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Ansari MM, Ghosh M, Lee DS, Son YO. Senolytic therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102275. [PMID: 38494091 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting millions of people aged over 65 years, is the main musculoskeletal cause of diminished joint mobility in the elderly. It is characterized by lingering pain and increasing deterioration of articular cartilage. Aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) in the joints are frequently associated with OA. Apoptosis resistance; irreversible cell cycle arrest; increased p16INK4a expression, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase levels, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; and mitochondrial dysregulation are some common changes in cellular senescence in joint tissues. Development of OA correlates with an increase in the density of SCs in joint tissues. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype has been linked to OA and cartilage breakdown. Senolytics and therapeutic pharmaceuticals are being focused upon for OA management. SCs can be selectively eliminated or killed by senolytics to halt the pathogenesis and progression of OA. Comprehensive understanding of how aging affects joint dysfunction will benefit OA patients. Here, we discuss age-related mechanisms associated with OA pathogenesis and senolytics as an emerging modality in the management of age-related SCs and pathogenesis of OA in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Meraj Ansari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Becken S, Miller G, Lee DS, Mackey B. The scientific basis of 'net zero emissions' and its diverging sociopolitical representation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170725. [PMID: 38325471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Net Zero Emissions (NZE) concept has created momentum for climate commitment made by national governments, cities, industries and individual companies. However, evidence of tangible decarbonisation is limited. Here we identify precarious differences between the scientific origin of NZE and its social representation in the wider public and explore the consequences of the resulting science-action gap for achieving global climate goals. A particular focus is given to 'offsetting', which is closely connected to the practical delivery of NZE but typically ignores that different types or carbon credits have different environmental efficacy. Revisiting the science related to the global carbon cycle demonstrates that a heavy reliance on any carbon offsetting that is not a permanent removal presents a real risk. Moreover, competition over scarce 'removal credits' distracts from the real tasks at hand, namely to rapidly decrease fossil fuel emissions, actively remove carbon through restoration, and protect existing terrestrial carbon sinks. Establishing separate targets for these distinct actions is an essential step towards disentangling current confusion. Whilst a 'race to net zero' may trigger innovation in the decarbonisation space, the restoration and protection of carbon sinks demands a collective approach where actors should focus on how to make real and verifiable contributions rather than claiming individual net zero scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Becken
- Griffith Institute for Tourism, Griffith University, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - G Miller
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - D S Lee
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom.
| | - B Mackey
- Climate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Qld 4222, Australia.
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Kim IK, Lee CS, Bae JH, Han SR, Alshalawi W, Kim BC, Lee IK, Lee DS, Lee YS. Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic low anterior resection using ArtiSential ® versus robotic approach in patients with rectal cancer: a propensity score matching analysis. Tech Coloproctol 2024; 28:25. [PMID: 38231341 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision using conventional straight fixed devices may be technically difficult because of the narrow and concave pelvis. Several laparoscopic articulating tools have been introduced as an alternative to robotic systems. The aim of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic low anterior resection using ArtiSential® and robot-assisted surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included 682 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer from September 2018 to December 2021. Among them, 82 underwent laparoscopic surgery using ArtiSential® (group A) and 201 underwent robotic surgery (group B). A total of 73 [group A; 66.37 ± 11.62; group B 65.79 ± 11.34] patients were selected for each group using a propensity score matching analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between group A and B. Mean operative time was longer in group B than A (163.5 ± 61.9 vs 250.1 ± 77.6 min, p < 0.001). Mean length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the two groups (6.2 ± 4.7 vs 6.7 ± 6.1 days, p = 0.617). Postoperative complications, reoperation, and readmission within 30 days after surgery were similar between the two groups. Pathological findings revealed that the circumferential resection margins were above 10 mm in both groups (11.00 ± 7.47 vs 10.17 ± 6.25 mm, p = 0.960). At least 12 lymph nodes were sufficiently harvested, with no significant difference in the number harvested between the groups (20.5 ± 9.9 vs 19.7 ± 7.3, p = 0.753). CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic low anterior resection using ArtiSential® can achieve acceptable clinical and oncologic outcomes. ArtiSential®, a multi-joint and articulating device, may serve a feasible alternative approach to robotic surgery in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Lee
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hansol Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Bae
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S R Han
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Alshalawi
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B C Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I K Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Suminda GGD, Min Y, Ha MW, Ghosh M, Lee DS, Son YO. In vitro and in vivo investigations on arsenic-induced cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132570. [PMID: 37742380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals found in the environment, including arsenic (As) pose significant risks to human health and present a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). This study researched the impact of As on cartilage degeneration by focusing on the role of As in causing OA in mice. We employed chemical inhibition and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses to identify the effect of As on chondrocytes as well as studying its accumulation in organs after oral administration in mice. Additionally, the study examined the effect of intra-articular As treatment on the levels of crucial catabolic factors, namely Hif-2α (Epas1) and Zip8 (Slc39a8), during OA progression. Mice that were administered As orally in conjunction with surgically induced joint instability, had heightened cartilage destruction compared to wild-type mice. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in Hif-2α and Zip8 mRNA expression (p = 0.0352,0.0004 respectively) and protein expression (p = 0.0101,0.008 respectively) post oral administration. Our findings illustrated the role of As in influencing crucial cellular functions that are triggered by reactive oxygen species. These events consequently activate the Akt/Hif-2α/NF-κB pathways, leading to disruptions in articular cartilage homeostasis. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of As on the development of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Ha
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalin-gam Academy of Research and Educational, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Park JH, Kawakami K, Ishimoto N, Ikuta T, Ohki M, Ekimoto T, Ikeguchi M, Lee DS, Lee YH, Tame JRH, Inoue A, Park SY. Structural basis for ligand recognition and signaling of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7150. [PMID: 37932263 PMCID: PMC10628104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3) transduce Gi/o signaling upon biding to molecules such as lactic acid, butyric acid and 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, which are associated with lipolytic and atherogenic activity, and neuroinflammation. Although many reports have elucidated the function of HCAR2 and its potential as a therapeutic target for treating not only dyslipidemia but also neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, the structural basis of ligand recognition and ligand-induced Gi-coupling remains unclear. Here we report three cryo-EM structures of the human HCAR2-Gi signaling complex, each bound with different ligands: niacin, acipimox or GSK256073. All three agonists are held in a deep pocket lined by residues that are not conserved in HCAR1 and HCAR3. A distinct hairpin loop at the HCAR2 N-terminus and extra-cellular loop 2 (ECL2) completely enclose the ligand. These structures also reveal the agonist-induced conformational changes propagated to the G-protein-coupling interface during activation. Collectively, the structures presented here are expected to help in the design of ligands specific for HCAR2, leading to new drugs for the treatment of various diseases such as dyslipidemia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naito Ishimoto
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mio Ohki
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toru Ekimoto
- Computational Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Computational Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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Kim SL, Choi HS, Lee DS. BRD4/nuclear PD-L1/RelB circuit is involved in the stemness of breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:315. [PMID: 37924094 PMCID: PMC10623882 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. BC stem cells (BCSCs) have been known to be involved in the carcinogenesis of the breast and contribute to therapeutic resistance. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of BC correlated with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapies that target PD-L1 have great potential and have been successful when applied to cancer treatment. However, whether PD-L1 regulates BCSC formation is unknown. METHODS BCSCs were enriched by serum-free suspension culture. The properties of BCSCs were examined by mammosphere formation assay, CD44+/Cd24-, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) assay, CSC marker analysis, and mammosphere growth assay. To elucidate the functions of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), nuclear PD-L1, and RelB proteins in the stemness of BCSCs, mammosphere formation was examined using BRD4 inhibitor and degrader, PD-L1 degrader, and RelB inhibitor. The antitumor function of 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone (THF), a specific BRD4 inhibitor, was studied through in vivo tumor model and mouse studies, and the protein levels of c-Myc, PD-L1, and RelB were examined in tumor model under THF treatment. RESULTS BRD4 was upregulated in breast CSCs and regulates the stemness of BCs. The downregulation of BRD4 using BRD4 PROTAC, ARV-825, and BRD4 inhibitor, (+)-JQ1, inhibits mammosphere formation and reduces the levels of breast CSC markers (CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1), stem cell marker genes, and mammosphere growth. BRD4 inhibitor (JQ1) and degrader (ARV825) downregulate membrane and nuclear fractions of PD-L1 through the inhibition of PD-L1 transcript levels. The knockdown of PD-L1 inhibits mammosphere formation. Verteporfin, a PD-L1 degrader, inhibits the transcripts and protein levels of PD-L1 and downregulates the transcript and protein levels of RelB. Calcitriol, a RelB inhibitor, and the knockdown of RelB using si-RelB regulate mammosphere formation through interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. THF is a natural product and a potent selective BRD4 inhibitor, inhibits mammosphere formation, and reduces the levels of CD44+/CD24- and mammosphere growth by downregulating c-Myc, PD-L1, and RelB. 3',4',7,8-THF shows tumoricidal activity and increased levels of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cells in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in the murine tumor model using 4T1 and MC38 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results show the first evidence of the essential role of the BRD4/nuclear PD-L1/RelB axis in breast CSC formation. The nuclear PD-L1 regulates RelB, and the RelB/p65 complex induces IL6 and breast CSC formation. Targeting nuclear PD-L1 represents a potential and novel tool for immunotherapies of intractable BC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lim Kim
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program for Bio-health/Innovative Drug Development using Subtropical Bio-Resources, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program for Bio-health/Innovative Drug Development using Subtropical Bio-Resources, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Kim D, Min Y, Suminda GGD, Hur CG, Lee SC, Lee HK, Song KD, Heo J, Son YO, Lee DS. Bacillus-supplemented diet improves growth performance in Jeju native pigs by modulating myogenesis and adipogenesis. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1763-1775. [PMID: 35311492 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2047996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are used in pigs as nutritional supplements to improve health and induce the development of muscle and adipose tissue for enhancing growth performance and harvesting quality meat. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bacillus-based probiotic supplementation on the physiological and biochemical changes in Jeju native pigs (JNPs), including growth performance, backfat layers, blood parameters, serum IgG levels, myogenic and adipogenic markers, and expression of inflammatory markers. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher in the Bacillus diet group than in the basal diet group, while backfat thickness was lower in the Bacillus diet group than in the basal diet group. Blood biochemical parameters and hematological profiles were not altered significantly by Bacillus-based probiotic supplementation. Serum IgG concentration increased in the Bacillus diet group compared to the basal diet group. The Bacillus diet group showed increased adipogenic and myogenic markers expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissues. Overall, the data suggest that the Bacillus-based probiotics-supplemented diet regulates myogenesis and adipogenesis in JNPs and improves growth performance. We postulate that this may be due to the changes in the gut microbiota of pigs due to probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Division of Animal Genetics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Godagama Gamaarachchige Dinesh Suminda
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Hur
- Cronex Co, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Lee
- Cronex Co, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Jang BS, Lee DS. Association between Gut Microbial Change and Acute Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Patients with Prostate Cancer Receiving Definitive Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Pilot Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e403. [PMID: 37785345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The gut microbiome is an emerging biomarker that is known to have a pivotal role in the development of diverse human diseases. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between gut microbial changes and acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities in prostate cancer patients receiving definitive radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS/METHODS Seventy-nine fecal samples from 16 prostate cancer patients were analyzed. Stool samples were collected at the following timepoints: pre-RT (prRT), 2 weeks after the start of RT (RT-2w), 5 weeks after the start of RT (RT-5w), 1 month after completion of RT (poRT-1m), and 3 months after completion of RT (poRT-3m). Total RT doses were 69.6‒74.4 Gy at 2.4 Gy per fraction in the high-dose area and 45‒50.4 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction in the low-dose area. Alpha- and beta-diversity were estimated. We computed the microbial community polarization index (MCPI) as an indicator of RT-induced dysbiosis. A linear mixed effect model was adopted to evaluate time effects after RT. Metabolic pathway abundances were inferred using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Seven patients experienced ≥ grade 1 acute GI toxicities. Patients experiencing toxicity had lower alpha diversity, especially at RT-2w (P = 0.037) and RT-5w (P = 0.003), with the microbiota enriched in Fusobacteria, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis. Patients receiving a large RT field had a trend of lower alpha diversity, particularly at poRT-1m (P = 0.027), with the microbiota enriched in Propionibacteriaceae, Cutibacterium, and Prevotella stercorea. Compared with the MCPI at prRT, the MCPI observed at poRT-1m in patients experiencing toxicities was significantly elevated (P = 0.007). In terms of predicted metabolic pathways, we found linearly decreasing pathways, including carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (P = 0.035) and the bacterial secretion system (P = 0.005), in patients who experienced toxicities. Regarding the RT field, no linear trend of functional pathways was found across timepoints. CONCLUSION We showed RT-induced dysbiosis in the gut microbiome among patients with prostate cancer who experienced toxicities or received a large RT field. Reduced diversity and elevated RT-related MCPI could be helpful for developing individualized RT approaches. Longitudinal analysis revealed dynamic changes in several microbes and metabolic pathways, which should be validated in a whole metagenome sequencing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D S Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Park J, Son J, Park SK, Lee DS, Jeon D. Two-dimensional material-based complementary ambipolar field-effect transistors with ohmic-like contacts. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37146599 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acd2e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) possessing both electron and hole carriers enable implementation of novel reconfigurable transistors, artificial synaptic transistors, and output polarity controllable (OPC) amplifiers. Here, we fabricated a two-dimensional (2D) material-based complementary ambipolar FET and investigated its electrical characteristics. Properties of ohmic-like contacts at source/drain sides were verified from output characteristics and temperature-dependent measurements. The symmetry of electron and hole currents can be easily achieved by optimization of the MoS2 or WSe2 channels, different from the conventional ambipolar FET with fundamental issues related to Schottky barriers. In addition, we demonstrated successful operation of a complementary inverter and OPC amplifier, using the fabricated complementary ambipolar FET based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk branch, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jangyup Son
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk branch, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sang Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk branch, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - D S Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk branch, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Daeyoung Jeon
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk branch, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea (the Republic of)
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10
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Ko YC, Choi HS, Kim SL, Lee DS. 13-Oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic Acid Down-regulates c-Myc and Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Stemness. In Vivo 2023; 37:1085-1092. [PMID: 37103085 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are involved in the development of breast cancer and contribute to therapeutic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer stem cell (CSC) mechanism of 13-Oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-Oxo-ODE) as a potent CSC inhibitor in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of 13-Oxo-ODE on BCSCs were evaluated using a mammosphere formation assay, CD44high/CD24low analysis, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) assay, apoptosis assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting. RESULTS We found that 13-Oxo-ODE suppressed cell proliferation, CSC formation, and mammosphere proliferation and increased apoptosis of BCSCs. Additionally, 13-Oxo-ODE reduced the subpopulation of CD44high/CD24low cells and ALDH expression. Furthermore, 13-Oxo-ODE decreased c-myc gene expression. These results suggest that 13-Oxo-ODE has potential as a natural inhibitor targeting BCSCs through the degradation of c-Myc. CONCLUSION In summary, 13-Oxo-ODE induced CSC death possibly through reduced c-Myc expression, making it a promising natural inhibitor of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea;
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ko YC, Choi HS, Kim SL, Lee DS. Isophysalin A Inhibits the Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells Possibly via Stat3 and IL-6 Signaling. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:1091-1101. [PMID: 36854506 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are involved in carcinogenesis of the breast and contribute to therapeutic resistance. In the present study, we found that isophysalin A acts as a potent cancer stem cell inhibitor and investigated the anti-CSC mechanism of action of isophysalin A on breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of isophysalin A on BCSCs was examined using a mammosphere formation, a colony formation and a cell migration assay, as well as CD44 (Cluster of differentiation 44)high/CD24 (Cluster of differentiation 24)low analysis, an apoptosis assay, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and a cytokine profiling assay. RESULTS Isophysalin A inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, CSC formation, and mammosphere proliferation and increased BCSC apoptosis. The subpopulation of CD44high/CD24low was decreased by isophysalin A, which also reduced the DNA binding of Stat3 and the total and nuclear protein expression levels of Stat3 and phosphorylated Stat3. Furthermore, the mRNA and media IL-6/IL-8 levels of the mammosphere were also reduced by isophysalin A. CONCLUSION Isophysalin A inhibited the Stat3 and IL-6 signaling pathways and induced CSC death; thus, isophysalin A may be a potential natural inhibitor of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea;
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bugenyi AW, Lee MR, Choi YJ, Song KD, Lee HK, Son YO, Lee DS, Lee SC, Son YJ, Heo J. Oropharyngeal, proximal colonic, and vaginal microbiomes of healthy Korean native black pig gilts. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36600197 PMCID: PMC9814203 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the microbiome in multiple body sites of a livestock species informs approaches to promote its health and performance through efficient and sustainable modulation of these microbial ecosystems. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the microbiome in the oropharyngeal cavity, proximal colon, and vaginal tract of Jeju Black pigs (JBP), which are native to the Korean peninsula. RESULTS We sampled nine 7-month-old JBP gilts raised under controlled conditions. The most abundant phyla that we found within the oropharyngeal microbiota were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes, collectively providing core features from twenty-five of their genera. We also found a proximal colonic microbial core composed of features from twenty of the genera of the two predominant phyla, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Remarkably, within the JBP vaginal microbiota, Bacteroidetes dominated at phylum level, contrary to previous reports regarding other pig breeds. Features of the JBP core vaginal microbiota, came from seventeen genera of the major phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Although these communities were distinct, we found some commonalities amongst them. Features from the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Bacillus and an unclassified genus of the family Ruminococcaceae were ubiquitous across the three body sites. Comparing oropharyngeal and proximal colonic communities, we found additional shared features from the genus Anaerorhabdus. Between oropharyngeal and vaginal ecosystems, we found other shared features from the genus Campylobacter, as well as unclassified genera from the families Fusobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Proximal colonic and vaginal microbiota also shared features from the genera Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and an unclassified genus of Clostridiales. CONCLUSIONS Our results delineate unique and ubiquitous features within and across the oropharyngeal, proximal colonic and vaginal microbial communities in this Korean native breed of pigs. These findings provide a reference for future microbiome-focused studies and suggest a potential for modulating these communities, utilizing ubiquitous features, to enhance health and performance of the JBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wange Bugenyi
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.463387.d0000 0001 2229 1011National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ma-Ro Lee
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea ,grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea ,grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jaeyoung Heo
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
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13
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Yu JB, Lee DS, Padanilam BJ, Kim J. Repeated Administration of Cisplatin Transforms Kidney Fibroblasts through G2/M Arrest and Cellular Senescence. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213472. [PMID: 36359868 PMCID: PMC9655665 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic used for the treatment of many types of cancer, but it has nephrotoxic side effects leading to acute kidney injury and subsequently chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous work has focused on acute kidney tubular injury induced by cisplatin, whereas the chronic sequelae post-injury has not been well-explored. In the present study, we established a kidney fibroblast model of CKD induced by repeated administration of cisplatin (RAC) as a clinically relevant model. In NRK-49F rat kidney fibroblasts, RAC upregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin proteins, suggesting that RAC induces kidney fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation. RAC also enhanced cell size, including the cell attachment surface area, nuclear area, and cell volume. Furthermore, RAC induced p21 expression and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, suggesting that kidney fibroblasts exposed to RAC develop a senescent phenotype. Inhibition of p21 reduced cellular senescence, hypertrophy, and myofibroblast transformation induced by RAC. Intriguingly, after RAC, kidney fibroblasts were arrested at the G2/M phase. Repeated treatment with paclitaxel as an inducer of G2/M arrest upregulated p21, α-SMA, and fibronectin in the kidney fibroblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that RAC transforms kidney fibroblasts into myofibroblasts through G2/M arrest and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Yu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Babu J. Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (B.J.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinu Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.P.); (J.K.)
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Jung J, Bugenyi AW, Lee MR, Choi YJ, Song KD, Lee HK, Son YO, Lee DS, Lee SC, Son YJ, Heo J. High-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from proximal colonic microbiomes of synbiotic-treated korean native black pigs reveal changes in functional capacity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14595. [PMID: 36109557 PMCID: PMC9478101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotics are feed supplements with the potential to promote health and productivity in pigs partly, through modulation of the intestinal microbiome. Our study used shotgun sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques to characterize the effect of a synbiotic containing three Lactobacillus species and a fructo-oligosaccharide on the proximal colonic microbiome of 4- to 7-month-old Korean native black gilts. With shotgun sequencing we constructed unique metagenome-assembled genomes of gut microbiota in Native Black Pig for the first time, which we then used for downstream analysis. Results showed that synbiotic treatment did not alter microbial diversity and evenness within the proximal colons, but altered composition of some members of the Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae and Streptococcaceae families. Functional analysis of the shotgun sequence data revealed 8 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) that were differentially represented in the proximal colonic microbiomes of synbiotic-treated Jeju black pigs relative to controls. In conclusion, our results show that administering this synbiotic causes changes in the functional capacity of the proximal colonic microbiome of the Korean native black pig. This study improves our understanding of the potential impact of synbiotics on the colonic microbiome of Korean native black pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Jung
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, 26 Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew W Bugenyi
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ma-Ro Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kim JH, Choi HS, Lee DS. Primaquine Inhibits the Endosomal Trafficking and Nuclear Localization of EGFR and Induces the Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells by Nuclear EGFR/Stat3-Mediated c-Myc Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312961. [PMID: 34884765 PMCID: PMC8657416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) drives resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and is correlated with poor survival in breast cancer. Inhibition of EGFR nuclear translocation may be a reasonable approach for the treatment of TNBC. The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine and primaquine have been shown to promote an anticancer effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of chloroquine- and primaquine-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. We showed that primaquine, a malaria drug, inhibits the growth, migration, and colony formation of breast cancer cells in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Primaquine induces damage to early endosomes and inhibits the nuclear translocation of EGFR. Primaquine inhibits the interaction of Stat3 and nEGFR and reduces the transcript and protein levels of c-Myc. Moreover, primaquine and chloroquine induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells through c-Myc/Bcl-2 downregulation, induce early endosome damage and reduce nEGFR levels, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer through nEGFR/Stat3-dependent c-Myc downregulation. Our study of primaquine and chloroquine provides a rationale for targeting EGFR signaling components in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hack-Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kim SL, Choi HS, Ko YC, Yun BS, Lee DS. 5-Hydroxymaltol Derived from Beetroot Juice through Lactobacillus Fermentation Suppresses Inflammatory Effect and Oxidant Stress via Regulating NF-kB, MAPKs Pathway and NRF2/HO-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081324. [PMID: 34439571 PMCID: PMC8389248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the first response of the immune system against bacterial pathogens. This study isolated and examined an antioxidant derived from Lactobacillus fermentation products using cultured media with 1% beet powder. The antioxidant activity of the beet culture media was significantly high. Antioxidant activity-guided purification and repeated sample isolation yielded an isolated compound, which was identified as 5-hydoxymaltol using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. We examined the mechanism of its protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of macrophages. 5-Hydroxymaltol suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It also suppressed tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the messenger RNA and protein levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, 5-hydroxymaltol reduced LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 expression. Overall, this study found that 5-hydroxymaltol has anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production depending on the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, inhibition of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase induction, and induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that 5-hydroxymaltol may be an effective compound for treating inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Faculty of Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ko YC, Choi HS, Liu R, Lee DS. Physalin A, 13,14-Seco-16, 24-Cyclo-Steroid, Inhibits Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway and Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168718. [PMID: 34445421 PMCID: PMC8395918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development and adult organ homeostasis. Aberrant activity of the Hedgehog signaling pathway induces many developmental disorders and cancers. Recent studies have investigated the relationship of this pathway with various cancers. GPCR-like protein Smoothened (SMO) and the glioma-associated oncogene (GLI1) are the main effectors of Hedgehog signaling. Physalin A, a bioactive substance derived from Physalis alkekengi, inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and mammospheres formation. Physalin A-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition of mammospheres, and reduced transcripts of cancer stem cell (CSC) marker genes. Physalin A reduced protein expressions of SMO and GLI1/2. Down-regulation of SMO and GLI1 using siRNA inhibited mammosphere formation. Physalin A reduced mammosphere formation by reducing GLI1 gene expression. Down-regulation of GLI1 reduced CSC marker genes. Physalin A reduced protein level of YAP1. Down-regulation of YAP1 using siRNA inhibited mammosphere formation. Physalin A reduced mammosphere formation through reduction of YAP1 gene expression. Down-regulation of YAP1 reduced CSC marker genes. We showed that treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with GLI1 siRNA induced inhibition of mammosphere formation and down-regulation of YAP1, a Hippo pathway effector. These results show that Hippo signaling is regulated by the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Physalin A also inhibits the canonical Hedgehog and Hippo signaling pathways, CSC-specific genes, and the formation of mammospheres. These findings suggest that physalin A is a potential therapeutic agent for targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (R.L.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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18
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Liu R, Choi HS, Ko YC, Yun BS, Lee DS. 5-Desmethylsinensetin isolated from Artemisia princeps suppresses the stemness of breast cancer cells via Stat3/IL-6 and Stat3/YAP1 signaling. Life Sci 2021; 280:119729. [PMID: 34146553 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study 5-desmethylsinensetin exhibiting potential anticancer activity against breast cancer stem cells and the related molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS In this study, isolation of a cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitor of Artemisia princeps was performed using a silica gel column, a Sephadex gel column, and high-performance liquid chromatography. A single compound was purified via activity-based isolation using mammosphere formation assays. An MTS was used to examine the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and cancer stem cell markers. Western blotting was used to detect the signaling pathway. RESULTS The isolated compound was identified as 5-desmethylsinensetin using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. 5-Desmethylsinensetin suppresses the proliferation and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells, reduces the subpopulations of CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1+ cancer cells, and reduces the transcription of the stemness markers Oct4, c-Myc, Nanog and CD44 in Breast CSCs. 5-Desmethylsinensetin inhibits the total and nuclear expression of Stat3 and p-Stat3, as well as the translocation of YAP1. Additionally, 5-desmethylsinensetin reduces the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6. CONCLUSION Our results show that 5-desmethylsinensetin exhibits potential anticancer activity against breast cancer stem cells via Stat3-IL-6 and Stat3-YAP1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Koh H, Sun HN, Xing Z, Liu R, Chandimali N, Kwon T, Lee DS. Wogonin Influences Osteosarcoma Stem Cell Stemness Through ROS-dependent Signaling. In Vivo 2021; 34:1077-1084. [PMID: 32354895 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Backgorund/Aim: Wogonin, a flavonoid-like compound extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to have anticancer effects against cancer cells. Osteosarcoma is the most malignant type of bone cancer and can appear in any bone, with a high propensity for relapse and metastasis. The present study aimed to assess the anticancer effects of wogonin on osteosarcoma stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effects of wogonin on CD133+ Cal72 osteosarcoma stem cells were assessed through in vitro experiments by MTT assay, transwell assay, sphere-formation assay, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Wogonin suppressed stem cell characteristics and the expression of stem cell-related genes by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and ROS-related signaling of CD133+ Cal72 cells, effects which were reversed by ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION Wogonin may be a promising candidate for successful clinical management of osteosarcoma by regulating ROS-related mechanisms and stem cell-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Koh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea .,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee DS, Fahey DW, Skowron A, Allen MR, Burkhardt U, Chen Q, Doherty SJ, Freeman S, Forster PM, Fuglestvedt J, Gettelman A, De León RR, Lim LL, Lund MT, Millar RJ, Owen B, Penner JE, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Sausen R, Wilcox LJ. The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018. Atmos Environ (1994) 2021; 244:117834. [PMID: 32895604 PMCID: PMC7468346 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Global aviation operations contribute to anthropogenic climate change via a complex set of processes that lead to a net surface warming. Of importance are aviation emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapor, soot and sulfate aerosols, and increased cloudiness due to contrail formation. Aviation grew strongly over the past decades (1960-2018) in terms of activity, with revenue passenger kilometers increasing from 109 to 8269 billion km yr-1, and in terms of climate change impacts, with CO2 emissions increasing by a factor of 6.8 to 1034 Tg CO2 yr-1. Over the period 2013-2018, the growth rates in both terms show a marked increase. Here, we present a new comprehensive and quantitative approach for evaluating aviation climate forcing terms. Both radiative forcing (RF) and effective radiative forcing (ERF) terms and their sums are calculated for the years 2000-2018. Contrail cirrus, consisting of linear contrails and the cirrus cloudiness arising from them, yields the largest positive net (warming) ERF term followed by CO2 and NOx emissions. The formation and emission of sulfate aerosol yields a negative (cooling) term. The mean contrail cirrus ERF/RF ratio of 0.42 indicates that contrail cirrus is less effective in surface warming than other terms. For 2018 the net aviation ERF is +100.9 milliwatts (mW) m-2 (5-95% likelihood range of (55, 145)) with major contributions from contrail cirrus (57.4 mW m-2), CO2 (34.3 mW m-2), and NOx (17.5 mW m-2). Non-CO2 terms sum to yield a net positive (warming) ERF that accounts for more than half (66%) of the aviation net ERF in 2018. Using normalization to aviation fuel use, the contribution of global aviation in 2011 was calculated to be 3.5 (4.0, 3.4) % of the net anthropogenic ERF of 2290 (1130, 3330) mW m-2. Uncertainty distributions (5%, 95%) show that non-CO2 forcing terms contribute about 8 times more than CO2 to the uncertainty in the aviation net ERF in 2018. The best estimates of the ERFs from aviation aerosol-cloud interactions for soot and sulfate remain undetermined. CO2-warming-equivalent emissions based on global warming potentials (GWP* method) indicate that aviation emissions are currently warming the climate at approximately three times the rate of that associated with aviation CO2 emissions alone. CO2 and NOx aviation emissions and cloud effects remain a continued focus of anthropogenic climate change research and policy discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lee
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - D W Fahey
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Skowron
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - M R Allen
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - U Burkhardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Q Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - S J Doherty
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Freeman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - P M Forster
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - J Fuglestvedt
- CICERO-Center for International Climate Research-Oslo, PO Box 1129, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Gettelman
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R R De León
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - L L Lim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - M T Lund
- CICERO-Center for International Climate Research-Oslo, PO Box 1129, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - R J Millar
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Committee on Climate Change, 151 Buckingham Palace Road, London, SW1W 9SZ, UK
| | - B Owen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - J E Penner
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2143, USA
| | - G Pitari
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M J Prather
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3329 Croul Hall, CA, 92697-3100, USA
| | - R Sausen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - L J Wilcox
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
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21
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Kim SL, Choi HS, Kim JH, Lee DS. The Antiasthma Medication Ciclesonide Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells through Inhibition of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling-Dependent YAP Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246028. [PMID: 33352739 PMCID: PMC7766992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciclesonide is an FDA-approved glucocorticoid used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, whether it has anticancer and anti-cancer stem cell (CSC) effects is unknown. This study focused on investigating the effect of ciclesonide on breast cancer and CSCs and determining its underlying mechanism. Here, we showed that ciclesonide inhibits breast cancer and CSC formation. Similar glucocorticoids-dexamethasone and prednisone-did not inhibit CSC formation. Ciclesonide-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) degradation was dependent on ubiquitination. We showed via GR small interfering RNA (siRNA) that GR plays an important role in CSC formation. We showed via western blot and immunofluorescence assays that ciclesonide reduces the nuclear level of GR. The GR antagonist RU-486 also inhibited CSC formation. Ciclesonide reduced the protein level of the Hippo transducer Yes-associated protein (YAP). GR siRNA induced a decrease in YAP protein expression and inhibited mammosphere formation. The YAP inhibitor verteporfin inhibited CSC formation and transcription of the connective tissue growth factor and cysteine-rich protein 61 genes. The GR/YAP1 pathway regulated breast CSC formation. We showed that the GR/YAP signaling pathway regulates breast CSC formation and revealed a new approach for targeting GR and YAP to inhibit CSC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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22
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Choi HS, Kim SL, Kim JH, Ko YC, Lee DS. Plant Volatile, Phenylacetaldehyde Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cell by Induction of ROS and Regulation of Stat3 Signal. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111119. [PMID: 33202749 PMCID: PMC7697623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are undifferentiated cells that give rise to tumor and resistance to chemotherapy. This study reports that phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), a flower flavor, inhibits formation on breast CSCs. PAA showed anti-proliferation and increased apoptosis of breast cancer. PAA also reduced tumor growth in an in vivo mice model. PAA reduced the CD44+/CD24− and ALDH1-expressing cells, mammosphere formation, and CSC marker genes. PAA preferentially induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and combined treatment with PAA and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) decreased inhibition of mammosphere formation. PAA reduced phosphorylation of nuclear Stat3. PAA inhibited Stat3 signaling through de-phosphorylation of Stat3 and reduced secretory IL-6. Our results suggest that the PAA-induced ROS deregulated Stat3/IL-6 pathway and PAA may be a potential agent targeting breast cancer and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-C.K.)
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-C.K.)
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-C.K.)
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-C.K.)
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3340; Fax: +82-64-751-3780
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23
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Zhen X, Sun HN, Liu R, Choi HS, Lee DS. Non-thermal Plasma-activated Medium Induces Apoptosis of Aspc1 Cells Through the ROS-dependent Autophagy Pathway. In Vivo 2020; 34:143-153. [PMID: 31882473 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Numerous studies on various cancer cell lines have reported that direct exposure to non-thermal plasma treatment using plasma-activated medium (PAM) can be applied as a novel technology for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PAM on Aspc1 pancreatic cancer cells and the mechanisms responsible for the cell death observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A colony-formation, sphere-formation, wound-healing and transwell assays, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis were used monitor effects of PAM. RESULTS PAM induced a greater cytotoxic effect in pancreatic cancer cells compared to that induced in NIH3T3 cells and 293T cells, and significantly inhibited colony and sphere formation, and cell migration of Aspc1 cells. Furthermore, PAM treatment increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in Aspc1 cells. In addition, PAM treatment down-regulated the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway and induced ROS-dependent cellular autophagy. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PAM can induce apoptosis of Aspc1 cells through ROS-dependent autophagy and may be a candidate for use in pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea .,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhen X, Choi HS, Kim JH, Kim SL, Liu R, Yun BS, Lee DS. Machilin D, a Lignin Derived from Saururus chinensis, Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Inhibits NF-κB Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020245. [PMID: 32033472 PMCID: PMC7072518 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are responsible for breast cancer initiation, metastasis, and relapse. Targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) using phytochemicals is a good strategy for the treatment of cancer. A silica gel, a reversed-phase C18 column (ODS), a Sephadex LH-20 gel, thin layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for compound isolation from Saururus chinensis extracts. The isolated compound was identified as machilin D by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Machilin D inhibited the growth and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Machilin D reduced the proportions of CD44+/CD24- and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-positive cells. Furthermore, this compound reduced the nuclear localization of the NF-κB protein and decreased the IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in mammospheres. These results suggest that machilin D blocks IL-6 and IL-8 signaling and induces CSC death and thus may be a potential agent targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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25
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Choi HS, Kim SL, Kim JH, Lee DS. The FDA-Approved Anti-Asthma Medicine Ciclesonide Inhibits Lung Cancer Stem Cells through Hedgehog Signaling-Mediated SOX2 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031014. [PMID: 32033067 PMCID: PMC7038186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciclesonide is an FDA-approved glucocorticoid (GC) used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, its effects on cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unknown. Our study focuses on investigating the inhibitory effect of ciclesonide on lung cancer and CSCs and its underlying mechanism. In this study, we showed that ciclesonide inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells and the growth of CSCs. Similar glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisone, do not inhibit CSC formation. We show that ciclesonide is important for CSC formation through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Ciclesonide reduces the protein levels of GL1, GL2, and Smoothened (SMO), and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting SMO inhibits tumorsphere formation. Additionally, ciclesonide reduces the transcript and protein levels of SOX2, and an siRNA targeting SOX2 inhibits tumorsphere formation. To regulate breast CSC formation, ciclesonide regulates GL1, GL2, SMO, and SOX2. Our results unveil a novel mechanism involving Hedgehog signaling and SOX2 regulated by ciclesonide in lung CSCs, and also open up the possibility of targeting Hedgehog signaling and SOX2 to prevent lung CSC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3340
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Yadav HM, Ghodake GS, Kim DY, Ramesh S, Maile NC, Lee DS, Shinde SK. Nanorods to hexagonal nanosheets of CuO-doped manganese oxide nanostructures for higher electrochemical supercapacitor performance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110500. [PMID: 31541889 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the extraordinary properties of CuO addition on the morphology and supercapacitive performance of Mn2O3 electrodes were demonstrated. Concisely, CuO/Mn2O3 thin films were prepared by an easy and inexpensive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The prepared thin films were characterized by various sophisticated physiochemical systems. The results demonstrated formation of Mn2O3 thin films with noteworthy morphological alteration upon introduction of CuO. Furthermore, a significant effect of CuO introduction was observed on the electrocatalytic properties of the nanostructured Mn2O3 electrodes. At 3% CuO doping, the Mn2O3 electrodes displayed the maximum specific capacitance owing to formation of nanoplate-like structures. The enhanced specific capacitance attained for 3% CuO doping in the Mn2O3 electrode was 500 F/g at 5 mV/s in a 3 M KOH electrolyte. All results confirmed the plausible potential of the CuO/Mn2O3 electrode for supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Yadav
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 04620, South Korea
| | - G S Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Siksa-dong, 10326, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - D-Y Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Siksa-dong, 10326, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sivalingam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University -Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - N C Maile
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - D S Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - S K Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Siksa-dong, 10326, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Chandimali N, Sun HN, Kong LZ, Zhen X, Liu R, Kwon T, Lee DS. Shikonin-induced Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells Is Reduced by Peroxiredoxin V Expression. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:6115-6123. [PMID: 31704839 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colon cancer is the second most common deadliest malignancy in the world and better understanding of its underlying mechanisms is needed to improve clinical management. Natural plant extracts are gaining attention in the development of new therapeutic strategies against various cancer types. Shikonin is a naturally extracted naphthoquinone pigment with effects against cancer, including colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments to show the effects of Shikonin on colon cancer cell apoptosis. A colon cancer cell line with overexpression of peroxiredoxin V (PrxV) was constructed and the relationship of PrxV expression with Shikonin-induced cell apoptosis was investigated. RESULTS Shikonin induced colon cancer cell apoptosis via regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Shikonin-induced cell apoptosis was abrogated by overexpression of PrxV. CONCLUSION According to the results obtained in this study, targeting PrxV may provide new insight for the successful management of colon cancer by inducing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisansala Chandimali
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Zu Kong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Zhen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea .,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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de Mestral C, Hsu AT, Talarico R, Lee DS, Hussain MA, Salata K, Al-Omran M, Tanuseputro P. End-of-life care following leg amputation in patients with peripheral artery disease or diabetes. Br J Surg 2019; 107:64-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to characterize end-of-life care in patients who have had a leg amputated for peripheral artery disease (PAD) or diabetes.
Methods
This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of patients with PAD or diabetes who died in Ontario, Canada, between 2011 and 2017. Those who had a leg amputation within 3 years of death were compared with a control cohort of deceased patients with PAD or diabetes, but without leg amputation. The patients were identified from linked health records within the single-payer healthcare system. Place and cause of death, as well as health services and costs within 90 days of death, were compared between the amputee and control cohorts. Among amputees, multivariable regression models were used to characterize the association between receipt of home palliative care and in-hospital death, as well as time spent in hospital at the end of life.
Results
Compared with 213 300 controls, 3113 amputees were less likely to die at home (15·5 versus 24·9 per cent; P < 0·001) and spent a greater number of their last 90 days of life in hospital (median 19 versus 8 days; P < 0·001). Amputees also had higher end-of-life healthcare costs across all sectors. However, receipt of palliative care was less frequent among amputees than controls (inpatient: 13·4 versus 16·8 per cent, P < 0·001; home: 14·5 versus 23·8 per cent, P < 0·001). Among amputees, receipt of home palliative care was associated with a lower likelihood of in-hospital death (odds ratio 0·49, 95 per cent c.i. 0·40 to 0·60) and fewer days in hospital (rate ratio 0·84, 0·76 to 0·93).
Conclusion
Palliative care is underused after amputation in patients with PAD or diabetes, and could contribute to reducing in-hospital death and time spent in hospital at the end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Mestral
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A T Hsu
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - D S Lee
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M A Hussain
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Salata
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Al-Omran
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P Tanuseputro
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Kim JH, Choi HS, Kim SL, Lee DS. The PAK1-Stat3 Signaling Pathway Activates IL-6 Gene Transcription and Human Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101527. [PMID: 31658701 PMCID: PMC6826853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have unique properties, including self-renewal, differentiation, and chemoresistance. In this study, we found that p21-activated kinase (PAK1) inhibitor (Group I, PAK inhibitor, IPA-3) and inactivator (ivermectin) treatments inhibit cell proliferation and that tumor growth of PAK1-knockout cells in a mouse model is significantly reduced. IPA-3 and ivermectin inhibit CSC formation. PAK1 physically interacts with Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), and JAK2 inhibitor (TG101209) treatment inhibits mammosphere formation and reduces the nuclear PAK1 protein level. PAK1 interacts with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), and PAK1 and Stat3 colocalize in the nucleus. We show through electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and reporter assays that the PAK1/Stat3 complex binds to the IL-6 promoter and regulates the transcription of the IL-6 gene. Inhibition of PAK1 and JAK2 in mammospheres reduces the nuclear pStat3 and extracellular IL-6 levels. PAK1 inactivation inhibits CSC formation by decreasing pStat3 and extracellular IL-6 levels. Our results reveal that JAK2/PAK1 dysregulation inhibits the Stat3 signaling pathway and CSC formation, the PAK1/Stat3 complex regulates IL-6 gene expression, PAK1/Stat3 signaling regulates CSC formation, and PAK1 may be an important target for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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30
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Hoang-Kim A, Parpia C, Freitas C, Austin PC, Ross HJ, Wijeysundera HC, Tu K, Mak S, Farkouh ME, Schull M, Rochon P, Mason R, Lee DS. P3518Men with heart failure have higher readmission rates: a closer review of sex and gender based analyses. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There has been increased attention on reducing hospital readmission rates. However, little is known about any difference in readmission rates in heart failure by sex, although evidence exists demonstrating differences in the etiology of heart failure. As a result, strategies to optimize readmission reduction programs and care strategies for women and men remain unclear.
Purpose
(1) To identify studies examining readmission rates according to sex, and (2) to provide a qualitative overview of possible considerations for the impact of sex or gender.
Methods
A scoping protocol was developed using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Our search strategy was reviewed according to the peer-review of electronic search strategy (PRESS) checklist. Full text articles published between 2002 and 2017 and drawn from multiple databases (i.e. MEDLINE, EMBASE), grey literature (i.e. National Technical Information, Duck Duck Go), and experts were consulted for additional articles. Screening criteria were established a priori. Once an acceptable inter-rater agreement was established at 80% by two independent reviewers, articles were screened for potential eligibility. A descriptive analytical method was employed to chart primary research articles. Articles were considered relevant if the cohort consisted of adult heart failure patients who were readmitted after an index hospitalization and a sex/gender-based analysis was performed.
Results
The literature search yielded 5887 articles, of which 746 underwent full text assessment for eligibility. Of 164 eligible articles, 34 studies addressed the primary outcome, 103 studies considered sex differences as a secondary outcome and 25 studies included disaggregated data for sex but no subsequent interaction was reported. Good inter-rater agreement was reached: 83% for title and abstract screening; 88% for full text review; kappa: 0.69 (95% CI: 0.526–0.851). Twelve of 34 studies included for the primary outcome reported higher readmission rates for men compared to five studies reporting higher readmission rates for women. However, there were differential readmission rates that were dependent on duration of follow-up. Women were more likely to experience higher readmission rates than men when time to event was less than one year. Readmission rates for men were higher when follow-up was longer than one year.
Conclusion
Sex differences in readmission rates were dependent on follow up time. Most studies used composite outcomes and had short times to event, which may mask underlying effects of sex on readmission.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Ontario SPOR Support Unit
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Parpia
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Freitas
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - H J Ross
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - K Tu
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Mak
- Mount Sinai Hospital of the University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - P Rochon
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Mason
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - D S Lee
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Choi HS, Kim JH, Kim SL, Lee DS. Disruption of the NF-κB/IL-8 Signaling Axis by Sulconazole Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091007. [PMID: 31480284 PMCID: PMC6770215 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are tumor-initiating cells that possess the capacity for self-renewal. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for poor outcomes caused by therapeutic resistance. In our study, we found that sulconazole—an antifungal medicine in the imidazole class—inhibited cell proliferation, tumor growth, and CSC formation. This compound also reduced the frequency of cells expressing CSC markers (CD44high/CD24low) as well as the expression of another CSC marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and other self-renewal-related genes. Sulconazole inhibited mammosphere formation, reduced the protein level of nuclear NF-κB, and reduced extracellular IL-8 levels in mammospheres. Knocking down NF-κB expression using a p65-specific siRNA reduced CSC formation and secreted IL-8 levels in mammospheres. Sulconazole reduced nuclear NF-κB protein levels and secreted IL-8 levels in mammospheres. These new findings show that sulconazole blocks the NF-κB/IL-8 signaling pathway and CSC formation. NF-κB/IL-8 signaling is important for CSC formation and may be an important therapeutic target for BCSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack Sun Choi
- School of Biomaterials Sciences and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- School of Biomaterials Sciences and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- School of Biomaterials Sciences and Technology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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32
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Liu Y, Kwon T, Kim JS, Chandimali N, Jin YH, Gong YX, Xie DP, Han YH, Jin MH, Shen GN, Jeong DK, Lee DS, Cui YD, Sun HN. Peroxiredoxin V Reduces β-Lapachone-induced Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:3677-3686. [PMID: 31262894 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Peroxiredoxin (Prx) V has been known as an antioxidant enzyme which scavenges intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, Prx V has been shown to mediate cell apoptosis in various cancers. However, the mechanism of Prx V-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells remains unknown. Thus, in this study we analyzed the effects of Prx V in β-lapachone-induced apoptosis in SW480 human colon cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS β-lapachone-induced apoptosis was analyzed by the MTT assay, western blotting, fluorescence microscopy, Annexin V staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS Overexpression of Prx V, significantly decreased β-lapachone-induced cellular apoptosis and Prx V silencing increased β-lapachone-induced cellular apoptosis via modulating ROS scavenging activity compared to mock SW480 cells. In addition, to further explore the mechanism of Prx V regulated β-lapachone-induced SW480 cells apoptosis, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling was studied. The Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway was found to be induced by β-lapachone. CONCLUSION Prx V regulates SW480 cell apoptosis via scavenging ROS cellular levels and mediating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which was induced by β-lapachone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xi Gong
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ping Xie
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Nan Shen
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Dong Cui
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China .,Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Nadir S, Li W, Zhu Q, Khan S, Zhang XL, Zhang H, Wei ZF, Li MT, Zhou L, Li CY, Chen LJ, Lee DS. A novel discovery of a long terminal repeat retrotransposon-induced hybrid weakness in rice. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1197-1207. [PMID: 30576523 PMCID: PMC6382335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid weakness is a post-zygotic hybridization barrier frequently observed in plants, including rice. In this study, we describe the genomic variation among three temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) varieties 'Aranghyangchalbyeo' ('CH7'), 'Sanghaehyangheolua' ('CH8') and 'Shinseonchalbyeo' ('CH9'), carrying different hybrid weakness genes. The reciprocal progeny obtained from crossing any two varieties displayed characteristic hybrid weakness traits. We mapped and cloned a new locus, Hwc3 (hybrid weakness 3), on chromosome 4. Sequence analysis identified that a long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon was inserted into the promoter region of the Hwc3 gene in 'CH7'. A 4-kb DNA fragment from 'CH7' containing the Hwc3 gene with the inserted LTR retrotransposon was able to induce hybrid weakness in hybrids with 'CH8' plants carrying the Hwc1 gene by genetic complementation. We investigated the differential gene expression profile of F1 plants exhibiting hybrid weakness and detected that the genes associated with energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated compared with the parents. Based on our results, we propose that LTR retrotransposons could be a potential cause of hybrid weakness in intrasubspecific hybrids in japonica rice. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying intrasubspecific hybrid weakness is important for increasing our knowledge on reproductive isolation and could have significant implications for rice improvement and hybrid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nadir
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
- Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sehroon Khan
- Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Agricultural College of Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Wei
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Kim K, Jeong Y, Shin KH, Kim JH, Ahn SD, Kim SS, Suh CO, Kim YB, Choi DH, Park W, Cha J, Chun M, Lee DS, Lee SY, Kim JH, Park HJ. Abstract P3-12-12: Impact of regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer patients with supraclavicular and/or internal mammary lymph node involvement: A multicenter, retrospective study (KROG 16-14). Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular (SCL) and/or internal mammary (IMN) lymph node involvement.
Methods: A total of 353 patients from 11 institutions were included. One hundred and thirty-six patients had SCL involvement, 148 had IMN involvement, and 69 had both. All patients received neoadjvant systemic therapy followed by breast conserving surgery or mastectomy, and postoperative RT to whole breast/chest wall. As for regional lymph node irradiation, SCL RT was given to 344 patients, and IMN RT to 236 patients. The median RT dose was 50.4 Gy.
Results: The median follow-up duration was 61 months (range, 7-173). In-field progression was present in SCL (n=20) and/or IMN (n=7). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rates were 57.8% and 75.1%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, both SCL/IMN involvement, number of axillary lymph node ≥4, triple negative subtype, and mastectomy were significant adverse prognosticators for DFS (p = 0.022, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). Regarding the impact of regional nodal irradiation, SCL RT dose ≥54 Gy was not associated with DFS (5-yr rate, 52.9% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.696) in SCL-involved patients, and the receipt of IMN RT was not associated with DFS (5-yr rate, 56.1% vs. 78.1%, p = 0.099) in IMN-involved patients.
Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative RT achieved an acceptable in-field regional control rate in patients with SCL and/or IMN involvement. However, a higher RT dose to SCL or IMN RT was not associated with the improved DFS in these patients.
Citation Format: Kim K, Jeong Y, Shin KH, Kim JH, Ahn SD, Kim SS, Suh C-O, Kim YB, Choi DH, Park W, Cha J, Chun M, Lee DS, Lee SY, Kim JH, Park HJ. Impact of regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer patients with supraclavicular and/or internal mammary lymph node involvement: A multicenter, retrospective study (KROG 16-14) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Jeong
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - KH Shin
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SD Ahn
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SS Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C-O Suh
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - YB Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DH Choi
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W Park
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Cha
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Chun
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DS Lee
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SY Lee
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - HJ Park
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi HS, Kim SL, Kim JH, Deng HY, Yun BS, Lee DS. Triterpene Acid ( 3- O- p-Coumaroyltormentic Acid) Isolated From Aronia Extracts Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation through Downregulation of c-Myc Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092528. [PMID: 30149665 PMCID: PMC6164992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are drug-resistant and radiation-resistant cancer cells that are responsible for tumor progression and maintenance, cancer recurrence, and metastasis. Targeting breast CSCs with phytochemicals is a new paradigm for cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, activity-guided fractionation from mammosphere formation inhibition assays, repeated chromatographic preparations over silica gel, preparatory thin layer chromatography, and HPLC using aronia extracts led to the isolation of one compound. Using 1H and 13C 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, the isolated compound was identified as 3-O-p-coumaroyltormentic acid. This compound inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner and reduces the CD44high/CD24low subpopulation and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-expressing cell population as well as the expression of the self-renewal-related genes CD44, SOX2, and OCT4.3-O-p-Coumaroyltormentic acid preferentially reduced the protein levels of c-Myc, which is a CSC survival factor, by inducing c-Myc degradation. These findings indicate the novel utilization of 3-O-p-coumaroyltormentic acid for breast cancer therapy via disruption of c-Myc protein, which is a CSC survival factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/tropical organism gene bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Aroma Biotechnology Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hong-Yuan Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/tropical organism gene bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Aroma Biotechnology Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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36
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Lee DS, Roh SY, Park JC. The Nfic-osterix pathway regulates ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:531-540. [PMID: 30091046 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enamel makes up the outermost layer of the crown and its hardness protects other dental tissues from various stimuli. Enamel cannot be regenerated once damaged because ameloblasts are lost during the tooth eruption. Since the ameloblast differentiation mechanism is still unknown, further research is essential for developing treatments for defective or damaged enamel. Previously, we have reported that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation were regulated through the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)-nuclear factor 1-C (Nfic)-osterix (Osx) pathway where Nfic directly controls Osx expression. This pathway regulates odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation as well. The aim of this study was to investigate if the same pathway is applicable for ameloblast differentiation. Structural enamel defects with disorganized ameloblasts and decreased proliferation activity of the cervical loop were observed in Nfic-/- mice incisors. Expression of the ameloblast differentiation markers was also downregulated significantly in Nfic-/- mice. Real-time PCR analyses suggested that Runx2, Nfic, and Osx regulate the expression of ameloblast differentiation markers, where Runx2 is upstream of Nfic, and Nfic controls Osx expression. Therefore, we suggest the Runx2-Nfic-Osx pathway as one of the key factors that regulate ameloblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Roh
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Choi HS, Kim JH, Kim SL, Deng HY, Lee D, Kim CS, Yun BS, Lee DS. Catechol derived from aronia juice through lactic acid bacteria fermentation inhibits breast cancer stem cell formation via modulation Stat3/IL-6 signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1467-1479. [PMID: 29964299 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a subpopulation of cancer cells are drug-resistant and radiation-resistant cancer cells to be responsible for tumor progress, maintenance and recurrence of cancer, and metastasis. This study isolated and investigated a new cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitor derived from lactic acid fermentation products using culture broth with 2% aronia juice. The anti-CSC activity of aronia-cultured broth was significantly higher than that of the control. Activity-guided fractionation and repeated chromatographic preparation led to the isolation of one compound. Using nuclear magnetic resonance and ESI mass spectrometry, we identified the isolated compound as catechol. In this study, we report that aronia-fermented catechol has a novel inhibitory effect on human breast CSCs. Catechol inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner. This compound reduced the CD44high /CD24low subpopulation, ALDH-expressing cell population and the self-renewal-related genes nanog, sox2, and oct4. Catechol preferentially reduced mRNA transcripts and protein levels of Stat3 and did not induce c-Myc degradation. These findings support the novel utilization of catechol for breast cancer therapy via the Stat3/IL-6 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that catechol can be used for breast cancer therapy and that Stat3 expression is a marker of CSCs. Catechol inhibited Stat3 signaling by reducing Stat3 expression and secreted IL-6, a CSC survival factor. These findings support the novel utilization of catechol for breast cancer therapy via Stat3/IL-6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack S Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hong-Yuan Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Doseung Lee
- JEJU TECHNOPARK, Biodiversity Research Institute, Namwon, Seogwipo, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang Sook Kim
- JEJU TECHNOPARK, Biodiversity Research Institute, Namwon, Seogwipo, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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38
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Chen CY, Lee DS, Hsieh PC. P270Cardiac specific microRNA-125b deficiency impairs mitochondrial function in mouse neonatal and adult heart. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chen
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - D S Lee
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - P C Hsieh
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Shinde SK, Kim DY, Lee DS, Ghodake GS, Kadam AN, Fulari AV, Nawaz M, Shahzad A, Rath MC, Fulari VJ. Effect of electron beam irradiation on chemically synthesized nanoflake-like CdS electrodes for photoelectrochemical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:255-261. [PMID: 29413604 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we chemically synthesized interconnected nanoflake-like CdS thin films for photoelectrochemical solar cell applications and subsequently irradiated them with electron beam irradiation at various doses of irradiation. The as-synthesized and irradiated samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and electrochemical measurements. XRD and XPS results confirmed the formation of CdS with a hexagonal crystal structure. FE-SEM and HR-TEM studies confirmed the photoelectrochemical performance, which was dependent on the surface morphology. The calculated values for efficiency demonstrated an outstanding photoelectrochemical performance with a fill factor of 0.38 and efficiency of 3.06% at 30 kGy. The high photoelectrochemical performance may be due to the interconnected nanoflake-like nanostructure and higher active surface area of the CdS samples. These results show that the electron beam irradiation is capable as an electrode for photoelectrochemical solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Siksa-dong, 10326, Goyang-si, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Siksa-dong, 10326, Goyang-si, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - D S Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - G S Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Siksa-dong, 10326, Goyang-si, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A N Kadam
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - A V Fulari
- Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Asif Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - M C Rath
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, BARC, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - V J Fulari
- Holography and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India.
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Abdel-Qadir H, Ong G, Fazelzad R, Amir E, Lee DS, Thavendiranathan P, Tomlinson G. Interventions for preventing cardiomyopathy due to anthracyclines: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:628-633. [PMID: 28028033 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relative efficacy of interventions for primary prevention of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity is unknown. Methods We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials for primary prevention of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity in adult cancer patients. We used hierarchal outcome definitions in the following order of priority: (1) composite of heart failure or decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, (2) decline in ejection fraction, or (3) heart failure. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian network meta-analysis with random effects. Results A total of 16 trials reported cardiotoxicity as a dichotomous outcome among 1918 patients, evaluating dexrazoxane, angiotensin antagonists, beta-blockers, combination angiotensin antagonists and beta-blockers, statins, Co-enzyme Q-10, prenylamine, and N-acetylcysteine. Compared with control, dexrazoxane reduced cardiotoxicity with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.26 (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.11-0.74) and had the highest probability (33%) of being most effective. No other agent was demonstrably better than placebo. Angiotensin antagonists had an 84% probability of being most effective in a sensitivity analysis excluding one outlying study (OR 0.06 [95% CrI 0.01- 0.24]). When the outcome was restricted to heart failure, dexrazoxane was associated with an OR of 0.12 (95% CrI 0.06-0.23) relative to control and had 58% probability of being most effective, while angiotensin antagonists had an OR of 0.18 (95% CrI 0.05-0.55). Available data suggested that dexrazoxane and angiotensin antagonists did not affect malignancy response rate or risk of death. Conclusion Moderate quality data suggest that dexrazoxane, and low quality data suggest angiotensin antagonists, are likely to be effective for cardiotoxicity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdel-Qadir
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Ong
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Fazelzad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Amir
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D S Lee
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Thavendiranathan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Tomlinson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhu Q, Zhang XL, Nadir S, DongChen WH, Guo XQ, Zhang HX, Li CY, Chen LJ, Lee DS. A LysM Domain-Containing Gene OsEMSA1 Involved in Embryo sac Development in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1596. [PMID: 28979272 PMCID: PMC5611485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The embryo sac plays a vital role in sexual reproduction of angiosperms. LysM domain containing proteins with multiple lysin motifs are widespread proteins and are involved in plant defense responses against fungal chitins and bacterial peptidoglycans. Various studies have reported the role of LysM domain-containing proteins in plant defense mechanisms but their involvement in sexual reproduction remains largely unknown. Here, we report the involvement of a LysM domain-containing gene, EMBRYO SAC 1 (OsEMSA1), in the sexual reproduction of rice. The gene encoded a LysM domain-containing protein that was necessary for embryo sac development and function. The gene was expressed in root, stem, leaf tissues, panicle and ovaries and had some putative role in hormone regulation. Suppression of OsEMSA1 expression resulted in a defective embryo sac with poor differentiation of gametophytic cells, which consequently failed to attract pollen tubes and so reduced the panicle seed-setting rate. Our data offers new insight into the functions of LysM domain-containing proteins in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Sadia Nadir
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and TechnologyBannu, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Hua DongChen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Hui-Xin Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Management of China Education Ministry, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
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Abstract
Diaphragmatic eventration is an uncommon condition, usually discovered incidentally in asymptomatic patients. Even in symptomatic patients, the diagnosis can be challenging and should be considered among the differential diagnoses of diaphragmatic hernia. The correct diagnosis can often only be made in surgery. We describe the case of a 31-year-old patient with diaphragmatic eventration that was misdiagnosed as a recurrent congenital diaphragmatic hernia and review the corresponding literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shwaartz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , US
| | - E Duggan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , US
| | - D S Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , US
| | - C M Divino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , US
| | - E H Chin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , US
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Lee DS, Law PY, Ln W, Loh HH, Song KY, Choi HS. Differential regulation of mouse and human Mu opioid receptor gene depends on the single stranded DNA structure of its promoter and α-complex protein 1. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:532-538. [PMID: 28529734 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mu opioid receptor (MOR) mediates various functions of opioid-induced analgesia, euphoria and respiratory depression, and is a major target of opioid analgesics. Understanding of MOR gene expression among species is important for understanding its analgesic function in humans. In the current study, the polypyrimidine/polypurine (PPy/u) region, a key element of MOR gene expression, was compared in humans and mice. The mouse PPy/u element is highly homologous to its human element (84%), and the mouse MOR (mMOR) reporter drives luciferase activity 35-fold more effectively than the human MOR (hMOR) reporter. The structural study of reporter plasmids using S1 nuclease indicates that the mouse PPy/u element has a particular conformational structure, namely a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) region that promotes strong promoter activity. DNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the recombinant α-complex protein 1 (α-CP1) is capable of binding to a single-stranded mouse PPy/u sequence. Furthermore, plasmid-expressing α-CP1 activated the expression of a luciferase reporter when cotransfected with a single-stranded (p336/306) construct. In addition, the α-CP1 gene induced the mMOR gene in mouse neuronal cells and did not induce the human neuronal MOR gene. The current study demonstrates that α-CP1 functions as a transcriptional activator in the mMOR gene, but does not function in the hMOR gene due to species-specific structural differences. The differences in human and mouse MOR gene expression are based on α-CP1 and the ssDNA structure of the MOR promoter. The MOR gene is species-specifically regulated, as the PPy/u element adopts a unique species-specific conformation and α-CP1 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Ln
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kyu Young Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the esophagus is very rare. Only a few cases have been reported in the English literature to date, and it accounts for less than 1% of all cases of gastrointestinal lymphoma. As this malignancy manifests as a submucosal tumor, pathological diagnosis by using a simple endoscopic biopsy alone is difficult. Therefore, surgical biopsy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration have been used in most cases. Herein, we report a case of esophageal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in a 49-year-old man, which involved the use of a stacked forceps biopsy to obtain adequate samples for pathological analysis; the use of the stacked forceps biopsy method is unlike those used in previous cases. The patient received cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone chemotherapy; he achieved a complete response. In addition, we review the literature relevant to this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Y C Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - D W Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea.
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Qian H, Tay CY, Setyawati MI, Chia SL, Lee DS, Leong DT. Protecting microRNAs from RNase degradation with steric DNA nanostructures. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1062-1067. [PMID: 28451245 PMCID: PMC5356501 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA nanostructure bearing a “Shuriken” shape is designed to deliver, protect and activate microRNA-145 functionality in human colorectal cancer cells. This novel DNA nanostructure enabled therapeutic platform greatly suppresses cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.
Tumor suppressive microRNAs are potent molecules that might cure cancer, one day. Despite the many advanced strategies for delivery of these microRNAs to the cell, there are few therapeutic microRNAs in clinical use. Progress in microRNA bioapplications is hindered by a high vulnerability of exogeneous microRNA molecules to RNase degradation that occurs in extra- and intracellular physiological conditions. In this proof-of-concept study, we use a programmable self-assembled DNA nanostructure bearing a “shuriken” shape to not only deliver but more importantly protect a tumor suppressive microRNA-145 for a sufficiently long time to exert its therapeutic effect in human colorectal cancer cells. Our DNA nanostructure harbored complementary sequences that can hybridize with the microRNA cargo. This brings the microRNA–DNA duplex very close to the core structure such that the microRNA cargo becomes sterically shielded from RNase's degradative activity. Our novel DNA nanostructure based protector concept removes the degradative bottleneck that may plague other nucleic acid delivery strategies and presents a new paradigm towards exploiting these microRNAs for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Qian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6516 7262.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care , Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University , 183 Xinqiao Street , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - C Y Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6516 7262.,School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - M I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6516 7262
| | - S L Chia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6516 7262
| | - D S Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6516 7262
| | - D T Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6516 7262
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Kazierad DJ, Bergman A, Tan B, Erion DM, Somayaji V, Lee DS, Rolph T. Effects of multiple ascending doses of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:795-802. [PMID: 27059951 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of multiple ascending doses of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Patients were randomized to oral PF-06291874 or placebo on a background of either metformin (Part A, Cohorts 1-5: 5-150 mg once daily), or metformin and sulphonylurea (Part B, Cohorts 1-2: 15 or 30 mg once daily) for 14-28 days. A mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) was administered on days -1 (baseline), 14 and 28. Assessments were conducted with regard to pharmacokinetics, various pharmacodynamic variables, safety and tolerability. Circulating amino acid concentrations were also measured. RESULTS PF-06291874 exposure was approximately dose-proportional with a half-life of ∼19.7-22.7 h. Day 14 fasting plasma glucose and mean daily glucose values were reduced from baseline in a dose-dependent manner, with placebo-corrected decreases of 34.3 and 42.4 mg/dl, respectively, at the 150 mg dose. After the MMTT, dose-dependent increases in glucagon and total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were observed, although no meaningful changes were noted in insulin, C-peptide or active GLP-1 levels. Small dose-dependent increases in LDL cholesterol were observed, along with reversible increases in serum aminotransferases that were largely within the laboratory reference range. An increase in circulating gluconeogenic amino acids was also observed on days 2 and 14. All dose levels of PF-06291874 were well tolerated. CONCLUSION PF-06291874 was well tolerated, has a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for once-daily dosing, and results in reductions in glucose with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Tan
- Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
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47
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Navarro Burgos JB, Lee KW, Shin YC, Lee DS, Lee KB, Yi NJ, Suh KS. Inexplicable Outcome of Early Appearance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Allograft After Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:3012-5. [PMID: 26707329 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case represents the earliest appearance of de novo HCC after liver transplantation (OLT) compared with cases of previously reported literatures. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old man underwent deceased donor OLT owing to decompensated liver cirrhosis. He had YMDD viral mutation and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) coinfection but no tumor was found in the liver on MRI before OLT. The donor was a healthy young female donor who was HCV and HBV negative. There was no tumor in the explant liver. After OLT, HCV RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen became undetectable with DNA-positive HBV. Nine months after OLT, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed owing to abdominal pain, detecting a mass occupying the right lobe that depicted enhanced characteristics typical of HCC. The chest CT demonstrated metastatic lung nodules in the right basal lower lobe. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed tumor cells from the recipient. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma that has emerged within a short period of undergoing OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Navarro Burgos
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Y C Shin
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D S Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Lee DS, Vonrhein C, Albarado D, Raman CS, Veeraraghavan S. A Potential Structural Switch for Regulating DNA-Binding by TEAD Transcription Factors. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:2557-2568. [PMID: 27016204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors are essential for the normal development of eukaryotes and are the downstream effectors of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Whereas our earlier work established the three-dimensional structure of the highly conserved DNA-binding domain using solution NMR spectroscopy, the structural basis for regulating the DNA-binding activity remains unknown. Here, we present the X-ray crystallographic structure and activity of a TEAD mutant containing a truncated L1 loop, ΔL1 TEAD DBD. Unexpectedly, the three-dimensional structure of the ΔL1 TEAD DBD reveals a helix-swapped homodimer wherein helix 1 is swapped between monomers. Furthermore, each three-helix bundle in the domain-swapped dimer is a structural homolog of MYB-like domains. Our investigations of the DNA-binding activity reveal that although the formation of the three-helix bundle by the ΔL1 TEAD DBD is sufficient for binding to an isolated M-CAT-like DNA element, multimeric forms are deficient for cooperative binding to tandemly duplicated elements, indicating that the L1 loop contributes to the DNA-binding activity of TEAD. These results suggest that switching between monomeric and domain-swapped forms may regulate DNA selectivity of TEAD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sun Lee
- Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 690-756, South Korea
| | - Clemens Vonrhein
- Global Phasing Limited, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, UK
| | - Diana Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - C S Raman
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sudha Veeraraghavan
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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50
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Choi YY, Min J, Lee DS, Min H, Lee EY, Lim G, Kim Y, Kang H, Song I, Cho YJ, Lee YJ. Incidence of Cardiopulmonary Arrests After Implementation of a Rapid Response System During Operation Time Vs Non-Operation Time. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798082 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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