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Vu T, Mroz EL, Hernandez-Bigos K, Chow D, Ternent RS, Johnson KB, Tinetti ME, Monin J. Persons living with dementia and multiple chronic conditions identifying health priorities with care partners. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:2005-2008. [PMID: 36705432 PMCID: PMC10836201 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Vu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily L. Mroz
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Denise Chow
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rafael Samper Ternent
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mary E. Tinetti
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joan Monin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Yan L, Tong S, Absalom A, Daas ID, Park G, Taylor V, Chow D, Lee M, Zheng H, Chow A. THU0219 FIRST-INHUMAN STUDY OF SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF IRAK1/4 INHIBITOR R835 IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) and Interleukin-1 Receptors (IL-1R) play a critical role in the innate immune response as microbial and tissue damage sensors, providing a bridge between the innate and adaptive immunity. Interleukin receptor associated kinases (IRAK) 1 and 4 are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for signaling downstream of most TLRs and IL-1Rs and the resulting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Suppression of TLR and IL-1R signaling through inhibition of IRAK1/4 kinases is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We have identified a potent and selective IRAK1/4 inhibitor (R835) that showed dose-dependent inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist), and IL-1β induced serum cytokines in mice. R835 prevented disease onset and progression in multiple rodent models of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis and lupus models.Objectives:The aim of this FIH study was to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of R835 after single or multiple dose oral administrations.Methods:This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 1 study in healthy subjects in three parts: single ascending doses (20 mg-1920 mg, Part A) with food effect in a separate cohort (480 mg), multiple ascending doses (120 mg and 960 mg, BID, Part B) with a caffeine interaction (960 mg cohort), and an intravenous LPS challenge test at 240 mg oral dose of R835 (Part C).Results:Single doses of up to 480 mg R835 in organic solution, single doses of up to 1920 mg R835 as capsule, multiple doses of 120 mg R835 Q12H (organic solution), and 960 mg R835 Q12H (capsule) were safe and well tolerated. All R835 related adverse events (AEs) were mild in intensity and reversible, and mostly associated with the higher doses of R835 in the organic solution. The most common AEs were headache and gastrointestinal disturbance. The PK of R835 was linear and dose proportional in exposure over the dose range studied. A nominal level of accumulation in plasma achieved rapidly upon repeated BID administrations with steady-state essentially attained in 2 days. A high-fat meal with the capsule formulation resulted in slow rate of absorption but had no effect on the extent of absorption. There was no effect of R835 on metabolism of caffeine (P450 CYP1A2 prototype substrate). In the LPS challenge test, R835 profoundly inhibited the acute release of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIP1α and MIP1β, but had no impact on CRP release.Conclusion:R835 was well tolerated after single or multiple dose administrations. The most common AEs were headache and gastrointestinal disturbance. For both of the formulations tested, the PK of R835 was linear and exposure was dose proportional with rapid steady-state attainment following BID administration. There was no drug-drug interaction by use of caffeine as the protype substrate. R835 inhibited the LPS induced release of cytokines in the serum, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIP1α and MIP1β, mirroring preclinical data in mice. The desirable PK and safety profile combined with proof of mechanism, as demonstrated by inhibition of cytokine release, support progression of R835 into Phase II clinical development as an agent for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Disclosure of Interests: :Lucy Yan Shareholder of: Amgen, Rigel, Employee of: Amgen, Rigel, Sandra Tong Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Anthony Absalom: None declared, Izaak den Daas: None declared, Gary Park Shareholder of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Employee of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Vanessa Taylor Shareholder of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Employee of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Donna Chow Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Meng Lee Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Hanzhe Zheng Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Andrew Chow Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel
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Olazagasti C, Rothman A, Sampat D, Chow D, Seetharamu N, Steiger D. P2.11-03 Implementing Physician Education to Increase Lung Cancer Screening Compliance. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chang PD, Kuoy E, Grinband J, Weinberg BD, Thompson M, Homo R, Chen J, Abcede H, Shafie M, Sugrue L, Filippi CG, Su MY, Yu W, Hess C, Chow D. Hybrid 3D/2D Convolutional Neural Network for Hemorrhage Evaluation on Head CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1609-1616. [PMID: 30049723 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Convolutional neural networks are a powerful technology for image recognition. This study evaluates a convolutional neural network optimized for the detection and quantification of intraparenchymal, epidural/subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages on noncontrast CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed in 2 phases. First, a training cohort of all NCCTs acquired at a single institution between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2017, was used to develop and cross-validate a custom hybrid 3D/2D mask ROI-based convolutional neural network architecture for hemorrhage evaluation. Second, the trained network was applied prospectively to all NCCTs ordered from the emergency department between February 1, 2018, and February 28, 2018, in an automated inference pipeline. Hemorrhage-detection accuracy, area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were assessed for full and balanced datasets and were further stratified by hemorrhage type and size. Quantification was assessed by the Dice score coefficient and the Pearson correlation. RESULTS A 10,159-examination training cohort (512,598 images; 901/8.1% hemorrhages) and an 862-examination test cohort (23,668 images; 82/12% hemorrhages) were used in this study. Accuracy, area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative-predictive value for hemorrhage detection were 0.975, 0.983, 0.971, 0.975, 0.793, and 0.997 on training cohort cross-validation and 0.970, 0.981, 0.951, 0.973, 0.829, and 0.993 for the prospective test set. Dice scores for intraparenchymal hemorrhage, epidural/subdural hemorrhage, and SAH were 0.931, 0.863, and 0.772, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A customized deep learning tool is accurate in the detection and quantification of hemorrhage on NCCT. Demonstrated high performance on prospective NCCTs ordered from the emergency department suggests the clinical viability of the proposed deep learning tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Chang
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., E.K., M.T., R.H., M.-Y.S., D.C.).,Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.S., C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - E Kuoy
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., E.K., M.T., R.H., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - J Grinband
- Department of Radiology (J.G.), Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - B D Weinberg
- Department of Radiology (B.D.W.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Thompson
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., E.K., M.T., R.H., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - R Homo
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., E.K., M.T., R.H., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | | | - H Abcede
- Neurology (H.A., M.S., W.Y.), University of California Irvine
| | - M Shafie
- Neurology (H.A., M.S., W.Y.), University of California Irvine
| | - L Sugrue
- Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.S., C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - C G Filippi
- Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), North Shore University Hospital, Long Island, New York
| | - M-Y Su
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., E.K., M.T., R.H., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - W Yu
- Neurology (H.A., M.S., W.Y.), University of California Irvine
| | - C Hess
- Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.S., C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - D Chow
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., E.K., M.T., R.H., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
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Chang P, Grinband J, Weinberg BD, Bardis M, Khy M, Cadena G, Su MY, Cha S, Filippi CG, Bota D, Baldi P, Poisson LM, Jain R, Chow D. Deep-Learning Convolutional Neural Networks Accurately Classify Genetic Mutations in Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1201-1207. [PMID: 29748206 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The World Health Organization has recently placed new emphasis on the integration of genetic information for gliomas. While tissue sampling remains the criterion standard, noninvasive imaging techniques may provide complimentary insight into clinically relevant genetic mutations. Our aim was to train a convolutional neural network to independently predict underlying molecular genetic mutation status in gliomas with high accuracy and identify the most predictive imaging features for each mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR imaging data and molecular information were retrospectively obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archives for 259 patients with either low- or high-grade gliomas. A convolutional neural network was trained to classify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status, 1p/19q codeletion, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status. Principal component analysis of the final convolutional neural network layer was used to extract the key imaging features critical for successful classification. RESULTS Classification had high accuracy: IDH1 mutation status, 94%; 1p/19q codeletion, 92%; and MGMT promotor methylation status, 83%. Each genetic category was also associated with distinctive imaging features such as definition of tumor margins, T1 and FLAIR suppression, extent of edema, extent of necrosis, and textural features. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that for The Cancer Imaging Archives dataset, machine-learning approaches allow classification of individual genetic mutations of both low- and high-grade gliomas. We show that relevant MR imaging features acquired from an added dimensionality-reduction technique demonstrate that neural networks are capable of learning key imaging components without prior feature selection or human-directed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chang
- From the Department of Radiology (P.C., S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J Grinband
- Department of Radiology (J.G.), Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - B D Weinberg
- Department of Radiology (B.D.W.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Bardis
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - M Khy
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | | | - M-Y Su
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - S Cha
- From the Department of Radiology (P.C., S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - C G Filippi
- Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), North Shore University Hospital, Long Island, New York
| | | | - P Baldi
- School of Information and Computer Sciences (P.B.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - L M Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences (L.M.P.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - R Jain
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery (R.J.), New York University, New York, New York
| | - D Chow
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
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Omair M, Chow D, Haq MU, Mohamed U. Remote Monitoring of Devices: Where Do We Stand? Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dhruv H, Mathews I, Chow D, Yin H, Berens M, Tran N. NT-10 * IDENTIFICATION OF AURINTRICARBOXYLIC ACID (ATA) AS AN INHIBITOR OF TWEAK-Fn14 SIGNALING IN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou265.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aaberg-Jessen C, Fogh L, Halle B, Jensen V, Brunner N, Kristensen BW, Abe T, Momii Y, Watanabe J, Morisaki I, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Fujiki M, Aldaz B, Fabius AWM, Silber J, Harinath G, Chan TA, Huse JT, Anai S, Hide T, Nakamura H, Makino K, Yano S, Kuratsu JI, Balyasnikova IV, Prasol MS, Kanoija DK, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS, Barone T, Burkhart C, Purmal A, Gudkov A, Gurova K, Plunkett R, Barton K, Misuraca K, Cordero F, Dobrikova E, Min H, Gromeier M, Kirsch D, Becher O, Pont LB, Kloezeman J, van den Bent M, Kanaar R, Kremer A, Swagemakers S, French P, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Leenstra S, Pont LB, Balvers R, Kloezeman J, Kleijn A, Lawler S, Leenstra S, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Gong X, Andres A, Hanson J, Delashaw J, Bota D, Chen CC, Yao NW, Chuang WJ, Chang C, Chen PY, Huang CY, Wei KC, Cheng Y, Dai Q, Morshed R, Han Y, Auffinger B, Wainwright D, Zhang L, Tobias A, Rincon E, Thaci B, Ahmed A, He C, Lesniak M, Choi YA, Pandya H, Gibo DM, Fokt I, Priebe W, Debinski W, Chornenkyy Y, Agnihotri S, Buczkowicz P, Rakopoulos P, Morrison A, Barszczyk M, Becher O, Hawkins C, Chung S, Decollogne S, Luk P, Shen H, Ha W, Day B, Stringer B, Hogg P, Dilda P, McDonald K, Moore S, Hayden-Gephart M, Bergen J, Su Y, Rayburn H, Edwards M, Scott M, Cochran J, Das A, Varma AK, Wallace GC, Dixon-Mah YN, Vandergrift WA, Giglio P, Ray SK, Patel SJ, Banik NL, Dasgupta T, Olow A, Yang X, Mueller S, Prados M, James CD, Haas-Kogan D, Dave ND, Desai PB, Gudelsky GA, Chow LML, LaSance K, Qi X, Driscoll J, Driscoll J, Ebsworth K, Walters MJ, Ertl LS, Wang Y, Berahovic RD, McMahon J, Powers JP, Jaen JC, Schall TJ, Eroglu Z, Portnow J, Sacramento A, Garcia E, Raubitschek A, Synold T, Esaki S, Rabkin S, Martuza R, Wakimoto H, Ferluga S, Tome CL, Debinski W, Forde HE, Netland IA, Sleire L, Skeie B, Enger PO, Goplen D, Giladi M, Tichon A, Schneiderman R, Porat Y, Munster M, Dishon M, Weinberg U, Kirson E, Wasserman Y, Palti Y, Giladi M, Porat Y, Schneiderman R, Munster M, Weinberg U, Kirson E, Palti Y, Gramatzki D, Staudinger M, Frei K, Peipp M, Weller M, Grasso C, Liu L, Becher O, Berlow N, Davis L, Fouladi M, Gajjar A, Hawkins C, Huang E, Hulleman E, Hutt M, Keller C, Li XN, Meltzer P, Quezado M, Quist M, Raabe E, Spellman P, Truffaux N, van Vurden D, Wang N, Warren K, Pal R, Grill J, Monje M, Green AL, Ramkissoon S, McCauley D, Jones K, Perry JA, Ramkissoon L, Maire C, Shacham S, Ligon KL, Kung AL, Zielinska-Chomej K, Grozman V, Tu J, Viktorsson K, Lewensohn R, Gupta S, Mladek A, Bakken K, Carlson B, Boakye-Agyeman F, Kizilbash S, Schroeder M, Reid J, Sarkaria J, Hadaczek P, Ozawa T, Soroceanu L, Yoshida Y, Matlaf L, Singer E, Fiallos E, James CD, Cobbs CS, Hashizume R, Tom M, Ihara Y, Ozawa T, Santos R, Torre JDL, Lepe E, Waldman T, Prados M, James D, Hashizume R, Ihara Y, Huang X, Yu-Jen L, Tom M, Mueller S, Gupta N, Solomon D, Waldman T, Zhang Z, James D, Hayashi T, Adachi K, Nagahisa S, Hasegawa M, Hirose Y, Gephart MH, Moore S, Bergen J, Su YS, Rayburn H, Scott M, Cochran J, Hingtgen S, Kasmieh R, Nesterenko I, Figueiredo JL, Dash R, Sarkar D, Fisher P, Shah K, Horne E, Diaz P, Stella N, Huang C, Yang H, Wei K, Huang T, Hlavaty J, Ostertag D, Espinoza FL, Martin B, Petznek H, Rodriguez-Aguirre M, Ibanez C, Kasahara N, Gunzburg W, Gruber H, Pertschuk D, Jolly D, Robbins J, Hurwitz B, Yoo JY, Bolyard C, Yu JG, Wojton J, Zhang J, Bailey Z, Eaves D, Cripe T, Old M, Kaur B, Serwer L, Yoshida Y, Le Moan N, Santos R, Ng S, Butowski N, Krtolica A, Ozawa T, Cary SPL, James CD, Johns T, Greenall S, Donoghue J, Adams T, Karpel-Massler G, Westhoff MA, Kast RE, Dwucet A, Wirtz CR, Debatin KM, Halatsch ME, Karpel-Massler G, Kast RE, Westhoff MA, Merkur N, Dwucet A, Wirtz CR, Debatin KM, Halatsch ME, Kievit F, Stephen Z, Wang K, Kolstoe D, Silber J, Ellenbogen R, Zhang M, Kitange G, Schroeder M, Sarkaria J, Kleijn A, Haefner E, Leenstra S, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Knubel K, Pernu BM, Sufit A, Pierce AM, Nelson SK, Keating AK, Jensen SS, Kristensen BW, Lachowicz J, Demeule M, Regina A, Tripathy S, Curry JC, Nguyen T, Castaigne JP, Le Moan N, Serwer L, Yoshida Y, Ng S, Davis T, Santos R, Davis A, Tanaka K, Keating T, Getz J, Kapp GT, Romero JM, Ozawa T, James CD, Krtolica A, Cary SPL, Lee S, Ramisetti S, Slagle-Webb B, Sharma A, Connor J, Lee WS, Maire C, Kluk M, Aster JC, Ligon K, Sun S, Lee D, Ho ASW, Pu JKS, Zhang ZQ, Lee NP, Day PJR, Leung GKK, Liu Z, Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Miller P, Webb B, Connor JR, Yang QX, Lobo M, Green S, Schabel M, Gillespie Y, Woltjer R, Pike M, Lu YJ, Torre JDL, Waldman T, Prados M, Ozawa T, James D, Luchman HA, Stechishin O, Nguyen S, Cairncross JG, Weiss S, Lun X, Wells JC, Hao X, Zhang J, Grinshtein N, Kaplan D, Luchman A, Weiss S, Cairncross JG, Senger D, Robbins S, Madhankumar A, Slagle-Webb B, Rizk E, Payne R, Park A, Pang M, Harbaugh K, Connor J, Wilisch-Neumann A, Pachow D, Kirches E, Mawrin C, McDonell S, Liang J, Piao Y, Nguyen N, Yung A, Verhaak R, Sulman E, Stephan C, Lang F, de Groot J, Mizobuchi Y, Okazaki T, Kageji T, Kuwayama K, Kitazato KT, Mure H, Hara K, Morigaki R, Matsuzaki K, Nakajima K, Nagahiro S, Kumala S, Heravi M, Devic S, Muanza T, Nelson SK, Knubel KH, Pernu BM, Pierce AM, Keating AK, Neuwelt A, Nguyen T, Wu YJ, Donson A, Vibhakar R, Venkatamaran S, Amani V, Neuwelt E, Rapkin L, Foreman N, Ibrahim F, New P, Cui K, Zhao H, Chow D, Stephen W, Nozue-Okada K, Nagane M, McDonald KL, Ogawa D, Chiocca E, Godlewski J, Ozawa T, Yoshida Y, Santos R, James D, Pang M, Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Slagle-Webb B, Patel A, Miller P, Connor J, Pasupuleti N, Gorin F, Valenzuela A, Leon L, Carraway K, Ramachandran C, Nair S, Quirrin KW, Khatib Z, Escalon E, Melnick S, Phillips A, Boghaert E, Vaidya K, Ansell P, Shalinsky D, Zhang Y, Voorbach M, Mudd S, Holen K, Humerickhouse R, Reilly E, Huang T, Parab S, Diago O, Espinoza FL, Martin B, Ibanez C, Kasahara N, Gruber H, Pertschuk D, Jolly D, Robbins J, Ryken T, Agarwal S, Al-Keilani M, Alqudah M, Sibenaller Z, Assemolt M, Sai K, Li WY, Li WP, Chen ZP, Saito R, Sonoda Y, Kanamori M, Yamashita Y, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Sarkar G, Curran G, Jenkins R, Scharnweber R, Kato Y, Lin J, Everson R, Soto H, Kruse C, Kasahara N, Liau L, Prins R, Semenkow S, Chu Q, Eberhart C, Sengupta R, Marassa J, Piwnica-Worms D, Rubin J, Serwer L, Kapp GT, Le Moan N, Yoshida Y, Romero JM, Ng S, Davis A, Ozawa T, Krtolica A, James CD, Cary SPL, Shai R, Pismenyuk T, Moshe I, Fisher T, Freedman S, Simon A, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Toren A, Yalon M, Shen H, Decollogne S, Dilda P, Chung S, Luk P, Hogg P, McDonald K, Shimazu Y, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Fujii K, Onishi M, Ishida J, Oka T, Watanabe M, Nasu Y, Kumon H, Date I, Sirianni RW, McCall RL, Spoor J, van der Kaaij M, Kloezeman J, Geurtjens M, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Leenstra S, Stephen Z, Veiseh O, Kievit F, Fang C, Leung M, Ellenbogen R, Silber J, Zhang M, Strohbehn G, Atsina KK, Patel T, Piepmeier J, Zhou J, Saltzman WM, Takahashi M, Valdes G, Inagaki A, Kamijima S, Hiraoka K, Micewicz E, McBride WH, Iwamoto KS, Gruber HE, Robbins JM, Jolly DJ, Kasahara N, Warren K, McCully C, Bacher J, Thomas T, Murphy R, Steffen-Smith E, McAllister R, Pastakia D, Widemann B, Wei K, Yang H, Huang C, Chen P, Hua M, Liu H, Woolf EC, Abdelwahab MG, Fenton KE, Liu Q, Turner G, Preul MC, Scheck AC, Yoshida Y, Ozawa T, Butowski N, Shen W, Brown D, Pedersen H, James D, Zhang J, Hariono S, Yao TW, Sidhu A, Hashizume R, James CD, Weiss WA, Nicolaides TP, Olusanya T. EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii37-iii61. [PMCID: PMC3823891 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
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Tibes R, Kornblau S, Braggio E, Chow D, Pierceall W, Sproat L, Noel P, Mesa R, Bogenberger J. P-278 RNAi indentified rational 5-azacytidine combinations and biomarkers of response. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nakamura L, Jellison F, Rogo-Gupta L, Hartshorn T, Chow D, Rodriguez L, Kim JH, Raz S. 560 INCONTINENCE SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING SUBURETHRAL SLING REMOVAL. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jellison F, Ng G, Rogo-Gupta L, Nakamura L, Chow D, Kim JH, Rodriguez L, Raz S. V263 ROTATIONAL LABIAL AND INFERIOR PUDENDIAL ARTERY BASED INNER THIGH FLAPS IN VAGINAL RECONSTRUCTION. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jellison F, Nakamura L, Rogo-Gupta L, Chow D, Baxter C, Kim JH, Rodriguez L, Raz S. 563 TRANSLABIAL ULTRASOUND (TLUS) DETECTION IN URETHRAL MESH SLING REVISION: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEED FOR INTERPOSITIONAL TISSUE FLAP OR URETHRAL RECONSTRUCTION. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koski ME, Chow D, Bedestani A, Togami JM, Chesson RR, Winters JC. Colpocleisis for Advanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Urology 2012; 80:542-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karkhanechi M, Chow D, Sipkin J, Sherman D, Boylan RJ, Norman RG, Craig RG, Cisneros GJ. Periodontal status of adult patients treated with fixed buccal appliances and removable aligners over one year of active orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod 2012; 83:146-51. [PMID: 22725616 DOI: 10.2319/031212-217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the periodontal status of adults treated with fixed buccal orthodontic appliances vs removable orthodontic aligners over 1 year of active therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 42 subjects; 22 treated with fixed buccal orthodontic appliances and 20 treated with removable aligners. Clinical indices recorded included: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Plaque samples were assessed for hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA test). Indices and BANA scores were recorded before treatment and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after initiation of orthodontic therapy. RESULTS After 6 weeks, only mean PPD was greater in the fixed buccal orthodontic appliance group. However, after 6 months, the fixed buccal orthodontic appliance group had significantly greater mean PI, PPD, and GI scores and was 5.739 times more likely to have a higher BANA score. After 12 months, the fixed buccal orthodontic appliance group continued to have greater mean PI, GI, and PPD, while a trend was noted for higher BANA scores and BOP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest treatment with fixed buccal orthodontic appliances is associated with decreased periodontal status and increased levels of periodontopathic bacteria when compared to treatment with removable aligners over the 12-month study duration.
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Rogo-Gupta L, Hartshorn TG, Chow D, Le NB, Jellison F, Ackerman AL, Rodriguez LV, Raz S. 1546 COMPLICATIONS OF MESH-AUGMENTED PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE AND INCONTINENCE REPAIRS: CASE SERIES OF 319 PROCEDURES. J Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koski M, Chow D, Bedestani A, Togami J, Chesson R, Winters JC. 2082 COLPOCLEISIS FOR ADVANCED PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE. J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chow D, Bedestani A, Chesson R, Winters JC. V173 MODIFIED LATZKO PROCEDURE (PARTIAL COLPOCLESIS) FOR VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA: TECHNIQUE AND OUTCOMES. J Urol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grandinetti A, Chow D, Seifried S, Sletten D, Low P. P35.5 ACE genotype is associated with prolonged QTc in individuals with decreased heart rate variability during paced breathing. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Walsh EJ, Souza S, Gerschenson M, Shikuma C, Chow D. HIV disease progression and limited antiretroviral treatment options for a HIV-1 infected individual with myoclonic epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers. Mitochondrion 2005; 4:169-73. [PMID: 16120382 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2004.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 50-year-old Caucasian man with a family history of myoclonic epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF) and a diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The patient had multiple risk factors for contracting HIV and was being followed in our clinic at the time of his diagnosis. Initial testing following seroconversion revealed a baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 652 x 10(6)cells/l and a HIV-1 RNA of 14,781 copies/ml. He reported exercise intolerance and had mild neurologic deficits, which worsened around the time of HIV seroconversion. These symptoms led to his subsequent diagnosis of MERRF by the detection of the A8344G point mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The baseline estimated proportion of mutant genome was 39%. He showed a rapid course of HIV disease progression with a CD4+ T-lymphocyte nadir of 174 x 10(6) cells/l associated with a HIV-1 RNA of 238,178 copies/ml, within 17 months following HIV seroconversion. To avoid further mitochondrial insult, which could result from the use of a standard nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing regimen, a protease inhibitor regimen consisting of hard-gel saquinavir (Invirase), and lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) was chosen for this patient. The patient's CD4+ T-lymphocyte count increased to 282 x 10(6)cells/l and his viral load became undetectable 7 months following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. His neurologic symptoms did not worsen on this antiretroviral regimen. When initiating HIV therapy in individuals with metabolic myopathies related to mitochondrial dysfunction, it may be important to design an antiviral regimen that minimizes mitochondrial damage, yet effectively maintains durable viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Walsh
- Hawaii AIDS Clinical Research Program, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3675 Kilauea Avenue, Young Building 5th Floor, Leahi Hospital, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
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Acoba JD, Palalay MP, Cho J, Chow D. Ethnic variation of prognostic factors among breast cancer patients in Hawaii. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Cho
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - D. Chow
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a brief, interactive multimedia tutorial designed to prepare dentists to recognize and respond to domestic violence. METHODS The authors randomly assigned dentists and dental students to one of three groups: a control group or one of two experimental groups in a modified Solomon four-group design. RESULTS One hundred sixty-one dental students and 13 dentists completed the multimedia tutorial. At the posttest, subjects in both experimental groups demonstrated significantly better scores than did subjects in the control group on most items. The two experimental groups (pretest and posttest, posttest only) did not differ significantly from each other. CONCLUSION An engaging, interactive tutorial presenting a simplified model for ways in which dental professionals can recognize and respond to domestic violence significantly improved dental students' knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the topic. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians may improve the care they provide to patients by accessing this brief tutorial and following the lessons contained in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Danley
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, 94117, USA
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Ono J, Souza S, Walsh E, Chow D, Tran D, Shikuma C, Shiramizu B. 276 EFFECTS OF NIACIN ON HORMONE SENSITIVE LIPASE AND LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sabti K, Kapusta M, Mansour M, Overbury O, Chow D. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of sclerotomy sites: the effect of vitreous shaving around sclerotomy sites during pars plana vitrectomy. Retina 2002; 21:464-8. [PMID: 11642375 DOI: 10.1097/00006982-200110000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the difference in the amount of vitreous incarceration between conventional pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and PPV with vitreous shaving around sclerotomy sites. METHODS A dynamic in vivo examination using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed on the sclerotomy sites of 22 eyes after PPV. Patients were divided into two groups. In the study group (n = 11), the vitreous was completely shaved from the internal initial sclerotomy by cotton-tip depressed vitrectomy under coaxial illumination. In the control group (n = 11), no vitreous shaving was performed. RESULTS Vitreous incarceration into sclerotomy sites was significantly less in the study group compared with the control group (P <0.001). No difference was seen among the three sclerotomy sites regarding vitreous incarceration within individual eyes. No difference was seen between eyes operated by right- and left-handed surgeons. CONCLUSIONS Vitreous shaving of sclerotomy sites using depressed vitrectomy significantly reduces vitreous incarceration. This may reduce the rate of sclerotomy-related complications following PPV in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sabti
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University
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Einheber S, Pierce JP, Chow D, Znamensky V, Schnapp LM, Milner TA. Dentate hilar mossy cells and somatostatin-containing neurons are immunoreactive for the alpha8 integrin subunit: characterization in normal and kainic acid-treated rats. Neuroscience 2001; 105:619-38. [PMID: 11516828 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of different alpha and beta subunits that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. They have been implicated in the regulation of neuronal migration, differentiation, process outgrowth, and plasticity. The alpha8 integrin subunit associates exclusively with the beta1 subunit to form a receptor (alpha8beta1) for fibronectin, vitronectin, tenascin, and osteopontin. In a previous study, we demonstrated that hippocampal dentate hilar neurons are immunoreactive for alpha8. The present study identifies the major types of alpha8-immunoreactive hilar neurons and characterizes the effects of kainic acid-induced seizures on alpha8-immunoreactivity in these cells. Examination of the hilus in normal rats revealed alpha8-immunoreactivity in the somatodendritic compartments of large hilar neurons identified as mossy cells, including a subset of dendritic thorny excrescences that were contacted by large mossy fiber terminals. alpha8-immunoreactivity also was found in approximately 71% of somatostatin-containing hilar cells. Kainic acid-induced seizures dramatically and rapidly altered the levels and distribution of alpha8-immunoreactivity in hilar neurons. After 1.5 h of seizures, alpha8-immunoreactivity in their dendrites was reduced greatly. One day after kainic acid treatment, labeling was diminished throughout the somatodendritic compartments of most hilar cells. This decrease appeared to be transient, since alpha8 labeling returned to normal levels in surviving hilar neurons within 2 weeks of treatment. In addition, many alpha8-immunoreactive hilar neurons, particularly in caudal dentate regions, were lost 3-5 weeks after kainic acid treatment. Our findings suggest that alpha8beta1 may mediate adhesive interactions of the dendritic processes of mossy cells and somatostatin-containing hilar neurons with other cellular elements or with extracellular matrix components. They also suggest that alpha8 may be susceptible to activity-dependent proteolysis that could modulate its function in the somatodendritic compartment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Einheber
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Wen X, Wu QP, Lu Y, Fan Z, Charnsangavej C, Wallace S, Chow D, Li C. Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated anti-EGF receptor antibody C225 with radiometal chelator attached to the termini of polymer chains. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:545-53. [PMID: 11459459 DOI: 10.1021/bc0001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several biological barriers, including significant liver uptake, limit the clinical application of radiolabeled antibodies in radioimmunoscintigraphy. Here, a general approach is described for radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). This strategy is demonstrated with C225, a monoclonal antibody directed against epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. We synthesized a heterofunctional PEG with one end attached to a radiometal chelator, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and the other end to a protected thiol group, S-acetylthioacetate. After a deprotection step, the resulting DTPA-PEG-SH was conjugated to maleimide-activated C225 to yield DTPA-PEG-C225 conjugate. Characterization of DTPA-PEG-C225 with immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis revealed that the conjugate was biologically active in binding to the EGF receptor in A431 cells. Competitive EGF receptor binding assay in MDA-MB-468 cells showed that DTPA-PEG-C225, with up to 60% of the amino groups in C225 substituted, retained 66% of C225's binding affinity. Moreover, DTPA-PEG-C225 with increasing degrees of NH(2) substitution from 20% to 70% retained the activity of C225 to induce apoptosis in DiFi cells. More importantly, DTPA-PEG-C225 demonstrated less nonspecific interaction than DTPA-C225. Pharmacokinetic analysis using (111)In-labeled compounds revealed narrower steady-state distribution of (111)In-DTPA-PEG-C225 than (111)In-DTPA-C225, probably due to reduced nonspecific binding of PEG-modified antibody to tissues. The terminal half-life (t(1/2,)(gamma)) of (111)In-DTPA-PEG-C225, 21.1 h, was shorter than that of (111)In-DTPA-C225, 52.9 h. These data suggest that (111)In-DTPA-PEG-C225 may provide better imaging characteristics than (111)In-DTPA-C225, and that using PEG as a linker between the monoclonal antibody and DTPA may be a promising strategy in optimizing the imaging characteristics of immunoscintigraphic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Sabti K, Chow D, Wani V, Al-Ajmi M. Resolution of bilateral multifocal subretinal cysticercosis without significant inflammatory sequelae. Can J Ophthalmol 2001; 36:214-7. [PMID: 11428532 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-4182(01)80044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Sabti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que.
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Deng G, Chow D, Sanyal G. Quantitative determination of saccharide surfactants in protein samples by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2001; 289:124-9. [PMID: 11161305 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A direct and highly selective method, combining liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), has been developed for quantifying saccharide surfactants. Saccharide surfactants, such as n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (NOG), are widely used to solubilize or refold membrane-bound or lipophilic proteins. In the present study, we have developed an LC-MS method to quantify NOG in protein samples. Protein-bound NOG was completely dissociated from proteins by reversed-phase LC, allowing the total amount of saccharide surfactant in protein samples to be quantified by MS. A chemical analog of NOG was used as an internal standard for improving the reproducibility of the method. Linearity was found in the range of 10 microg/mL-1.0 mg/mL NOG concentrations. Seven major surfactant oligomeric ions were detected under the ionization conditions applied and their relative abundance was essentially unchanged over the range of 0.05-1.0 mg/mL NOG concentrations. Consequently, ions with characteristic mass-to-charge ratios could be used for quantification of NOG. Analytical accuracy of the method was examined by determining the amounts of NOG recovered from apolipoprotein A-I and myoglobin samples spiked with NOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deng
- AstraZeneca Research & Development Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
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Zou Y, Wu QP, Tansey W, Chow D, Hung MC, Charnsangavej C, Wallace S, Li C. Effectiveness of water soluble poly(L-glutamic acid)-camptothecin conjugate against resistant human lung cancer xenografted in nude mice. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:331-6. [PMID: 11172600 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.18.2.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A camptothecin (CPT) formulation that can be easily administered, is less toxic, and has greater antitumor effect is needed. In this study, a water-soluble CPT derivative was obtained by direct coupling of CPT to poly(L-glutamic acid) (PG) through the C20(S)-hydroxyl group. CPT was released from the resulting conjugate, PG-CPT, in phosphate-buffered saline with a zero-order kinetics in the initial 50 days. The release rates were 0.623% per day, 1.081% per day, and 1.396% per day at pH 5.3, 7.4, and 9.0, respectively. In vitro, PG-CPT was less potent in inhibiting cell growth than was free CPT in all human tumor cell lines tested. However, PG-CPT showed better antitumor activity and tolerability than did CPT in vivo. When H322 human lung tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice, PG-CPT delayed the growth of these well-established tumors with an absolute growth delay of 32 days when given as 4 doses with 4-day intervals between injections at an equivalent CPT dose of 40 mg/kg. When H322 cells were inoculated intratracheally in nude mice, 5 doses of intravenous injection of PG-CPT at an equivalent CPT dose of 10 mg/kg on days 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 after inoculation significantly prolonged the median survival of treated mice, averaging 1.8-fold that of untreated mice (p=0.01). Increasing the dose of PG-CPT to an equivalent CPT dose of 40 mg/kg per injection administered in 4 doses on days 4, 8, 12, and 16 prolonged the median survival of treated mice by 4-fold (p=0.0008). Significantly, mice with intratracheally inoculated H322 tumors were resistant to both CPT and cisplatin treatments. These studies demonstrated that PG may be used as an effective solubilizing carrier for CPT and that PG-CPT may have potential application in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Conlin PR, Chow D, Miller ER, Svetkey LP, Lin PH, Harsha DW, Moore TJ, Sacks FM, Appel LJ. The effect of dietary patterns on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13:949-55. [PMID: 10981543 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the impact of dietary patterns on the control of hypertension we studied the subgroup of 133 participants with systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140 to 159 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of 90 to 95 mm Hg enrolled in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study. Participants were fed a control diet for a 3-week period and were then randomized to receive for 8 weeks either the control diet; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, but otherwise similar to control; or a combination diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, including whole grains, fish, poultry, and nuts, and reduced in fats, red meats, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages. Sodium intake and body weight were held constant throughout the study. The combination diet significantly reduced systolic BP (-11.4 mm Hg, P < .001) and diastolic BP (-5.5 mm Hg, P < .001). The fruits-and-vegetables diet also significantly reduced systolic BP (-7.2 mm Hg, P < .001) and diastolic BP (-2.8 mm Hg, P = .013). The combination diet produced significantly greater BP effects (P < .05) than the fruits-and-vegetables diet. Blood pressure changes were evident within 2 weeks of starting the intervention feeding. After the 8-week intervention period, 70% of participants eating the combination diet had a normal BP (systolic BP < 140 and diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg) compared with 45% on the fruits-and-vegetables diet and 23% on the control diet. In patients with hypertension, the DASH combination diet effectively lowers BP and may be useful in achieving control of Stage 1 hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Conlin
- Endocrinology-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Chen CH, Lin HJ, Ger MJ, Chow D, Feng TY. cDNA cloning and characterization of a plant protein that may be associated with the harpinPSS-mediated hypersensitive response. Plant Mol Biol 2000; 43:429-38. [PMID: 11052195 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006448611432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitive response-assisting protein (HRAP) is a novel plant protein that can intensify the harpinPSS-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) in harpinPSS-insensitive plants, such as the vegetative stage of sweet pepper. In this report, we identified a HRAP cDNA clone from sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. ECW). The sequence of this cDNA clone showed no appreciable similarity to any other known sequences. However, it contained three positively charged regions, a typical signal peptide and a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation site. The hrap mRNA accumulated preferentially during the incompatible interaction of sweet pepper leaves with a pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. When the hrap gene transcription level was high, the sweet pepper leaves readily expressed the harpinPSS-mediated HR. The hrap gene transcription level in sweet pepper was also higher during the reproductive stage than during the vegetative stage. The HRAP distribution in an individual plant and different plant species was investigated. We found that all the organs of sweet pepper, except fruit, could express two different forms of HRAP. Moreover, the hrap gene was presented in many plant species including tobacco, Arabidopsis, and rice. In conclusion, our results suggest that the hrap gene is widely distributed throughout the plant world and its transcription level correlates with plant sensitivity to harpinPSS. The interaction between HRAP and harpinPSS reveals a novel way to interpret the interaction mechanism between plants and bacterial pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Capsicum/genetics
- Capsicum/microbiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Diseases/genetics
- Plant Diseases/microbiology
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/microbiology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Medicinal
- Pseudomonas/growth & development
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chen
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the management of a looped and knotted epidural catheter after analgesia for labour and delivery. CLINICAL FEATURES Obstetrical epidural pain relief was provided for a 37-yr old woman in early labour. A 20-gauge Portex catheter was inserted at the L2-L3 interspace. Six centimetres of catheter was left in the epidural space. After vaginal delivery the catheter could not be removed. The catheter was left in situ for 24 hr. Repeated attempts at removal were again unsuccessful. The epidural catheter was not visible with fluoroscopy and it was impossible to inject radiopaque dye into the catheter. However, we successfully advanced a 0.016 inch guidewire through the epidural catheter and radiologically demonstrated a knot and part of a loop. The catheter was removed by an orthopedic surgeon using blunt dissection under local anesthetic from the soft tissue just lateral to the interspinous ligament. CONCLUSIONS A knot can be a rare cause of a trapped epidural catheter. A suggested approach to the trapped lumbar epidural catheter: 1) Gentle traction on the catheter with the patient in various positions and in various degrees of lumbar flexion. 2) Test for catheter patency by injecting sterile, preservative-free, normal saline through the catheter. 3) Radiological imaging to determine if a knot is present and to determine its location, using radiopaque contrast for patent catheters or a guidewire for occluded catheters. 4) The approach to definitive management is based on the position of the knot. This can range from excision under local anesthetic to consultation with a surgical specialty for more invasive retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Renehan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital-Civic Campus, Ontario, Canada.
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Lee A, Chow D, Haus B, Tseng W, Evans D, Fleiszig S, Chandy G, Machen T. Airway epithelial tight junctions and binding and cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:L204-17. [PMID: 10409249 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.1.l204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of tight junctions in the binding and cytoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to apical or basolateral membranes of lung airway epithelial cells was tested with fluorescence microscopy on living cells. Binding of noncytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain O1 was assessed with P. aeruginosa that expressed green fluorescent protein. Binding of cytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain 6206 was assessed with FITC-labeled P. aeruginosa; cytotoxicity was determined from nuclear uptake of the impermeant dye propidium iodide. The role of direct contact of P. aeruginosa to epithelial cells was tested with filters with small (0.45-micrometer) or large (2.0-micrometer) pores. High transepithelial resistance (R(t)) Calu-3 and cultured bovine tracheal monolayers (R(t) > 1,000 Omega. cm(2)) bound P. aeruginosa very infrequently (<1 P. aeruginosa/100 cells) at the apical membrane, but P. aeruginosa bound frequently to cells near "free edges" at holes, wounds, islands, and perimeters; cytotoxicity required direct interaction with basolateral membranes. Wounded high R(t) epithelia showed increased P. aeruginosa binding and cytotoxicity at the free edges because basolateral membranes were accessible to P. aeruginosa, and dead and living cells near the wound bound P. aeruginosa similarly. Compared with high R(t) epithelia, low R(t) CFT1 (R(t) = 100-200 Omega. cm(2)) and EGTA-treated Calu-3 monolayers were 25 times more susceptible to P. aeruginosa binding throughout the monolayer. Cytotoxicity to CFT1 cells (throughout the confluent monolayer, not only at the free edge) occurred after a shorter delay (0.25 vs. 2.0 h) and then five times faster than to Calu-3 cells, indicating that the time course of P. aeruginosa cytotoxicity may be limited by the rate of gaining access through tight junctions and that this occurred faster in low R(t) than in high R(t) airway epithelia. Cytotoxicity appeared to occur in a sequential process that led first to a loss of fura 2 and a later uptake of propidium iodide. P. aeruginosa bound three times more frequently to regions between cells (tight junctions?) than to cell membranes of low R(t) CFT1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
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35
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Abstract
When rabbit isolated gastric glands were stimulated via the cyclic AMP pathway, a phosphorylated protein band of about 120 kDa (pp120) was markedly increased in the apical membrane-rich fraction, concomitant with an increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase and the phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein ezrin in the same fraction. The cytosolic fraction, but not other membrane fractions, also contained a protein with common features to the membrane-bound pp120, i.e., comigration in two-dimensional gels with a pI of approximately 4.5, anomalous mobility in SDS-PAGE, reactivity to antibodies, and phosphorylation, indicating that these two proteins were identical. The possibility that pp120 is vinculin was completely excluded. Using antibody against pp120, this protein was found to be almost exclusively in the gastric parietal cell. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that pp120 exists mainly in the cytosol, and that a small part of the protein binds to the apical membrane when the parietal cell is stimulated via the cyclic AMP pathway. In the presence of histone, purified pp120 produced phosphorylation on pp120 as well as histone. The inhibitor profile of this kinase activity is not consistent with any known kinase. We conclude that pp120 is closely associated with a new type of kinase, and translocates from cytosol to the apical membrane when the parietal cell is stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urushidani
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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36
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Abstract
Etoposide, an anticancer drug, has low oral bioavailability because of low aqueous solubility, slow dissolution rate, and instability in acidic pH. Our objective was to enhance the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of etoposide by polymorph formation. Preparation of various polymorphs of etoposide was attempted by crystallizing etoposide from organic solvents. Physicochemical properties of the crystals, namely, crystal habit, thermal behavior with hot-stage microscopy, thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry, IR spectrum, and solubility and dissolution rates, were examined. Based on the physicochemical characteristics, a metastable polymorph of etoposide was identified when it was crystallized from isopropanol. The metastable polymorph had an equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate of 221 micrograms/ml and 16.3 micrograms/min/cm2, respectively; 1.9 and 1.7 times that of etoposide powder at 25 degrees C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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37
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Frank M, Mears CA, Labov SE, Hiller LJ, Le Grand JB, Lindeman MA, Netel H, Chow D, Barfknecht AT. Cryogenic high-resolution X-ray spectrometers for SR-XRF and microanalysis. J Synchrotron Radiat 1998; 5:515-517. [PMID: 15263563 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049597014465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1997] [Accepted: 10/23/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Experimental results are presented obtained with a cryogenically cooled high-resolution X-ray spectrometer based on a 141 x 141 micro m Nb-Al-Al(2)O(3)-Al-Nb superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector in an SR-XRF demonstration experiment. STJ detectors can operate at count rates approaching those of semiconductor detectors while still providing a significantly better energy resolution for soft X-rays. By measuring fluorescence X-rays from samples containing transition metals and low-Z elements, an FWHM energy resolution of 6-15 eV for X-rays in the energy range 180-1100 eV has been obtained. The results show that, in the near future, STJ detectors may prove very useful in XRF and microanalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, L-418, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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38
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Tucker N, Chow D, Stockl F, Codère F, Burnier M. Clinically suspected primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: clinicopathologic review of 150 patients. Ophthalmology 1997; 104:1882-6. [PMID: 9373121 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of lacrimal sac pathology in patients with clinically suspected primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is unknown. This is an important issue when considering the potential risk of either conservative nonsurgical management or laser dacryocystorhinostomy, neither of which permits direct visualization and biopsy of the lacrimal outflow apparatus. METHODS A total of 162 lacrimal sac biopsy specimens were obtained in 150 consecutive patients undergoing external or endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy for clinical primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction from January 1992 to October 1994. RESULTS A total of 147 patients (98%) had histopathologic findings consistent with inflammation or fibrosis of the lacrimal sac or both. In the remaining three patients, abnormalities included sarcoid granuloma (one patient), oncocytoma (one patient), and lymphoma (one patient). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of significant pathology of the lacrimal sac in clinically suspected primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is low. However, these cases can be identified correctly only by routine biopsy of the lacrimal sac during dacryocystorhinostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tucker
- Oculoplastics Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Abstract
The wbp gene cluster, encoding the B-band lipopolysaccharide O antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 strain PAO1, was previously shown to contain a wzy (rfc) gene encoding the O-antigen polymerase. This study describes the molecular characterization of the corresponding wzz (rol) gene, responsible for modulating O-antigen chain length. P. aeruginosa O5 Wzz has 19 to 20% amino acid identity with Wzz of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella flexneri. Knockout mutations of the wzz gene in serotypes O5 and O16 (which has an O antigen structurally related to that of O5) yielded mutants expressing O antigens with a distribution of chain lengths differing markedly from that of the parent strains. Unlike enteric wzz mutants, the P. aeruginosa wzz mutants continued to display some chain length modulation. The P. aeruginosa O5 wzz gene complemented both O5 and O16 wzz mutants as well as an E. coli wzz mutant. Coexpression of E. coli and P. aeruginosa wzz genes in a rough strain of E. coli carrying the P. aeruginosa wbp cluster resulted in the expression of two populations of O-antigen chain lengths. Sequence analysis of the region upstream of wzz led to identification of the genes rpsA and himD, encoding 30S ribosomal subunit protein S1 and integration host factor, respectively. This finding places rpsA and himD adjacent to wzz and the wbp cluster at 37 min on the PAO1 chromosomal map and completes the delineation of the O5 serogroup-specific region of the wbp cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Mears CA, Frank M, Labov SE, Hiller LJ, le Grand JB, Chow D, Lindeman MA, Netel H, Barfknecht AT. Soft x-ray performance of high-resolution superconducting spectrometers. J Xray Sci Technol 1997; 7:225-232. [PMID: 21311119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We are developing high-resolution, broad-band, superconducting X-ray spectrometers for applications in materials science, astrophysics and biophysics. These spectrometers are superconducting microcalorimeters based on superconducting tunnel junction sensors made from thin films of niobium and aluminum. The energy resolution of these spectrometers can be more than an order of magnitude better than that of the best Si(Li) or Ge(Li) detectors. We present results of recent measurements characterizing the performance of these detectors for X-ray energies from 70 eV to 500 eV, where the energy resolution ranged from 4 eV FWHM (at 70 eV) to 12 eV FWHM (at 500 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Mears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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41
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Marra CA, Carleton BC, Lynd LD, Marra F, McDougal AR, Chow D, McKerrow R. Drug and poison information resources on the Internet, Part 2: Identification and evaluation. Pharmacotherapy 1996; 16:806-18. [PMID: 8888076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Internet is a potential source of information for practitioners and researchers of pharmaceutical sciences. Despite its explosive growth and popularity, pharmacists and other health care providers have been slow to use the Internet as a source of clinical information. We have identified and evaluated several sites available on the Internet that are devoted to providing information related to professional practice, pharmacotherapy, and toxicology. We have concerns, however, regarding the quality of the available information and advise users to be cautious in using the data they obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Marra
- Pharmaceutical and Outcomes Research Program, British Columbia's Children's and Women's Hospitals, Vancouver, Canada.
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42
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Bright GR, Kuo NT, Chow D, Burden S, Dowe C, Przybylski RJ. Delivery of macromolecules into adherent cells via electroporation for use in fluorescence spectroscopic imaging and metabolic studies. Cytometry 1996; 24:226-33. [PMID: 8800555 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19960701)24:3<226::aid-cyto5>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A method is described to introduce by electroporation membrane-impermeant molecules into adherent living cells with little perturbation. The approach uses simple, commonly available equipment to introduce small fluorescent dyes, large carrier-based dyes (e.g., fluorescein-labeled dextran), large macromolecules (e.g., antibodies), and metabolic precursors (e.g., 32P-ATP) with high efficiency. Conditions are relatively independent of cell type. Electroporation with three pulses of 300 volts at 540 microF capacitance at 4 degrees C is a good starting point for many cell types. Electrode distance from the adherent cells was critical at 1.0 +/- 0.15 mm. Suitable poration medium includes calcium-magnesium free phosphate buffered saline (PBS), PBS-buffered 0.25-3.0 M sucrose, Hepes-buffered sucrose, or unbuffered sucrose. Potential use in fluorescence imaging and metabolic studies is shown with DNA synthesis, cell replication, cell substratum attachment, 32P-ATP phosphorylation, and insulin-mediated increases in glucose uptake and its suppression by antiphosphotyrosine and antiglucose transporter protein antibodies. The ability to load foreign molecules into large numbers of adherent cells provides a means of studying these cells individually via microscopic approaches, such as fluorescence spectroscopic imaging, as well as with conventional biochemical and physiological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Bright
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4930, USA.
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43
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Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for cefazolin in rat tissues was developed. Tissue samples were homogenized in distilled water, acidified with 8.5% phosphoric acid, and centrifuged. Cefazolin was isolated from the supernatant by solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges. The eluate containing cefazolin and internal standard, cephalexin, was injected onto a reversed-phase C18 column and eluted with a mobile phase of 23% methanol in 0.02 M sodium phosphate monobasic (pH 5.0) and detected with UV absorbance at 270 nm. Recoveries of cefazolin were 33.7 +/- 2.5%, 45.4 +/- 2.1%, and 42.9 +/- 1.0% from liver, spleen and lung, respectively. The calibration curves for cefazolin were established at 0.5-1500 micrograms/g in spleen, 0.1-250 micrograms/g in liver and 0.1-75 micrograms/g in lung. The assay was reproducible with within-day and between-day variations of 1-2 and 1-4%, respectively. Application of the assay for tissue distribution of cefazolin in liposomal targeting study was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center 77030
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44
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Weitzhandler M, Kadlecek D, Avdalovic N, Forte JG, Chow D, Townsend RR. Monosaccharide and oligosaccharide analysis of proteins transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:5121-30. [PMID: 8444888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed an intermediate method toward the complete carbohydrate analysis of proteins, which should be universally applicable to all proteins and independent of sample matrix. Using only Coomassie Blue-stained proteins which have been electroblotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, we report a strategy for: (i) determining unequivocally whether a protein is glycosylated; (ii) obtaining a complete monosaccharide composition; (iii) oligosaccharide mapping which separates most forms according to size, charge and isomerity; and (iv) sequentially releasing and analyzing specific classes of oligosaccharides with endoglycosidases. The method was shown to be applicable to a variety of well characterized soluble glycoproteins and to the membrane-bound protein, the gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase. The monosaccharide composition of the H+,K(+)-ATPase revealed the absence of N-acetylneuraminic or N-glycolylneuraminic acids and a monosaccharide composition which indicated O-linked sugar chains. Oligomannosidic/hybrid and biantennary oligosaccharides were sequentially released and analyzed from one electroblotted band of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator using endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F2, respectively. Sialylated polylactosamine structures were identified and quantified by analyzing high performance liquid chromatography profiles of oligosaccharides first released by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase and then treated with endo-beta-galactosidase, using a single, stained band of recombinant erythropoietin. This recombinant erythropoietin was found to contain eight times more tetrasialylated oligosaccharides than previously reported (Sasaki, H., Bothner, B., Dell, A., and Fukuda, M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12059-12076); 47% of released oligosaccharides were identified as polylactosamine structures.
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45
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Weitzhandler M, Kadlecek D, Avdalovic N, Forte J, Chow D, Townsend R. Monosaccharide and oligosaccharide analysis of proteins transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
In a retrospective study, we reviewed 218 consecutive Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies performed at the Gimbel Eye Centre between June 1987 and November 1989 for the incidence of retinal detachment (RD) following treatment. Matched controls were found for 198 YAG cases. The median post-surgical follow-up for the YAG cases was 49.5 months; for the controls, 50.0 months. The median time between cataract extraction and YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was 24.8 months. The median follow-up after YAG was 24.2 months. Two of the 198 YAG cases (1.0%) and one of the 198 controls (0.5%) had RD. In the YAG cases, RD occurred 54.8 and 36.5 months after cataract surgery; in the control cases, 51.8 months after cataract surgery. Retinal detachment occurred at 15.0 and 17.0 months after YAG capsulotomy. These rates were lower than those reported in the literature. We feel that the surgical techniques of continuous circular capsulorhexis and in-the-bag IOL placement reduce the risk of RD following Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy.
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47
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Cullen KJ, Lippman ME, Chow D, Hill S, Rosen N, Zwiebel JA. Insulin-like growth factor-II overexpression in MCF-7 cells induces phenotypic changes associated with malignant progression. Mol Endocrinol 1992; 6:91-100. [PMID: 1310798 DOI: 10.1210/mend.6.1.1310798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) can act as autocrine and/or paracrine growth promoters in breast cancer. To investigate this hypothesis, we infected early passage MCF-7 cells with a retroviral vector containing the coding sequence for the IGF-II preprohormone along with a constitutive cytomegalovirus promoter sequence. These cells do not normally express IGF-I or IGF-II. After infection with the retroviral vector, several single cell clones were analyzed. Seven of nine isolated clones expressed very high levels of IGF-II mRNA. Biologically active IGF-II protein was easily detectable in the medium conditioned by the IGF-II-expressing clones, and IGF receptors were down-regulated in these. All IGF-II-expressing clones showed marked morphological changes in anchorage-dependent culture, growing in large clumps and as free-floating colonies. The cells also cloned in soft agar in the absence of estrogen, while the wild-type MCF-7 cells and control cells infected with an irrelevant DNA sequence showed none of these properties. alpha IR-3, an antibody that blocks the type I IGF receptor, inhibited the growth of IGF-II-expressing clones in serum-free medium. This model demonstrates that IGF-II can serve as an autocrine growth stimulant in breast cancer epithelial cells and that IGF-II overexpression may be capable of mediating malignant progression in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cullen
- Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007
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48
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Canfield VA, Okamoto CT, Chow D, Dorfman J, Gros P, Forte JG, Levenson R. Cloning of the H,K-ATPase beta subunit. Tissue-specific expression, chromosomal assignment, and relationship to Na,K-ATPase beta subunits. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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49
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Abstract
Stimulation of the gastric parietal cell requires massive membrane transformations as H(+)-pumps from the domain of cytoplasmic tubulovesicles are recruited into the apical plasma membrane domain. The recycling of membrane pools, through fusion and fission processes that accompany stimulation and inhibition of HCl secretion, also involves highly selective events of protein incorporation and segregation. This manuscript describes several proteins that have been identified with the apical plasma membrane from maximally stimulated parietal cells, and broadly characterizes them either as permanent resident proteins of the apical membrane, or transient proteins that move into and out of the apical membrane as the cell progresses through the secretory cycle. A typical example of transient association with the apical membrane concerns the pump proteins, including the 94 kDa catalytic alpha-subunit of the H+K(+)-ATPase and its newly discovered beta-subunit glycoprotein, which move between tubulovesicles. Proteins that remain associated with the apical plasma membrane during rest and secretion include actin, and an 80-kDa phosphoprotein, which has been variously called 80 K, ezrin, p81 and cytovillin, and whose phosphorylation is increased by the histamine/cAMP pathway of parietal cell stimulation. An example of a cytosolic protein that becomes associated with the apical plasma membrane after stimulation is a 120-kDa protein, which appears to have protein kinase activity. Note that the identification, localization and characterization of the K+ and Cl- transport proteins, which participate in net HCl secretion, are of immediate importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Forte
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley
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50
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Lau SW, Chow D, Feldman S. Simultaneous determination of physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine in a transdermal permeation study by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1990; 526:87-95. [PMID: 2341548 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A selective and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with diazepam as the internal standard was developed for simultaneously analyzing physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine in skin samples, permeation diffusates and dosage form. Baseline resolution was achieved with an octadecyl column for physostigmine, its two degradation products and tetrahydroaminoacridine. Peak homogeneity of physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine was confirmed. The calibration curves for both drugs in skin samples were established at 1-50 micrograms per 200 mg skin. Those for diffusate samples were at 10-50 ng per 50 microliters for physostigmine and 30-150 ng per 50 microliters for tetrahydroaminoacridine. The assay was reproducible with within-day and between-day variations of 5-6 and 4-10%, respectively. Application of the assay for in vitro transdermal permeation study was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lau
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Houston, TX 77030
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