 38563959 PMCID: PMC11068669 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bats are the second largest mammalian order and are an endangered species group with a strong need for contamination monitoring. To facilitate non-invasive monitoring of the ecological burden in bat populations, a multiresidue method for the simultaneous quantification of 119 analytes including pesticides, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), UV blockers, plasticizers, and other emerging pollutants in bat guano with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Sample preparation and clean-up were performed with a modified QuEChERS approach based on DIN EN 15662. The method uses 1.00 g bat guano as sample with acetonitrile and water for liquid-liquid extraction. Phase separation is assisted by citrate-buffered salting out agent. For clean-up of the extract, primary secondary amine (PSA) was combined with graphitized carbon black (GCB). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) ranged between 2.5 and 250 µg kg-1. Linearity was shown in a concentration range from the respective LLOQs to 1250 µg kg-1. The median of the mean recovery was 102.4%. Precision was tested at three concentrations. Method and injection precision were adequate with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 20%. Furthermore, the comparative analysis with LC-MS/MS demonstrated the reliability of the results and provided a valuable extension of the analytical scope. As proof of concept, three guano samples from a German nursery roost of Myotis myotis were analysed. The results show a time-dependent change in contaminant concentration, highlighting the strong need for non-invasive contamination monitoring of whole bat populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Peter
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikita Bakanov
- iES Landau, Institute of Enivonmental Sciences Landau, University Kaiserslautern-Landau, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Xenia Mathgen
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, 54296, Trier, Germany
- State Office for Agriculture and Environement of Western Pomerania, 18439, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute of Enivonmental Sciences Landau, University Kaiserslautern-Landau, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Helsingen LM, Langeland EA, Pisani SER, Vandvik PO, Haavardsholm EA, Malt UF, Müller C, Stensvold A, Kalager M, Bretthauer M. Glansbilder av nasjonale faglige retningslinjer fra Helsedirektoratet. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2024; 144:24-0141. [PMID: 38651715 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
|
7
|
Gleixner J, Kopanchuk S, Grätz L, Tahk MJ, Laasfeld T, Veikšina S, Höring C, Gattor AO, Humphrys LJ, Müller C, Archipowa N, Köckenberger J, Heinrich MR, Kutta RJ, Rinken A, Keller M. Illuminating Neuropeptide Y Y 4 Receptor Binding: Fluorescent Cyclic Peptides with Subnanomolar Binding Affinity as Novel Molecular Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1142-1168. [PMID: 38633582 PMCID: PMC11019746 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y4 receptor (Y4R), a member of the family of NPY receptors, is physiologically activated by the linear 36-amino acid peptide pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The Y4R is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, most importantly pancreatic secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and regulation of food intake. So far, Y4R binding affinities have been mostly studied in radiochemical binding assays. Except for a few fluorescently labeled PP derivatives, fluorescence-tagged Y4R ligands with high affinity have not been reported. Here, we introduce differently fluorescence-labeled (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, Py-1, Py-5) Y4R ligands derived from recently reported cyclic hexapeptides showing picomolar Y4R binding affinity. With pKi values of 9.22-9.71 (radioligand competition binding assay), all fluorescent ligands (16-19) showed excellent Y4R affinity. Y4R saturation binding, binding kinetics, and competition binding with reference ligands were studied using different fluorescence-based methods: flow cytometry (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, and Py-1 label), fluorescence anisotropy (Cy3B label), and NanoBRET (Cy3B label) binding assays. These experiments confirmed the high binding affinity to Y4R (equilibrium pKd: 9.02-9.9) and proved the applicability of the probes for fluorescence-based Y4R competition binding studies and imaging techniques such as single-receptor molecule tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gleixner
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maris-Johanna Tahk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Santa Veikšina
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert O. Gattor
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J. Humphrys
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute
of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical
Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Köckenberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ago Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Max Keller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elrys AS, Desoky ESM, Zhu Q, Liu L, Yun-Xing W, Wang C, Shuirong T, Yanzheng W, Meng L, Zhang J, Müller C. Climate controls on nitrate dynamics and gross nitrogen cycling response to nitrogen deposition in global forest soils. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:171006. [PMID: 38369137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the patterns and controls regulating nitrogen (N) transformation and its response to N enrichment is critical to re-evaluating soil N limitation or availability and its environmental consequences. Nevertheless, how climatic conditions affect nitrate dynamics and the response of gross N cycling rates to N enrichment in forest soils is still only rudimentarily known. Through collecting and analyzing 4426-single and 769-paired observations from 231 15N labeling studies, we found that nitrification capacity [the ratio of gross autotrophic nitrification (GAN) to gross N mineralization (GNM)] was significantly lower in tropical/subtropical (19%) than in temperate (68%) forest soils, mainly due to the higher GNM and lower GAN in tropical/subtropical regions resulting from low C/N ratio and high precipitation, respectively. However, nitrate retention capacity [the ratio of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) plus gross nitrate immobilization (INO3) to gross nitrification] was significantly higher in tropical/subtropical (86%) than in temperate (54%) forest soils, mainly due to the higher precipitation and GNM of tropical/subtropical regions, which stimulated DNRA and INO3. As a result, the ratio of GAN to ammonium immobilization (INH4) was significantly higher in temperate than in tropical/subtropical soils. Climatic rather than edaphic factors control heterotrophic nitrification rate (GHN) in forest soils. GHN significantly increased with increasing temperature in temperate regions and with decreasing precipitation in tropical/subtropical regions. In temperate forest soils, gross N transformation rates were insensitive to N enrichment. In tropical/subtropical forests, however, N enrichment significantly stimulated GNM, GAN and GAN to INH4 ratio, but inhibited INH4 and INO3 due to reduced microbial biomass and pH. We propose that temperate forest soils have higher nitrification capacity and lower nitrate retention capacity, implying a higher potential risk of N losses. However, tropical/subtropical forest systems shift from a conservative to a leaky N-cycling system in response to N enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Qilin Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wan Yun-Xing
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tang Shuirong
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wu Yanzheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu X, Wang J, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Uwiragiye Y, Elrys AS, Zhang J, Cai Z, Cheng Y, Müller C. Warming-Induced Stimulation of Soil N 2O Emissions Counteracted by Elevated CO 2 from Nine-Year Agroecosystem Temperature and Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6215-6225. [PMID: 38546713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Globally, agricultural soils account for approximately one-third of anthropogenic emissions of the potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions of N2O from agricultural soils are affected by a number of global change factors, such as elevated air temperatures and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Yet, a mechanistic understanding of how these climatic factors affect N2O emissions in agricultural soils remains largely unresolved. Here, we investigate the soil N2O emission pathway using a 15N tracing approach in a nine-year field experiment using a combined temperature and free air carbon dioxide enrichment (T-FACE). We show that the effect of CO2 enrichment completely counteracts warming-induced stimulation of both nitrification- and denitrification-derived N2O emissions. The elevated CO2 induced decrease in pH and labile organic nitrogen (N) masked the stimulation of organic carbon and N by warming. Unexpectedly, both elevated CO2 and warming had little effect on the abundances of the nitrifying and denitrifying genes. Overall, our study confirms the importance of multifactorial experiments to understand N2O emission pathways from agricultural soils under climate change. This better understanding is a prerequisite for more accurate models and the development of effective options to combat climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshun Tu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agricultural and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yves Uwiragiye
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Environmental Management and Renewable Energy, University of Technology and Arts of Byumba, POB 25 Byumba, Rwanda
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environmental Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen S, Elrys AS, Yang W, Du S, He M, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Soil recalcitrant but not labile organic nitrogen mineralization contributes to microbial nitrogen immobilization and plant nitrogen uptake. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17290. [PMID: 38651789 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization not only supports ecosystem productivity but also weakens carbon and N accumulation in soils. Recalcitrant (mainly mineral-associated organic matter) and labile (mainly particulate organic matter) organic materials differ dramatically in nature. Yet, the patterns and drivers of recalcitrant (MNrec) and labile (MNlab) organic N mineralization rates and their consequences on ecosystem N retention are still unclear. By collecting MNrec (299 observations) and MNlab (299 observations) from 57 15N tracing studies, we found that soil pH and total N were the master factors controlling MNrec and MNlab, respectively. This was consistent with the significantly higher rates of MNrec in alkaline soils and of MNlab in natural ecosystems. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that MNrec directly stimulated microbial N immobilization and plant N uptake, while MNlab stimulated the soil gross autotrophic nitrification which discouraged ammonium immobilization and accelerated nitrate production. We also noted that MNrec was more efficient at lower precipitation and higher temperatures due to increased soil pH. In contrast, MNlab was more efficient at higher precipitation and lower temperatures due to increased soil total N. Overall, we suggest that increasing MNrec may lead to a conservative N cycle, improving the ecosystem services and functions, while increasing MNlab may stimulate the potential risk of soil N loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shending Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wenyan Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwen Du
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu He
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan L, Li J, Lei N, Lu C, Chen X, Xie H, Zhang J, Müller C, He H, Zhang X. High leaching potential combined with a low leaching amount of fertilizer-derived nitrate in conservation tillage cropland of Northeast China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:170020. [PMID: 38224895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Stover mulching in no-tillage farming has been widely proposed as an optimized agricultural management practice to increase soil carbon storage and improve fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency in current agroecosystems. However, the regulation of soil internal gross N transformation dynamics on NO3--N leaching potential in response to long-term conservation tillage practices is still lacking. Here, based on a combination of 15N-tracing incubation and in situ monitoring experiments, we investigated the effect of 9-year no-tillage and maize stover mulching on the vertical migration of fertilizer-derived NO3--N into a deeper soil profile and the associated gross NO3--N transformation dynamics in the Mollisol of Northeast China. The net positive NO3--N production rates (varied from 3.14 to 6.22 mg N kg-1 d-1) were observed across all management practices in the studied Mollisol, indicating a relatively high NO3--N leaching potential in the cropland of Northeast China, which was further confirmed by an average of 7.4 % fertilizer-derived NO3--N being vertically transferred to the 80-100 cm soil layer after a complete maize growing period. Compared with traditional ridge tillage, long-term stover mulching in no-tillage farming significantly reduced total NO3--N production by decreasing autotrophic nitrification while simultaneously enhancing total NO3--N consumption by stimulating nitrate reduction and microbial NO3--N immobilization, revealing a markedly reduction of net NO3--N production in the no-tillage agroecosystem. Therefore, converting traditional ridge tillage toward no-tillage with maize stover mulching can effectively decrease fertilizer-derived NO3--N leaching amounts and thus formulate targeted mitigation strategies for sustainable agriculture in Mollisols of Northeast China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ningbo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Caiyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongtu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hongbo He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potapova E, Tripodi S, Panetta V, Dramburg S, Bernardini R, Caffarelli C, Casani A, Cervone R, Chini L, Comberiati P, De Castro G, Del Giudice MM, Dello Iacono I, Di Rienzo Businco A, Gallucci M, Giannetti A, Moschese V, Sfika I, Varin E, Asero R, Bianchi A, Calvani M, Frediani T, Macrì F, Maiello N, Paravati F, Pelosi U, Peroni D, Pingitore G, Tosca M, Zicari AM, Ricci G, Reese G, Grabenhenrich L, Icke K, Grübl A, Müller C, Zepp F, Schuster A, Wahn U, Lau S, Keil T, Matricardi PM. IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in childhood: Prevalence, risk factors, putative origins. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:195-206. [PMID: 38234127 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE antibodies to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are usually clinically irrelevant but they can be a cause of false positive outcomes of allergen-specific IgE tests in vitro. Their prevalence and levels have been so far cross-sectionally examined among adult allergic patients and much less is known about their origins and relevance in childhood. METHODS We examined CCD with a cross-sectional approach in 1263 Italian pollen allergic children (Panallergen in Paediatrics, PAN-PED), as well as with a longitudinal approach in 612 German children (Multicenter Allergy Study, MAS), whose cutaneous and IgE sensitization profile to a broad panel of allergen extracts and molecules was already known. The presence and levels of IgE to CCD were examined in the sera of both cohorts using bromelain (MUXF3) as reagent and a novel chemiluminescence detection system, operating in a solid phase of fluorescently labelled and streptavidin-coated paramagnetic microparticles (NOVEOS, HYCOR, USA). RESULTS IgE to CCD was found in 22% of the Italian pollen allergic children, mainly in association with an IgE response to grass pollen. Children with IgE to CCD had higher total IgE levels and were sensitized to more allergenic molecules of Phleum pratense than those with no IgE to CCD. Among participants of the German MAS birth cohort study, IgE to CCD emerged early in life (even at pre-school age), with IgE sensitization to group 1 and 4 allergen molecules of grasses, and almost invariably persisted over the full observation period. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to dissect the immunological origins, onset, evolution and risk factors of CCD-sIgE response in childhood, and raise the hypothesis that group 1 and/or 4 allergen molecules of grass pollen are major inducers of these antibodies through an antigen-specific, T-B cell cognate interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salvatore Tripodi
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Pediatrica, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Cervone
- Pediatric Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Loredana Chini
- UOSD di Immunopatologia ed Allergologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcella Gallucci
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Giannetti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- UOSD di Immunopatologia ed Allergologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ifigenia Sfika
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Varin
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Allergology Service, San Carlo Clinic, Milan, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Calvani
- Pediatric Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nunzia Maiello
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Tosca
- Pulmonary Disease and Allergy Unit, G. Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerald Reese
- Research and Development Division, Allergopharma Joachim Ganzer KG, Reinbek, Germany
| | - Linus Grabenhenrich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Icke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Grübl
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fred Zepp
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antje Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wahn
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Immunology, Former director of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Lau
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu Q, Liu L, Liu J, Wan Y, Yang R, Mou J, He Q, Tang S, Dan X, Wu Y, Zhu T, Meng L, Elrys AS, Müller C, Zhang J. Land Use Change from Natural Tropical Forests to Managed Ecosystems Reduces Gross Nitrogen Production Rates and Increases the Soil Microbial Nitrogen Limitation. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2786-2797. [PMID: 38311839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of soil microbial nitrogen (N) utilization under land use change is critical to evaluating soil N availability or limitation and its environmental consequences. A combination of soil gross N production and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry provides a promising avenue for nutrient limitation assessment in soil microbial metabolism. Gross N production via 15N tracing and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry through the vector and threshold element ratio (Vector-TER) model were quantified to evaluate the soil microbial N limitation in response to land use changes. We used tropical soil samples from a natural forest ecosystem and three managed ecosystems (paddy, rubber, and eucalyptus sites). Soil extracellular enzyme activities were significantly lower in managed ecosystems than in a natural forest. The Vector-TER model results indicated microbial carbon (C) and N limitations in the natural forest soil, and land use change from the natural forest to managed ecosystems increased the soil microbial N limitation. The soil microbial N limitation was positively related to gross N mineralization (GNM) and nitrification (GN) rates. The decrease in microbial biomass C and N as well as hydrolyzable ammonium N in managed ecosystems led to the decrease in N-acquiring enzymes, inhibiting GNM and GN rates and ultimately increasing the microbial N limitation. Soil GNM was also positively correlated with leucine aminopeptidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The results highlight that converting tropical natural forests to managed ecosystems can increase the soil microbial N limitation through reducing the soil microbial biomass and gross N production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Yunnan AgriculturalUniversity, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunxing Wan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinxia Mou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiuxiang He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen 35392, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Favaretto C, Grundler PV, Talip Z, Köster U, Johnston K, Busslinger SD, Sprung P, Hillhouse CC, Eichler R, Schibli R, Müller C, van der Meulen NP. Terbium-149 production: a focus on yield and quality improvement towards preclinical application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3284. [PMID: 38332245 PMCID: PMC10853284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium-149 (T1/2 = 4.1 h, Eα = 3.98 MeV (16.7%), 28 µm range in tissue) is a radionuclide with potential for targeted alpha therapy. Due to the negligible emission of α-emitting daughter nuclides, toxicity to healthy tissue may be reduced in comparison with other α-particle emitters. In this study, terbium-149 was produced via 1.4 GeV proton irradiation of a tantalum target at the CERN-ISOLDE facility. The spallation products were mass separated and implanted on zinc-coated foils and, later, radiochemically processed. Terbium-149 was separated from the co-produced isobaric radioisotopes and the zinc coating from the implantation foil, using cation-exchange and extraction chromatographic techniques, respectively. At the end of separation, up to 260 MBq terbium-149 were obtained with > 99% radionuclidic purity. Radiolabeling experiments were performed with DOTATATE, achieving 50 MBq/nmol apparent molar activity with radiochemical purity > 99%. The chemical purity was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurements, which showed lead, copper, iron and zinc only at ppb level. The radiolabeling of the somatostatin analogue DOTATATE with [149Tb]TbCl3 and the subsequent in vivo PET/CT scans conducted in xenografted mice, showing good tumor uptake, further demonstrated product quality and its ability to be used in a preclinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Favaretto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Köster
- Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Johnston
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Sprung
- Department Hot Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - C C Hillhouse
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Eichler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elrys AS, Wen Y, Qin X, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Eltahawy AM, Dan X, Tang S, Wu Y, Zhu T, Meng L, Zhang J, Müller C. Initial evidence on the effect of copper on global cropland nitrogen cycling: A meta-analysis. Environ Int 2024; 184:108491. [PMID: 38340405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a key cofactor in ammonia monooxygenase functioning responsible for the first step of nitrification, but its excess availability impairs soil microbial functions and plant growth. Yet, the impact of Cu on nitrogen (N) cycling and process-related variables in cropland soils remains unexplored globally. Through a meta-analysis of 1209-paired and 319-single observations from 94 publications, we found that Cu (Cu addition or Cu-polluted soil) reduced soil potential nitrification by 33.8% and nitrite content by 73.5% due to reduced soil enzyme activities of nitrification and urease, microbial biomass content, and ammonia oxidizing archaea abundance. The response ratio of potential nitrification decreased with increasing Cu concentration, soil total N, and clay content. We further noted that soil potential nitrification inhibited by 46.5% only when Cu concentration was higher than 150 mg kg-1, while low Cu concentration (less than 150 mg kg-1) stimulated soil nitrate by 99.0%. Increasing initial soil Cu content stimulated gross N mineralization rate due to increased soil organic carbon and total N, but inhibited gross nitrification rate, which ultimately stimulated gross N immobilization rate as a result of increased the residence time of ammonium. This resulted in a lower ratio of gross nitrification rate to gross N immobilization rate, implying a lower potential risk of N loss as evidenced by decreased nitrous oxide emissions with increasing initial soil Cu content. Our analysis offers initial global evidence that Cu has an important role in controlling soil N availability and loss through its effect on N production and consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - YuHong Wen
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yunzhong Chen
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qilin Zhu
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Abdelsatar M Eltahawy
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- The Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR & GZAR, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen 35392, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Gao H, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Global patterns of soil available N production by mineralization-immobilization turnover in the tropical forest ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168194. [PMID: 37918753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Available N (Navail) is important to nurish plant-microbial system and sequestrate carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems. For forest ecosystem, Navail is usually calculated as the sum of N2 fixation (NN2-fixed), N deposition (Ndeposition) and soil available N production (Navail-soil), in which Navail-soil determined the Navail production and its temporal changes. While, there is still a lack of Navail-soil estimation at the global and regional level due to the temporal and spatial variability of influencing factors, such as climate and soil physicochemical properties. By assembling a dataset of gross rates of soil N mineralization (GRmin), immobilization of ammonium (NH4+) (GRac) and nitrate (NO3-) (GRnc), as well as their corresponding geographic information, climate and main soil physicochemical properties, the Navail-soil produced from organic N (Norg) mineralization and inorganic N (Ninorg) immobilization turnover (MIT) was calculated via building a random forest (RF) model in global tropical forests. The results revealed a good fit between the observed and predicted GRmin (R2 = 0.76), GRac (R2 = 0.77) and GRnc (R2 = 0.67). We further estimated that the total mineralized N, immobilized NH4+ and NO3- was 23.97 (10.48-37.46), 17.98 (5.81-30.15) and 4.86 (1.46-8.26) Pg N year-1, respectively, leading to the total Navail-soil of 1.13 (-0.95-3.21) Pg N year-1. Referring to the reported average density of NN2-fixed and Ndeposition, the total NN2-fixed and Ndeposition was 0.03-0.05 and 0.01 Pg N year-1, respectively, by producting density and square meter of global tropic forest. Then the total Navail of global tropic forest ecosystem was 1.18 (-0.91-3.27) Pg N year-1 (Navail-soil + NN2-fixed + Ndeposition). According to the tight stoichiometric relationship between C and N in the production of gross primary productivity (GPP) and soil respiration (Rs), C:N ratio of 31.8-41.9 and 22.7-48.2 was calculated, respectively, which all fall into the C:N ratio range of plants and litter (13.9-75.9) in tropical forest ecosystem. These results confirmed the prediction of Navail-soil production from MIT was in line with theoretic estimates by applying RF machine learning. To our knowledge, this is the first estimation of Navail-soil and the results provide the theoretical basis to evaluate soil C sequestration potential in tropical (e.g. southern America, southeast Asia and Africa) forest ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wen D, Yang L, Ni K, Xu X, Yu L, Elrys AS, Meng L, Zhou J, Zhu T, Müller C. Topography-driven differences in soil N transformation constrain N availability in karst ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168363. [PMID: 37939962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fragile karst ecosystems are characterized by complex topographic landscapes associated with high variations in vegetation restoration. Identifying the characteristics and driving factors of nitrogen (N) availability across the topographic gradient is essential to guide vegetation restoration in karst regions. In this study, we collected soil samples and plant leaves along the topographic gradient (ridge, upper slope, middle slope, and foot slope) of convex slopes in the karst fault basin of southwest China, and determined the indicators reflecting soil N availability, N transformation rates, and their controlling factors. Our results showed that foliar N content and δ15N value, soil inorganic N content and δ15N value, and foliar N:P ratio were substantially lower on the steep hillslopes than on the flat top ridge. Steep slope soils also had a lower enzyme C:N ratio but a higher enzyme N:P ratio than the flat ridge soils. Furthermore, the vector angles calculated by soil extracellular enzyme analysis were below 45o in all studied soils and decreased significantly with increasing slope, indicating that microbial growth was generally limited by N. These results jointly suggest the declines in soil N availability across the topographic gradient, which are further explained by the changes in soil inherent N transformation processes. As the slope became steeper, soil mineralization and autotrophic nitrification (ONH4) rates decreased significantly, while ratio of microbial NH4+ immobilization to ONH4 and NH4+ adsorption rate increased significantly, indicating the decrease in soil inorganic N supply capacity. We further found that deteriorated soil structure, decreased soil organic matter and calcium content, altered microbial abundance, and increased ratios of fungi to bacteria and gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria were the primary drivers of reduced N transformation rates and N availability across the topographic gradient. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of the topography in controlling soil N availability by regulating N transformation processes in karst regions. The topography should be considered an important factor affecting the functions and services of karst ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Wen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longfei Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elrys AS, Abo El-Maati MF, Dan X, Wen Y, Mou J, Abdelghany AE, Uwiragiye Y, Shuirong T, Yanzheng W, Meng L, Zhang J, Müller C. Aridity creates global thresholds in soil nitrogen retention and availability. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17003. [PMID: 37943245 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Identifying tipping points in the relationship between aridity and gross nitrogen (N) cycling rates could show critical vulnerabilities of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Yet, the global pattern of gross N cycling response to aridity across terrestrial ecosystems remains unknown. Here, we collected 14,144 observations from 451 15 N-labeled studies and used segmented regression to identify the global threshold responses of soil gross N cycling rates and soil process-related variables to aridity index (AI), which decreases as aridity increases. We found on a global scale that increasing aridity reduced soil gross nitrate consumption but increased soil nitrification capacity, mainly due to reduced soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and N (MBN) and increased soil pH. Threshold response of gross N production and retention to aridity was observed across terrestrial ecosystems. In croplands, gross nitrification and extractable nitrate were inhibited with increasing aridity below the threshold AI ~0.8-0.9 due to inhibited ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria, while the opposite was favored above this threshold. In grasslands, gross N mineralization and immobilization decreased with increasing aridity below the threshold AI ~0.5 due to decreased MBN, but the opposite was true above this threshold. In forests, increased aridity stimulated nitrate immobilization below the threshold AI ~1.0 due to increased soil C/N ratio, but inhibited ammonium immobilization above the threshold AI ~1.3 due to decreased soil total N and increased MBC/MBN ratio. Soil dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium decreased with increasing aridity globally and in forests when the threshold AI ~1.4 was passed. Overall, we suggest that any projected increase in aridity in response to climate change is likely to reduce plant N availability in arid regions while enhancing it in humid regions, affecting the provision of ecosystem services and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mohamed F Abo El-Maati
- Agriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - YuHong Wen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinxia Mou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ahmed Elsayed Abdelghany
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid, Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Water Relation and Field Irrigation Department, Agriculture and Biological Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yves Uwiragiye
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Environmental Management and Renewable Energy, University of Technology and Arts of Byumba, Byumba, Rwanda
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tang Shuirong
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wu Yanzheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - JinBo Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Müller C, Müser MH. How short-range adhesion slows down crack closure and contact formation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:234705. [PMID: 38112508 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While viscoelastic, adhesive contact rupture of simple indenters is well studied, contact formation has received much less attention. Here, we present simulations of the formation of contact between various power law indenters and an adhesive, viscoelastic foundation. For all investigated indenters, we find that the macroscopic relaxation time τ scales approximately with 1/ρ1.8, where ρ is the range of adhesion. The prolongation of contact formation with Tabor parameter is rationalized by the increased dissipation that short-range adhesion causes on a moving crack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Müller
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M H Müser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parker AJ, Dey A, Usman Qureshi M, Steiner JM, Blanchard JW, Scheuer J, Tomek N, Knecht S, Josten F, Müller C, Hautle P, Schwartz I, Giraudeau P, Eichhorn TR, Dumez JN. Solution-State 2D NMR Spectroscopy of Mixtures HyperpolarizedUsing Optically Polarized Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312302. [PMID: 37837321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The HYPNOESYS method (Hyperpolarized NOE System), which relies on the dissolution of optically polarized crystals, has recently emerged as a promising approach to enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy in the solution state. However, HYPNOESYS is a single-shot method that is not generally compatible with multidimensional NMR. Here we show that 2D NMR spectra can be obtained from HYPNOESYS-polarized samples, using single-scan acquisition methods. The approach is illustrated with a mixture of terpene molecules and a benchtop NMR spectrometer, paving the way to a sensitive, information-rich and affordable analytical method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arnab Dey
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jakob M Steiner
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Insititute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - John W Blanchard
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Scheuer
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikolas Tomek
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Knecht
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Josten
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Hautle
- Paul Scherrer Insititute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tim R Eichhorn
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul-Strasse 2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Elrys AS, Wang J, Meng L, Zhu Q, El-Sawy MM, Chen Z, Tu X, El-Saadony MT, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cai Z, Müller C, Cheng Y. Integrative knowledge-based nitrogen management practices can provide positive effects on ecosystem nitrogen retention. Nat Food 2023; 4:1075-1089. [PMID: 38053005 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge-based nitrogen (N) management provides better synchronization of crop N demand with N supply to enhance crop production while reducing N losses. Yet, how these N management practices contribute to reducing N losses globally is unclear. Here we compiled 5,448 paired observations from 336 publications representing 286 sites to assess the impacts of four common knowledge-based N management practices, including balanced fertilization, organic fertilization, co-application of synthetic and organic fertilizers, and nitrification inhibitors, on global ecosystem N cycling. We found that organic and balanced fertilization rather than N-only fertilization stimulated soil nitrate retention by enhancing microbial biomass, but also stimulated soil N leaching and emissions relative to no fertilizer addition. Nitrification inhibitors, however, stimulated soil ammonium retention and plant N uptake while reducing N leaching and emissions. Therefore, integrative application of knowledge-based N management practices is imperative to stimulate ecosystem N retention and minimize the risk of N loss globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jing Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qilin Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mostafa M El-Sawy
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - ZhaoXiong Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - XiaoShun Tu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - YanHui Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - JinBo Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - ZuCong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
- Liebig Centre of Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sasidharan R, Brokate L, Eilers EJ, Müller C. Chemodiversity in flowers of Tanacetum vulgare has consequences on a florivorous beetle. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:1071-1082. [PMID: 37703504 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of plant individuals can vary, leading to high intraspecific chemodiversity. Diversity of floral chemistry may impact the responses of flower-feeding insects. Tanacetum vulgare plants vary significantly in their leaf terpenoid composition, forming distinct chemotypes. We investigated the composition of terpenoids and nutrients of flower heads and pollen in plants belonging to three chemotypes - dominated either by β-thujone (BThu), artemisia ketone (Keto) or a mixture of (Z)-myroxide, santolina triene, and artemisyl acetate (Myrox) - using different analytical platforms. We tested the effects of these differences on preferences, weight gain and performance of adults of the shining flower beetle, Olibrus aeneus. The terpenoid composition and diversity of flower heads and pollen significantly differed among individuals belonging to the above chemotypes, while total concentrations of pollen terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, and lipids did not differ. Beetles preferred BThu over the Myrox chemotype in both olfactory and contact choice assays, while the Keto chemotype was marginally repellent according to olfactory assays. The beetles gained the least weight within 48 h and their initial mortality was highest when feeding exclusively on floral tissues of the Myrox chemotype. Short-term weight gain and long-term performance were highest when feeding on the BThu chemotype. In conclusion, the beetles showed chemotype-specific responses towards different T. vulgare chemotypes, which may be attributed to the terpenoid composition in flower heads and pollen rather than to differences in nutrient profiles. Both richness and overall diversity are important factors when determining chemodiversity of individual plants and their consequences on interacting insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sasidharan
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - L Brokate
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - E J Eilers
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CTL GmbH Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hei Z, Peng Y, Hao S, Li Y, Yang X, Zhu T, Müller C, Zhang H, Hu H, Chen Y. Full substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure decreases soil N 2 O emissions driven by ammonia oxidizers and gross nitrogen transformations. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:7117-7130. [PMID: 37800353 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Replacing synthetic fertilizer by organic manure has been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N2 O), but the specific roles of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and gross nitrogen (N) transformation in regulating N2 O remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of completely replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure on N2 O emissions, ammonia oxidizers, gross N transformation rates using a 13-year field manipulation experiment. Our results showed that organic manure reduced cumulative N2 O emissions by 16.3%-210.3% compared to chemical fertilizer. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was significantly lower in organic manure compared with chemical fertilizer during three growth stages of maize. Organic manure also significantly decreased AOB alpha diversity and changed their community structure. However, organic manure substitution increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and the alpha diversity of comammox Nitrospira compared to chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, organic manure decreased organic N mineralization by 23.2%-32.9%, and autotrophic nitrification rate by 10.5%-45.4%, when compared with chemical fertilizer. This study also found a positive correlation between AOB abundance, organic N mineralization and gross autotrophic nitrification rate with N2 O emission, and their contribution to N2 O emission was supported by random forest analysis. Our study highlights the key roles of ammonia oxidizers and N transformation rates in predicting cropland N2 O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Hei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglei Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
- International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangwei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Yongliang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Müller C, Stensvold A. Troverdighet av nasjonale retningslinjer. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023; 143:23-0748. [PMID: 37987068 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
|
25
|
Kühbacher A, Merschak P, Haas H, Liebl M, Müller C, Gsaller F. The cytochrome P450 reductase CprA is a rate-limiting factor for Cyp51A-mediated azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0091823. [PMID: 37815358 PMCID: PMC10648939 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00918-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Azole antifungals remain the "gold standard" therapy for invasive aspergillosis. The world-wide emergence of isolates resistant to this drug class, however, developed into a steadily increasing threat to human health over the past years. In Aspergillus fumigatus, major mechanisms of resistance involve increased expression of cyp51A encoding one of two isoenzymes targeted by azoles. Yet, the level of resistance caused by cyp51A upregulation, driven by either clinically relevant tandem repeat mutations within its promoter or the use of high expressing heterologous promoters, is limited. Cytochrome P450 enzymes such as Cyp51A rely on redox partners that provide electrons for their activity. A. fumigatus harbors several genes encoding putative candidate proteins including two paralogous cytochrome P450 reductases, CprA and CprB, and the cytochrome b 5 CybE. In this work, we investigated the contribution of each cprA, cprB, and cybE overexpression to cyp51A-mediated resistance to different medical and agricultural azoles. Using the bidirectional promoter PxylP, we conditionally expressed these genes in combination with cyp51A, revealing cprA as the main limiting factor. Similar to this approach, we overexpressed cprA in an azole-resistant background strain carrying a cyp51A allele with TR34 in its promoter, which led to a further increase in its resistance. Employing sterol measurements, we demonstrate an enhanced eburicol turnover during upregulation of either cprA or cyp51A, which was even more pronounced during their simultaneous overexpression. In summary, our work suggests that mutations leading to increased Cyp51A activity through increased electron supply could be key factors that elevate azole resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kühbacher
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Merschak
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maximilian Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Gsaller
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen S, Elrys AS, Zhao C, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Global patterns and controls of yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165484. [PMID: 37454862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Factors influencing rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield mainly include nitrogen (N) fertilizer, climate and soil properties. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of climatic factors and soil physical and chemical properties and their interactions in controlling global yield and nitrogen use efficiency (e.g., agronomic efficiency of N (AEN)) of rice is still pending. In this article, we pooled 2293 observations from 363 articles and conducted a global systematic analysis. We found that the global mean yield and AEN were 6791 ± 48.6 kg ha-1 season-1 and 15.6 ± 0.29 kg kg-1, respectively. Rice yield was positively correlated with latitude, N application rate, soil total and available N, and soil organic carbon, but was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) and soil bulk density. The response of yield to soil pH followed the parabolic model, with the peak occurring at pH = 6.35. Our analysis indicated that N application rate, soil total N, and MAT were the main factors driving rice yield globally, while precipitation promoted rice yield by enhancing soil total N. N application rate was the most important inhibitor of AEN globally, while soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the most important stimulator of AEN. MAT increased AEN through enhancing soil CEC, but precipitation decreased it by decreasing soil CEC. The yield varies with climatic zones, being greater in temperate and continental regions with low MAT than in tropical regions, but the opposite was observed for AEN. The driving factors of yield and AEN were climatic zone specific. Our findings emphasize that soil properties may interact with future changes in temperature to affect rice production. To achieve high AEN in rice fields, the central influence of CEC on AEN should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shending Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| | - Chang Zhao
- Institute of Geographical Science, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mossmann D, Müller C, Park S, Ryback B, Colombi M, Ritter N, Weißenberger D, Dazert E, Coto-Llerena M, Nuciforo S, Blukacz L, Ercan C, Jimenez V, Piscuoglio S, Bosch F, Terracciano LM, Sauer U, Heim MH, Hall MN. Arginine reprograms metabolism in liver cancer via RBM39. Cell 2023; 186:5068-5083.e23. [PMID: 37804830 PMCID: PMC10642370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming and how altered metabolism in turn enhances tumorigenicity are poorly understood. Here, we report that arginine levels are elevated in murine and patient hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), despite reduced expression of arginine synthesis genes. Tumor cells accumulate high levels of arginine due to increased uptake and reduced arginine-to-polyamine conversion. Importantly, the high levels of arginine promote tumor formation via further metabolic reprogramming, including changes in glucose, amino acid, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism. Mechanistically, arginine binds RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) to control expression of metabolic genes. RBM39-mediated upregulation of asparagine synthesis leads to enhanced arginine uptake, creating a positive feedback loop to sustain high arginine levels and oncogenic metabolism. Thus, arginine is a second messenger-like molecule that reprograms metabolism to promote tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Mossmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sujin Park
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brendan Ryback
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauriane Blukacz
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li C, Nie H, Zhang S, Jia Z, Ma S, Li T, Zhai L, Zhang B, Liu X, Zhang J, Müller C. Mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculant positively affects the multifunctionality of anthropogenic soils in abandoned mining areas. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118553. [PMID: 37399621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The mining industry has a significant negative impact on ecosystems, and the remediation of abandoned mining sites requires effective strategies. One promising approach is the incorporation of mineral-solubilizing microorganisms into current external soil spray seeding technologies. These microorganisms possess the ability to decrease mineral particle sizes, promote plant growth, and enhance the release of vital soil nutrients. However, most previous studies on mineral-solubilizing microorganisms have been conducted in controlled greenhouse environments, and their practical application in field settings remains uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a four-year field experiment at an abandoned mining site to investigate the efficacy of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants in restoring derelict mine ecosystems. We assessed soil nutrients, enzyme activities, functional genes, and soil multifunctionality. We also examined microbial compositions, co-occurrence networks, and community assembly processes. Our results demonstrated that the application of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants significantly enhanced soil multifunctionality. Interestingly, certain bacterial phyla or class taxa with low relative abundances were found to be key drivers of multifunctionality. Surprisingly, we observed no significant correlation between microbial alpha diversity and soil multifunctionality, but we did identify positive associations between the relative abundance and biodiversity of keystone ecological clusters (Module #1 and #2) and soil multifunctionality. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that microbial inoculants reduced network complexity while increasing stability. Additionally, we found that stochastic processes played a predominant role in shaping bacterial and fungal communities, and the inoculants increased the stochastic ratio of microbial communities, particularly bacteria. Moreover, microbial inoculants significantly decreased the relative importance of dispersal limitations and increased the relative importance of drift. High relative abundances of certain bacterial and fungal phyla were identified as major drivers of the microbial community assembly process. In conclusion, our findings highlight the crucial role of mineral-solubilizing microorganisms in soil restoration at abandoned mining sites, shedding light on their significance in future research endeavors focused on optimizing the effectiveness of external soil spray seeding techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hui Nie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Shuifeng Zhang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Tao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagel L, Gierse M, Gottwald W, Ahmadova Z, Grashei M, Wolff P, Josten F, Karaali S, Müller CA, Lucas S, Scheuer J, Müller C, Blanchard J, Topping GJ, Wendlinger A, Setzer N, Sühnel S, Handwerker J, Vassiliou C, van Heijster FH, Knecht S, Keim M, Schilling F, Schwartz I. Parahydrogen-Polarized [1- 13 C]Pyruvate for Reliable and Fast Preclinical Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303441. [PMID: 37587776 PMCID: PMC10602543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques increase nuclear spin polarization by more than four orders of magnitude, enabling metabolic MRI. Even though hyperpolarization has shown clear value in clinical studies, the complexity, cost and slowness of current equipment limits its widespread use. Here, a polarization procedure of [1-13 C]pyruvate based on parahydrogen-induced polarization by side-arm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) in an automated polarizer is demonstrated. It is benchmarked in a study with 48 animals against a commercial dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) device. Purified, concentrated (≈70-160 mM) and highly hyperpolarized (≈18%) solutions of pyruvate are obtained at physiological pH for volumes up to 2 mL within 85 s in an automated process. The safety profile, image quality, as well as the quantitative perfusion and lactate-to-pyruvate ratios, are equivalent for PHIP and d-DNP, rendering PHIP a viable alternative to established hyperpolarization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Wolfgang Gottwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Pascal Wolff
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH89081UlmGermany
| | - Felix Josten
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH89081UlmGermany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey J. Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Andre Wendlinger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | | | - Frits H.A. van Heijster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Michael Keim
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH89081UlmGermany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lüdke T, Müller C, Zahnert T. [Chronic mesotympanic Otitis media - Part 2: Surgical Therapy]. Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102:777-791. [PMID: 37793378 DOI: 10.1055/a-2039-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mesotympanal otitis media (CMOM) is a well-developed clinical presentation that is established in diagnostics and therapy. On closer inspection, however, this principle cannot be confirmed in all its facets. Already the physiology and pathophysiology of the middle ear mucosa leave questions unanswered, starting with the distribution of the ciliated epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid to the function of gas exchange.In addition, there are new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the future, optical coherence tomography could help to determine the status of the middle ear mucosa. In addition, there are new findings on the effectiveness of local and systemic antibiotics as well as antiseptics in chronic otorrhea. Other new developments include minimally invasive surgical procedures using endoscopic techniques. All this gives reason to provide an update on the topic of chronic mesotympanal otitis media, which should contribute in preparation for the specialist examination or refreshing.Basics of physiology and pathophysiology as well as new diagnostic approaches and medical treatment were covered in Part 1 of this paper. In Part 2, in addition to established methods, new developments in surgical therapy with minimally invasive surgical procedures are described in more detail.
Collapse
|
31
|
Marques Dos Santos M, Pivniouk V, Rankl B, Walker A, Pagani G, Hertkorn N, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Müller C, Bracher F, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM, Schloter M, Michael AN, Anderson D, Honeker L, Gozdz J, Pivniouk O, Ober C, Holbreich M, Martinez FD, Snyder SA, von Mutius E, Vercelli D. Asthma-protective agents in dust from traditional farm environments. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:610-621. [PMID: 37271318 PMCID: PMC10680491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up on traditional European or US Amish dairy farms in close contact with cows and hay protects children against asthma, and airway administration of extracts from dust collected from cowsheds of those farms prevents allergic asthma in mice. OBJECTIVES This study sought to begin identifying farm-derived asthma-protective agents. METHODS Our work unfolded along 2 unbiased and independent but complementary discovery paths. Dust extracts (DEs) from protective and nonprotective farms (European and Amish cowsheds vs European sheep sheds) were analyzed by comparative nuclear magnetic resonance profiling and differential proteomics. Bioactivity-guided size fractionation focused on protective Amish cowshed DEs. Multiple in vitro and in vivo functional assays were used in both paths. Some of the proteins thus identified were characterized by in-solution and in-gel sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis enzymatic digestion/peptide mapping followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The cargo carried by these proteins was analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Twelve carrier proteins of animal and plant origin, including the bovine lipocalins Bos d 2 and odorant binding protein, were enriched in DEs from protective European cowsheds. A potent asthma-protective fraction of Amish cowshed DEs (≈0.5% of the total carbon content of unfractionated extracts) contained 7 animal and plant proteins, including Bos d 2 and odorant binding protein loaded with fatty acid metabolites from plants, bacteria, and fungi. CONCLUSIONS Animals and plants from traditional farms produce proteins that transport hydrophobic microbial and plant metabolites. When delivered to mucosal surfaces, these agents might regulate airway responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vadim Pivniouk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Bettina Rankl
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, IAP, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, BGC, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Pagani
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, IAP, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, BGC, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany; ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ashley N Michael
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Dayna Anderson
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Linnea Honeker
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Biosphere2, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Justyna Gozdz
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Oksana Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, IAP, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center-Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hackl A, Nüsken E, Voggel J, Abo Zed SED, Binz-Lotter J, Unnersjö-Jess D, Müller C, Fink G, Bohl K, Wiesner E, Diefenhardt P, Dafinger C, Chen H, Wohlfarth M, Müller RU, Hackl MJ, Schermer B, Nüsken KD, Weber LT. The effect of mycophenolate mofetil on podocytes in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14167. [PMID: 37644089 PMCID: PMC10465485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is applied in proteinuric kidney diseases, but the exact mechanism of its effect on podocytes is still unknown. Our previous in vitro experiments suggested that MMF can ameliorate podocyte damage via restoration of the Ca2+-actin cytoskeleton axis. The goal of this study was to characterize podocyte biology during MMF treatment in nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis (NTN). NTN was induced in three-week old wild-type mice. On day 3, half of the mice were treated with MMF (100 mg/kgBW/d p.o.) for one week. On day 10, we performed proteomic analysis of glomeruli as well as super-resolution imaging of the slit diaphragm. For multiphoton imaging of Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), the experimental design was repeated in mice expressing podocyte-specific Ca2+ sensor. MMF ameliorated the proteinuria and crescent formation induced by NTS. We identified significant changes in the abundance of proteins involved in Ca2+ signaling and actin cytoskeleton regulation, which was further confirmed by direct [Ca2+]i imaging in podocytes showing decreased Ca2+ levels after MMF treatment. This was associated with a tendency to restoration of podocyte foot process structure. Here, we provide evidence that MPA has a substantial direct effect on podocytes. MMF contributes to improvement of [Ca2+]i and amelioration of the disorganized actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. These data extend the knowledge of direct effects of immunosuppressants on podocytes that may contribute to a more effective treatment of proteinuric glomerulopathies with the least possible side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hackl
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - E Nüsken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Voggel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - S E D Abo Zed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Binz-Lotter
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Unnersjö-Jess
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Department of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pharmacology at the Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Fink
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Bohl
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Wiesner
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Diefenhardt
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Dafinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Chen
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Wohlfarth
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - R-U Müller
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Kidney Diseases Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M J Hackl
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Schermer
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K-D Nüsken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - L T Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Kidney Diseases Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhou E, Ge X, Nakashima H, Li R, van der Zande HJP, Liu C, Li Z, Müller C, Bracher F, Mohammed Y, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Guigas B, Glass CK, Rensen PCN, Giera M, Wang Y. Inhibition of DHCR24 activates LXRα to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16845. [PMID: 37357756 PMCID: PMC10405065 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has theoretical potential for treating NAFLD/NASH, but synthetic agonists induce hyperlipidemia in preclinical models. Desmosterol, which is converted by Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) into cholesterol, is a potent endogenous LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of DHCR24 inhibition on NAFLD/NASH development. Here, by using APOE*3-Leiden. CETP mice, a well-established translational model that develops diet-induced human-like NAFLD/NASH characteristics, we report that SH42, a published DHCR24 inhibitor, markedly increases desmosterol levels in liver and plasma, reduces hepatic lipid content and the steatosis score, and decreases plasma fatty acid and cholesteryl ester concentrations. Flow cytometry showed that SH42 decreases liver inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell activation and monocyte infiltration. LXRα deficiency completely abolishes these beneficial effects of SH42. Together, the inhibition of DHCR24 by SH42 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a strictly LXRα-dependent manner without causing hyperlipidemia. Finally, we also showed that SH42 treatment decreased liver collagen content and plasma alanine transaminase levels in an established NAFLD model. In conclusion, we anticipate that pharmacological DHCR24 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lüdke T, Müller C, Zahnert T. [Chronic mesotympanic Otitis media - Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Treatment]. Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102:619-628. [PMID: 37536333 DOI: 10.1055/a-1961-5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mesotympanal otitis media (CMOM) is a well-developed clinical presentation that is established in diagnostics and therapy. On closer inspection, however, this principle cannot be confirmed in all its facets. Already the physiology and pathophysiology of the middle ear mucosa leave questions unanswered, starting with the distribution of the ciliated epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid to the function of gas exchange.In addition, there are new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the future, optical coherence tomography could help to determine the status of the middle ear mucosa. In addition, there are new findings on the effectiveness of local and systemic antibiotics as well as antiseptics in chronic otorrhea. Other new developments include minimally invasive surgical procedures using endoscopic techniques. All this gives reason to provide an update on the topic of chronic mesotympanal otitis media, which should contribute in preparation for the specialist examination or refreshing.Basics of physiology and pathophysiology as well as new diagnostic approaches and medical treatment were covered in Part 1 of this paper. In Part 2, in addition to established methods, new developments in surgical therapy with minimally invasive surgical procedures are described in more detail.
Collapse
|
35
|
Schrumpf JA, Ninaber DK, Müller C, Rankl B, von Mutius E, Smits HH, Hiemstra PS. Farm dust reduces mucin production in rhinovirus-infected primary bronchial epithelial cells. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14008. [PMID: 37622253 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn A Schrumpf
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis K Ninaber
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Rankl
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, IAP, Helmholtz-Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, IAP, Helmholtz-Center Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center - Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liebl M, Huber L, Elsaman H, Merschak P, Wagener J, Gsaller F, Müller C. Quantifying Isoprenoids in the Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:768. [PMID: 37504756 PMCID: PMC10381423 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ergosterol pathway is a promising target for the development of new antifungals since its enzymes are essential for fungal cell growth. Appropriate screening assays are therefore needed that allow the identification of potential inhibitors. We developed a whole-cell screening method, which can be used to identify compounds interacting with the enzymes of isoprenoid biosynthesis, an important part of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The method was validated according to the EMEA guideline on bioanalytical method validation. Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were lysed mechanically in an aqueous buffer optimized for the enzymatic deconjugation of isoprenoid pyrophosphates. The residual alcohols were extracted, silylated and analyzed by GC-MS. The obtained isoprenoid pattern provides an indication of the inhibited enzyme, due to the accumulation of specific substrates. By analyzing terbinafine-treated A. fumigatus and mutant strains containing tunable gene copies of erg9 or erg1, respectively, the method was verified. Downregulation of erg9 resulted in a high accumulation of intracellular farnesol as well as elevated levels of geranylgeraniol and isoprenol. The decreased expression of erg1 as well as terbinafine treatment led to an increased squalene content. Additional analysis of growth medium revealed high farnesyl pyrophosphate levels extruded during erg9 downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Ludwig Huber
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Hesham Elsaman
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (H.E.); (J.W.)
| | - Petra Merschak
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Johannes Wagener
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (H.E.); (J.W.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fabio Gsaller
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.); (L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
von Jeetze PJ, Weindl I, Johnson JA, Borrelli P, Panagos P, Molina Bacca EJ, Karstens K, Humpenöder F, Dietrich JP, Minoli S, Müller C, Lotze-Campen H, Popp A. Projected landscape-scale repercussions of global action for climate and biodiversity protection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2515. [PMID: 37193693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Land conservation and increased carbon uptake on land are fundamental to achieving the ambitious targets of the climate and biodiversity conventions. Yet, it remains largely unknown how such ambitions, along with an increasing demand for agricultural products, could drive landscape-scale changes and affect other key regulating nature's contributions to people (NCP) that sustain land productivity outside conservation priority areas. By using an integrated, globally consistent modelling approach, we show that ambitious carbon-focused land restoration action and the enlargement of protected areas alone may be insufficient to reverse negative trends in landscape heterogeneity, pollination supply, and soil loss. However, we also find that these actions could be combined with dedicated interventions that support critical NCP and biodiversity conservation outside of protected areas. In particular, our models indicate that conserving at least 20% semi-natural habitat within farmed landscapes could primarily be achieved by spatially relocating cropland outside conservation priority areas, without additional carbon losses from land-use change, primary land conversion or reductions in agricultural productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick José von Jeetze
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany.
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Weindl
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justin Andrew Johnson
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1940 Buford Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), IT-21027, Italy
| | - Edna J Molina Bacca
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine Karstens
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Humpenöder
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Dietrich
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Minoli
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hermann Lotze-Campen
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Frei IC, Weissenberger D, Müller C, Hall MN, Shimobayashi M. Hepatic mTORC2 compensates for loss of adipose mTORC2 in mediating energy storage and glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023. [PMID: 37166264 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a protein kinase complex that plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Loss of adipose mTORC2 reduces lipogenic enzyme expression and de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue. Adipose-specific mTORC2 knockout mice also display triglyceride accumulation in the liver. However, the mechanism and physiological role of hepatic triglyceride accumulation upon loss of adipose mTORC2 are unknown. Here, we show that loss of adipose mTORC2 increases expression of de novo lipogenic enzymes in the liver, thereby causing accumulation of hepatic triglyceride and hypertriglyceridemia. Simultaneous inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue and liver by ablating mTORC2 in both tissues prevented accumulation of hepatic triglycerides and hypertriglyceridemia. However, loss of adipose and hepatic mTORC2 caused severe insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Thus, our findings suggest that increased hepatic lipogenesis is a compensatory mechanism to cope with loss of lipogenesis in adipose tissue, and further suggest that mTORC2 in adipose tissue and liver plays a crucial role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina C Frei
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Mitsugu Shimobayashi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bjerner J, Bratt O, Aas K, Albertsen PC, Fosså SD, Kvåle R, Lilja H, Müller C, Müller S, Stensvold A, Thomas O, Røe OD, Vickers A, Walz J, Carlsson SV, Oldenburg J. Baseline Serum Prostate-specific Antigen Value Predicts the Risk of Subsequent Prostate Cancer Death-Results from the Norwegian Prostate Cancer Consortium. Eur Urol 2023:S0302-2838(23)02791-4. [PMID: 37169639 PMCID: PMC10840440 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in midlife are strongly associated with the long-term risk of lethal prostate cancer in cohorts not subject to screening. This is the first study evaluating the association between PSA levels drawn as part of routine medical care in the Norwegian population and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between midlife PSA levels <4.0 ng/ml, drawn as part of routine medical care, and long-term risk of prostate cancer death. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Norwegian Prostate Cancer Consortium collected >8 million PSA results from >1 million Norwegian males ≥40 yr of age. We studied 176 099 men (predefined age strata: 40-54 and 55-69 yr) without a prior prostate cancer diagnosis who had a nonelevated baseline PSA level (<4.0 ng/ml) between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2005. INTERVENTION Baseline PSA. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We assessed the 16-yr risk of prostate cancer mortality. We calculated the discrimination (C-index) between predefined PSA strata (<0.5, 0.5-0.9, 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, and 3.0-3.9 ng/ml) and subsequent prostate cancer death. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The median follow-up time of men who did not get prostate cancer was 17.9 yr. Overall, 84% of men had a baseline PSA level of <2.0 ng/ml and 1346 men died from prostate cancer, with 712 deaths (53%) occurring in the 16% of men with the highest baseline PSA of 2.0-3.9 ng/ml. Baseline PSA levels were associated with prostate cancer mortality (C-index 0.72 for both age groups, 40-54 and 55-69 yr). The fact that the reason for any given PSA measurement remains unknown represents a limitation. CONCLUSIONS We replicated prior studies that baseline PSA at age 40-69 yr can be used to stratify a man's risk of dying from prostate cancer within the next 15-20 yr. PATIENT SUMMARY A prostate-specific antigen level obtained as part of routine medical care is strongly associated with a man's risk of dying from prostate cancer in the next two decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bjerner
- Fürst Laboratories, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirsti Aas
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter C Albertsen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sophie D Fosså
- National Advisory Unit for Late Effects After Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Medical Faculty of University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Kvåle
- Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Lilja
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Stig Müller
- Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Owen Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Oluf D Røe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Cancer Clinic, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Andrew Vickers
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jochen Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, Marseille, France
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Oldenburg
- Medical Faculty of University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Luo N, Meng Q, Feng P, Qu Z, Yu Y, Liu DL, Müller C, Wang P. China can be self-sufficient in maize production by 2030 with optimal crop management. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2637. [PMID: 37149677 PMCID: PMC10164166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Population growth and economic development in China has increased the demand for food and animal feed, raising questions regarding China's future maize production self-sufficiency. Here, we address this challenge by combining data-driven projections with a machine learning method on data from 402 stations, with data from 87 field experiments across China. Current maize yield would be roughly doubled with the implementation of optimal planting density and management. In the 2030 s, we estimate a 52% yield improvement through dense planting and soil improvement under a high-end climate forcing Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP585), compared with a historical climate trend. Based on our results, yield gains from soil improvement outweigh the adverse effects of climate change. This implies that China can be self-sufficient in maize by using current cropping areas. Our results challenge the view of yield stagnation in most global areas and provide an example of how food security can be achieved with optimal crop-soil management under future climate change scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Puyu Feng
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ziren Qu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - De Li Liu
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fu J, Jian Y, Wang X, Li L, Ciais P, Zscheischler J, Wang Y, Tang Y, Müller C, Webber H, Yang B, Wu Y, Wang Q, Cui X, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhao P, Piao S, Zhou F. Extreme rainfall reduces one-twelfth of China's rice yield over the last two decades. Nat Food 2023; 4:416-426. [PMID: 37142747 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climate events constitute a major risk to global food production. Among these, extreme rainfall is often dismissed from historical analyses and future projections, the impacts and mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Here we used long-term nationwide observations and multi-level rainfall manipulative experiments to explore the magnitude and mechanisms of extreme rainfall impacts on rice yield in China. We find that rice yield reductions due to extreme rainfall were comparable to those induced by extreme heat over the last two decades, reaching 7.6 ± 0.9% (one standard error) according to nationwide observations and 8.1 ± 1.1% according to the crop model incorporating the mechanisms revealed from manipulative experiments. Extreme rainfall reduces rice yield mainly by limiting nitrogen availability for tillering that lowers per-area effective panicles and by exerting physical disturbance on pollination that declines per-panicle filled grains. Considering these mechanisms, we projected ~8% additional yield reduction due to extreme rainfall under warmer climate by the end of the century. These findings demonstrate that it is critical to account for extreme rainfall in food security assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Müller C, Polk ML, Lorenz K, Bornitz M, Zahnert T, Neudert M. Real-time monitoring of middle ear prosthesis coupling. Hear Res 2023; 432:108737. [PMID: 37027992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In reconstructive middle ear surgery, acoustic quality has received a high level of attention in recent years. Careful intraoperative selection and positioning of passive middle ear prostheses during tympanoplasty with ossiculoplasty is essential to ensure satisfactory sound transmission and postoperative hearing outcome. The reconstruction quality of the ossicular chain (OC) can be evaluated intraoperatively using a surgical assistance system which is based on a real-time monitoring system (RTM system) that acquires the transmission (middle ear transfer function (METF)) with electromagnetic excitation of the OC. In this experimental study, the METF with electromagnetic excitation of the (reconstructed) OC was compared to usual acoustic excitation and the benefit of the RTM system was investigated for the implantation of partial (PORP) and total (TORP) prostheses. METHODS Laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) was used to measure the middle ear transfer function (METF) in 18 human temporal bones (TB). The RTM system uses electromagnetic excitation of the OC with a magnet placed on the umbo. Comparatively, measurements with the usual acoustical excitation, using an earphone in the external auditory canal, were performed. The measurements began with the intact OC, followed by real-time monitoring guided OC reconstruction with PORP and TORP. In addition, during the simulation of an intraoperative setting, the influence of the influence of opening (tympanomeatal flap lifted and pushed anteriorly) and closing (tympanomeatal flap folded back) the tympanic membrane on the measurements with the RTM system was determined. RESULTS Electromagnetic and acoustic excitation of the intact and the reconstructed OC provided comparable METF. The application of the RTM system significantly improved the quality of the OC reconstruction. The METF increased by up to 10 dB over the entire frequency range during implantation of the PORP with positioning control by the RTM system. When using the TORP, the METF could be improved by up to 15 dB. The opening of the tympanomeatal flap did not affect the measurements with the RTM system at the reconstructed OC. CONCLUSION In this TB study, we demonstrated that the quality of OC reconstruction (improved METF as a benchmark for improved transmission) could be significantly increased by means of a RTM system. Intraoperative studies should now be conducted to investigate to which quantitative extent the intraoperative reconstruction quality can be improved and whether or not this improvement also manifests in an increased (long-term) hearing outcome. This will enable conclusions to be drawn about the contribution of the intraoperative reconstruction quality to the (long-term) hearing outcome in the context of the conglomerate of various factors influencing the postoperative hearing outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Müller
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ear Research Center Dresden (ERCD).
| | - Marie-Luise Polk
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ear Research Center Dresden (ERCD)
| | - Korinna Lorenz
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ear Research Center Dresden (ERCD)
| | - Matthias Bornitz
- Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ear Research Center Dresden (ERCD)
| | - Thomas Zahnert
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ear Research Center Dresden (ERCD)
| | - Marcus Neudert
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ear Research Center Dresden (ERCD)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hentschel R, Müller C, Hock S, Uhl M. Resuscitation of a preterm infant with massive air embolism. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:319. [PMID: 34413094 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hentschel
- Neonatology/Pediatric Intensive Care, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg, Zentrum fuer Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Neonatology/Pediatric Intensive Care, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg, Zentrum fuer Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hock
- Neonatology/Pediatric Intensive Care, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg, Zentrum fuer Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Uhl
- Radiology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg, Zentrum fuer Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li C, Jia Z, Zhang S, Li T, Ma S, Cheng X, Chen M, Nie H, Zhai L, Zhang B, Liu X, Zhang J, Müller C. The positive effects of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants on asymbiotic nitrogen fixation of abandoned mine soils are driven by keystone phylotype. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163663. [PMID: 37094687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Toward the restoration of the increasing numbers of abandoned mines across China, external-soil spray seeding technologies have become more extensively utilized. However, considerable challenges remain that seriously hamper the effectiveness of these technologies, such as inadequate nutrient availability for plants. Previous studies have shown that mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants can increase the nodules of legumes. However, their effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), asymbiotic nitrogen fixation (ANF), and diazotrophic communities remain unknown. Further, research into the application of functional microorganisms for the restoration of abandoned mines has been conducted either in greenhouses, or their application in the field has been too brief. Thus, we established a four-year field experiment in an abandoned mine and quantified the SNF, ANF, and diazotrophic communities. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the long-term application of specific functional microorganisms for the remediation of abandoned mine sites in the field. We revealed that mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants significantly increased the soil ANF rate and SNF content. There was no significant correlation between the diazotrophic alpha diversity and soil ANF rate; however, there were strong positive associations between the relative abundance and biodiversity of keystone phylotype (module #5) within ecological clusters and the ANF rate. Molecular ecological networks indicated that microbial inoculants increased network complexity and stability. Moreover, the inoculants significantly enhanced the deterministic ratio of diazotrophic communities. Furthermore, homogeneous selection predominantly mediated the assembly of soil diazotrophic communities. It was concluded that mineral-solubilizing microorganisms played a critical role in maintaining and enhancing nitrogen, which offers a new solution with great potential for the restoration of ecosystems at abandoned mine sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Shuifeng Zhang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Shilin Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Xuefei Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Meiling Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Hui Nie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang W, Zhu Q, Dai S, Meng L, He M, Chen S, Zhao C, Dan X, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Effects of Solidago canadensis L. on mineralization-immobilization turnover enhance its nitrogen competitiveness and invasiveness. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163641. [PMID: 37080304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exotic plants on soil nitrogen (N) transformations may influence species invasion success. However, the complex interplay between invasive plant N uptake and N transformation in soils remains unclear. In the present study, a series of 15N-labeled pot experiments were carried out with Solidago canadensis L. (S. canadensis), an invasive plant, and the Ntrace tool was used to clarify the preferred inorganic N form and its effects on soil N transformation. According to the results, nitrate-N (NO3--N) uptake rates by S. canadensis were 2.38 and 2.28 mg N kg-1 d-1 in acidic and alkaline soil, respectively, which were significantly higher than the ammonium-N (NH4+-N) uptake rates (1.76 and 1.56 mg N kg-1 d-1, respectively), indicating that S. canadensis was a NO3--N-preferring plant, irrespective of pH condition. Gross N mineralization rate was 0.41 mg N kg-1 d-1 in alkaline soil in the presence of S. canadensis L., which was significantly lower than that in the control (no plant, CK, 2.44 mg N kg-1 d-1). Gross autotrophic nitrification rate also decreased from 5.95 mg N kg-1 d-1 in the CK to 0.04 mg N kg-1 d-1 in the presence of S. canadensis in alkaline soil. However, microbial N immobilization rate increased significantly from 1.09 to 2.16 mg N kg-1 d-1, and from 0.02 to 2.73 mg N kg-1 d-1 after S. canadensis planting, in acidic and alkaline soil, respectively. Heterotrophic nitrification rate was stimulated in the presence of S. canadensis to provide NO3--N to support the N requirements of plants and microbes. The results suggested that S. canadensis can influence the mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT) to optimize its N requirements while limiting N supply for other plants in the system. The results of the present study enhance our understanding of the competitiveness and mechanisms of invasion of alien plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinying Zhu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shenyan Dai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengqiu He
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shending Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization & Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Steiner JM, Quan Y, Eichhorn TR, Parker AJ, Qureshi MU, Scheuer J, Müller C, Blanchard JW, Schwartz I, Hautle P. Long-Lived, Transportable Reservoir of Nuclear Polarization Used to Strongly Enhance Solution-State NMR Signals. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3728-3735. [PMID: 37053031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a fundamental issue with the use of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to enhance nuclear spin polarization: the same polarizing agent (PA) needed for DNP is also responsible for shortening the lifetime of the hyperpolarization. As a result, long-term storage and transport of hyperpolarized samples is severely restricted and the apparatus for DNP is necessarily located near or integrated with the apparatus using the hyperpolarized spins. In this paper, we demonstrate that naphthalene single crystals can serve as a long-lived reservoir of proton polarization that can be exploited to enhance signals in benchtop and high-field NMR of target molecules in solution at a site 300 km away by a factor of several thousand. The naphthalene protons are polarized using short-lived optically excited triplet states of pentacene instead of stable radicals. In the absence of optical excitation, the electron spins remain in a singlet ground state, eliminating the major pathway of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation. The polarization decays with a time constant of about 50 h at 80 K and 0.5 T or above 800 h at 5 K and 20 mT. A module based on a Halbach array yielding a field of 0.75 T and a conventional cryogenic dry shipper, operating at liquid nitrogen temperature, allows storage and long distance transport of the polarization to a remote laboratory, where the polarization of the crystal is transferred after dissolution to a target molecule of choice by intermolecular cross-relaxation. The procedure has been executed repeatedly and has proven to be reliable and robust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob M Steiner
- Laboratory for Neutron and Muon Instrumentation (LIN), Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yifan Quan
- Laboratory for Neutron and Muon Instrumentation (LIN), Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Anna J Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - John W Blanchard
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Hautle
- Laboratory for Neutron and Muon Instrumentation (LIN), Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Elrys AS, Zhu Q, Jiang C, Liu J, Sobhy HHH, Shen Q, Uwiragiye Y, Wu Y, El-Tarabily KA, Meng L, Müller C, Zhang J. Global soil nitrogen cycle pattern and nitrogen enrichment effects: Tropical versus subtropical forests. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1905-1921. [PMID: 36660889 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical forest biomes are a main hotspot for the global nitrogen (N) cycle. Yet, our understanding of global soil N cycle patterns and drivers and their response to N deposition in these biomes remains elusive. By a meta-analysis of 2426-single and 161-paired observations from 89 published 15 N pool dilution and tracing studies, we found that gross N mineralization (GNM), immobilization of ammonium ( I NH 4 ) and nitrate ( I NO 3 ), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) were significantly higher in tropical forests than in subtropical forests. Soil N cycle was conservative in tropical forests with ratios of gross nitrification (GN) to I NH 4 (GN/ I NH 4 ) and of soil nitrate to ammonium (NO3 - /NH4 + ) less than one, but was leaky in subtropical forests with GN/ I NH 4 and NO3 - /NH4 + higher than one. Soil NH4 + dynamics were mainly controlled by soil substrate (e.g., total N), but climatic factors (e.g., precipitation and/or temperature) were more important in controlling soil NO3 - dynamics. Soil texture played a role, as GNM and I NH 4 were positively correlated with silt and clay contents, while I NO 3 and DNRA were positively correlated with sand and clay contents, respectively. The soil N cycle was more sensitive to N deposition in tropical forests than in subtropical forests. Nitrogen deposition leads to a leaky N cycle in tropical forests, as evidenced by the increase in GN/ I NH 4 , NO3 - /NH4 + , and nitrous oxide emissions and the decrease in I NO 3 and DNRA, mainly due to the decrease in soil microbial biomass and pH. Dominant tree species can also influence soil N cycle pattern, which has changed from conservative in deciduous forests to leaky in coniferous forests. We provide global evidence that tropical, but not subtropical, forests are characterized by soil N dynamics sustaining N availability and that N deposition inhibits soil N retention and stimulates N losses in these biomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - QiLin Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chunlan Jiang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hamida H H Sobhy
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Qunli Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yves Uwiragiye
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Environmental Management and Renewable Energy, University of Technology and Arts of Byumba, Byumba, Rwanda
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grossauer A, Müller C, Hussl A, Krismer F, Schocke M, Gizewski E, Mahlknecht P, Scherfler C, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Seppi K, Heim B. Dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on 1.
5T
vs.
3T
susceptibility‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grossauer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology
| | | | - Anna Hussl
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology
| | | | - Michael Schocke
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Radiology
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Neuroimaging Research Core Facility
| | - Elke Gizewski
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Radiology
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Neuroimaging Research Core Facility
| | | | - Christoph Scherfler
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Neuroimaging Research Core Facility
| | | | - Werner Poewe
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Neuroimaging Research Core Facility
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Neuroimaging Research Core Facility
| | - Beatrice Heim
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chu C, Dai S, Meng L, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Biochar application can mitigate NH 3 volatilization in acidic forest and upland soils but stimulates gaseous N losses in flooded acidic paddy soil. Sci Total Environ 2023; 864:161099. [PMID: 36572316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has attracted attention for carbon sequestration, a strategy to mitigate climate change and alleviate soil acidification. Most meta-analyses have insufficiently elaborated the effects of BC on soil N transformation so the practical importance of BC could not be assessed. In this study, a 15N tracing study was conducted to investigate the effects of BC amendment on soil gross N transformations in acidic soils with different land-use types. The results show that the BC amendment accelerated the soil gross mineralization rate of labile organic N to NH4+ (MNlab) (3 %-128 %) which was associated with an increase in total nitrogen. BC mitigated NH3 volatilization (VNH3) (52 %-99 %) in upland and forest soils due to NH4+/NH3 adsorption, while it caused higher gaseous N losses (NH3 and N2O) in flooded paddy soils. An important function was the effect of BC addition on NH4+ oxidation (ONH4). While ONH4 increased (4 %-19 %) in upland soils, it was inhibited (34 %-71 %) in paddy soils and did not show a response in forest soils. Overall, the BC amendment reduced the potential risk of N loss (PRL), especially in forest soils (82 %-98 %). This study also shows that the BC effect on soil N cycling is land-use specific. The suitability of practices including BC hinges on the effects on gaseous N losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shenyan Dai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gierse M, Nagel L, Keim M, Lucas S, Speidel T, Lobmeyer T, Winter G, Josten F, Karaali S, Fellermann M, Scheuer J, Müller C, van Heijster F, Skinner J, Löffler J, Parker A, Handwerker J, Marshall A, Salhov A, El-Kassem B, Vassiliou C, Blanchard JW, Picazo-Frutos R, Eills J, Barth H, Jelezko F, Rasche V, Schilling F, Schwartz I, Knecht S. Parahydrogen-Polarized Fumarate for Preclinical in Vivo Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5960-5969. [PMID: 36857421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile method for the preparation of hyperpolarized [1-13C]fumarate as a contrast agent for preclinical in vivo MRI, using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). To benchmark this process, we compared a prototype PHIP polarizer to a state-of-the-art dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) system. We found comparable polarization, volume, and concentration levels of the prepared solutions, while the preparation effort is significantly lower for the PHIP process, which can provide a preclinical dose every 10 min, opposed to around 90 min for d-DNP systems. With our approach, a 100 mM [1-13C]-fumarate solution of volumes up to 3 mL with 13-20% 13C-hyperpolarization after purification can be produced. The purified solution has a physiological pH, while the catalyst, the reaction side products, and the precursor material concentrations are reduced to nontoxic levels, as confirmed in a panel of cytotoxicity studies. The in vivo usage of the hyperpolarized fumarate as a perfusion agent in healthy mice and the metabolic conversion of fumarate to malate in tumor-bearing mice developing regions with necrotic cell death is demonstrated. Furthermore, we present a one-step synthesis to produce the 13C-labeled precursor for the hydrogenation reaction with high yield, starting from 13CO2 as a cost-effective source for 13C-labeled compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gierse
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Keim
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Speidel
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Lobmeyer
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Josten
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Senay Karaali
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fellermann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Frits van Heijster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jason Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Löffler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alastair Marshall
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alon Salhov
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Román Picazo-Frutos
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany.,Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|