1
|
Sunder GS, Kumar CV, Panda A, Raju M, Rao SR. Effect of Supplemental Organic Zn and Mn on Broiler Performance, Bone Measures, Tissue Mineral Uptake and Immune Response at 35 Days of Age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/crpsaj.2013.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
2
|
Rao SVR, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Poonam NS, Murthy OK, Sunder GS. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic chromium on performance, carcass traits, oxidative parameters, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:135-41. [PMID: 22237421 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study effect of supplementing graded concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 μg/kg diet) of organic chromium (Cr) on performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 days of age. Body mass gain and feed efficiency at 21 and 42 days of age and relative mass of liver, abdominal fat, and ready to cook yields at 42 days of age were not affected (P > 0.05) by supplementing organic Cr in broiler diet. Body mass loss during pre-slaughter holding period (12 h) reduced and relative breast mass increased nonlinearly (P < 0.01) with concentration of Cr in diet. Lipid peroxidation decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased nonlinearly with Cr supplementation. The ratio between heterophyl and lymphocyte was not affected (P > 0.05) with Cr supplementation in broiler diet. Relative mass of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus) and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments employed. The cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased nonlinearly with dietary Cr concentration. The results of the present study indicated that supplementation of organic Cr did not influence body mass and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of the Cr reduced pre-slaughter holding losses, increased the relative mass of breast, and increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers reared in tropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Panda AK, Lavanya G, Pradeep Kumar Reddy E, Rama Rao S, Raju M, Shyam Sunder G. Utilization of quality protein maize in the diet of White Leghorn layers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
4
|
Raju M, Rao SR, Chakrabarti P, Rao B, Panda A, Devi BP, Sujatha V, Reddy J, Sunder GS, Prasad R. Rice bran lysolecithin as a source of energy in broiler chicken diet. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:769-74. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.640929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
5
|
Panda AK, Rao SVR, Raju MVLN, Lavanya G, Reddy EPK, Sunder GS. Early Growth Response of Broilers to Dietary Lysine at Fixed Ratio to Crude Protein and Essential Amino Acids. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Panda AK, Raju MVLN, Rao SVR, Lavanya G, Reddy EPK, Sunder GS. Nutritional evaluation and utilisation of quality protein maize, Nityashree hybrid maize, and normal maize in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:632-8. [PMID: 22029791 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.626758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to determine the apparent metabolisable energy, apparent digestible amino acid values, and utilisation of three maize varities in chickens: quality protein maize (QPM), hybrid maize Nityashree (HMN) and normal maize (NM). There was no significant difference in the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) content amongst the three varieties of maize. Lysine and threonine digestibilities were significantly higher in QPM compared to either HMN or NM. No difference in the digestibilities of other amino acids occurred among the three different maize varieties. There was no difference between diets containing NM or HMN for body weight gain (21 and 40 d of age) and overall feed conversion ratio (0-40 d), but values were significantly higher for QPM (and Lys-supplemented NM) diets. The relative weights of dressed meat yield and giblets were unaffected by dietary replacement of NM with QPM, HMN, or Lys supplementation of the NM diet. However, abdominal fat content decreased and breast meat yield increased with both dietary replacement of NM with QPM and Lys supplementation of the NM diet. The concentration of protein in serum was significantly increased by dietary replacement of NM with QPM. Adding Lys to the NM based diet significantly increased the Ca concentration in serum compared with NM or HMN diets. However, the highest concentration of Ca in serum was found in the QPM diet. The concentration of total cholesterol in serum significantly decreased by either replacing NM with QPM or adding Lys to the NM based diet, compared with the NM diet. These results suggested that the feeding value of quality protein maize was superior to normal maize, while the feeding value of hybrid maize Nityashree was similar to that of normal maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Panda
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rao SVR, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Saharia P, Sunder GS. Effect of Supplementing Betaine on Performance, Carcass Traits and Immune Responses in Broiler Chicken Fed Diets Containing Different Concentrations of Methionine. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Poonam NS, Shyam Sunder G. Effect of dietary α -tocopherol concentration on performance and some immune responses in broiler chickens fed on diets containing oils from different sources. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:97-105. [PMID: 21337204 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.548792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. An investigation was carried out into the effects of dietary α-tocopherol (α-T) concentration and source of supplemental oil on performance, activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and some immune responses in broilers from day-old to 41 d of age. 2. Three dietary concentrations of α-T (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) with three sources of supplemental oil (sunflower - SFO, palm - PMO and safflower - SAO) were provided using a 3 × 3 experimental design. 3. Body weight gain and food conversion efficiency were not affected by either interaction or concentrations of α-T and sources of oil in diet. 4. Concentrations of total protein, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol in sera increased significantly with dietary α-T concentration irrespective of the source of oil. Significantly higher concentration of serum albumin was evident in broilers fed on the SFO-based diet and the concentration of globulin was higher in groups fed on those diets containing PMO and SAO. 5. The lipid peroxidation (LP), measured as MDA release, decreased with the concentration of α-T in a dose-related manner with SFO- and SAO-based diets, although not with the PMO-based diet. With different oil sources, LP was significantly lower with the PMO-based diet compared to the others. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and RBC catalase increased and heterophil: lymphocyte ratio was reduced with concentration of α-T for each source of oil tested. 6. Assays for humoral and cell-mediated immune responses indicated no effect of the source of dietary supplemental oil or interaction, although an increasing concentration of dietary α-T improved cell-mediated immune responses. 7. It is concluded that sunflower oil, palm oil and safflower oil can be used as sources of oil for broiler diets without having any effect on performance, immune responses or the activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes. Higher concentrations of dietary α-tocopherol (50 or 100 mg/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation activity and enhanced activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, they also improved the cell-mediated immune responses in commercial broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panda AK, Raju MVLN, Rao SVR, Lavanya G, Reddy EPK, Sunder GS. Replacement of Normal Maize with Quality Protein Maize on Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Bhanja SK, Devi CA, Panda AK, Sunder GS. Effect of Post-hatch Nutrient Intubation on Performance, Intestinal Growth, Meat Yield and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Sunder GS, Kumar CV, Panda AK, Rao SVR, Raju MVLN. Influence of Energy Restriction and Pre-incubation Holding Period of Eggs on Fertility and Hatchability in Aged Broiler Breeders. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Shyam Sunder G, Sharma RP. Performance and bone mineralisation in broiler chicks fed on diets with different concentrations of cholecalciferol at a constant ratio of calcium to non-phytate phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2009; 50:528-35. [PMID: 19735023 DOI: 10.1080/00071660903125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment was conducted with broiler female chicks (720) to study the effects of graded concentrations (75, 15, 225 or 30 microg/kg) of cholecalciferol (CC) in diets containing varying levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) at a 2:1 ratio (4:2, 5:25, 6:3 or 7:35 g/kg, respectively), on the performance (2-35 d of age), bone mineralisation and mineral (Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Cu) concentration in excreta. 2. Body weight gain, food intake, tibia density and tibia ash increased, and leg abnormality score decreased with dietary increase of CC from 75 to 30 microg at 4 g Ca and 2 g NPP. However, this improvement was not comparable with the birds receiving the highest concentrations of CC, Ca and NPP (30 microg, 7 g and 3.5 g, respectively/kg diet). 3. Significant improvements in the majority of parameters noted with increasing CC up to 225 microg at 5 g Ca and 25 g NPP/kg, which was comparable to those fed the highest levels of CC, Ca and NPP. 4. Concentrations of Ca, P, Mn, Fe and Cu in excreta decreased significantly with increasing CC at all Ca:NPP ratios tested. 5. The predicted requirement of CC for most of the parameters ranged between 1625 and 25 microg/kg diet at 5 g Ca and 25 g NPP. 6. Considering the performance, bone mineralisation, and mineral concentration in excreta, it can be concluded that Ca and NPP levels in broiler diet could be reduced to 5 and 25 g, respectively, while maintaining CC at 25 microg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Research Station, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhanja SK, Devi CA, Panda AK, Sunder GS. Effect of Post Hatch Feed Deprivation on Yolk-sac Utilization and Performance of Young Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.80528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Panda AK, Rao SVR, Raju MVLN, Sunder GS. Effect of Butyric Acid on Performance, Gastrointestinal Tract Health and Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.80298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Sunder GS, Kumar "VA, Panda AK, Gopinath NCS, Raju MVLN, Rama Rao SV, Reddy MR. Effect of Measured Energy Restriction and Age Intervals on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Parameters, Bone Characteristics and Stress in Broiler Breeders during the Rearing Period. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.70548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Sunder GS, Panda A, Gopinath N, Rao SVR, Raju M, Reddy M, Kumar CV. Effects of Higher Levels of Zinc Supplementation on Performance, Mineral Availability, and Immune Competence in Broiler Chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2007-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Rama Rao S, Raju M, Panda A, Poonam N, Sunder GS, Sharma R. Utilisation of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal in broiler chicken diets. Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:81-5. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660701827888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Sunder GS, Kumar CV, Panda AK, Raju MVLN, Rama Rao SV, Gopinath NCS, Reddy MR. Restriction of Metabolizable Energy in Broiler Growers and Its Impact on Grower and Breeder Performance. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Rao SVR, Raju M, Panda A, Sunder GS, Sharma R. Effect of High Concentrations of Cholecalciferol on Growth, Bone Mineralization, and Mineral Retention in Broiler Chicks Fed Suboptimal Concentrations of Calcium and Nonphytate Phosphorus. J APPL POULTRY RES 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/15.4.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
20
|
Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Sunder GS, Panda AK, Pavani P. Growth, Bone Mineralization and Mineral Excretion in Broiler Starter Chicks Fed Varied Concentrations of Cholecalciferol. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
21
|
Raju MVLN, Sunder GS, Chawak MM, Rao SVR, Sadagopan VR. Response of naked neck (Nana) and normal (nana) broiler chickens to dietary energy levels in a subtropical climate. Br Poult Sci 2004; 45:186-93. [PMID: 15222415 DOI: 10.1080/00071660410001715786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The comparative response of naked neck (Nana) broiler chickens and their normally feathered (nana) full sibs to varied dietary energy levels was assessed under natural ambient conditions in a subtropical climate in two separate trials, one in winter (19.0 to 26.0 degrees C) and the other in summer (28.1 to 37.4 degrees C). 2. The chickens were fed on diets with 10.9, 11.5 or 12.1 MJ ME/kg and with a constant protein content of 200 g/kg from 1 to 42 d of age. 3. Both genotypes showed similar body weight, food intake and food conversion efficiency at 42 d of age. Body weight and food conversion efficiency improved on the diet with the highest energy content. 4. Apparent retention (AR) of crude protein (CP) was higher in nana chickens than in their Nana sibs in the winter trial, while no differences were observed for AR of dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE) or calcium. In the summer trial, no difference in nutrient retention was seen between the genotypes. Increasing dietary energy had a positive influence on AR of DM, CP and EE. 5. The relative weights of feathers and skin were lower in Nana chickens than in their normal counterparts. Ready-to-cook yields were greater at the high dietary energy content, while abdominal fat increased with increasing energy content. Nana chickens had more skin protein and less fat in breast muscle and skin than their normal sibs in the summer trial. 6. It was concluded that the Nana broiler chickens showed similar performance and did not differ in dietary energy requirements in comparison to their nana sibs under natural ambient conditions in a subtropical climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V L N Raju
- Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rama Rao S, Panda A, Raju M, Shyam Sunder G, Praharaj N. Requirement of calcium for commercial broilers and white leghorn layers at low dietary phosphorus levels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
23
|
Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Reddy MR, Pavani P, Sunder GS, Sharma RP. Dietary Calcium and Non-phytin Phosphorus Interaction on Growth, Bone Mineralization and Mineral Retention in Broiler Starter Chicks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Rama Rao SV, Sunder GS, Reddy MR, Praharaj NK, Raju MV, Panda AK. Effect of supplementary choline on the performance of broiler breeders fed on different energy sources. Br Poult Sci 2001; 42:362-7. [PMID: 11469557 DOI: 10.1080/00071660120055340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
1. Laying performance, egg quality, fertility and hatchability, and fat deposition in liver and abdomen were recorded in broiler breeders (29 to 48 weeks of age) fed on diets containing perarl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) (PM), broken rice (BR) or yellow maize (YM) (600 g/kg diet). Constant ratios of metabolisable energy (ME) to other nutrients were maintained in all the diets. Food grade choline chloride (50%) was added to the diets at 3 concentrations (0, 760 and 1,520 mg/kg). Each diet was offered to 3 replicate groups of 15 birds (12 hens and 3 cockerels), maintained in deep litter pens, to provide 1.46 MJ ME/bird/d. 2. Neither the source of energy nor dietary choline content had any influence on hen-d egg production, fertility or hatchability. Food efficiency and egg weight were significantly reduced in BR-fed groups compared to those fed on the other energy sources. 3. The efficiency of energy and protein utilisation increased and liver fat content was decreased significantly by dietary choline supplementation. 4. Haugh unit score, egg shell weight, liver weight and intestinal weight were not influenced by either supplementary choline or the source of energy. However, the yolk colour index was significantly reduced in PM- or BR-fed groups compared to those fed on the maize-based diet. 5. Deposition of abdominal fat was significantly greater in BR-fed birds compared to those fed on the YM-based diet, while liver fat content was significantly greater in the birds fed on the PM-or BR-based diets than those based on YM. Although supplementation of the diet with choline had no influence on abdominal fat deposition, liver fat content was significantly reduced in birds given diet containing 760 mg supplemental choline/kg diet. 6. The present study indicates that PM or BR can be used as principal energy sources in place of YM in broiler breeder diets without affecting egg production, fertility or hatchability. Liver fat content can be reduced by adding choline at 760 mg/kg to diets based on different energy sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rao SV, Reddy MR, Prarharaj NK, Sunder GS. Laying performance of broiler breeder chickens fed various millets or broken rice as a source of energy at a constant nutrient intake. Trop Anim Health Prod 2000; 32:329-38. [PMID: 11059041 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005221224701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Laying performance, egg quality and carcase traits were recorded in broiler breeders (29-48 weeks of age) fed diets in which pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), foxtail millet (Setaria italica) or broken rice fully replaced yellow maize (50% of the diet) from the reference diet. Constant ratios of metabolizable energy to other nutrients were maintained in all the diets. Each diet provided 1.38 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/bird per day to 8 replicate groups of 10 layers each, maintained in deep litter pens. The hen-day egg production and the ME required to produce 12 eggs in birds fed pearl millet or broken rice were similar (p > 0.05) to those fed on the maize diet, while birds fed foxtail millet or finger millet required more energy to produce the same number of eggs. The egg production and the efficiency of energy utilization were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the birds fed these two cereals. Egg quality was not affected by replacing maize with the different cereals. However, the yolk colour index was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the cereal-fed groups in comparison to the maize-fed birds. The gizzard and giblet weights were heavier (p < 0.05) in the birds fed foxtail millet or finger millet than in those fed broken rice. Deposition of abdominal fat and the liver fat content were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the birds fed pearl millet than in the other groups. Depending on the local prices, the cost of feeding may be reduced considerably by using any of the cereals tested as the principal energy source in place of maize in broiler breeder diets.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sunder GS, Jensen JF. Influence of NaOH-Treatment and Steam-Pelleting on Wheat Bran and Effects on Broiler Chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1987.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
Urethral pressure profiles were recorded in a series of patients with traumatic lesions of the spinal cord producing vesico-urethral dysfunction. Patients were classified into groups depending upon the relationship of the lesion to the sympathetic outflow to the bladder and urethra from the spinal cord. Using alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, the smooth muscle contribution to the maximum urethral pressure was ascertained in each group and differences in both the configuration of the profile, and the smooth muscle component, were found. Increases in the maximum urethral pressure in response to a change in posture were also investigated, and the extent of the increase found to vary according to the level of the spinal lesion in respect of the sympathetic outflow, and with the integrity of the sacral cholinergic reflex arcs. The hypothesis that these changes may be due to urethral "decentralisation supersensitivity" from alterations in circulating catecholamine levels is suggested.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
It is now twenty years since the authors first performed division of the external sphincter region in the treatment of the neuropathic bladder. Although a ten year report was published in 1967, it was decided to review all the patients at the end of the twenty year period. The rationale of the operation in the upper motor neurone lesion has been confirmed by modern investigative techniques, while it appears from recent work that the success of the procedure in the lower motor neurone case is due to division of plain muscle which is subjected to excessive sympathetic stimulation. It is the authors' firm conviction that long term catheterization, whether permanent or intermittent is a confession of failure and can be avoided in the vast majority of patients. The operation has proved of permanent benefit especially with the regard to the elimination of residual urine. Further, hydronephrosis, and renal infection and failure, are also benefited in many cases. These factors are of great importance in a condition in which late morbidity and mortality has been usually due to renal causes.
Collapse
|
29
|
|