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Daca A, Piechowicz L, Wiśniewska K, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Jarzembowski T. Both biofilm cytotoxicity and monocytes' adhesion may be used as estimators of enterococcal virulence. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024:ovae047. [PMID: 38755018 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to identify markers of enterococci's virulence potential by evaluating the properties of strains of different sites of isolation. Enterococcal strains were isolated as commensals from faeces and as invasive strains from the urine and blood of patients from the University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland. Changes in monocytes' susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of isolates of different origins and their adherence to biofilm were evaluated using a flow cytometer. The bacterial protein profile was estimated by MALDI-TOF MS. The cytotoxicity of biofilm and monocytes' adherence to it were the most accurate factors in predicting the prevalence of the strain in the specific niche. Additionally, a bacterial protein with mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 5000 was found to be responsible for the increased bacterial cytotoxicity, while monocytes' decreased adherence to biofilm was linked with the presence of proteins either with m/z 3330 or 2435. The results illustrate that monocytes' reaction when exposed to the bacterial biofilm can be used as an estimator of pathogens' virulence potential. The observed differences in monocytes' response are explainable, by the bacterial proteins' profile. Additionally, the results indicate that the features of both bacteria and monocytes impact the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wiśniewska
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Embryology, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jarzembowski
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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Rodziewicz A, Szewczyk A, Bryl E. Gluten-Free Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Nutrients 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38474814 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Diet has a critical impact on the gut microbiome, and it has been shown that a gluten-free diet can negatively affect its composition. A gluten-free diet is popular among patients, and therefore the aim of this study was to check whether it affects thyroid function and gut microbiome composition in AIT. Thirty-one women with AIT complied with a gluten-free diet for 8 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, participants were divided into two groups: the first group received gluten in capsules and the other one-rice starch (placebo). Blood and stool samples were examined before diet (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 8 weeks of diet (T2). The only significant difference in blood parameters was observed between T1 and T2 in the placebo group for the thyroid peroxidase antibody level. After the first 4 weeks, a significant increase in Desulfobacterota, Proteobacteria, Prevotella and Parasutterella and a significant decrease in Actinobacteriota, Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium were observed. The detected microbiome alterations may indicate increasing inflammation; however, further research is required, and for now, a gluten-free diet should be used cautiously in AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rodziewicz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Bryl E, Szcześniewska P, Dutkiewicz A, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Hanć T. FTO and MC4R polymorphisms, and selected pre-, peri- and postnatal factors as determinants of body mass index and fatness in children: a thorough analysis of the associations. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:29. [PMID: 38066615 PMCID: PMC10704801 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity among children have become significant global health concerns. Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes, as well as environmental factors in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between genetic, socioeconomic and perinatal factors, adverse childhood events (ACEs), and lifestyle, and their impact on overweight, obesity and body composition parameters in children. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between genetic factors and ACEs. METHODS Four hundred fifty-six children aged 6-12 years participated in our study. Information on the socioeconomic status, perinatal factors, ACEs and lifestyle of the children was collected with a questionnaire completed by their parents/guardians. We examined the children's body weight and conducted an electrical bioimpedance analysis. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed based on the International Obesity Task Force and McCarthy criteria. We genotyped two selected polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes using the TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination method. RESULTS Higher BMI (Body Mass Index) z scores were related to higher paternal BMI and lower maternal age at the child's birth. Higher FMI (Fat Mass Index) z scores were associated with higher paternal BMI, increased gestational weight, lower maternal education and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Higher FatM (fat mass in kg) z scores were linked to lower maternal education, lower maternal age at the child's birth, higher maternal body weight gain, paternal BMI and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Moreover, interaction effects were observed on BMI z scores between ACE and FTO AA, and on FMI z scores and FatM z scored between ACE and MC4R CC. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of environmental factors is more strongly related to changes in body composition than genetic ones. Additionally, the presence of the risk allele combined with unfavourable environmental factors like ACEs leads to visible interaction effects, resulting in increased BMI z scores and FMI z scores in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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Szcześniewska P, Bryl E, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Bilska K, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Hanć T. Cool executive functions and their association with body mass & fatness and the FTO gene in school-aged children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12148. [PMID: 37500688 PMCID: PMC10374888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The FTO gene rs9936909 polymorphism is one of the well-documented single nucleotide polymorphisms in the context of increased risk of obesity, including in children. Few studies have tested the association of the FTO gene with cognitive functions. Deficits of "cool" executive functions (EFs) are considered a potential risk factor for excessive weight. The aims of our study were to investigate whether cool EFs are associated with the Body Mass Index, the Fat Mass Index and the risk of excess body mass and overfatness in neurotypically school-aged children, and whether the FTO gene polymorphism is involved in development of this possible association. The sample consisted of 553 children aged 6-12 years old. A body composition analysis, a neuropsychological assessment of EFs, and FTO polymorphism genotyping were performed in the children studied. The study found a significant association of an interference effect in theStroop Color-Word Interference Task and the risk of excessive body fatness, but not excessive body mass. There were no explicit associations between the FTO genotype and EFs deficits. Environmental factors, and particularly low maternal education, appeared to be the strongest contributors to the increased risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta R Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Frankowska N, Bryl E, Fulop T, Witkowski JM. Longevity, Centenarians and Modified Cellular Proteodynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032888. [PMID: 36769212 PMCID: PMC9918038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown before that at least one intracellular proteolytic system seems to be at least as abundant in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of centenarians as in the same cells of young individuals (with the cells of the elderly population showing a significant dip compared to both young and centenarian cohorts). Despite scarce published data, in this review, we tried to answer the question how do different types of cells of longevous people-nonagenarians to (semi)supercentenarians-maintain the quality and quantity of their structural and functional proteins? Specifically, we asked if more robust proteodynamics participate in longevity. We hypothesized that at least some factors controlling the maintenance of cellular proteomes in centenarians will remain at the "young" level (just performing better than in the average elderly). In our quest, we considered multiple aspects of cellular protein maintenance (proteodynamics), including the quality of transcribed DNA, its epigenetic changes, fidelity and quantitative features of transcription of both mRNA and noncoding RNAs, the process of translation, posttranslational modifications leading to maturation and functionalization of nascent proteins, and, finally, multiple facets of the process of elimination of misfolded, aggregated, and otherwise dysfunctional proteins (autophagy). We also included the status of mitochondria, especially production of ATP necessary for protein synthesis and maintenance. We found that with the exception of the latter and of chaperone function, practically all of the considered aspects did show better performance in centenarians than in the average elderly, and most of them approached the levels/activities seen in the cells of young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frankowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1510
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Bryl E, Hanć T, Szcześniewska P, Dutkiewicz A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Słopień A. The relation between prenatal stress, overweight and obesity in children diagnosed according to BMI and percentage fat tissue. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2759-2773. [PMID: 35691007 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the environmental factors contributing to abnormal weight changes in children may be maternal exposure to adverse environmental factors during pregnancy, which in previous studies led to inconclusive results showing both overweight or obesity and underweight in children. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of prenatal stress on the BMI status and cut-off points for the percentage of fat content. METHODS The cohort study included 254 girls and 276 boys. Information on prenatal stress was collected retrospectively with a questionnaire on objective adverse events completed by a parent/guardian of a 6-12-year-old child. We examined the body weight of children and performed an electrical bioimpedance analysis of their body composition. We assessed the BMI status according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criterion and on the basis of body fat according to McCarthy criterion. RESULTS The results of our study show that the prenatal stress was related to increased risk of overweight (OR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.25-3.65) diagnosed on the basis of body fat cut-off points, but not when the BMI was a diagnostic criterion (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.58-1.83). CONCLUSION The method of diagnosis based on the fat content appears to be an indicator of the occurrence of abnormalities in body composition due to prenatal stress more sensitive than that based on the BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 60-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 60-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 60-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
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Hanć T, Bryl E, Szcześniewska P, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with obesity and underweight in children. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1751-1763. [PMID: 34661883 PMCID: PMC9123056 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to both obesity and underweight from childhood, and that the association of ACEs with weight abnormalities is modulated by type of ACEs, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) indices. METHODS The relations between ACEs (0 vs ≥ 1), ACE accumulation and ACE type with weight status and z scores BMI were assessed in 503 children aged 6-12 years from Poznan, Poland. The effects of interaction of ACEs with sex and SES on z scores BMI were included in the analyses. RESULTS ACEs were significantly related to both obesity and underweight, in unadjusted analysis, and when sex and SES indices, such as size of place of residence, people per room in household, and parental education were controlled. The relation of ACEs with z scores BMI was modulated by ACE type, parental subjective assessment of economic situation of a family and parental education. ACE accumulation was not related to an increase of obesity or underweight rate, or z scores BMI. CONCLUSION The study implicates the need for both obesity and underweight prevention in individuals with adverse experiences as early as in childhood. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta R Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Ul. Prezydenta Gabriela Narutowicza 12, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Bukowska 70, 60-812, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
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Bryl E, Hanć T. The link between prenatal stress and indicators of fatness in children - literature review. Homo 2022; 73:13-32. [PMID: 35192679 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2022/1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are indications that the occurrence of metabolic diseases in children may be conditioned by factors experienced already in the utero. Aim of the study: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the studies that examined the effects of stress experienced by a pregnant woman on the child's adiposity rates in postnatal life. Methods: The review includes 20 articles published before March 2020 in Scopus and Medline databases with the use of following keyword combinations: /maternal or mother/, /prenatal or pregnant/, /stress or distress/ and /BMI, body mass index or overweight or obesity or body composition/. Results: The results of the research were inconsistent. Nevertheless, most articles confirmed the positive association of prenatal stress with fatness indicators in children. The review raised a question of the role of the methods applied for stress measurement (objective vs. subjective indicators) and adiposity assessment, as well as the time of prenatal exposition to stress. Conclusion: Most studies have proved that prenatal stress is related to the children adiposity in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Pomorska A, Świętoń D, Lieberman SM, Bryl E, Kosiak W, Pęksa R, Chorążewicz J, Kochańska B, Kowalska-Skabara J, Szumera M, Brzoznowski W, Jaworski R, Irga-Jaworska N. Recurrent or persistent salivary gland enlargement in children: When is it Sjögren's? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 52:151945. [PMID: 35000785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe characteristic features in children with recurrent or persistent salivary gland enlargement and to propose a diagnostic algorithm with specific consideration for Sjögren's disease (SD). METHODS In this single-center, prospective study, 45 patients < 18 years, with recurrent or persistent salivary gland enlargement of unknown etiology were enrolled from 2006 to 2019. We collected detailed clinical information to characterize this group of patients including specific details of their major salivary gland signs and symptoms. We compared clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters between 4 groups based on the results of labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) and between patients who met existing SD criteria or not. RESULTS 44 patients, with a mean age of 6.8 years and female to male ratio 21:23 were observed over a mean of 3.8 years. Characteristics of salivary gland swelling episodes varied considerably between individuals, but the majority experienced ≤5 episodes per year, lasting ≤ 1 week, with swelling affecting either or both glands. Ocular and oral dryness symptoms were observed only in 25% and 59% patients, respectively. The majority were positive for ANA, but negative for SD-specific antibodies. A total of 75% patients fulfilled at least one of the existing SD criteria. CONCLUSION SD is a major cause of recurrent salivary gland enlargement in children. For children meeting adult criteria, the diagnosis of SD is clear. However, for the many children without dryness symptoms, objective dryness, or SD-specific antibodies, further workup including a combination of salivary gland imaging and histopathological examination can help establish the diagnosis of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomorska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, Gdańsk 80-952, Poland.
| | - Dominik Świętoń
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kosiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, Gdańsk 80-952, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Pathology Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Kochańska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Szumera
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Jaworski
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ninela Irga-Jaworska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, Gdańsk 80-952, Poland
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Stachowska E, Folwarski M, Przewłócka K, Makarewicz W, Bryl E. The potential of gut microbiome as a non-invasive predictive biomarker for early detection of pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:7275-7284. [PMID: 34919227 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to discuss the potency of gut microbiome as a non-invasive predictive biomarker for early detection of pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the available up-to-date literature (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar databases) regarding the link between gut microbiome and early detection of pancreatic cancer, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. The following search linked to gut microbiome and aforementioned cancers was used: 'gut microbiome', 'gut microbiota', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', hepatocellular carcinoma', 'microbial biomarkers', 'fungal microbiota', 'mycobiota'. The search was conducted in English. RESULTS The association between gut microbiota imbalance and development of pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma has been recognized during last several years. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, whose carcinogenesis is strongly related to oral microbial dysbiosis, H. pylori infection, bactibilia, hepatotropic viruses, and intrapancreatic microbiota. It is known that gut-liver axis exists and may affect hepatocarcinogenesis. Currently, the treatment strategies of these cancers are strongly limited and there are not well-recognized screening tools to early diagnose them. The growing attention towards the use of gut microbiome as a predictive non-invasive biomarker to detect pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in early stage has been observed. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, the field regarding the link between gut microbiome as a non-invasive biomarkers and early detection of pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma exists, however, it is not well-investigated. Additionally, many of the studies were conducted with small sample sizes, whereas biomarkers are ethnicity-dependent and should be validated in wide range of populations. Nevertheless, these aspects are promising and open up new diagnostic options.
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Szcześniewska P, Hanć T, Bryl E, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Do Hot Executive Functions Relate to BMI and Body Composition in School Age Children? Brain Sci 2021; 11:780. [PMID: 34204610 PMCID: PMC8231209 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits of 'hot' executive functions (EFs) involving emotional and motivational processes are considered as a risk factor for excessive weight, but few studies have tested the relationship between hot EFs and body composition in children. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the ability to delay gratification and affective decision-making with the body mass index (BMI) and body composition in children with typical neurocognitive development. The sample consisted of 553 Polish children aged between 6-12 y. The delay of gratification task (DGT) was applied to assess the ability to delay gratification. The Hungry Donkey test (HDT) was applied to assess affective decision-making. The indicators of decision-making in the HDT were net score and learning rate. The relationships between hot EFs and BMI, fat mass index (FMI), lean body mass index (LBMI) were tested. The association of the z scores of BMI and FMI, overweight/obesity, and the ability to delay gratification was found insignificant after controlling cofounding factors. Most of the results on affective decision-making and z scores for BMI, FMI and LBMI were insignificant as well. The relationship between the ability to delay gratification, affective decision-making, and adiposity is not pronounced in typically developed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Aneta R. Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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Krahel A, Paszynska E, Slopien A, Gawriolek M, Otulakowska-Skrzynska J, Rzatowski S, Hernik A, Hanć T, Bryl E, Szczesniewska P, Bilska K, Duda J, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M. Stress/Immune Biomarkers in Saliva among Children with ADHD Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18020769. [PMID: 33477503 PMCID: PMC7831062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate stress and immune biomarkers in saliva samples of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD compared to healthy non-ADHD children. Material and methods. A total of 132 children under 11 years old (8.5 ± 1.1) enrolled in a cross-sectional study: with confirmed ADHD (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 72). The clinical evaluation included physical measurements (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, body mass index BMI, BMI z-score) and unstimulated saliva collection and measurements of free cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), and secreted immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgG, and IgM) with quantitative assay (ELISA) analysis. Unpaired t-test, Welch test, or Mann-Whitney U test were applied for group comparisons when appropriate, and the correlation between variables was analyzed with Spearman's rank coefficient. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. In the ADHD group, body weight (p ≤ 0.01), BMI (p ≤ 0.009), and hip circumference (p ≤ 0.001) significantly differed, while waist size and BMI z-score did not (p > 0.05). Significant elevation of the salivary sAA (p = 0.03), sIgA (p = 0.02), and IgM (p ≤ 0.001) biomarkers were detected, without differences in the morning cortisol (p > 0.05). Significant correlations between cortisol and BMI, hip size, and IgA, as well as between IgG and sAA and IgA were obtained. Conclusions. Saliva can be used to monitor ADHD status with regard to biomarkers indicating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, as HPA axis, and sympathetic activity. The results indicate that morning collection of saliva in contrast to unchanged salivary cortisol, may evaluate mentioned above system dysregulations by measurements of sAA and immunoglobulins among ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krahel
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (M.T.-N.)
| | - Maria Gawriolek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Justyna Otulakowska-Skrzynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Szymon Rzatowski
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Paula Szczesniewska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (M.D.-W.)
| | - Joanna Duda
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (M.D.-W.)
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (M.T.-N.)
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (M.D.-W.)
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Abstract
All aspects of each protein existence in the eukaryotic cells, starting from the pre-translation events, through translation, multiple different post-translational modifications, functional life and eventual proteostatic removal after loss of functionality and changes in physico-chemical properties, can be collectively called the proteodynamics. With aging, passing of time as well as accumulating effects of exposures, interactions and wearing-off lead to problems at each of the above mentioned stages, eventually leading to general malfunction of the proteome. This work briefly reviews and summarizes current knowledge concerning this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Sznurkowska K, Luty J, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Hermann-Okoniewska B, Landowski P, Kosek M, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Enhancement of Circulating and Intestinal T Regulatory Cells and Their Expression of Helios and Neuropilin-1 in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:995-1005. [PMID: 33273840 PMCID: PMC7705274 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s268484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The proportions of intestinal and peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were poorly investigated, as well as different subsets of these cells. Helios and Neuropilin-1 were proposed as markers differentiating between thymic and peripheral Tregs. Therefore, the aim of current work was to investigate the proportions of Tregs and expression of Helios and Neuropilin-1 in Tregs in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Materials and methods Fifteen patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis (n=7) and Crohn's disease (n=8) were included in the study. Nine children who presented with no abnormalities in colonoscopy served as a control group. Quantification of regulatory T cells of the CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ phenotype, as well as Helios+ and Neuropilin-1+ in peripheral blood and bowel mucosa was based on multicolor flow cytometry. Results The rates of circulating and intestinal Tregs were significantly higher in the studied group than in the control group. The rate of intestinal T regulatory lymphocytes was significantly higher than circulating Tregs in patients with IBD, but not in the control group. The median proportion of circulating FOXP3+Helios+ cells amounted to 24.83% in IBD patients and 15.93% in the controls. The median proportion of circulating FOXP3+Nrp-1+ cells was 34.23% in IBD and 21.01% in the control group. No statistically significant differences were noted for the circulating FOXP3+Helios+ cells and FOXP3+Nrp-1+ cells between the studied and the control group. Conclusion The rates of circulating and intestinal T regulatory cells are increased in naïve pediatric patients with IBD. The rate of Tregs is higher in intestinal mucosa than in peripheral blood in patients with IBD. Flow cytometry is a valuable method assessing the composition of infiltrates in inflamed tissue. Helios and Neuropilin-1 likely cannot serve as markers to differentiate between natural and adaptive Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sznurkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Luty
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Landowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Kosek
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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16
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Paszynska E, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Perczak A, Gawriolek M, Hanć T, Bryl E, Mamrot P, Dutkiewicz A, Roszak M, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Slopien A. Excessive Weight Gain and Dental Caries Experience among Children Affected by ADHD. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17165870. [PMID: 32823570 PMCID: PMC7460135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attention has been paid to the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, but results in relation to dental caries outcomes differ. The study was conducted to determine obesity/overweight and dental caries in children suffering from ADHD and to draw comparisons with non-ADHD children. A total of 119 children under 11 years old (8.2 ± 1.2) were enrolled into a cross-sectional study: those with confirmed ADHD (n = 39), and healthy controls (n = 80). The behavioral evaluation included a parent interview directed at sweetened food/drink habits. The clinical evaluation included physical measurements (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and dental examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System—ICDAS). Results showed a higher prevalence of abnormal body weight, hip circumference, and BMI, and a higher frequency of caries (84.6%) in the ADHD group. Significant caries differences for primary (ICDAS 0, 1, 2, 5, 6 scores) and permanent teeth (ICDAS 1, 3 scores) were recorded. The questionnaire pinpointed interplays between sugar consumption and tooth decay, especially for primary dentition. It can be concluded that the consumption of sweetened foods/drinks among ADHD children may lead to an increased rate of overweight, but may also affect oral health. Limiting sugar consumption might be one of the important elements in prevention programmes against dental caries and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-812, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Perczak
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-812, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Gawriolek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-812, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paula Mamrot
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-572, Poland; (A.D.); (M.T.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland;
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-572, Poland; (A.D.); (M.T.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-572, Poland; (A.D.); (M.T.-N.); (A.S.)
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17
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Witkowski JM, Bryl E, Fulop T. Should we Try to Alleviate Immunosenescence and Inflammaging - Why, How and to What Extent? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4154-4162. [PMID: 31713479 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191111153016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With advancing age, immune responses of human beings to external pathogens, i.e., bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, and to internal pathogens - malignant neoplasm cells - become less effective. Two major features in the process of aging of the human immune system are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The immune systems of our predecessors co-evolved with pathogens, which led to the occurrence of effective immunity. However, the otherwise beneficial activity may pose problems to the organism of the host and so it has builtin brakes (regulatory immune cells) and - with age - it undergoes adaptations and modifications, examples of which are the mentioned inflammaging and immunosenescence. Here we describe the mechanisms that first created our immune systems, then the consequences of their changes associated with aging, and the mechanisms of inflammaging and immunosenescence. Finally, we discuss to what extent both processes are detrimental and to what extent they might be beneficial and propose some therapeutic approaches for their wise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Łopatniuk P, Puchalska Z, Mital A, Mikosik A, Frąckowiak J, Hellmann A, Daca A, Bryl E, Fulop T, Witkowski JM. Excessive amount and activity of μ-calpain affects apoptotic machinery in chronic B-cell leukemia cells and influences the course of the disease. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:247-257. [PMID: 32544313 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common hematological disorder among middle-aged/elderly people in the Western countries. We have shown earlier that B-CLL cells exhibit elevated total amount and available activity of µ-calpain, belonging to a family of ubiquitous, strongly Ca-dependent proteases, involved in the control of proliferation and apoptosis. In this study we attempted to estimate a potential clinical value of μ-calpain in relation to B-CLL clinical staging in patients with extremely high lymphocytosis and studied the molecular mechanisms associating calpain activity with clinical progress of the disease. We observed significant correlations between the amounts of intracellular μ-calpain and clinical staging of the disease, with RAI stage 1 corresponding to the highest calpain amounts in the leukemic cells. There was also a positive, statistically significant correlation between the amount of μ-calpain and phosphorylated (p)ZAP-70 in B-CLL lymphocytes. Calpain activity in the B-CLL cells is associated with decreased activities of pro-apoptotic caspases -3 and -9, and reciprocally with an increased amount of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Together, all of these findings make calpain activity in B-CLL cells a promising target modifying the properties of these cells and facilitating therapy. Finally, the proportion of CD19+ B cells with elevated μ-calpain and pZap-70 was markedly reduced in patients after successful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łopatniuk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zofia Puchalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mital
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Frąckowiak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Duda J, Paszyńska E, Matuszak-Wojciechowska L, Hanć T, Bryl E, Mamrot P, Dutkiewicz A, Słopień A. Abnormal body weight and food-related behavior in school-aged children as measured by the Children's Binge Eating Disorder Scale. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 25:304-319. [PMID: 31530182 DOI: 10.1177/1359104519871335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in children is becoming a global epidemic. Health and emotional consequences can threaten life and health both during childhood and adulthood. In this study, we aimed to assess the coexistence of overweight and obesity, binge eating disorder and detrimental attitudes toward nutrition among school-age children. We also aimed to determine the usefulness of the Children's Binge Eating Disorder Scale (C-BEDS) as a screening tool. We examined a group of over 550 healthy children aged 6-12. In all, 15% were overweight, and 6% were obese. A total of 12% of the children presented an increased risk of eating disorders. The examined group of children significantly differed in the number of positive C-BEDS responses compared with the authors of the test. Test reliability as measured by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .008. Preliminary results indicate that the problem of excessive body weight affects every fifth child, consistent with previous reports. The C-BEDS used in this study did not permit the identification of children, neither with the risk of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) nor subthreshold BED. This may be due to the relatively low internal consistency of the questions contained in the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Duda
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Hanć
- Department of Human Biological Development, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Human Biological Development, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
| | - Paula Mamrot
- Department of Human Biological Development, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Marzec L, Liberek T, Chmielewski M, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Liberek K, Zdrojewski Z, Rutkowski B. Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 in Peritoneal Leukocytes is Induced by Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080702700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main limitations of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is deterioration of functional and morphological characteristics of the peritoneum. This complication appears to be related to the low biocompatibility profile of PD fluids. Recently, induction of the heat shock protein (HSP) stress response was demonstrated in cultured human mesothelial cells exposed to PD fluid in vitro. We investigated whether expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP-72) in peritoneal macrophages is induced upon exposure to PD fluid during continuous ambulatory PD. Methods Peritoneal leukocytes were isolated from 4-hour dwell dialysate; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peripheral blood monocytes isolated from the same patients were used as a control. In separate experiments, PBMC from healthy individuals were exposed in vitro to different PD fluids or to culture media. Expression of HSP-72 was assessed by Western immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results Macrophages and leukocytes isolated from dialysis effluent expressed significantly increased HSP-72 and mRNA levels compared to blood monocytes and PBMC of the same patients. In vitro exposure of PBMC to fresh PD fluids resulted in significantly higher expression of HSP-72 compared to those incubated in culture medium. PBMC exposed in vitro to standard lactate-buffered dialysis fluids also expressed significantly more HSP-72 compared to cells exposed to bicarbonate/lactate-buffered fluids. Conclusion Our results indicate that exposure to PD fluids during dialysis triggers a shock response in peritoneal cells, which is manifested by significantly increased HSP-72 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Analysis of this protein expression in peritoneal macrophages could be a new, convenient, and relevant way to assess the biocompatibility of PD fluids ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Marzec
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Tomasz Liberek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk
| | | | | | - Zbigniew Zdrojewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Boleslaw Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
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21
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Jesionek A, Kokotkiewicz A, Mikosik-Roczynska A, Ciesielska-Figlon K, Luczkiewicz P, Bucinski A, Daca A, Witkowski JM, Bryl E, Zabiegala B, Luczkiewicz M. Chemical variability of Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre) essential oils and their pro-apoptotic effect on lymphocytes and rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104402. [PMID: 31672661 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre) is an aromatic plant traditionally used for alleviating rheumatic complaints which makes it a potential candidate for a natural drug in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, the effects of plants' volatiles on apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts and infiltrating leucocytes of RA synovia, have not been reported. Volatile fraction of R. tomentosum is chemically variable and chemotypes of the plants need to be defined if the oil is to be used for therapeutic purposes. In the presented work, cluster analysis of literature data enabled to define 10 chemotypes of the plant. The volatile fractions of known composition were then tested for bioactivity using a RA-specific in vitro models. Essential oils of two wild types (γ-terpineol and palustrol/ledol type) and one in vitro chemotype (ledene oxide type) were obtained by hydrodistillation and their bioactivity was tested in two in vitro models: I - peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers and II - synoviocytes and immune cells isolated from synovia of RA patients. The influence of oils on blood lymphocytes' proliferation and apoptosis rates of synovia-derived cells was determined by flow cytometry. Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of the serial dilutions of R. tomentosum oils on proliferation rates of blood lymphocytes was found. At 1:400 dilutions, all the tested oils increased the number of necrotic cells in synovial fibroblasts from RA synovia. Additionally, increased proportions of late apoptotic cells were observed in leucocyte populations subjected to oils at 1:400 dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jesionek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Mikosik-Roczynska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Luczkiewicz
- II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Bucinski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bozena Zabiegala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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22
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Hermanussen M, Pulungan AB, Scheffler C, Mumm R, Rogol AD, Pop R, Swanson JM, Sonuga-Barke E, Reimann A, Siniarska-Wolanska A, Musalek M, Bogin B, Boldsen JL, Tassenaar PGV, Groth D, Liu YC, Meigen C, Quanjer B, Thompson K, Özer BK, Bryl E, Mamrot P, Hanć T, Koziel S, Söderhäll J, Gomula A, Banik SD, Roelants M, Veldre G, Lieberman LS, Sievert LL. Meeting Report: The Role of Beliefs and Perception on Body Size. Proceedings of the 26th Aschauer Soiree, Held at Aschauhof, Altenhof, Germany, May 26th, 2018. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2019; 16:383-400. [PMID: 30888128 DOI: 10.17458/per.vol16.2019.hps.mr.26achauersoiree] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-one scientists met at Aschauhof, Germany to discuss the role of beliefs and self-perception on body size. In view of apparent growth stimulatory effects of dominance within the social group that is observed in social mammals, they discussed various aspects of competitive growth strategies and growth adjustments. Presentations included new data from Indonesia, a cohort-based prospective study from Merida, Yucatan, and evidence from recent meta-analyses and patterns of growth in the socially deprived. The effects of stress experienced during pregnancy and adverse childhood events were discussed, as well as obesity in school children, with emphasis on problems when using z-scores in extremely obese children. Aspects were presented on body image in African-American women, and body perception and the disappointments of menopause in view of feelings of attractiveness in different populations. Secular trends in height were presented, including short views on so called 'racial types' vs bio-plasticity, and historic data on early-life nutritional status and later-life socioeconomic outcomes during the Dutch potato famine. New tools for describing body proportions in patients with variable degrees of phocomelia were presented along with electronic growth charts. Bio-statisticians discussed the influence of randomness, community and network structures, and presented novel tools and methods for analyzing social network data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aman B Pulungan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Rebekka Mumm
- University of Potsdam, Human Biology, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alan D Rogol
- The James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raluca Pop
- Univ. Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - James M Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | | | - Anna Reimann
- University of Potsdam, Human Biology, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Martin Musalek
- Dept Kinanthropology and Humanities, Charles University, 162 52 Prague 6 - Veleslavin, Czech Republic
| | - Barry Bogin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Jesper L Boldsen
- Unit of Anthropology (ADBOU), Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-52600 Odense S, Denmark
| | | | - Detlef Groth
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuk-Chien Liu
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christof Meigen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn Quanjer
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Başak Koca Özer
- Ankara University, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Department of Anthropology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paula Mamrot
- Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Slawomir Koziel
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Gomula
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Mathieu Roelants
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Veldre
- Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, 8L Puusepa Str, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Lynnette Leidy Sievert
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachussetts at Amherst, Amherst MA 01003-9278, USA
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Luty J, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Witkowski JM, Bryl E. Immunological aspects of autoimmune thyroid disease - Complex interplay between cells and cytokines. Cytokine 2019; 116:128-133. [PMID: 30711852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with a complex pathogenesis including environmental factors, genetic background and immune system actions. Despite the large-scale research and discovery of new subpopulations of lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines and their functions in the human body, the ethiology of ATD in many aspects remains a mystery. This article tries to summarize mostly the immunological aspects of this disease, including the roles of different cells types (dendritic cells, B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK cells and regulatory T cells) and of different cytokines (secreted by Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 lymphocyte subpopulations and other, including the IL-23 and CXCL10). We describe the role of immunological abnormalities in the ATD pathogenesis and show that for some cells and cytokines their respective roles are not clear, and bi-directional action is possible. Finally, we propose a network of interactions between the immune cells and thyrocytes in the course of ATD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Luty
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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24
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Jarzembowski T, Daca A, Witkowski JM, Bryl E, Rutkowski B, Kasprzyk J. In vitro estimation of the infectious potential of the enterococcal strain by an analysis of monocytes’ response to the formed biofilm. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2018. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.7618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the possibility of predicting Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity based on morphological changes of monocytes interacting with of bacteria and their adherence to biofilm.
Changes in the size and granularity of monocytes, as well as their adherence to biofilm were assessed using FACScan flow cytometer after 1h co-incubation of monocytes and enterococcal biofilm in 37°C. The obtained results were validated with respect to monocytes incubated without bacteria. The most prominent changes in size of monocytes were observed in the case of commensal bacteria. The interaction with bacteria isolated from the blood stream and urine caused comparable changes in the size of THP-1 cells and were smaller than the changes of cells incubated with commensal bacteria. Changes in THP-1 granularity were comparable regardless of the source of bacteria forming biofilm. The parameter which differed the most was connected to the adherence index relating to the monocytes remaining on the surface of biofilm after 1h of incubation.
Taking into consideration the obtained results, we conclude that changes in the morphology of monocytes can be treated as a tool assessing the potential pathogenicity of the bacteria. What is more, the adhesive properties towards bacterial biofilm alone might be considered as a tool allowing for the assessment of the pathogenicity of the isolated strain bypassing time-consuming techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bolesław Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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25
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Mikosik A, Jasiulewicz A, Daca A, Henc I, Frąckowiak JE, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Foerster J, Le Page A, Bryl E, Fulop T, Witkowski JM. Roles of calpain-calpastatin system (CCS) in human T cell activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76479-76495. [PMID: 27835610 PMCID: PMC5363525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is determined by the speed of the T cell reaction to antigens assured by a state of readiness for proliferation and cytokine secretion. Proliferation, apoptosis and motion of many cell types are controlled by cytoplasmic proteases - μ- and m-calpain - and their inhibitor calpastatin, together forming the “calpain-calpastatin system” (CCS), assumed to modify their targets only upon activation-dependent cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase. Contrastingly to this notion, using quantitative real time PCR and semiquantitative flow cytometry respectively, we show here that the CCS genes are constitutively expressed, and that both calpains are constitutively active in resting, circulating human CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that calpain inhibition in the resting T cells prevents them from proliferation in vitro and greatly reduces secretion of multiple cytokines. The mechanistic reason for these effects of calpain inhibition on T cell functions might be the demonstrated significant reduction of the expression of active (phosphorylated) upstream signalling molecules, including the phospholipase C gamma, p56Lck and NFκB, in the inhibitor-treated cells. Thus, we propose that the constitutive, self-regulatory calpain-calpastatin system activity in resting human T cells is a necessary, controlling element of their readiness for complex and effective response to antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Clinical and Social Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aurelie Le Page
- Research Center on Ageing, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Ageing, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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26
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Polasik K, Piotrowska E, Lipińska B, Witkowski JM, Bryl E, Tukaj S. Vitamin D status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a correlation analysis with disease activity and progression, as well as serum IL-6 levels. Acta Biochim Pol 2017; 64:667-670. [PMID: 29202486 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2017_1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent epidemiological studies suggested an association between a poor vitamin D [25(OH)D] status, inflammatory mediators, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have recently proposed that pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) may represent a good marker for disease activity of RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity, joint damage, as well as serum IL-6 levels in a Polish RA population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in 35 female RA patients and 38 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Statistical correlations between 25(OH)D levels and the disease activity score 28 (DAS 28), joint damage based on the Steinbrocker criteria, as well as serum IL-6 levels were performed. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between levels of 25(OH)D in RA (16.89±8.57 ng/ml) and healthy controls (14.12±7.51 ng/ml), and the vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was found in 71.43% of RA patients and 73.68 % of healthy controls. While vitamin D status did not correlate with DAS 28 (r=0.265, p=0.149) and joint damage based on the Steinbrocker criteria (r=0.367, p=0.065), a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and IL-6 (r=0.537, p=0.002) was observed in RA. CONCLUSION Although further studies on a larger group of patients will be needed to confirm the data presented here, it seems that hypovitaminosis D is common in the RA patients and middle-aged non-RA healthy women in the Polish population. 25(OH)D levels were similar in the RA patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and were not associated with joint damage and disease activity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Polasik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipińska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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27
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Witkowski JM, Mikosik A, Bryl E, Fulop T. Proteodynamics in aging human T cells - The need for its comprehensive study to understand the fine regulation of T lymphocyte functions. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:161-168. [PMID: 29038026 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular life depends mostly on the creation, modification, interactions and destruction of proteins. This is true for every cell, including human T lymphocytes. One way these cells can ascertain the fidelity and at least partial functionality of their proteomes under constant attack of irreversible modulations (e.g., ROS- or glycation-dependent) is proteostasis. However, with cellular aging proteostasis progressively fails and proteostenosis (decreased amounts and functionalities of remaining proteins) occurs. There are several mechanisms involved in the modulation and protection of the proteome in the T cells which include mainly multiple layers of vesicle-bound and cytoplasmic proteases (e.g., lysosomal and proteasomal ones) acting mostly by degradation of obsolete and age-modified proteins. Recently it was shown that another not yet so widely known system consisting of obligatorily calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains and their inhibitor, the calpastatin serves in T cells as a dual switch, either activating or inactivating different proteins depending on intracellular conditions. Thus the proteolytic elimination of altered proteins as well as modulation of activity of those remaining leads to dynamic change of proteome composition and function (proteodynamics) in aging lymphocytes, so far in an almost unknown way. Aging T cell proteodynamics requires further comprehensive analysis of the resulting lysoproteomic patterns and their changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Centre for Aging Research, University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Witamina D, poza istotną rolą w utrzymaniu homeostazy wapnia i metabolizmie kostnym, odgrywa ważną rolę w funkcjonowaniu układu odpornościowego. Niedobór witaminy D wiąże się z wieloma niekorzystnymi dla zdrowia skutkami, włączając w to m.in. osłabienie odporności, czego skutkiem jest zwiększona podatność na zakażenia wirusowe, bakteryjne oraz grzybicze. W artykule opisano podstawy metabolizmu witaminy D oraz jej rolę fizjologiczną, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu na komórki układu odpornościowego. Ze względu na jej istotną rolę w regulacji odpowiedzi zapalnej oraz wytwarzaniu cytokin zwraca się uwagę na jej rolę w rozwoju chorób o podłożu autoimmunologicznym, takich jak cukrzyca typu 1, toczeń rumieniowaty, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów, stwardnienie rozsiane, nieswoiste zapalenia jelit, łuszczyca, bielactwo, czy twardzina, w których witamina D ma potencjalne szerokie zastosowanie zarówno w prewencji, jak i wspomaganiu działań terapeutycznych.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Zakład Patologii i Reumatologii Doświadczalnej, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
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29
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Witkowski J, Mikosik A, Bryl E, Foerster J, Fülöp T, Caruso C. CALPAIN ACTIVITY MAINTAINS GOOD HEALTH OF CENTENARIAN T CELLS; SUMMARY OF THE CALPACENT PROJECT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Witkowski
- Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland,
| | - A. Mikosik
- Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland,
| | - E. Bryl
- Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland,
| | - J. Foerster
- Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland,
| | - T. Fülöp
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,
| | - C. Caruso
- University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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30
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Henc I, Kokotkiewicz A, Łuczkiewicz P, Bryl E, Łuczkiewicz M, Witkowski JM. Naturally occurring xanthone and benzophenone derivatives exert significant anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in vitro on synovial fibroblasts and macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:148-154. [PMID: 28587985 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for novel, safer and cheaper drugs for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), better targeted against the cellular processes involved in the disease pathogenesis. Using advanced analysis of microscopic images and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that naturally occurring xanthone and benzophenone derivatives exert strong, dose- and O2 concentration-dependent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on RA patients' fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and macrophages. Suspensions containing fibroblasts, macrophages and other infiltrating cells were obtained from inflamed synovial tissue collected from female RA patients. Cells were grown in the presence of xanthone (mangiferin, isomangiferin, neomangiferin, norathyriol) or benzophenone (iriflophenone 3-C-glucoside, maclurin) derivatives for 48h or 7days, at 5% or 21% O2. Proportions of macrophages, FLS and infiltrating T cells undergoing apoptosis (annexin- or annexin and 7-AAD-positive) were determined by flow cytometry. The extent of late apoptosis (DNA degradation) was assessed by fluorescent microscopy and image analysis in cultures where DNA was stained with Hoechst 33342. Majority of tested compounds exert anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, O2-dependent effects on T cells, FLS and macrophages. The results indicate that xanthone- and benzophenone-rich plant products provide a basis for the development of dietary strategy for rheumatoid arthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Łuczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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31
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Waskowska A, Lisowska KA, Daca A, Henc I, Brandberg F, Mazurek P, Brzustewicz E, Witkowski JM, Bryl E. Influence of oxygen concentration on T cell proliferation and susceptibility to apoptosis in healthy men and women. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2017; 55:26-36. [DOI: 10.5603/fhc.a2017.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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32
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Mikosik A, Henc I, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Frąckowiak JE, Płoszyńska A, Balcerska A, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Increased μ-Calpain Activity in Blasts of Common B-Precursor Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Correlates with Their Lower Susceptibility to Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136615. [PMID: 26317226 PMCID: PMC4552652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts are characterized by inhibited apoptosis promoting fast disease progress. It is known that in chronic lymphocytic and acute myeloid leukemias the reduced apoptosis is strongly related with the activity of calpain-calpastatin system (CCS) composed of cytoplasmic proteases—calpains—performing the modulatory proteolysis of key proteins involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and of their endogenous inhibitor—calpastatin. Here, the CCS protein abundance and activity was for the first time studied in childhood ALL blasts and in control bone marrow CD19+ B cells by semi-quantitative flow cytometry and western blotting of calpastatin fragments resulting from endogenous calpain activity. Significantly higher μ-calpain (CAPN1) gene transcription, protein amounts and activity (but not those of m-calpain), with calpastatin amount and transcription of its gene (CAST) greatly varying were observed in CD19+ ALL blasts compared to control cells. Significant inverse relation between the amount/activity of calpain and spontaneous apoptosis was noted. Patients older than 10 years (considered at higher risk) displayed increased amounts and activities of blast calpain. Finally, treatment of blasts with the tripeptide calpain inhibitors II and IV significantly and in dose-dependent fashion increased the percentage of blasts entering apoptosis. Together, these findings make the CCS a potential new predictive tool and therapeutic target in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Płoszyńska
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerska
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Henc I, Soroczyńska-Cybula M, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. The in vitro modulatory effect of TNFα on the mRNA expression and protein levels of zinc finger protein ZNF334 in CD4(+) lymphocytes of healthy people. Acta Biochim Pol 2015; 62:113-7. [PMID: 25738173 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2014_857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have shown before that the expression of ZNF334 gene, coding for a newly described zinc finger protein of as yet unknown function, is extremely reduced in CD4(+) lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients regardless of their age, and thus can be considered a new molecular marker of the disease. Based on the promoter sequence of the gene we speculated that it might be regulated by TNFα. Here we have tested that hypothesis, studying the in vitro influence of TNFα on the ZNF334 gene expression and protein levels in resting and stimulated CD4(+) cells of healthy volunteers. We have confirmed that treatment with TNFα modifies the levels of ZNF334 expression in the CD4(+) cells ex vivo; however, the effect varied for different individuals and reduction of expression was seen only for those cell samples that initially exhibited high transcriptional activity of the gene, while for those exhibiting initially very low expression, some increase in the transcriptional activity was observed. Incubation with TNFα significantly reduced the amounts of two isoforms of ZNF334 protein (initially high in all subjects) in parallel to the reduced transcription. Finally, the expression of ZNF334 in CD4(+) lymphocytes isolated after various periods of anti-CD3 stimulation generally increased with longer culture times, and the effect of TNFα treatment was negligible. Concluding, our results obtained in vitro for helper lymphocytes of healthy individuals seem to mimic the regulatory effect of TNFα on the expression of ZNF334 in the cells of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Lisowska KA, Dębska-Ślizień A, Jasiulewicz A, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Influence of hemodialysis on circulating CD4(low)CD25 (high) regulatory T cells in end-stage renal disease patients. Inflamm Res 2013. [PMID: 24189710 DOI: 10.1007/s00011‐013‐0679‐z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunodeficiency of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is caused by several factors including uremic toxins and biocompatibility reactions due to the repeated hemodialysis (HD) procedure. It has also been suggested that poor T cell responses could be associated with the increased number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are necessary to limit the function of activated T cells. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells (activated T cells) to CD4(low)CD25(high) cells (Tregs) within the CD4(+) population in ESRD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two groups of ESRD patients, predialysis patients treated conservatively and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), as well as healthy controls were included in the study. Percentages of activated and regulatory T cells were determined ex vivo with flow cytometry based on the expression of CD4 and CD25 antigens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS HD patients showed an increased percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells when compared with healthy controls, while there was no difference in the percentage of CD4(low)CD25(high) cells between the patient groups. In our opinion, the repeated hemodialysis procedure significantly disturbs the balance between activated T cells and regulatory T cells in ESRD patients. Lack of Treg mobilization and chronic stimulation of T cells may contribute to the immune deficiency observed in these patients.
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Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M, Pawlowska J, Luczkiewicz P, Sowinski P, Witkowski J, Bryl E, Bucinski A. Isolation of xanthone and benzophenone derivatives from Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent. (honeybush) and their pro-apoptotic activity on synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:199-208. [PMID: 23916580 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A fast and efficient method for the isolation of the C-glucosidated xanthones mangiferin and isomangiferin from the South-African plant Cyclopia genistoides was developed for the first time. The procedure involved extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning with ethyl acetate and subsequent precipitation of mangiferin and isomangiferin from methanol and acetonitrile-water fractions, respectively. Additionally, two benzophenone derivatives: 3-C-β-glucosides of maclurin and iriflophenone, were isolated from C. genistoides extracts using semi-preparative HPLC. Apart from the above, the isolation procedure also yielded hesperidin and small amounts of luteolin. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and/or LC-DAD-ESI-MS. The selected Cyclopia constituents were screened for pro-apoptotic activity on TNF-α-stimulated synovial cells isolated from rheumatoid arthritis patients. The strongest effect, measured as percent of apoptotic cells, was recorded for isomangiferin (75%), followed by iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside (71%), hesperidin (67%) and mangiferin (65%). The results are encouraging for further studies on the use of the above compounds in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kokotkiewicz
- The Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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Mikosik A, Foerster J, Jasiulewicz A, Frąckowiak J, Colonna-Romano G, Bulati M, Buffa S, Martorana A, Caruso C, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Expression of calpain-calpastatin system (CCS) member proteins in human lymphocytes of young and elderly individuals; pilot baseline data for the CALPACENT project. Immun Ageing 2013; 10:27. [PMID: 23835405 PMCID: PMC3707750 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitous system of regulatory, calcium-dependent, cytoplasmic proteases - calpains - and their endogenous inhibitor - calpastatin - is implicated in the proteolytic regulation of activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of many cell types. However, it has not been thoroughly studied in resting and activated human lymphocytes yet, especially in relation to the subjects' ageing process. The CALPACENT project is an international (Polish-Italian) project aiming at verifying the hypothesis of the role of calpains in the function of peripheral blood immune cells of Polish (Pomeranian) and Italian (Sicilian) centenarians, apparently relatively preserved in comparison to the general elderly population. In this preliminary report we aimed at establishing and comparing the baseline levels of expression of μ- and m-calpain and calpastatin in various, phenotypically defined, populations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes for healthy elderly Sicilians and Poles, as compared to these values observed in young cohort. RESULTS We have found significant differences in the expression of both μ- and m-calpain as well as calpastatin between various populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+), both between the age groups compared and within them. Interestingly, significantly higher amounts of μ- and m-calpains but not of calpastatin could be demonstrated in the CD4+CD28- and CD8+CD28- lymphocytes of old subjects (but not in the cells of young individuals), as compared to their CD28+ counterparts. Finally, decreased expression of both calpains in the elderly T cells is not related to the accumulation of effector/memory (CD45RO+) cells in the latter, as the expression of both calpains does not differ significantly between the naïve and memory T cells, while is significantly lower for elderly lymphocytes if both populations are taken separately. CONCLUSIONS Observed differences in the amounts of CCS member proteins between various populations of lymphocytes of young and elderly subjects may participate in the impaired proliferative activity of these cells in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Social and Clinical Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 7, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Frąckowiak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
- Department of Biopathology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Department of Biopathology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buffa
- Department of Biopathology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Martorana
- Department of Biopathology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Department of Biopathology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Bryl E, Smoleńska Ż, Pawłowska J, Witkowski JM. Comment on “Disease activity in patients with long‑lasting rheumatoid arthritis is associated with changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations”: authors' reply. Pol Arch Intern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.20452/pamw.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bryl E, Smoleńska Ż, Pawłowska J, Witkowski JM. Comment on "disease activity in patients with long‑lasting rheumatoid arthritis is associated with changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations": authors' reply. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2013; 123:194-195. [PMID: 23648817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Lisowska KA, Dębska-Ślizień A, Jasiulewicz A, Daca A, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. The influence of recombinant human erythropoietin on apoptosis and cytokine production of CD4+ lymphocytes from hemodialyzed patients. J Clin Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23180360 PMCID: PMC3591526 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment of hemodialyzed (HD) patients normalizes the altered phenotype of CD4+ lymphocytes and restores the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines. We decided to test how the presence of rhEPO in cell culture modulates cytokine production of CD4+ lymphocytes in HD patients with stable hemoglobin level and expression of activation antigens of stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes similar to those observed in healthy individuals. We also tested whether the presence of rhEPO in cell culture protects stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes of HD patients from apoptosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HD patients were stimulated with an immobilized anti-CD3 antibody with or without addition of rhEPO. The percentage of apoptotic CD4+ lymphocytes and the level of Th1/Th2 cytokines in culture supernatants were measured with flow cytometry. HD patients showed a decrease in the percentage of apoptotic CD4+ cells after stimulation with the anti-CD3 antibody combined with rhEPO. The level of IFN-γ and IL-10 was increased while the level of TNF-α was decreased in the presence of rhEPO in cell culture from HD patients. These results confirm the role of rhEPO signaling in T lymphocytes of HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Lisowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Smoleńska Ż, Pawłowska J, Zdrojewski Z, Daca A, Bryl E. Increased percentage of CD8+CD28− T cells correlates with clinical activity in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Cell Immunol 2012; 278:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jóźwik A, Landowski J, Bidzan L, Fülop T, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Beta-amyloid peptides enhance the proliferative response of activated CD4CD28 lymphocytes from Alzheimer disease patients and from healthy elderly. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33276. [PMID: 22428008 PMCID: PMC3299766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia among elderly. Despite the vast amount of literature on non-specific immune mechanisms in AD there is still little information about the potential antigen-specific immune response in this pathology. It is known that early stages of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ)- reactive antibodies production and inflammatory response. Despite some evidence gathered proving cellular immune response background in AD pathology, the specific reactions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells remain unknown as the previous investigations yielded conflicting results. Here we investigated the CD4+CD28+ population of human peripheral blood T cells and showed that soluble β-amyloids alone were unable to stimulate these cells to proliferate significantly, resulting only in minor, probably antigen-specific, proliferative response. On the other hand, the exposure of in vitro pre-stimulated lymphocytes to soluble Aβ peptides significantly enhanced the proliferative response of these cells which had also lead to increased levels of TNF, IL-10 and IL-6. We also proved that Aβ peptide-enhanced proliferative response of CD4+CD28+ cells is autonomous and independent from disease status while being associated with the initial, ex vivo activation status of the CD4+ cells. In conclusion, we suggest that the effect of Aβ peptides on the immune system of AD patients does not depend on the specific reactivity to Aβ epitope(s), but is rather a consequence of an unspecific modulation of the cell cycle dynamics and cytokine production by T cells, occurring simultaneously in a huge proportion of Aβ peptide-exposed T lymphocytes and affecting the immune system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jóźwik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Landowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurotic Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Bidzan
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic Disorders, and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fülop
- Immunology Program, Geriatric Division, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Lisowska KA, Dębska-Ślizień A, Jasiulewicz A, Jóźwik A, Rutkowski B, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Flow cytometric analysis of STAT5 phosphorylation and CD95 expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:241-6. [PMID: 21619451 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.578646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) appears on the cell surface in the early stages of erythropoiesis. It also has been found on human T and B lymphocytes and monocytes suggesting that EPO could directly influence these cells. Moreover, earlier reports have shown that treatment with recombinant human (rh) EPO in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients improves interleukin-2 production and restores CD4+ T lymphocyte functions. We decided to investigate possibility of direct action of rhEPO on these cells in vitro by phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) detection and changes in CD95 antigen expression observation. Flow cytometry was used for detection of pSTAT5 and CD95 expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes treated with rhEPO. Our results show that presence of rhEPO in cell culture of lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody increases percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing pSTAT5. Stimulating effect of rhEPO was dose dependent. RhEPO presence also increases CD95 expression on these cells but still activated T lymphocytes are resistant to CD95-mediated apoptosis. These observations show that EPO is able to directly influence CD4+ T lymphocytes' signaling pathways.
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Lisowska KA, Dębska-Ślizień A, Jasiulewicz A, Heleniak Z, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Hemodialysis affects phenotype and proliferation of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. J Clin Immunol 2011; 32:189-200. [PMID: 21993694 PMCID: PMC3276768 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are characterized by reduced levels of crucial surface antigens and changes in the cell cycle parameters. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) normalizes their altered phenotype and proliferative capacity. Mechanisms leading to the deficient responses of T lymphocytes are still not clear but it is postulated that immunological changes are deepened by hemodialysis (HD). Study of activation parameters of CD4+ T lymphocytes in hemodialyzed and predialysis CKD patients could bring insight into this problem. Two groups of patients, treated conservatively (predialysis, PD) and hemodialyzed (HD), as well as healthy controls, were included into the study; neither had received rhEPO. Proportions of main CD4+CD28+, CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD95+, and CD4+HLA-DR+ lymphocyte subpopulations and proliferation kinetic parameters were measured with flow cytometry, both ex vivo and in vitro. No differences were seen in the proportions of main CD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+CD28+, CD4+CD25+, CD4+HLA-DR+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD95+) between all examined groups ex vivo. CD4+ T lymphocytes of HD patients exhibited significantly decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecule CD28 and activation markers CD25 and CD69 after stimulation in vitro when compared with PD patients and healthy controls. HD patients showed also decreased percentage of CD4+CD28+ lymphocytes proliferating in vitro; these cells presented decreased numbers of finished divisions after 72 h of stimulation in vitro and had longer G0→G1 time when compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T lymphocytes of PD patients and healthy controls were characterized by similar cell cycle parameters. Our study shows that repeated hemodialysis procedure influences phenotype and proliferation parameters of CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Lisowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Lisowska KA, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Erythropoietin receptor is detectable on peripheral blood lymphocytes and its expression increases in activated T lymphocytes. Haematologica 2011; 96:e12-3; author reply e14. [PMID: 21357707 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.038414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Pawłowska J, Smoleńska Z, Daca A, Witkowski JM, Bryl E. Older age of rheumatoid arthritis onset is associated with higher activation status of peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells and disease activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:157-64. [PMID: 21155991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, with a clinical manifestation both systemic and in joints. It has been suggested that age at disease onset and/or patients' age have influence on disease activity and clinical outcome. The reasons for the different course of RA in older people are not known; however, the activation status of peripheral blood lymphocytes could be responsible. Our aim was to relate expression of activation markers in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells of RA patients with patients' age and/or onset age and disease activity measured by DAS28. Seventy RA patients were included into the immunological study. Two separation criteria were performed: based on age of RA onset and on the biological age of patients. We examined different activation markers, CD69, CD25, CD95 and human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR), on the CD4(+) T cell surface. Division of RA patients in 10-year intervals at 40, 50 and 60 years revealed that RA patients with later disease onset were characterized by higher DAS28. This phenomenon was not limited to the division at 60 years of age but, surprisingly, the major differences were found for the 40-year onset division. Analysis of all four components of DAS28 revealed that disease activity in older disease onset was dependent on all components. Older-onset RA patients had a higher percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) and CD4(+) CD95(+) T cells. Summarizing the major differences in DAS28 and activation status of CD4(+) T cells observed for onset of disease at 40 years seems to be the most informative about the immunological status of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pawłowska
- Departments of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Tukaj S, Kotlarz A, Jóźwik A, Smoleńska Z, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Lipińska B. Cytokines of the Th1 and Th2 type in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients; correlations with anti-Hsp40 immune response and diagnostic markers. Acta Biochim Pol 2010. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2010_2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Recent research on the role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in RA development indicates that they may have pro- or anti-inflammatory effect, most probably via modulating cytokine secretion. We investigated type Th1 (INFγ, TNFα, IL-2) and type Th2 (IL-10, IL-6, IL-4) cytokine levels in sera of RA patients and healthy controls, using flow cytometric bead array assay, and searched for correlations between the cytokine levels and serum antibodies against bacterial (DnaJ) and human (Hdj1, Hdj2 and Hdj3) Hsp40 proteins, as well as clinical and laboratory parameters. The levels of all cytokines studied were significantly increased in RA patients; the highest increase relative to healthy controls (7-fold) was observed for IL-6 and its levels correlated positively with the antibodies directed to DnaJ and to the C-terminal domain of Hdj2, and with diagnostic parameters (DAS 28, Steinbrocker RTG criteria, ARA/7, ESR, TEN, SW and GH). INFγ levels correlated negatively with DAS 28, ESR, TEN and SW. No correlations were found for TNFα, IL-2 or IL-4. Our results support the hypothesis of Hsp40 involvement in RA as well as indicate that IL-6 serum level is a good marker of the RA activity.
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Tukaj S, Kotlarz A, Jóźwik A, Smoleńska Z, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Lipińska B. Cytokines of the Th1 and Th2 type in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients; correlations with anti-Hsp40 immune response and diagnostic markers. Acta Biochim Pol 2010; 57:327-332. [PMID: 20827447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Recent research on the role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in RA development indicates that they may have pro- or anti-inflammatory effect, most probably via modulating cytokine secretion. We investigated type Th1 (INFγ, TNFα, IL-2) and type Th2 (IL-10, IL-6, IL-4) cytokine levels in sera of RA patients and healthy controls, using flow cytometric bead array assay, and searched for correlations between the cytokine levels and serum antibodies against bacterial (DnaJ) and human (Hdj1, Hdj2 and Hdj3) Hsp40 proteins, as well as clinical and laboratory parameters. The levels of all cytokines studied were significantly increased in RA patients; the highest increase relative to healthy controls (7-fold) was observed for IL-6 and its levels correlated positively with the antibodies directed to DnaJ and to the C-terminal domain of Hdj2, and with diagnostic parameters (DAS 28, Steinbrocker RTG criteria, ARA/7, ESR, TEN, SW and GH). INFγ levels correlated negatively with DAS 28, ESR, TEN and SW. No correlations were found for TNFα, IL-2 or IL-4. Our results support the hypothesis of Hsp40 involvement in RA as well as indicate that IL-6 serum level is a good marker of the RA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Tukaj S, Kotlarz A, Jozwik A, Smolenska Z, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Lipinska B. Hsp40 proteins modulate humoral and cellular immune response in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:555-66. [PMID: 20127215 PMCID: PMC3006627 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the heat shock proteins (Hsps) in chronic inflammatory diseases indicates that Hsps may have disease-suppressive activities. Our aim was to characterize immune response directed to bacterial (DnaJ) and human Hsp40s in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found elevated levels of anti-DnaJ, anti-Hdj2, and anti-Hdj3 (but not ant-Hdj1) serum antibodies in the RA patients (P < or = 0.001) compared to healthy controls. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) culture, all tested Hsp40 proteins significantly inhibited the divisions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of the RA patients but not those of the controls. Both DnaJ and Hdj2 stimulated secretion of the main anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by PBMCs of the RA patients (P < 0.05), and of IL-6 by PBMCs of the RA (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.01) groups. DnaJ reduced TNFalpha secretion (P < 0.05) by both groups of PBMCs. Our results show for the first time that the RA patients have an increased humoral response to human Hsp40 proteins Hdj2 and Hdj3. This is also the first description of immunomodulatory effect of human Hsp40s on T cells and cytokine secretion in RA, suggesting that Hsp40s act as natural anti-inflammatory agents in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kotlarz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jozwik
- Faculty and Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211 Poland
| | - Zaneta Smolenska
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 2, Gdansk, 80-211 Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Faculty and Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211 Poland
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Faculty and Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211 Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
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Soroczyńska-Cybula M, Bryl E, Smoleńska Z, Witkowski JM. Varying expression of four genes sharing a common regulatory sequence may differentiate rheumatoid arthritis from ageing effects on the CD4(+) lymphocytes. Immunology 2010; 132:78-86. [PMID: 20738421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD28 gene is similarly down-regulated in CD4(+) lymphocytes from both healthy elderly people and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of impaired protein-binding activity of the 'α' sequence in its promoter region. Other genes important for the CD4(+) cell function may share that sequence and may be similarly regulated and affected. We searched GenBank for possible 'α' homologues and then compared transcriptional activities of the respective genes in the CD4(+) cells of young and older healthy individuals and those with RA by real-time PCR. We show here that genes encoding one of the zinc finger proteins (ZNF334), the 'aging hormone' Klotho, the retinoid acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) and the T-cell adapter protein GRAP-2, contain sequences with various (exceeding 70%) degrees of homology to the 'α' sequence near their promoters. These genes are transcribed in human CD4(+) lymphocytes; the expressions of RARβ2, KLOTHO and ZNF334 are significantly decreased in a correlated manner in the cells of patients with RA compared with those of healthy individuals. In RA patients, the extremely reduced expression of ZNF334 does not depend on the individual's age, apparently constituting a disease-related phenomenon; whereas that of RARβ2 and KLOTHO occurs mostly in the cells of relatively younger patients, making them similar to the lymphocytes of healthy elderly in this aspect.
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Lisowska KA, Debska-Slizien A, Radzka M, Witkowski JM, Rutkowski B, Bryl E. Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment of chronic renal failure patients normalizes altered phenotype and proliferation of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Artif Organs 2010; 34:E77-84. [PMID: 20447038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) receive recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) for the correction of anemia. However, rhEPO also has an immunomodulatory effect. Detailed changes of phenotype and function of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in CRF patients receiving rhEPO have not been reported yet; their study may bring insight into understanding of this immunomodulatory action of rhEPO. Two groups of CRF patients were included into the study: those treated; and those not receiving rhEPO. The expression of activation markers on CD4(+) lymphocytes was measured with flow cytometry, both ex vivo and in vitro. The kinetics of CD4(+) T lymphocytes proliferation was calculated using a dividing cells tracing method and numerical approach. Significantly higher percentages of CD4(+)CD95(+), CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) cells, and lower percentages of CD4(+)CD69(+) and CD4(+)CD28(+) cells were observed in both rhEPO-treated and untreated patients when compared with healthy controls. Changes in the proportions of CD4(+)CD28(+) and CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) subpopulations were dependent on the type of rhEPO, being more pronounced for rhEPObeta. CD4(+) lymphocytes from untreated patients exhibited decreased expression of CD28 and CD69 after stimulation in vitro, whereas the expression of these antigens on lymphocytes of rhEPO-treated patients was similar to that observed in healthy controls. Fewer CD4(+)CD28(+) T lymphocytes of untreated patients proliferated in vitro; these cells had longer G0-->G1 time, which negatively correlated with surface expression of CD28. Our study confirms that rhEPO treatment normalizes activation parameters of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and their proliferative capacity, which could explain earlier described immunomodulatory effects of rhEPO in patients suffering from CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Lisowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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