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Imposimato I, Muscatello LV, Ellero N, Lelli D, Mira F, Sarli G, Freccero F. Identification of asinine gamma herpesviruses in a donkey with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion and thrombocytopenia. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105014. [PMID: 38311272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A 23-year-old domestic donkey (Equus asinus) referred for severe respiratory distress due to suspected equine asthma. Ultrasound of the chest revealed bilateral irregular pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion. Airway endoscopy and tracheal wash cytology showed severe neutrophilic inflammation and bacterial culture was positive for Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Despite aggressive treatment, the donkey died in 48 hours. On post-mortem examination, the lung was whitish, collapsed, and firm, with fibrotic multifocal nodular areas. Pleural effusion and pleuritis were detected. Histologically, the lung architecture was markedly replaced by interstitial fibrosis. The histological features observed were suggestive of a severe chronic fibrosing interstitial pleuropneumonia with type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia and intralesional syncytial cells. Pulmonary fibrosis was associated with the presence of asinine gammaherpesvirus 2 and 5 infection, confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. The macroscopic and histological pattern of fibrosis was diffuse and interstitial, and the nodular lesions were consistent with spared lung parenchyma, instead of the canonical nodular distribution of the fibrosis observed in equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. Asinine herpesviral pulmonary fibrosis is uncommon, but should be considered by clinicians in the list of differentials in donkeys with chronic respiratory signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Imposimato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Ellero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi n. 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Mira F, Schirò G, Franzo G, Canuti M, Purpari G, Giudice E, Decaro N, Vicari D, Antoci F, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Sicily, southern Italy: A geographical island, an epidemiological continuum. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26561. [PMID: 38420403 PMCID: PMC10900816 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since it emerged as a major dog pathogen, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has featured a remarkable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, whose biological, epidemiological, and clinical impact is still debated. The continuous monitoring of this pathogen is thus of pivotal importance. In the present study, the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 in Sicily, southern Italy, has been updated by analysing 215 nearly complete sequences of the capsid protein VP2, obtained from rectal swabs/faeces or tissue samples collected between 2019 and 2022 from 346 dogs with suspected infectious gastrointestinal disease. The presence of the original CPV-2 type (4%) and CPV-2a (9%), CPV-2b (18%), or CPV-2c (69%) variants was documented. Over the years, we observed a decrease in the frequency of CPV-2a/-2b and a rapid increase of CPV-2c frequency, with a progressive replacement of the European lineage of CPV-2c by the Asian lineage. The observed scenario, besides confirming epidemiological relevance of CPV-2, highlights the occurrence of antigenic variant shifts over time, with a trend toward the replacement of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and the European lineage of CPV-2c by the emerging Asian CPV-2c lineage. The comparison with other Italian and international sequences suggests the occurrence of viral exchange with other Italian regions and different countries, although the directionality of such viral flows could not be often established with confidence. In several instances, potential CPV-2 introductions led to epidemiological dead ends. However, major, long-lasting clades were also identified, supporting successful infection establishment, local spreading, and evolution. These results, besides demonstrating the need for implementing more effective control measures to prevent viral introductions and minimize circulation, stress the relevance of routine monitoring activities as the only tool to effectively understand CPV-2 epidemiology and evolution, and develop adequate countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
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Franzo G, Mira F, Schirò G, Canuti M. Not Asian Anymore: Reconstruction of the History, Evolution, and Dispersal of the "Asian" Lineage of CPV-2c. Viruses 2023; 15:1962. [PMID: 37766368 PMCID: PMC10535194 DOI: 10.3390/v15091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability has been one of the hallmarks of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) since its discovery, and several lineages and antigenic variants have emerged. Among these, a group of viruses commonly called Asian CPV-2c has recently been reported with increasing frequency in different regions. Currently, its global epidemiology and evolution are essentially unknown. The present work deals with this information gap by evaluating, via sequence, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic analyses, all the complete coding sequences of strains classified as Asian CPV-2c based on a combination of amino acid markers and phylogenetic analysis. After its estimated origin around 2008, this lineage circulated undetected in Asia until approximately 2012, when an expansion in viral population size and geographical distribution occurred, involving Africa, Europe, and North America. Asia was predicted to be the main nucleus of viral dispersal, leading to multiple introduction events in other continents/countries, where infection establishment, persistence, and rapid evolution occurred. Although the dog is the main host, other non-canine species were also involved, demonstrating the host plasticity of this lineage. Finally, although most of the strains showed an amino acid motif considered characteristic of this lineage, several exceptions were observed, potentially due to convergent evolution or reversion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Padua University, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Guercio A, Mira F, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Lastra A, Purpari G, Castronovo C, Pennisi M, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Rizzo M, Giudice E. Biomolecular Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Strains in Two Domestic Ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Vet Sci 2023; 10:375. [PMID: 37368761 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper is a contagious and severe systemic viral disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores worldwide. In this study, two adult female ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were evaluated for cutaneous lesions. Scab, fur, and swab samples from the external auditory canal, cutaneous lesions, and scrapings were analyzed. Canine distemper virus (CDV)-positive samples underwent RT-PCR/RFLP with the restriction enzyme PsiI, and the hemagglutinin gene sequence was obtained. According to the restriction enzyme and sequence analyses, the viral strains were typed as CDV field strains that are included within the Europe lineage and distinct from those including vaccinal CDV strains. The sequence analysis showed the highest nucleotide identity rates in older Europe lineage CDV strains collected from dogs and a fox in Europe. This study is the first to report on CDV infection in ferrets in southern Italy and contributes to the current knowledge about natural CDV infection in this species. In conclusion, vaccination remains crucial for preventing the disease and counteracting cross-species infection. Molecular biology techniques can enable the monitoring of susceptible wild animals by ensuring the active surveillance of CDV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melissa Pennisi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Schirò G, Mira F, Decaro N, Desario C, Chiaramonte G, Di Bella S, Cannella V, Purpari G, Ventriglia G, Randazzo V, Vicari D, Gucciardi F, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Persistence of DNA from canine parvovirus modified-live virus in canine tissues. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:567-574. [PMID: 36323836 PMCID: PMC9630067 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) modified-live virus vaccine strain can replicate in lymphoid tissues and intestinal mucosa after administration, being shed through canine faeces. Detection of vaccine strains has been reported in the bloodstream and faeces, potentially interfering with molecular diagnostic tests. The persistence of these strains in canine tissues has not yet been described. With this aim, canine tissues were tested during a molecular survey to screen for the presence of canine enteric viruses. Tissue samples from 165 dead dogs were tested by a conventional PCR assay. Positive samples and five commercial vaccines were subjected to sequence analysis. Vaccinal strains were detected and virus load was measured by using a set of real-time PCR assays using minor-groove binder (MGB) probes. Seventy-five dogs (45.4%) tested positive for CPV-2. Strains from 70 dogs were characterised as field variants. The presence of CPV sequences of vaccine origin was observed in the spleen, intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes of five young dogs. Vaccinal strains were detected from 12 to 24 days after the last vaccine administration. Viral loads comprised between 6.3 × 102 and 9.95 × 104 DNA copies/10 µl of template. This study confirms that CPV vaccinal strains can be detected in canine tissues after vaccination, so post-mortem diagnosis of CPV infection needs further molecular analyses to assess the viral type (vaccine or field strains). The present study updates the current information on the persistence of CPV vaccine strains in canine tissues and their possible interference with molecular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | | | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ventriglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Puleio R, Schirò G, Condorelli L, Di Bella S, Chiaramonte G, Purpari G, Cannella V, Balboni A, Randazzo V, Antoci F, Vicari D, Guercio A. Study on the Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAdV-1) Infection in Domestic Dogs in Southern Italy. Pathogens 2022; 11:1254. [PMID: 36365005 PMCID: PMC9693395 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the causative agent of a systemic and potentially fatal viral disease of domestic and wild canids. In Italy, CAdV-1 infection has also been occasionally described in dogs, but information on the epidemiology and its genomic features is still limited. A study was conducted on 291 dogs suspected of infectious gastrointestinal disease. Samples collected from dogs in southern Italy between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. Virological and histopathological assays were carried out. The presence of CAdVs and other canine viral enteropathogens was investigated, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. CAdV-1 was detected in six (2.1%) dead stray dogs alone or in mixed infections with other viruses. Gross lesions and histopathological findings referred to CAdV infection were observed, also involving the central nervous system tissues. All inoculated samples were successfully isolated. Sequence analysis evidenced divergences with the circulating strains previously described in Italy and a closer relation with older CAdV-1 strains collected from other countries, suggesting a genetic heterogeneity of CAdV-1 in Italy. The evidence of the circulation of CAdV-1 and its genomic features allows us to have more in-depth knowledge of the epidemiology and evolution of the CAdV-1 genomic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Condorelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chiaramonte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Canuti M, Mira F, Sorensen RG, Rodrigues B, Bouchard É, Walzthoni N, Hopson M, Gilroy C, Whitney HG, Lang AS. Distribution and diversity of dog parvoviruses in wild, free-roaming and domestic canids of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2694-e2705. [PMID: 35689408 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Some parvoviruses of carnivorans can infect multiple host species. Since many canine parvoviruses were only discovered recently, their host-range is still unexplored. We examined the host distribution and diversity of five dog parvoviruses in four canine populations from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and investigated the potential for these viruses to cross the species barriers. Canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) and the minute virus of canines were detected in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (5/48 [10.4%] and 3/48 [6.3%], respectively) and two different CBoV-2 variants were identified. Canine bufavirus was identified in stool from free-roaming dogs (1/48, 2.1%) and foxes (3/80, 3.8%) from Labrador, but two different variants were observed in the two host species. The variant found in foxes was highly divergent from previously identified strains. Two cachavirus 1 variants, genetically similar to those circulating in other Canadian wildlife, were found in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was found in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (2/48, 4.2%) and in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Comparing CPV-2 sequences from these hosts to those retrieved from local symptomatic domestic dogs revealed the presence of a highly heterogeneous viral population as detected strains belonged to five different clades. The close relationship between CPV-2a strains from a dog and a coyote suggests the occurrence of viral transfer between wild and domestic canids. The identification of highly related strains with a similar molecular signature characteristic of older CPV-2 strains in free-roaming and domestic dogs suggests a probable common ancestry and that older CPV-2 strains, which have not been identified in dogs since the 1990s, persist in this part of Canada. Follow-up studies should evaluate samples from a larger number of animals and host species to extensively investigate the possible occurrence of cross-species transmission for recently discovered parvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A. Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Rachel G Sorensen
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Bruce Rodrigues
- Wildlife Division, Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries, Forestry, and Agriculture, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Émilie Bouchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natasha Walzthoni
- Veterinary Specialty Centre of Newfoundland and Labrador, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Marti Hopson
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Cornelia Gilroy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Hugh G Whitney
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Meazzi S, Filipe J, Fiore A, Di Bella S, Mira F, Dall’Ara P. Agreement between In-Clinics and Virus Neutralization Tests in Detecting Antibodies against Canine Distemper Virus (CDV). Viruses 2022; 14:v14030517. [PMID: 35336924 PMCID: PMC8949878 DOI: 10.3390/v14030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Core vaccinations and specific antibody titer evaluations are strongly recommended worldwide by all the vaccination guidelines. Virus neutralization (VN) is considered the gold standard for measuring antibody titer against canine distemper virus, but it is complex and time consuming, and the use of in-clinics tests would allow to obtain quicker results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of the commercial in-clinics VacciCheck test compared to VN. A total of 106 canine sera were analyzed using both methods. The best agreement was obtained using a protective threshold of ≥1:32. VacciCheck showed 95.5% sensitivity, 87.2% specificity, and 92.5% accuracy. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient between methods was 0.84 (CI 95% 0.73 to 0.95), revealing an optimal agreement between the two methods (p = 0.0073). The evaluation of discordant results reveal that most samples had less than 1.5 dilution difference, and that usually did not affect the classification as protected or non-protected. Results also suggest that, in dubious cases, especially when a protective result is expected, retesting is advisable. In conclusion, VacciCheck may be considered as a reliable instrument that may help the clinician in identifying the best vaccine protocol, avoiding unnecessary vaccination, and thus reducing the incidence of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250334174
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Paola Dall’Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
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Canuti M, Fry K, Dean Cluff H, Mira F, Fenton H, Lang AS. Co‐circulation of five species of dog parvoviruses and canine adenovirus type 1 among gray wolves (
Canis lupus
) in northern Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1417-e1433. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Kelsi Fry
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - H. Dean Cluff
- Environment and Natural Resources ‐ North Slave Region Government of the Northwest Territories Yellowknife Canada
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri” Palermo Italy
| | - Heather Fenton
- Environment and Natural Resources ‐ North Slave Region Government of the Northwest Territories Yellowknife Canada
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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Schirò G, Gambino D, Mira F, Vitale M, Guercio A, Purpari G, Antoci F, Licitra F, Chiaramonte G, La Giglia M, Randazzo V, Vicari D. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Bacteria Isolated from Dogs with Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Infection: The Need for a Rational Use of Antibiotics in Companion Animal Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020142. [PMID: 35203745 PMCID: PMC8868125 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) represents a major viral threat to dogs. Considering the potential effects of pets on antimicrobial resistance, information on the CPV and associated bacterial co-infections is limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility and multidrug-resistance profiles of bacterial species from tissue samples of dogs with canine parvovirus infection. A set of PCR assays and sequence analyses was used for the detection and the molecular characterization of the CPV strains and other enteric viruses. Bacterial isolation, the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility via the disk diffusion method, and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration were performed. The detection of β-lactamase genes and toxin genes for specific bacteria was also carried out. CPV infection was confirmed in 23 dogs. Forty-three bacterial strains were isolated and all showed phenotypic resistance. Seventeen multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacteria with high resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole were detected. Almost 50% of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were positive for at least one β-lactamase gene, with the majority carrying more genes as well. The evidence for multi-resistant bacteria with the potential for intra- or cross-species transmission should be further considered in a One Health approach.
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Chekwube Chukwudi I, Mira F, Ikejiofor Ogbu K, Malesa RP, Purpari G, Luka PD, Ugochukwu EI, Health LE, Guercio A, Chah KF. Peste des petits ruminants in Nigeria: identification and variations of lineage II and lineage IV in sheep and goats. Vet Ital 2021; 57. [PMID: 34971509 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2390.14842.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the aetiologic agent of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an important viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is endemic in Nigeria and leads to social and economic losses. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PPR infection and genetically characterize PPRV strains obtained from sheep and goats in three States of Southeast Nigeria. A total of 285 nasal swab samples collected in 2017‑2018 were processed for PPRV genome detection by RT‑PCR. Sixty‑five (22.81%) of the samples were positive for PPRV. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the PPRV belonged to lineages II (11/38, 28.9%) and IV (27/38, 71.1%). The N gene fragment sequence showed a 99.77%‑100% and 99.98%‑100% identity among the strains of lineages II and IV, respectively. Fourteen amino acid substitutions, previously unreported in PPRV strains from Nigeria, were recorded. This study confirms the circulation of PPRV lineages II and IV in Southeast Nigeria, the dominance of strains belonging to lineage IV in recent years, and their close genetic relationship with those previously reported in other parts of Nigeria and neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A.Mirri".
| | - Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Refiloe Petunia Malesa
- Transboundary Animal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pam Dachung Luka
- Applied Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | - Livio Edward Health
- Transboundary Animal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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12
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Mira F. From molecular surveillance to electronic health data and back: creating virtual biobanks for infectious diseases of companion animals. Vet Rec 2021; 189:241-243. [PMID: 34558712 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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13
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Macaluso G, Gucciardi F, Guercio A, Blanda V, La Russa F, Torina A, Mira F, Bella SD, Lastra A, Giacchino I, Castronovo C, Vitale G, Purpari G. First neuroinvasive human case of West Nile Disease in Southern Italy: Results of the 'One Health' approach. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2463-2472. [PMID: 34505400 PMCID: PMC8604128 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background West Nile Disease (WND) is a zoonotic mosquito‐borne infection involving viral pathogens, human and animal hosts, vectors and environment. Cooperation among medical, veterinary and entomological fields has been promoted by the Italian Public Health Authorities, and an integrated West Nile Virus (WNV) Surveillance Plan has been in force in Italy since 2016 to prevent the transmission risk of WND to humans through an early detection of viral circulation by animal and entomological surveillance. This managing model is unique in Europe. Objectives This survey aimed at presenting the ‘One Health’ approach applied in 2016 to the first autochthonous human case of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) in Sicily (Southern Italy). Methods Serological (anti‐WNV IgM and IgG ELISA, anti‐WNV neutralizing antibodies) and molecular tests were conducted on blood, liquor and urine of a 38‐year‐old man with encephalitis and meningitis. Overall, 2704 adult culicides from 160 mosquito catches were morphologically identified. Female mosquitoes were analysed in pools for WNV RNA detection. Serological (anti‐WNV IgM and IgG ELISA) and molecular analyses for WNV were carried out in 11 horses, 271 chickens and two dogs sampled in farms around the man's residence. Results and conclusions WNND was confirmed by serological analysis on patient's liquor and serum. Collected mosquito species included Culex pipiens (93.56%, CI95% 92.64%–94.49%), Aedes albopictus (5.25%, CI95% 4.41%–6.09%), Culex hortensis (0.59%, CI95% 0.30%–0.88%), Culiseta longiareolata (0.55%, CI95% 0.27%–0.83%) and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (0.04%, CI95% –0.04% to 0.11%). Mosquito pools were negative for WNV RNA. Two dogs (100%) and two horses (18.18%, CI95% –4.61 to 40.97%) resulted positive for anti‐WNV specific antibodies. The ‘One Health’ approach allowed to report the first human neuroinvasive WND in Sicily and to confirm the local circulation of WNV in animals of the same area where the clinical case occurred, defining the autochthonous origin of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Blanda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco La Russa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Giacchino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giustina Vitale
- U.O. Dipartimento Diagnostica Specialistica Patologie Diffusive, Regional Reference Center for diseases transmitted by arthropods, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Canuti M, Di Bella S, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Chiaramonte G, Schirò G, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081527. [PMID: 34452391 PMCID: PMC8402663 DOI: 10.3390/v13081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Equid and asinine gammaherpesviruses (GHVs; genus Percavirus) are members of the Herpesviridae family. Though GHVs have been reported in horse populations, less studies are available on gammaherpesviral infections in donkeys. This study reports the co-infection with two GHVs in Pantesco breed donkeys, an endangered Italian donkey breed. Samples (n = 124) were collected on a breeding farm in Southern Italy from 40 donkeys, some of which were healthy or presented erosive tongue lesions and/or mild respiratory signs. Samples were analysed by using a set of nested PCRs targeting the DNA polymerase, glycoprotein B, and DNA-packaging protein genes, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Twenty-nine donkeys (72.5%) tested positive, and the presence of Equid gammaherpesvirus 7 and asinine herpesvirus 5 was evidenced. In 11 animals, we found evidence for co-infection with viruses from the two species. Virions with herpesvirus-like morphology were observed by electron microscopic examination, and viruses were successfully isolated in RK-13-KY cell monolayers. The histological evaluation of tongue lesions revealed moderate lympho-granulocytic infiltrates and rare eosinophilic inclusions. The detection of GHVs in this endangered asinine breed suggests the need long-life monitoring within conservation programs and reinforces the need for further investigations of GHV’s pathogenetic role in asinine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi n. 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi n. 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Gabriele Chiaramonte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
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Di Bella S, Cannella V, Mira F, Di Marco P, Lastra A, Gucciardi F, Purpari G, Guercio A. The Effect of a 7 Year-Long Cryopreservation on Stemness Features of Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (cAD-MSC). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061755. [PMID: 34208255 PMCID: PMC8230844 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used in therapy in animal models and veterinary medicine, due to their capacity of inducing tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Their clinical application requires a ready off-the-shelf amount of viable therapeutics doses. For this purpose, it is useful to cryopreserve MSCs to gain a ready and controlled source of abundant autologous stem cells. We evaluated the effect of 7 years cryopreservation using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with different fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations (from 10 to 90%) on different passages of MSCs isolated from canine adipose tissue (cAD-MSCs). The study aimed to evaluate the most adequate cell passage and FBS percentage for the long-term cryopreservation of cells by maintaining the stemness features. Phenotype morphology, cell viability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials, proliferative potential and expression of pluripotency markers were analyzed in thawed cells and compared with fresh ones. We demonstrated that cells cryopreserved with at least 80% FBS maintain unaltered the stemness characteristics of the freshly isolated cells. In particular, cells of P0-P1 passages have to be expanded in vitro and subsequently cryopreserved and cells of P2-P4 passages should be considered in the studies on therapeutic application and in vitro study of cAD-MSCs.
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Decaro N, Balboni A, Bertolotti L, Martino PA, Mazzei M, Mira F, Pagnini U. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Dogs and Cats: Facts and Speculations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:619207. [PMID: 33644148 PMCID: PMC7902482 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.619207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Gambino D, Vicari D, Vitale M, Schirò G, Mira F, Giglia ML, Riccardi A, Gentile A, Giardina S, Carrozzo A, Cumbo V, Lastra A, Gargano V. Study on Bacteria Isolates and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife in Sicily, Southern Italy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:203. [PMID: 33478101 PMCID: PMC7835999 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild environments and wildlife can be reservoirs of pathogens and antibiotic resistance. Various studies have reported the presence of zoonotic bacteria, resistant strains, and genetic elements that determine antibiotic resistance in wild animals, especially near urban centers or agricultural and zootechnical activities. The purpose of this study was the analysis, by cultural and molecular methods, of bacteria isolated from wild animals in Sicily, Italy, regarding their susceptibility profile to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Bacteriological analyses were conducted on 368 wild animals, leading to the isolation of 222 bacterial strains identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. The most isolated species was Escherichia coli, followed by Clostridium perfringens and Citrobacter freundii. Antibiograms and the determination of resistance genes showed a reduced spread of bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance among wild animals in Sicily. However, since several wild animals are becoming increasingly close to residential areas, it is important to monitor their health status and to perform microbiological analyses following a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Gambino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Maria La Giglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Alessandra Riccardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Antonino Gentile
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Susanna Giardina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Anna Carrozzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Valentina Cumbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gargano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (V.C.); (A.L.); (V.G.)
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Ogbu KI, Chukwudi IC, Mira F, Eze UU, Di Bella S, Olaolu OS, Tion MT, Purpari G, Cannella V, Nwosuh IC, Guercio A, Anene BM. Current status and risk factors of canine parvovirus type 2 in North Central Nigeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101578. [PMID: 33246241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since its emergence in Nigeria, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection has posed problems to dog breeding and requires constant awareness and monitoring. In this study, the status, the assessment of extrinsic risk factors of parvoviral infection in dog kennels in North Central Nigeria, and isolation of the CPV-2 were carried out. Potential risk factors were considered during sampling: age, breed, sex, location, vaccination and health status, using well-structured questionnaires on dog owners with experience of CPV-2 infection. There was high prevalence which depended on age, breed, location, clinical status of the dog while vaccination status of the dogs did not influence the prevalence. CPV-2 vaccination compliance by the breeders and management system of the kennels were also observed as risk factors. Isolation of CPV-2a and -2c strains from Nigeria for further study has been reported. The spread of CPV-2 in Nigeria is increasing, hence needs for continual epidemiological monitoring and review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Ijeoma Chekwube Chukwudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ukamaka Uchenna Eze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Olushola Samuel Olaolu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Matthew Terzungwe Tion
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ignatius Chika Nwosuh
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Boniface Maduka Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Purpari G, Macaluso G, Di Bella S, Mira F, Cannella V, Gucciardi F, Castiglia A, Di Marco P, Guercio A. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in Mediterranean wild and farmed fish species: the experience of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily (Italy). Biodiversity Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.31396/biodiv.jour.2019.10.4.431.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Guercio A, Di Bella S, Macaluso G, Di Marco P, Piazza M, Russotto L, Vullo S, Mira F, Purpari G. The Biobank of the “Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale” of Sicily (Italy): an important resource in medical research for safe and quality storage of biological specimens. Biodiversity Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.31396/biodiv.jour.2019.10.4.427.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Purpari G, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Mira F, Barreca S, Di Paola L, Macaluso G, Di Marco P, Guercio A. Detection of human enteric viruses in water and shellfish samples collected in Sicily (Italy). Biodiversity Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.31396/biodiv.jour.2019.10.4.437.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Battilani M, Modugno F, Mira F, Purpari G, Di Bella S, Guercio A, Balboni A. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Italy from 1994 to 2017: recurrence of the CPV-2b variant. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:393. [PMID: 31684949 PMCID: PMC6829998 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the most important enteric virus infecting canids. It is a rapidly evolving virus; after its emergence in the 1970s, new antigenic variants (called CPV-2a, 2b and 2c) emerged and replaced the original antigenic type. The three antigenic variants are globally distributed with different frequencies and levels of genetic variability. This study focused on VP2 gene sequence analysis and the phylodynamics of CPV-2 which were detected in 123 dogs showing clinical signs of gastroenteritis collected in Italy from 1994 to 2017. Results For the most part, the sick dogs were young, and a third of them (32.5%) had been vaccinated. No statistical association was found between the CPV-2 antigenic variants, and sex, age, breed and vaccination status. Sequence analysis showed that all three antigenic types circulated in Italy; the CPV-2a type was the prominent genotype, followed by CPV-2c and CPV-2b, with notable differences regarding regional bases and significant fluctuations over time. Nucleotide sequence data showed high genetic heterogeneity with 67 nucleotide sequence types (ntSTs) identified, corresponding to 21 amino acid sequence types (aaSTs). The aaSTs and ntSTs obtained were distributed differently among the three CPV-2 antigenic variants: CPV-2a grouped 12/21 (57.1%) aaSTs and 41/67 (61.2%) ntSTs; CPV-2b grouped 5/21 (23.8%) aaSTs and 6/67 (8.9%) ntSTs, and CPV-2c grouped 4/21 (19.1%) aaSTs and 20/67 (29.9%) ntSTs. Canine parvovirus 2a was characterised by the highest genetic variability while CPV-2c was characterised by notable stability with a predominant amino acid profile during the entire sampling time. Canine parvovirus 2b re-emerged in recent years, showing a new and distinctive amino acid profile of the VP2 protein. Conclusions The findings of the present study provided new insights regarding the phylodynamics and evolution of CPV-2 in Italy, pointing out notable differences at the local level in the distribution of the CPV-2 variants and the selection of genetic subtypes. The evolution of CPV-2 has raised questions regarding the efficacy of vaccination; therefore, continuous monitoring regarding the evolution and spread of new CPV-2 variants should be a key aim of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Francesco Modugno
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Ogbu KI, Mira F, Purpari G, Nwosuh C, Loria GR, Schirò G, Chiaramonte G, Tion MT, Di Bella S, Ventriglia G, Decaro N, Anene BM, Guercio A. Nearly full-length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:635-647. [PMID: 31580520 PMCID: PMC7168533 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) emerged suddenly in the late 1970s as pathogen of dogs, causing a severe and often fatal gastroenteric disease. The original CPV‐2 was replaced by three antigenic variants, CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c, which to date have gained a worldwide distribution with different relative proportions. All previous studies conducted in Africa were based on partial VP2 gene sequences. The aim of this study was to provide a genome analysis to characterize the CPV strains collected in Nigeria, Africa. Rectal swab samples (n = 320) were collected in 2018 and tested by means of an immunochromatographic assay. Among the 144 positive samples, 59 were selected for further analyses using different molecular assays. The results revealed a high prevalence of CPV‐2c (91.5%) compared to the CPV‐2a variant (8.5%). The VP2 gene sequences showed a divergence from the strains analysed in 2010 in Nigeria and a closer connection with CPV strains of Asian origin. The non‐structural gene analysis evidenced amino acid changes never previously reported. The molecular analysis based on genomic sequences evidenced a geographical pattern of distribution of the analysed strains, suggesting a potential common evolutionary origin with CPV of Asian origin. This study represents the first CPV molecular characterization including all the encoding gene sequences conducted in the African continent and contributes to define the current geographical spread of the CPV variants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Chika Nwosuh
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Metthew Terzungwe Tion
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Boniface Maduka Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Purpari G, Di Bella S, Colaianni ML, Schirò G, Chiaramonte G, Gucciardi F, Pisano P, Lastra A, Decaro N, Guercio A. Spreading of canine parvovirus type 2c mutants of Asian origin in southern Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2297-2304. [PMID: 31254456 PMCID: PMC7159351 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) emerged as dog pathogen in the late 1970s, causing severe and often fatal epizootics of gastroenteritis in the canine population worldwide. Although to date CPV‐2 is circulating in all continents, most of the current studies have analysed the amino acid changes accounted in the VP2 gene sequence, with limited information on virus introductions from other countries. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic features of CPV‐2c strains currently spreading in Italy. Swabs and tissue samples were collected from dogs suspected of CPV infection. The nearly complete genome sequence from the CPV‐positive samples was obtained. The co‐circulation of two different but related CPV‐2c strains, with amino acid changes characteristic of CPV strains of Asian origin (NS1: 60V, 544F, 545F, 630P – NS2: 60V, 151N, 152V ‐ VP2: 5A/G, 267Y, 297A, 324I, 370R), were observed. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from the NS1 and VP2 gene sequences confirmed the relationship with Asian CPV‐2c strains. This study reports the spread of novel CPV‐2c mutants in Italy and supports further studies to evaluate the coexistence of genetically divergent CPV strains in the same geographical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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25
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Amato B, Mira F, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Guercio A, Russotto L, Gucciardi F, Vitale M, Lena A, Loria GR, Puleio R, Cannella V. A case of bovine trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma theileri in Sicily, Italy. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2723-2727. [PMID: 31302757 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite some researchers reporting clinical signs in cattle associated with Trypanosoma theileri, its role as a pathogen is still unclear. We describe here the isolation of Trypanosoma theileri during a routine laboratory investigation. Mature and immature vital parasitic forms were observed within hematopoietic cell cultures from the bone marrow of one cow for monocyte isolation. The animal was submitted to clinical examination and blood sample counting (CBC). Postmortem analysis included gross and histological examination and PCR in the liver, spleen, brain, lymph nodes, and lungs. PCR and Giemsa staining were used for parasite identification. A second cow belonging to the same farm was positive for Trypanosoma theileri by PCR performed on blood sample. In this case, the postmortem analysis included also testis. Clinical examination showed only a reduction in body weight in both cases. The CBC revealed an increase of lymphocytes and neutrophils while red blood cells were within the normal range. Spleen was slightly increased in volume and the histology revealed a proliferative activity of the white and red pulp. The biomolecular analysis identified the parasite as Trypanosoma theileri and its DNA was detected in the bone marrow, testis, and brain. The unusual finding of parasite in the brain, testis, and bone marrow raises new clinical implication on disease course and also possible sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Amato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Laura Russotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Antonino Lena
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, PA, Italy.
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Mira F, Rubio-Guerri C, Purpari G, Puleio R, Caracappa G, Gucciardi F, Russotto L, Loria GR, Guercio A. Circulation of a novel strain of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) in stranded cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9792. [PMID: 31278350 PMCID: PMC6611785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) has been responsible for several outbreaks of systemic infection and has resulted in cetacean strandings in the Mediterranean. In August-October 2016, seven striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded on the Sicilian coastline (Italy) tested positive for DMV. Tissue samples from brain, lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, heart, spleen, liver, stomach, intestine, kidneys and urinary bladder, as well as blowhole swabs, were collected during necropsy for molecular diagnostics and pathology studies. Extracted tissue RNA was screened for DMV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some tissues exhibited microscopic lesions that were consistent with DMV infection on histopathological and immunohistochemical grounds. Conventional reverse transcription PCR to target partial nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein genes yielded sequences used to genetically characterize the associated DMV strain. DMV RNA was detected by both PCR assays in all tested tissues of the seven dolphins, which suggests systemic infections, but was absent from another dolphin stranded on the Sicilian coastline during the same period. The partial phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein gene sequences from the positive dolphins were 99.7% and 99.5% identical, respectively, to the DMV sequences recently observed in cetaceans stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean. Our study suggests that this DMV strain is circulating in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Fundación Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, 46013, Spain.,VISAVET-Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Giulia Caracappa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Laura Russotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
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Monaco F, Purpari G, Di Gennaro A, Mira F, Di Marco P, Guercio A, Savini G. Immunological response in horses following West Nile virus vaccination with inactivated or recombinant vaccine. Vet Ital 2019; 55:73-79. [PMID: 30951184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the immunological response following vaccination, 40 WNV serologically negative horses were selected and divided in two groups of 20 animals. One group was vaccinated (booster after 28 days) with a whole inactivated viral strain and the second group with a live recombinant canarypox virus expressing the genes coding for the WNV preM/E viral proteins. IgM, IgG and neutralizing antibodies were monitored by class specific ELISAs and serum neutralization assay for 360 days. In both groups, IgM antibodies were first detected 7 days post vaccination (dpv). However, in the group vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, IgM antibodies were detected until day 42 pv, whereas in the group vaccinated with the recombinant vaccine, they were detected up to day 52 pv. A similar (P > 0.05) proportion of horses showed IgM antibodies after vaccination with either recombinant [30%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 14.59%-52.18%] or inactivated (32%; 95% CI: 15.39-54.28%) vaccine. Both vaccines induced in vaccinated horses a detectable IgG antibody response starting from day 7 pv and lasting till the end of the trial. Analogously, both products elicited WNV specific neutralizing antibodies. The response induced by the live canarypox virus-vectored vaccine was higher (mean titres 1:298 vs 1:18.9) and lasted longer than did that induced by the killed-virus vaccines. In fact, one year after the vaccination, neutralizing antibodies were still detectable in the horses which received the canarypox virus-based vaccine but not in the group vaccinated with the killed product. The use of vaccines is a valuable tool to prevent WNV disease in horses and the availability of different products facilitates the control of the disease in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale". Campo boario, 64100, Teramo.
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Mira F, Purpari G, Di Bella S, Vicari D, Schirò G, Di Marco P, Macaluso G, Battilani M, Guercio A. Update on canine distemper virus (CDV) strains of Arctic-like lineage detected in dogs in Italy. Vet Ital 2018; 54:225-236. [PMID: 30575000 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1455.7862.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiologic agent of distemper in dogs. It exhibits an elevated potential of crossing species barriers, infecting a wide range of wild and domestic carnivores. Of its encoding genes, hemagglutinin (H) shows high heterogeneity, and it was used to determine the relationship between CDV strains due to its variability and key role in determining cell tropism, host shift, and in eliciting a protective immune response. This study analysed the full-length H gene sequence of Arctic-like CDV strains collected from dogs in Italy during a period in which an increased activity of CDV diffusion was observed. The common amino acid changes and features of Arctic-like CDV strains collected from 2011 to 2016 in Europe were described, providing an updated analysis of the genomic features. A comparison with CDV vaccine strains was carried out to evaluate the increased genomic difference with CDV Arctic-like field strains. This study provides a complete and updated analysis of the current spreading strains of Arctic-like lineage and the main amino acid variations in the hemagglutinin gene sequence circulating in Italy. Moreover, it provides novel information regarding the evolution of the most recent CDV Arctic-like lineage strains collected in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
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Purpari G, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Macaluso G, Mira F, Barreca S, Di Paola L, Di Marco P, Petersen E, La Rosa G, Guercio A. Detection of human enteric viruses from shellfish, vegetable and water samples collected in Sicily. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Macaluso G, Di Bella S, Purpari G, Giudice E, Mira F, Gucciardi F, Marino AMF, Russo C, Gómez-Morales MA, Guercio A. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii from naturally and experimentally infected pigs. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 51:26-31. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1490026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Macaluso
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmelo Russo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Guercio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Dowgier G, Purpari G, Vicari D, Di Bella S, Macaluso G, Gucciardi F, Randazzo V, Decaro N, Guercio A. Molecular typing of a novel canine parvovirus type 2a mutant circulating in Italy. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 61:67-73. [PMID: 29548803 PMCID: PMC7185394 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the etiological agent of a severe viral disease of dogs. After its emergence in late 1970s, the CPV original type (CPV-2) was rapidly and totally replaced by three antigenic variants named CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. CPV has an evolutionary rate nearest to those of RNA viruses, with consequences on disease diagnosis and epidemiology. This paper reports the molecular characterization of eight CPV-2a strains collected from dogs in Italy in 2016–2017. Genetic analysis was conducted on a CPV genomic region encompassing both open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for nonstructural (NS1-NS2) and structural proteins (VP1-VP2). Sequence analysis indicates new and unreported sequence changes, mainly affecting the VP2 gene, which included the mutation Tyr324Leu. This study represents the first evidence of a new CPV-2a mutant (VP2 324Leu) and illustrates the importance of a continuous molecular survey in order to obtain more information on effective spread of new CPV mutants. Canine parvovirus strains collected from dogs in southern Italy were analyzed. Nearly complete genome sequences of the CPV strains were obtained and comparatively analyzed. A novel CPV-2a mutant with unreported sequence changes has been characterized. This study reports a novel CPV-2a mutant in genus Protoparvovirus. Our data confirmed the importance of the continuous epidemiological survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giulia Dowgier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Purpari G, Lorusso E, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Desario C, Macaluso G, Decaro N, Guercio A. Introduction of Asian canine parvovirus in Europe through dog importation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:16-21. [PMID: 29134762 PMCID: PMC7169687 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important infectious agent of domestic and wild carnivores, responsible for severe and often fatal haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and leukopenia. This paper reports the genomic characterization of a CPV strain collected from a dog recently imported to Italy from Thailand. The virus was detected in all tissue samples collected. The whole genome encompassing the two open reading frames encoding for non‐structural (NS1/NS2) and structural (VP1/VP2) proteins was amplified and sequenced. On the basis of genetic analysis of the VP2 gene, the isolate was characterized as CPV‐2c, but it presented genetic signatures typical of Asian strains. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of amino acid changes never observed in European CPV‐2c strains (NS1: Ile60Val, Tyr544Phe, Glu545Val, Leu630Pro; VP2: Ala5Gly, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg). By phylogenetic analysis of full‐length VP2 gene, the analysed strain clustered together with Asian viruses. Therefore, a possible introduction of the virus from Asia through the imported dog was suggested, thus confirming the important role of movement of dogs in the global spread of viruses. In addition, full‐length genome analysis could help better trace the spread of canine viruses through different continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
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Ciulli S, Purpari G, Agnello S, Di Marco P, Di Bella S, Volpe E, Mira F, de Aguiar Saldanha Pinheiro AC, Vullo S, Guercio A. Evidence for Tunisian-Like Pestiviruses Presence in Small Ruminants in Italy Since 2007. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1243-1253. [PMID: 27041547 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family, includes ssRNA+ viruses responsible for infectious diseases in pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and other domestic and wild ruminants. Like most of the RNA viruses, pestivirus has high genome variability with practical consequences on disease epidemiology, diagnosis and control. In addition to the officially recognized species in the genus Pestivirus, such as BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BDV and CSFV, other pestiviruses have been detected. Furthermore, most of the ruminant pestiviruses show low or absent species specificity observed in serological tests and are able to infect multiple species. Particularly, small ruminants are receptive hosts of the most heterogeneous group of pestiviruses. The aim of this study was to carry out the molecular characterization of pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in Sicily, Italy. Phylogenetic analysis of two viral genomic regions (a fragment of 5'-UTR and the whole Npro regions) revealed the presence of different pestivirus genotypes in the analysed goat and sheep herds. Two of five viral isolates were clustered with BVDV-1d viruses, a strain widespread in Italy, but never reported in Sicily. The other three isolates formed a distinct cluster with high similarity to Tunisian isolates, recently proposed as a new pestivirus species. This represents the first evidence for Tunisian-like pestivirus presence in small ruminants in Italy. Furthermore, one of the isolates was collected from a goat, representing the first isolation of Tunisian-like pestivirus from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - G Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Agnello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Di Marco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - F Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - S Vullo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
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Di Marco Lo Presti V, Purpari G, Biasibetti E, Capucchio M, Cannella V, Di Marco P, Mira F, Guarneri G, Fiasconaro M, Amato B, Guercio A. Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Cattle by Subgenotype BVDV-1h. J Comp Pathol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Purpari G, Savini G, Monaco F, Calistri P, Di Gennaro A, Cannella V, Vitale F, Mira F, Di Bella C, Guercio A, Lelli R. Importance of dogs as sentinels of West Nile Virus activity in urban and suburban areas. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sheterline P, Schofield JG, Mira F. Colchicine binding to bovine anterior pituitary slices and inhibition of growth-hormone release. Biochem J 1975; 148:453-9. [PMID: 1200986 PMCID: PMC1165563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of [ring C-methoxyl-3H]colchicine into bovine anterior pituitary slices was studied. The data suggest that more than one site exists for the binding of colchicine. At low concentrations colchicine binds to saturable trypsin-sensitive site(s), with a dissociation constant of 3.1 +/- 0.69 mug. The binding capacity of these sites is 8.58 +/- 0.60 pmol of colchicine/mg of wet pituitary. At higher colchicine concentrations binding occurs predominantly to sites which exhibit non-saturation kinetics. Subcellular fractionation of colchicine-labelled slices shows that 90% of the saturable sites are present in the fraction containing cytosol, where the binding protein has a molecular weight of about 11.9 x 10(4) and constitutes 0.7% of the protein present. The nuclear fraction contains 10% of the saturable sites, and the mitochondria and granule fraction contain only non-saturable sites. The rate of colchicine uptake was studied at 0.84 mm- and 2mum-colchicine. At both concentrations the colchicine space exceeded the total tissue water within 10 min. Equilibration with the saturable binding sites was complete in 120 min at 2mum-colchicine. A concentration of colchicine (13.4 mum) which would give 81% maximum binding was found to decrease the length of observable microtubules in tissue fixed at 37 degrees C in glutaraldehyde by 83 +/- 4%. The colchicine-binding protein could be partially purified by using a standard procedure for isolation of brain tubulin. Colchicine inhibits the release of growth hormone in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.1 mm), but does not alter basal release. The concentration-dependence of colchicine inhibition is similar to that of colchicine binding, but maximum inhibition is only 35%.
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