1
|
Xu G, Du F, Kuo GH, Xu JZ, Liang Y, Demarest K, Gaul MD. 5,5-Difluoro- and 5-Fluoro-5-methyl-hexose-based C-Glucosides as potent and orally bioavailable SGLT1 and SGLT2 dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127387. [PMID: 32738984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-Aryl-5,5-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diols and (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-aryl-5-fluoro-5-methyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diols were discovered as dual inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporter proteins (e.g. SGLT1 and SGLT2) through rational drug design, efficient synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Compound 6g demonstrated potent dual inhibitory activities (IC50 = 96 nM for SGLT1 and IC50 = 1.3 nM for SGLT2). It showed robust inhibition of blood glucose excursion in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats when dosed at both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg orally. It also demonstrated postprandial glucose control in db/db mice when dosed orally at 10 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Xu
- Discovery Sciences and Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States.
| | - Fuyong Du
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Discovery Sciences and Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - June Zhi Xu
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Yin Liang
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Keith Demarest
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Michael D Gaul
- Discovery Sciences and Metabolic Research, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu G, Gaul MD, Kuo GH, Du F, Xu JZ, Wallace N, Hinke S, Kirchner T, Silva J, Huebert ND, Lee S, Murray W, Liang Y, Demarest K. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-aryltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diols as potent and orally active SGLT dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3446-3453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
3
|
Du F, Hinke SA, Cavanaugh C, Polidori D, Wallace N, Kirchner T, Jennis M, Lang W, Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Lenhard J, Demarest K, Ajami NJ, Liang Y, Hornby PJ. Potent Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter SGLT1/2 Dual Inhibition Improves Glycemic Control Without Marked Gastrointestinal Adaptation or Colonic Microbiota Changes in Rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:676-687. [PMID: 29674332 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) transport glucose across the intestinal brush border and kidney tubule. Dual SGLT1/2 inhibition could reduce hyperglycemia more than SGLT2-selective inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, questions remain about altered gastrointestinal (GI) luminal glucose and tolerability, and this was evaluated in slc5a1-/- mice or with a potent dual inhibitor (compound 8; SGLT1 Ki = 1.5 ± 0.5 nM 100-fold greater potency than phlorizin; SGLT2 Ki = 0.4 ± 0.2 nM). 13C6-glucose uptake was quantified in slc5a1-/- mice and in isolated rat jejunum. Urinary glucose excretion (UGE), blood glucose (Sprague-Dawley rats), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (Zucker diabetic fatty rats) were measured. Intestinal adaptation and rRNA gene sequencing was analyzed in C57Bl/6 mice. The blood 13C6-glucose area under the curve (AUC) was reduced in the absence of SGLT1 by 75% (245 ± 6 vs. 64 ± 6 mg/dl⋅h in wild-type vs. slc5a1-/- mice) and compound 8 inhibited its transport up to 50% in isolated rat jejunum. Compound 8 reduced glucose excursion more than SGLT2-selective inhibition (e.g., AUC = 129 ± 3 vs. 249 ± 5 mg/dl⋅h for 1 mg/kg compound 8 vs. dapagliflozin) with similar UGE but a lower renal glucose excretion threshold. In Zucker diabetic fatty rats, compound 8 decreased HbA1c and increased total GLP-1 without changes in jejunum SGLT1 expression, mucosal weight, or villus length. Overall, compound 8 (1 mg/kg for 6 days) did not increase cecal glucose concentrations or bacterial diversity in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, potent dual SGLT1/2 inhibition lowers blood glucose by reducing intestinal glucose absorption and the renal glucose threshold but minimally impacts the intestinal mucosa or luminal microbiota in chow-fed rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Du
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Simon A Hinke
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Cassandre Cavanaugh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - David Polidori
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Nathanial Wallace
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Matthew Jennis
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Wensheng Lang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Micheal D Gaul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - James Lenhard
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Keith Demarest
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Yin Liang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Pamela J Hornby
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Liang Y, Xu JZ, Du F, Hornby P, Xu G, Qi J, Wallace N, Lee S, Grant E, Murray WV, Demarest K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzocyclobutane-C-glycosides as potent and orally active SGLT1/SGLT2 dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29523385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzocyclobutane-C-glycosides as potent and orally active SGLT1/SGLT2 dual inhibitors are described. Compound 19 showed high inhibitory potency at SGLT1 (IC50 = 45 nM), and excellent potency at SGLT2 (IC50 = 1 nM). It also displayed excellent PK profiles in mice, rats, dogs and monkeys (F = 78-107%). In SD rats, compound 19 treatments significantly reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. In ZDF rats, compound 19 displayed anti-hyperglycemic effect up to 24 h. Therefore, compound 19 may serve as valuable pharmacological tool, and potential use as a treatment for metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hong Kuo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Micheal D Gaul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Yin Liang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - June Z Xu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Fuyong Du
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Pamela Hornby
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jenson Qi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Nathaniel Wallace
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Eugene Grant
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - William V Murray
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Keith Demarest
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qi J, Masucci JA, Lang W, Connelly MA, Caldwell GW, Petrounia I, Kirkpatrick J, Barnakov AN, Struble G, Miller R, Dzordzorine K, Kuo GH, Gaul M, Pocai A, Lee S. Novel LC/MS/MS and High-Throughput Mass Spectrometric Assays for Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase Inhibitors. SLAS Discov 2017; 22:433-439. [PMID: 28328322 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217690101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes (MGAT1, MGAT2, and MGAT3) convert monoacylglycerol to diacylglycerol (DAG). MGAT1 and MGAT2 are both implicated in obesity-related metabolic diseases. Conventional MGAT enzyme assays use radioactive substrates, wherein the product of the MGAT-catalyzed reaction is usually resolved by time-consuming thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Furthermore, microsomal membrane preparations typically contain endogenous diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) from the host cells, and these DGAT activities can further acylate DAG to form triglyceride (TG). Our mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, or LC/MS/MS) MGAT2 assay measures human recombinant MGAT2-catalyzed formation of didecanoyl-glycerol from 1-decanoyl-rac-glycerol and decanoyl-CoA, to produce predominantly 1,3-didecanoyl-glycerol. Unlike 1,2-DAG, 1,3-didecanoyl-glycerol is proved to be not susceptible to further acylation to TG. 1,3-Didecanoyl-glycerol product can be readily solubilized and directly subjected to high-throughput mass spectrometry (HTMS) without further extraction in a 384-well format. We also have established the LC/MS/MS MGAT activity assay in the intestinal microsomes from various species. Our assay is proved to be highly sensitive, and thus it allows measurement of endogenous MGAT activity in cell lysates and tissue preparations. The implementation of the HTMS MGAT activity assay has facilitated the robust screening and evaluation of MGAT inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenson Qi
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - John A Masucci
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Wensheng Lang
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Margery A Connelly
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Gary W Caldwell
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ioanna Petrounia
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kirkpatrick
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Alexander N Barnakov
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Struble
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Robyn Miller
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Keli Dzordzorine
- 2 Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael Gaul
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Seunghun Lee
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qi J, Lang W, Connelly MA, Du F, Liang Y, Caldwell GW, Martin T, Hansen MK, Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Pocai A, Lee S. Metabolic tracing of monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 activity in vitro and in vivo. Anal Biochem 2016; 524:68-75. [PMID: 27665677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) from free fatty acids (FFA) and sn-monoacylglycerol (MG), the two major hydrolysis products of dietary fat. To demonstrate MGAT2-mediated cellular activity of triglyceride (TG) synthesis, we utilized 1-oleoyl-glycerol-d5 as a substrate to trace MGAT2-driven 1-oleoyl-glycerol-d5 incorporation into TG in HEK293 cells stably expressing human MGAT2. The oleoyl-glycerol-d5 incorporated major TG species were then quantified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS) in a 96-well format. Conventional MGAT2 target-engagement in vivo assays measure the elevation of total plasma TG by orally dosing a bolus of TG oil. We developed a novel LC/ESI/MS/MS-based fat absorption assay to assess the ability of MGAT2 inhibitors to inhibit fat absorption in CD1 mice by a meal tolerance test consisting of a mixture of liquid Boost plus® and 0.59 g/kg U13C-TG oil. The newly resynthesized plasma heavy TGs containing three 13C in the glycerol backbone and two U13C-acyl-chains, which represented the digested, absorbed and resynthesized TGs, were then quantitated by LC/ESI/MS/MS. With this assay, we identified a potent MGAT2 inhibitor that blocked MGAT2-mediated activity in vitro and in vivo. The use of 1-oleoyl-glycerol-d5 and U13C-TG oil followed by LC/ESI/MS/MS detection of stable-isotopic labeled DAG, TG, or glycerol provides a wide range of applications to study pathophysiological regulation of the monoacylglycerol pathway and MGAT2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenson Qi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
| | - Wensheng Lang
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Fuyong Du
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Yin Liang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Gary W Caldwell
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Tonya Martin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Michael K Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Michael D Gaul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang SM, Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Murray WV. Synthesis of β-Substituted Cyclic Enones via Phosphonium Salt-Activated, Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Cyclic 1,3-Diones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3464-9. [PMID: 27052958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonium salt-activated, Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of cyclic 1,3-diones in the synthesis of β-substituted cyclic enones are described. These transformations exhibit good isolated yield and high generality with respect to both substrates and coupling partners. Extension of the substrate scope to cyclic 1,3-dione equivalents, such as 2-cyanocyclohexanone (4), is also briefly examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ming Yang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Michael D Gaul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - William V Murray
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang SM, Tang Y, Rano T, Lu H, Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Li Y, Ho G, Lang W, Conway JG, Liang Y, Lenhard JM, Demarest KT, Murray WV. 4-Bicyclic heteroaryl-piperidine derivatives as potent, orally bioavailable stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitors: Part 2. Pyridazine-based analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1437-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
Yang SM, Tang Y, Zhang R, Lu H, Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Li Y, Ho G, Conway JG, Liang Y, Lenhard JM, Demarest KT, Murray WV. 4-Bicyclic heteroaryl-piperidine derivatives as potent, orally bioavailable Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitors. Part 1: Urea-based analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6773-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang X, Song F, Kuo GH, Xiang A, Gibbs AC, Abad MC, Sun W, Kuo LC, Sui Z. Optimization of a pyrazole hit from FBDD into a novel series of indazoles as ketohexokinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4762-7. [PMID: 21767952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of indazoles have been discovered as KHK inhibitors from a pyrazole hit identified through fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). The optimization process guided by both X-ray crystallography and solution activity resulted in lead-like compounds with good pharmaceutical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang A, Zhang Y, Lu S, Murray WV, Kuo GH. An efficient and scalable synthesis of (2R,αS)-3,4-dihydro-2-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-α-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-quinolineethanol: A potent CETP inhibitor. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Wang A, Prouty CP, Pelton PD, Yong M, Demarest KT, Murray WV, Kuo GH. Synthesis and discovery of 2,3-dihydro-3,8-diphenylbenzo[1,4]oxazines as a novel class of potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1432-5. [PMID: 20089400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-3,8-diphenylbenzo[1,4]oxazines were identified as a new class of potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. The most potent compound 6a (IC50=26 nM) possessed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with good oral bioavailability in rat (F=53%) and long human liver microsome stability (t(1/2)=62 min). It increased HDL-C in human CETP transgenic mice and high-fat fed hamsters. The structure and activity relationship of this series will be described in this Letter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rano TA, Kuo GH. Improved Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-α-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-quinolineethanol, a Potent Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor. Org Lett 2009; 11:2812-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900639j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Rano
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.,1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.,1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rano TA, Sieber-McMaster E, Pelton PD, Yang M, Demarest KT, Kuo GH. Design and synthesis of potent inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) exploiting a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline platform. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2456-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Kuo GH, Rano T, Pelton P, Demarest KT, Gibbs AC, Murray WV, Damiano BP, Connelly MA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (2R,alphaS)-3,4-dihydro-2-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-quinolineethanol as potent and orally active cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1768-72. [PMID: 19236017 DOI: 10.1021/jm801319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of identifying a CETP inhibitor with high in vitro potency and optimal in vivo efficacy, a conformationally constrained molecule was designed based on the highly potent and flexible 13. The synthetic chemistry efforts led to the discovery of the potent and selective 12. In high-fat fed hamsters, human CETP transgenic mice, and cynomolgus monkeys, the in vivo efficacy of 12 for raising HDL-C was demonstrated to be comparable to torcetrapib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hong Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang R, DeAngelis A, Wang A, Sieber-McMaster E, Li X, Russell R, Pelton P, Xu J, Zhu P, Zhou L, Demarest K, Murray WV, Kuo GH. Discovery and SAR of para-alkylthiophenoxyacetic acids as potent and selective PPARδ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1101-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Reuman M, Hu Z, Kuo GH, Li X, Russell RK, Shen L, Youells S, Zhang Y. Synthesis of a 5-((Aryloxy)methyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)[1,2,4]thiadiazole Derivative: A Promising PPARα,δ Agonist. Org Process Res Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/op700141u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reuman
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Xun Li
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Ronald K. Russell
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Lan Shen
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Scott Youells
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen L, Zhang Y, Wang A, Sieber-McMaster E, Chen X, Pelton P, Xu JZ, Yang M, Zhu P, Zhou L, Reuman M, Hu Z, Russell R, Gibbs AC, Ross H, Demarest K, Murray WV, Kuo GH. Synthesis and identification of [1,2,4]thiadiazole derivatives as a new series of potent and orally active dual agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3954-63. [PMID: 17608467 DOI: 10.1021/jm070511x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations. To effectively target dyslipidemia to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it may be beneficial to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) PPARalpha and PPARdelta simultaneously through a single molecule. Replacement of the methylthiazole of 5 (the PPARdelta selective agonist) with [1,2,4]thiadiazole gave compound 13, which unexpectedly displayed submicromolar potency as a partial agonist at PPARalpha in addition to the high potency at PPARdelta. Optimization of 13 led to the identification of 24 as a potent and selective PPARalpha/delta dual agonist. Compound 24 and its close analogs represent a new series of PPARalpha/delta dual agonists. The high potency, significant gene induction, excellent PK profiles, and good in vivo efficacies in three animal models may render compound 24 as a valuable pharmacological tool in elucidating the complex roles of PPARalpha/delta dual agonists and as a potential treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shen
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Cedarbrook Corporate Center, 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song F, Lu S, Gunnet J, Xu JZ, Wines P, Proost J, Liang Y, Baumann C, Lenhard J, Murray WV, Demarest KT, Kuo GH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-(4-phenoxy)-propionic acid as a novel series of G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2807-17. [PMID: 17500511 DOI: 10.1021/jm070130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of a subset of the J&J compound library containing the carboxylic acid functional group uncovered a bromophenyl derivative as a moderate potent GPR40 agonist. Chemical elaboration of this bromophenyl led to the discovery of a novel series of GPR40 agonists with submicromolar potency. Among them, 22 and 24 behaved as full agonists when compared to the endogenous GPR40 ligand linolenic acid in a functional Ca+2 flux assay in HEK cells expressing GPR40 receptor. Several GPR40 agonists have also demonstrated the ability to induce glucose-mediated insulin secretion in the mouse MIN6 pancreatic beta-cell line. Our data supports the hypothesis that GPR40 may play an important role in fatty acid-mediated glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Compound 22 exhibited good pharmacokinetic profile in rat and may serve as a good candidate for in vivo study and may help to determine if GPR40 agonists would be beneficial in the treatment of type II diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Song
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang R, Wang A, DeAngelis A, Pelton P, Xu J, Zhu P, Zhou L, Demarest K, Murray WV, Kuo GH. Discovery of para-alkylthiophenoxyacetic acids as a novel series of potent and selective PPARdelta agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3855-9. [PMID: 17524639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent and selective PPARdelta agonists, para-alkylthiophenoxyacetic acids, was identified. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu WN, McKown LA, Kuo GH. Hepatic metabolism of two alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor antagonists, phthalimide-phenylpiperazine analogs (RWJ-69205 and RWJ-69471), in the rat, dog and human. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 31:271-6. [PMID: 17315538 DOI: 10.1007/bf03190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The In vitro metabolism of two alpha-1A-adrenergic antagonists, RWJ-69205 and RWJ-69471 (phthalimide-phenylpiperazine analogs), was assessed after 30 and 60 min incubations with rat, dog and human hepatic S9 fractions in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. Unchanged RWJ-69205 (> or = 72% of the sample in all species) plus 3 metabolites from the RWJ-69205 incubations, and unchanged RWJ-69471 (> or = 60% of the sample in all species) and 7 metabolites from the RWJ-69471 incubations, were profiled, quantified, and tentatively identified on the basis of API-MS and MS/MS data. The formation of RWJ-69205 and RWJ-69471 metabolites are via the following five metabolic pathways: 1. phenylhydroxylation, 2. O-dealkylation, 3. oxidative N-dealkylation, 4. N-dephenylation, and 5. dehydration. Pathway 1 formed 2 major/moderate hydroxy-phenyl metabolites of 2 analogs (4-17%) in all species, and pathway 2 produced 2 O-desisopropyl metabolites of 2 analogs in major/moderate (7-16%) in rat and human, and in trace (< 1%) in dog; in conjunction with pathway 1, yielded a minor diphenolic metabolite (< 1-2%) in RWJ-69471. Pathway 3 formed a minor N-dealkylated metabolite, isopropoxyphenyl piperazine (< 1-6%) in all species of 2 analogs. Pathways 4 and 5 produced 2 minor N-desphenyl metabolite and dehydrated metabolite, respectively, in rat and human S9 (< or = 1-2%) in RWJ-69471. Both RWJ-69205 and RWJ-69471 were less extensively metabolized in the dog. However, rat and human appeared to metabolize RWJ-69471 more extensively than RWJ-69205 in this hepatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W N Wu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuo GH, Deangelis A, Emanuel S, Wang A, Zhang Y, Connolly PJ, Chen X, Gruninger RH, Rugg C, Fuentes-Pesquera A, Middleton SA, Jolliffe L, Murray WV. Synthesis and identification of [1,3,5]triazine-pyridine biheteroaryl as a novel series of potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4535-46. [PMID: 15999992 DOI: 10.1021/jm040214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of previous studies, we identified pyrazine-pyridine A as a potent vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor and pyrimidine-pyridine B as a moderately potent cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. A proposed combination of CGP-60474 and compound B led to the discovery of [1,3,5]triazine-pyridine as a new series of potent CDK inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond formation reactions, particularly the Negishi coupling reaction, were used to assemble various triazine-heteroaryl analogues effectively. Among them, compound 20 displayed high inhibitory potency at CDK1 (IC(50) = 0.021 microM), CDK2, and CDK5 and submicromolar potency at CDK4, CDK6, and CDK7. Compound 20 also displayed high potency at GSK-3beta. It demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity on various tumor cell lines, including HeLa, HCT-116, U937, and A375. When 20 was administered intraperitoneally at 150 and 125 mg/kg to nude mice bearing human A375 xenografts, the compound produced a significant survival increase. Molecular docking studies were conducted in an attempt to enhance the understanding of the observed structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hong Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu WN, McKown LA, Kuo GH. Metabolism of the alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, pyridine-phenylpiperazine analog (RWJ-69597), in rat, dog and human hepatic S9 fractions -API-MS/MS identification of metabolites. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005; 30:105-11. [PMID: 16010869 DOI: 10.1007/bf03226415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The In vitro metabolism of the alpha-1A-adrenergic antagonist, RWJ-69597, an analog of pyridine-phenylpiperazines, was conducted after incubation with rat, dog and human hepatic S9 fractions in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. Unchanged RWJ-69597 (> or =43% of the sample in all species) plus 9 metabolites were profiled, quantified, and tentatively identified on the basis of API-MS and MS/MS data. The four metabolic pathways for the formation of RWJ-69597 metabolites are: 1. methyl/phenyl/piperazinylhydroxylation, 2. N/Odealkylation, 3. N-dephenylation, and 4. dehydration. Pathway 1 formed 1 major (8-36%) and 3 minor (<1-3%) hydroxylated metabolites. Pathway 2 produced 2 moderate/minor N/O-dealkylated metabolites (<1- < or =11%), and in conjunction with pathway 1, formed 1 minor diol metabolites (< or =2%). Pathways 3 and 4 generated 2 minor metabolites, N-desphenyl RWJ-69597 (< or =4%) and dehydrated RWJ-69597 (< or =2%), respectively. RWJ-69597 is more extensively metabolized in the rat than the dog or the human in this hepatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W N Wu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kuo GH, Prouty C, Wang A, Emanuel S, Deangelis A, Zhang Y, Song F, Beall L, Connolly PJ, Karnachi P, Chen X, Gruninger RH, Sechler J, Fuentes-Pesquera A, Middleton SA, Jolliffe L, Murray WV. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Pyrazine-Pyridine Biheteroaryls as Novel, Potent, and Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4892-909. [PMID: 16033269 DOI: 10.1021/jm058205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is much evidence that direct inhibition of the kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) will result in the reduction of angiogenesis and the suppression of tumor growth. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond, C-N bond formation reactions were used to assemble various pyrazine-pyridine biheteroaryls as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Among them, 4-{5-[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-pyrazin-2-yl]-pyridin-3-ylamino}-butan-1-ol (39) and N-{5-[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-pyrazin-2-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-N',N'-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine (41) exhibited the highest kinase selectivity against fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3. All of these compounds showed good cellular potency to inhibit VEGF-stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) but with modest effects on the unstimulated growth of HUVEC. The low inhibition of these compounds to the growth of tumor cell lines, such as HeLa, HCT-116, and A375 further confirms that these VEGFR-2 inhibitors are not cytotoxic agents. The in vivo antitumor activity of 39 and 41 were demonstrated in the A375 human melanoma xenograft nude mice model. Molecular modeling (QSAR analysis) was conducted in an attempt to rationalize the observed structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hong Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kuo GH, Wang A, Emanuel S, Deangelis A, Zhang R, Connolly PJ, Murray WV, Gruninger RH, Sechler J, Fuentes-Pesquera A, Johnson D, Middleton SA, Jolliffe L, Chen X. Synthesis and discovery of pyrazine-pyridine biheteroaryl as a novel series of potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1886-900. [PMID: 15771433 DOI: 10.1021/jm040099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is associated with disease states such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, endometriosis, and psoriasis. There is much evidence that direct inhibition of the kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) will result in the reduction of angiogenesis and the suppression of tumor growth. Attempts to optimize a cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) inhibitor by using palladium-catalyzed C-C bond, C-N bond formation reactions to assemble diverse biheteroaryl molecules led to the unexpected discovery of a pyrazine-pyridine biheteroaryl as a novel series of potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Compound 15, which had IC(50) = 0.084 microM at VEGFR-2, showed very modest selectivity against fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (IC(50) = 0.21 microM), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (IC(50) = 0.36 microM), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (IC(50) = 0.478 microM), while it exhibited more than 10-fold selectivity against epidermal growth factor receptor (IC(50) = 1.36 microM) and insulin-R kinase (IC(50) = 1.69 microM). On the other hand, compound 15 exhibited more than 100-fold selectivity against calmodulin kinase 2; casein kinase-1 and -2; CDK1 and -4; mitogen-activated protein kinase; and protein kinase A, Cbeta2, and Cgamma (IC(50) >10 microM). Compound 15 also displayed high inhibitory potency on VEGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation (IC(50) = 0.005 microM) and good selectivity against cell lines such as HUVEC, human aortic smooth muscle cells, and MRC5 lung fibroblasts. Molecular docking studies were conducted in an attempt to rationalize the unexpected high VEGFR-2 selectivity of 15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hong Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu WN, McKown LA, Kuo GH. Metabolism of the new α-1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, phthalimide-phenylpiperazine analog (RWJ-69442), in rat, dog and human hepatic S9 fractions, and in rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005; 30:113-20. [PMID: 16010870 DOI: 10.1007/bf03226416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of RWJ-69442, an alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was investigated after incubation with rat, dog, and human hepatic S9 fractions in the presence of NADPH-generating system, and a single oral/iv dose administration to rats (oral: 100 mg/kg; iv: 10 mg/kg). Unchanged RWJ-69442 (> or =30% of the sample in vitro; < or =47% of the sample in vivo) plus 14 metabolites were profiled, quantified and tentatively identified on the basis of API-MS and MS/MS data. The metabolic pathways for RWJ-69442 are proposed via the 4 steps: 1. phenyl/piperazinylhydroxylation, 2. N/O-dealkylation, 3. N-dephenylation, and 4. dehydration. Pathway 1 formed OH-phenyl-RWJ-69442 (M1, 4-32% in vitro & in vivo), and diOH-RWJ-69442 (M4, <1-4% in vitro & in vivo). Pathway 2 generated O-desisopropyl-RWJ-69442 (M2, <1-21% in vitro & in vivo), N-desmethyl-RWJ-69442 (M3, 2-3% in vitro & in vivo), N-desmethyl-M2 (M6, 1-8% in vitro & in vivo), and N-dealkylated RWJ-69442 (M9, < or =1-17% in vitro & in vivo), and in conjunction with pathway 1 produced 6 minor to major oxidized metabolites, OH-M2 (M5, 1-2% in vitro), OH-M3 (M11, 4-6% in vivo), OH-M9 (M10, <1-34% in vitro & in vivo), O-desisopropyl-M9 (M12, 3-21% in vivo), O-desisopropyl-M10 (M13,2-12% in vivo), and dehydro-M13 (M14, 25% in vivo). Pathways 3 and 4 formed 2 minor metabolites, N-desphenyl-RWJ-69442 (M7, <1-12% in vitro & in vivo) and dehydrated-RWJ-69442 (M8, <1-2% in vitro), respectively. RWJ-69442 is extensively metabolized in vitro in the rat and human (except dog), and in vivo in the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W N Wu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Route 202, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
O'Neill DJ, Shen L, Prouty C, Conway BR, Westover L, Xu JZ, Zhang HC, Maryanoff BE, Murray WV, Demarest KT, Kuo GH. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 7-azaindolyl-heteroaryl-maleimides as potent and selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:3167-85. [PMID: 15158785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two approaches were developed to synthesize the novel 7-azaindolyl-heteroarylmaleimides. The first approach was based upon the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling or Stille cross-coupling of 2-chloro-maleimide 5 with various arylboronic acids or arylstannanes. The second approach was based upon the condensation of ethyl 7-azaindolyl-3-glyoxylate 12 with various acetamides. The hydroxypropyl-substituted 7-azaindolylmaleimide template was first used to screen different heteroaryls attached to the maleimide. Replacement of hydroxypropyl with different chain lengths and different functional groups were studied next. Many compounds synthesized were demonstrated to have high potency at GSK-3beta, good GS activity in HEK293 cells and good to excellent metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. Three representative compounds (21, 33, and 34) were demonstrated to have good selectivity against a panel of 80 kinase assays. Among them, compound 33 exhibited very weak inhibitions at the other 79 kinase assays, and behaved as a highly selective GSK-3beta inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J O'Neill
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shen L, Prouty C, Conway BR, Westover L, Xu JZ, Look RA, Chen X, Beavers MP, Roberts J, Murray WV, Demarest KT, Kuo GH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides as potent and highly selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1239-55. [PMID: 14980636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2003] [Accepted: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions were used to synthesize two key intermediates 3 and 5 that resulted in the synthesis of novel series of macrocyclic bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides. Among the three series of macrocycles, the oxygen atom and thiophene containing linkers yielded molecules with higher inhibitory potency at GSK-3 beta (K(i)=0.011-0.079 microM) while the nitrogen atom containing linkers yielded molecules with lower potency (K(i)=0.150->1 microM). Compound 33 and 36 displayed 1-2 orders of magnitude selectivity at GSK-3 beta against CDK2, PKC beta II, Rsk3 and little or no inhibitions to the other 62 protein kinases. Compound 46 was at least 100-fold more selective towards GSK-3 beta than PKC beta II, and it had little or no activity against a panel of 65 protein kinases, almost behaved as a GSK-3 beta 'specific inhibitor'. All three compounds showed good potency in GS assay. Molecular docking studies were conducted in an attempt to rationalize the GSK-3 beta selectivity of azaindolylmaleimides. The high selectivity, inhibitory potency and cellular activities of these non-crown-ether typed molecules may provide them as a valuable pharmacological tools in elucidating the complex roles of GSK-3 beta in cell signaling pathways and the potential usage for the treatment of elevated level of GSK-3 beta involved diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shen
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 Route 202, PO Box 300, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang HC, Ye H, Conway BR, Derian CK, Addo MF, Kuo GH, Hecker LR, Croll DR, Li J, Westover L, Xu JZ, Look R, Demarest KT, Andrade-Gordon P, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. 3-(7-Azaindolyl)-4-arylmaleimides as potent, selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:3245-50. [PMID: 15149684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of acyclic 3-(7-azaindolyl)-4-(aryl/heteroaryl)maleimides was synthesized and evaluated for activity against GSK-3beta and selectivity versus PKC-betaII, as well as a broad panel of protein kinases. Compounds 14 and 17c potently inhibited GSK-3beta (IC(50)=7 and 26 nM, respectively) and exhibited excellent selectivity over PKC-betaII (325 and >385-fold, respectively). Compound 17c was also highly selective against 68 other protein kinases. In a cell-based functional assay, both 14 and 17c effectively increased glycogen synthase activity by inhibiting GSK-3beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Cheng Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuo GH, Prouty C, DeAngelis A, Shen L, O'Neill DJ, Shah C, Connolly PJ, Murray WV, Conway BR, Cheung P, Westover L, Xu JZ, Look RA, Demarest KT, Emanuel S, Middleton SA, Jolliffe L, Beavers MP, Chen X. Synthesis and discovery of macrocyclic polyoxygenated bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides as a novel series of potent and highly selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitors. J Med Chem 2003; 46:4021-31. [PMID: 12954055 DOI: 10.1021/jm030115o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to design the macrocyclic maleimides as selective protein kinase C gamma inhibitors led to the unexpected discovery of a novel series of potent and highly selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions were used to synthesize the key intermediates 17 and 22 that resulted in the synthesis of novel macrocycles. All three macrocyclic series (bisindolyl-, mixed 7-azaindoleindolyl-, and bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides) were found to have submicromolar inhibitory potency at GSK-3beta with various degrees of selectivity toward other protein kinases. To gain the inhibitory potency at GSK-3beta, the ring sizes of these macrocycles may play a major role. To achieve the selectivity at GSK-3beta, the additional nitrogen atoms in the indole rings may contribute to a significant degree. Overall, the bis-7-azaindolylmaleimides 28 and 29 exhibited little or no inhibitions to a panel of 50 protein kinases. Compound 29 almost behaved as a GSK-3beta specific inhibitor. Both 28 and 29 displayed good potency in GS cell-based assay. Molecular docking studies were conducted in an attempt to rationalize the GSK-3beta selectivity of azaindolylmaleimides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hong Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khatuya H, Hutchings RH, Kuo GH, Pulito VL, Jolliffe LK, Li X, Murray WV. Arylpiperazine substituted heterocycles as selective alpha(1a) adrenergic antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2443-6. [PMID: 12161153 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(1)-ARs) are useful for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A series of potent and subtype-selective alpha(1a)-AR antagonists has been synthesized, displaying in vitro binding affinity in the low the nanomolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haripada Khatuya
- Drug Discovery Research, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kuo GH, Prouty C, Murray WV, Shah RD. An improved synthesis of enantiomerically pure RWJ 69442, a development candidate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Heterocycl Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570380433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
33
|
Kuo GH, Prouty C, Murray WV, Pulito V, Jolliffe L, Cheung P, Varga S, Evangelisto M, Shaw C. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridine-phenylpiperazines: a novel series of potent and selective alpha1a-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2263-75. [PMID: 11026539 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Beginning from the screening hit and literature alpha1-adrenergic compounds, a hybridized basic skeleton A was proposed as the pharmacophore for potent and selective alpha1a-AR antagonists. Introduction of a hydroxy group to increase the flexibility afforded B which served as the screening model and resulted in the identification of the second-generation lead 1. Using the Topliss approach, a number of potent and selective alpha1a-AR antagonists were discovered. In all cases, binding affinity and selectivity at the alpha1a-AR of S-hydroxy enantiomers were higher than the R-hydroxy enantiomers. As compared to the des-hydroxy analogues, the S-hydroxy enantiomers displayed comparable potency and better selectivity at alpha1a-AR. The S-hydroxy enantiomer 17 (Ki = 0.79 nM; alpha1b/alpha1a = 800; alpha1d/alpha1a = 104) was slightly less potent but much more selective at alpha1a-AR than tamsulosin (Ki = 0.13 nM, alpha1b/alpha1a = 15, alpha1d/alpha1a = 1.4). Compound 17 displayed higher selectivity in inhibiting rat prostate contraction over rat aorta contraction and also exhibited a higher degree of uroselectivity than tamsulosin in the anesthetized dog model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuo GH, Prouty C, Murray WV, Pulito V, Jolliffe L, Cheung P, Varga S, Evangelisto M, Wang J. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of phthalimide-phenylpiperazines: a novel series of potent and selective alpha(1)(a)-adrenergic receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2183-95. [PMID: 10841797 DOI: 10.1021/jm9905918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Beginning from the screening hit and literature alpha(1)-adrenergic compounds, a hybridized basic skeleton A was proposed as the pharmacophore for potent and selective alpha(1a)-AR antagonists. Introduction of a hydroxy group to increase the flexibility afforded B which served as the screening model and resulted in the identification of the second-generation lead 1. Using the Topliss approach, a number of potent and selective alpha(1a)-AR antagonists were discovered. In all cases, binding affinity and selectivity at the alpha(1a)-AR of S-hydroxy enantiomers were higher than those of the R-hydroxy enantiomers. As compared to the des-hydroxy analogues, the S-hydroxy enantiomers had slightly lower binding affinity at alpha(1a)-AR but gained more than 2-fold selectivity for alpha(1a)-AR over alpha(1b)-AR, and 2- to 6-fold selectivity for alpha(1a)-AR over alpha(1d)-AR. They also had less cross activities against a panel of 25-35 peripheral and CNS receptors. The S-hydroxy enantiomers 23 and 24 (K(i) = 0.29 nM, 0.33 nM; alpha(1b)/alpha(1a) >5690, >6060; alpha(1d)/alpha(1a) = 186, 158, respectively) were slightly less potent but much more selective at alpha(1a)-AR than tamsulosin (K(i) = 0.13 nM, alpha(1b)/alpha(1a) = 14.8, alpha(1d)/alpha(1a) = 1.4). In the functional assay, the S-hydroxy enantiomers 20, 23, and 24 were less potent than tamsulosin in inhibiting contractions of rat prostate tissue but more selective in the inhibition of tissue contractions of rat prostate versus rat aorta. Compound 24 was selected as the development candidate for the treatment of BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Kuo
- Drug Discovery Division, Analytical Development, Global Chemical & Pharmaceutical Development Division, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuo GH, Eissenstat MA. A novel base-promoted oxidative rearrangement of 2-methyl-4-substituted phenols to 1,2-(methylenedioxy)-4-substituted benzenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Kuo GH, Eissenstat MA, Wentland MP, Robinson RG, Klingbeil KM, Danz DW, Coughlin SA. Potent mammalian topoisomerase II inhibitors: 1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinyl)-4-substituted-quinolines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00043-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
37
|
Singh B, Bacon ER, Robinson S, Fritz RK, Lesher GY, Kumar V, Dority JA, Reuman M, Kuo GH, Eissenstat MA. Novel cAMP PDE III inhibitors: imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones and thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones and their analogs. J Med Chem 1994; 37:248-54. [PMID: 8295212 DOI: 10.1021/jm00028a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of milrinone to 1,3-dihydro-5-methyl-6-(4-pyridinyl)-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one (13a), 5-methyl-6-(4-pyridinyl)thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one (51), and 7-methyl-6-(4-pyridinyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (22) resulted in very potent cAMP PDE III inhibitors with in vitro activity in the nanomolar range. 1,3-Dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones 13 were prepared from 2-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acids (7, 10) via Curtius rearrangement. 1,8-Naphthyridin-2(1H)-one 22 and the corresponding 3,4-dihydro derivative 28 were prepared from 5-bromo-2-methyl[3,4'-bipyridin]-6-amine (21) and 5-bromo-2-methyl[3,4-bipyridin]-6(1H)-one (24), respectively, via Heck reaction. Thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones 35 were prepared from 6-bromo[3,4'-bipyridin]-6-amines 30 and 32 via a four-step sequence. Treatment of 6-amino-2-methyl[3,4'-bipyridine]-5-thiol (59) with ethyl bromoacetate and ethyl bromodifluoroacetate gave pyridothiazinones 60 and 61, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Kuo GH, Bacon ER, Singh B, Eissenstat MA, Lesher GY. A short and general synthesis of 1,3-dihydro-6-heteroaryl-5-perfluoroalkyl-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
|
42
|
Iyer R, Kuo GH, Helquist P. Additions and Corrections - Stereochemistry of Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of an Organoiron Reagent. J Org Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00361a606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|