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Bettoni JC, Wang MR, Li JW, Fan X, Fazio G, Hurtado-Gonzales OP, Volk GM, Wang QC. Application of Biotechniques for In Vitro Virus and Viroid Elimination in Pome Fruit Crops. Phytopathology 2024:PHYTO07230232KC. [PMID: 38408117 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0232-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable production of pome fruit crops is dependent upon having virus-free planting materials. The production and distribution of plants derived from virus- and viroid-negative sources is necessary not only to control pome fruit viral diseases but also for sustainable breeding activities, as well as the safe movement of plant materials across borders. With variable success rates, different in vitro-based techniques, including shoot tip culture, micrografting, thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and shoot tip cryotherapy, have been employed to eliminate viruses from pome fruits. Higher pathogen eradication efficiencies have been achieved by combining two or more of these techniques. An accurate diagnosis that confirms complete viral elimination is crucial for developing effective management strategies. In recent years, considerable efforts have resulted in new reliable and efficient virus detection methods. This comprehensive review documents the development and recent advances in biotechnological methods that produce healthy pome fruit plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- Independent Researcher, 35 Brasil Correia Street, Videira, SC 89560510, Brazil
| | - Min-Rui Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jing-Wei Li
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- National Center for Eliminating Viruses from Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Pomology of CAAS, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Oscar P Hurtado-Gonzales
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Gayle M Volk
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80521, U.S.A
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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2
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Bini C, Giorgetti A, Fazio G, Amurri S, Tangorra E, Giovannini E, Pelotti S. The effect of substrates and time of deposition on molecular analysis of fly artifacts. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Fazio G, Schiro P, Milana G. Edoxaban in dialysis: a 4-year follow-up in a single center experience. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of adverse events and are complicated to manage. There is little evidence on the effects of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients with severe CKD. Preliminary data in patients taking edoxaban whose creatinine clearance fell below 30 mL/min showed a low risk of stroke and major bleeding. The aim of our study is to test the safety of edoxaban 30 mg/day in patients with severe renal impairment with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <15 mL/min in dialisys.
Methods
We analyzed retrospective data from 46 patients who had documented AF with severe renal impairment (eGFR <15 mL/min). The follow-up, characterized by clinical examination and blood analysis, was performed every 6 months. The main endpoint was the incidence of major bleedings or clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleedings or thromboembolic events.
Results
All patients included were treated with Edoxaban for atrial fibrillation.
At the time of the data collection, the mean follow-up in valvular patients was 24±2 months. There were no major bleedings, strokes, transitory ischemic event, systemic embolisms, or cardiovascular deaths were been reported. 3 (12.5%) cases of minor bleeding was reported. The complication rate of the patients in dialysis are the same than the atrial fibrillation population without any statistical differences (1.39% vs 1,37%, p: 0.96).
Conclusion
The use of Edoxaban in dialysis and atrial fibrillation seems safe and effective.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fazio
- TRIOLO ZANCLA C.D.C Health Centre , Palermo , Italy
| | - P Schiro
- TRIOLO ZANCLA C.D.C Health Centre , Palermo , Italy
| | - G Milana
- TRIOLO ZANCLA C.D.C Health Centre , Palermo , Italy
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4
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Lopes B, Meyer C, Maciel AL, Barbosa T, Venn NC, Sutton R, Fazio G, Cazzaniga G, Marschalek R, Emerenciano M. Unravelling the recombinome of IKZF1 deletions in
B-ALL. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Lopes
- Molecular Cancer Study Group, Division of Clinical Research, Instituto
Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Meyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/DCAL, Goethe-University,
Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - AL Maciel
- Molecular Cancer Study Group, Division of Clinical Research, Instituto
Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T Barbosa
- Molecular Cancer Study Group, Division of Clinical Research, Instituto
Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - NC Venn
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre UNSW,
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre UNSW,
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina
e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM,
Monza, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina
e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM,
Monza, Italy
| | - R Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/DCAL, Goethe-University,
Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - M Emerenciano
- Molecular Cancer Study Group, Division of Clinical Research, Instituto
Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Roberto SR, Novello V, Fazio G. Editorial: New Rootstocks for Fruit Crops: Breeding Programs, Current Use, Future Potential, Challenges and Alternative Strategies. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:878863. [PMID: 35401619 PMCID: PMC8986155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittorino Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, USDA/ARS, Geneva, NY, United States
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6
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Bettoni JC, Fazio G, Carvalho Costa L, Hurtado-Gonzales OP, Rwahnih MA, Nedrow A, Volk GM. Thermotherapy Followed by Shoot Tip Cryotherapy Eradicates Latent Viruses and Apple Hammerhead Viroid from In Vitro Apple Rootstocks. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11050582. [PMID: 35270052 PMCID: PMC8912313 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus and viroid-free apple rootstocks are necessary for large-scale nursery propagation of apple (Malus domestica) trees. Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) are among the most serious apple viruses that are prevalent in most apple growing regions. In addition to these viruses, a new infectious agent named Apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd) has been identified. We investigated whether thermotherapy or cryotherapy alone or a combination of both could effectively eradicate ACLSV, ASGV, and AHVd from in vitro cultures of four apple rootstocks developed in the Cornell-Geneva apple rootstock breeding program (CG 2034, CG 4213, CG 5257, and CG 6006). For thermotherapy treatments, in vitro plants were treated for four weeks at 36 °C (day) and 32 °C (night). Plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) and cryotherapy treatments included a shoot tip preculture in 2 M glycerol + 0.8 M sucrose for one day followed by exposure to PVS2 for 60 or 75 min at 22 °C, either without or with liquid nitrogen (LN, cryotherapy) exposure. Combinations of thermotherapy and PVS2/cryotherapy treatments were also performed. Following treatments, shoot tips were warmed, recovered on growth medium, transferred to the greenhouse, grown, placed in dormancy inducing conditions, and then grown again prior to sampling leaves for the presence of viruses and viroids. Overall, thermotherapy combined with cryotherapy treatment resulted in the highest percentage of virus- and viroid-free plants, suggesting great potential for producing virus- and viroid-free planting materials for the apple industry. Furthermore, it could also be a valuable tool to support the global exchange of apple germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; (G.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Larissa Carvalho Costa
- USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, 9901 Powder Mill Road, Bldg 580, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (L.C.C.); (O.P.H.-G.)
| | - Oscar P. Hurtado-Gonzales
- USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, 9901 Powder Mill Road, Bldg 580, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (L.C.C.); (O.P.H.-G.)
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Abby Nedrow
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; (G.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Gayle M. Volk
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
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7
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Liu J, Abdelfattah A, Wasserman B, Wisniewski M, Droby S, Fazio G, Mazzola M, Wu X. Contrasting effects of genotype and root size on the fungal and bacterial communities associated with apple rootstocks. Hortic Res 2022; 9:6511261. [PMID: 35043188 PMCID: PMC8769040 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The endophytic microbiome of plants is believed to have a significant impact on its physiology and disease resistance, however, the role of host genotype in determining the composition of the endophytic microbiome of apple root systems remains an open question that has important implications for defining breeding objectives. In the current study, the bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with four different apple rootstocks planted in April, 2018 in the same soil environment and harvested in May, 2019 were evaluated to determine the role of genotype on the composition of both the bacterial and fungal communities. Results demonstrated a clear impact of genotype and root size on microbial composition and diversity. The fungal community was more affected by plant genotype whereas the bacterial community was shaped by root size. Fungal and bacterial abundance was equal between different-sized roots however, significantly higher microbial counts were detected in rhizosphere samples compared to root endosphere samples. This study provides information that can be used to develop a comprehensive and readily applicable understanding of the impact of genotype and environmental factors on the establishment of plant microbiome, as well as its potential function and impact on host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 317 Honghe Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Birgit Wasserman
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Ln, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, PO Box 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 21 Crabapple Drive, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Mark Mazzola
- USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory,
1104 North Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Youanmingyuan West Road, Haidan District, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
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8
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Zhu Y, Li G, Singh J, Khan A, Fazio G, Saltzgiver M, Xia R. Laccase Directed Lignification Is One of the Major Processes Associated With the Defense Response Against Pythium ultimum Infection in Apple Roots. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:629776. [PMID: 34557205 PMCID: PMC8453155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD), incited by a pathogen complex including Pythium ultimum, causes stunted growth or death of newly planted trees at replant sites. Development and deployment of resistant or tolerant rootstocks offers a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and durable approach for ARD management. Maximized exploitation of natural resistance requires integrated efforts to identify key regulatory mechanisms underlying resistance traits in apple. In this study, miRNA profiling and degradome sequencing identified major miRNA pathways and candidate genes using six apple rootstock genotypes with contrasting phenotypes to P. ultimum infection. The comprehensive RNA-seq dataset offered an expansive view of post-transcriptional regulation of apple root defense activation in response to infection from P. ultimum. Several pairs of miRNA families and their corresponding targets were identified for their roles in defense response in apple roots, including miR397-laccase, miR398-superoxide dismutase, miR10986-polyphenol oxidase, miR482-resistance genes, and miR160-auxin response factor. Of these families, the genotype-specific expression patterns of miR397 indicated its fundamental role in developing defense response patterns to P. ultimum infection. Combined with other identified copper proteins, the importance of cellular fortification, such as lignification of root tissues by the action of laccase, may critically contribute to genotype-specific resistance traits. Our findings suggest that quick and enhanced lignification of apple roots may significantly impede pathogen penetration and minimize the disruption of effective defense activation in roots of resistant genotypes. The identified target miRNA species and target genes consist of a valuable resource for subsequent functional analysis of their roles during interaction between apple roots and P. ultimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhu
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Guanliang Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jugpreet Singh
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, USDA-ARS, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Melody Saltzgiver
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Saettini F, Castelli I, Provenzi M, Fazio G, Quadri M, Cazzaniga G, Sala S, Dell'Acqua F, Sieni E, Coniglio ML, Pezzoli L, Iascone M, Vendemini F, Balduzzi AC, Biondi A, Rizzari C, Bonanomi S. A novel homozygous disruptive PRF1 variant (K285Sfs*4) causes very early-onset of familial hemophagocytic lymphohystiocytosis type 2. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:174-178. [PMID: 32696691 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1793849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Saettini
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - I Castelli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - M Provenzi
- Pediatric Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - G Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - M Quadri
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Sala
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - F Dell'Acqua
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - E Sieni
- Department of Paediatric Oncohematology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - M L Coniglio
- Department of Paediatric Oncohematology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Pezzoli
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, USSD LGM, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Iascone
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, USSD LGM, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - F Vendemini
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - A C Balduzzi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - A Biondi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Rizzari
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - S Bonanomi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
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10
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Rufato L, da Silva PS, Kretzschmar AA, Bogo A, de Macedo TA, Welter JF, Fazio G, Petry D. Geneva® Series Rootstocks for Apple Trees Under Extreme Replanting Conditions in Southern Brazil. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:712162. [PMID: 34527010 PMCID: PMC8435855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Geneva® rootstocks in Brazil are known to be efficient in controlling vigor, and are precocious and resistant to diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of apple tree cultivars grafted on the Geneva® rootstocks in severe replant disease areas, by planting 60 days after the eradication. The experiments were implemented in 2017, in São Joaquim and Vacaria. The Gala Select and Fuji Suprema cultivars were grafted onto 'G.202', 'G.814', 'G.210', and 'G.213' rootstocks in the Tall Spindle training system. In 2018/2019, total thinning was carried out to promote plant growth. In São Joaquim, partial thinning was carried out in 2019/2020 harvest of 'Gala Select'. The rootstocks were divided into two groups based on vigor, for both areas and cultivars. 'G.202' and 'G.213' were 40% less vigorous than 'G.210' and 'G.814'. For 'Gala Select', the extreme non-fallow condition mainly affected the vigor and productivity of 'G.213' in both areas. At the end of two harvests, 'G.213' was 17% less productive than 'G.210', contrary to what is observed in areas where the fallow period is respected. However, 'G.213' confirmed a greater yield efficiency, which was 27% higher than 'G.210'. This suggests that a perspective of forecasting production for the third crop is higher for 'G.213' than for 'G.210'. In the case of 'Fuji Suprema', the G.210 rootstock was the most productive in both areas. In São Joaquim, 'G.202' matched 'G.210' in productivity and efficiency as it sprouts better in colder regions. Considering the fruit quality, 'G.213' anticipated the maturation with fruits of larger size and higher total soluble solids (TSS) in both areas and cultivars, making it possible to anticipate the harvest. It was concluded that the non-fallow condition does not alter the relative differences in vigor and fruit quality among the rootstocks. However, notwithstanding the overall replant tolerance of these rootstocks, it does reduce productivity by mainly affecting less vigorous rootstocks that need about three crops to overcome the allelopathic effects of the soil and start growing normally. The G.210 semi-dwarfing rootstock is an alternative for the immediate conversion of apple orchards of Gala Select and Fuji Suprema cultivars in southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Rufato
- Department of Agronomy, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amauri Bogo
- Department of Agronomy, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gennaro Fazio
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Genetic Resources Unit Geneva, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Daiana Petry
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Brazil
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11
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Migicovsky Z, Gardner KM, Richards C, Thomas Chao C, Schwaninger HR, Fazio G, Zhong GY, Myles S. Genomic consequences of apple improvement. Hortic Res 2021; 8:9. [PMID: 33384408 PMCID: PMC7775473 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The apple (Malus domestica) is one of the world's most commercially important perennial crops and its improvement has been the focus of human effort for thousands of years. Here, we genetically characterise over 1000 apple accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) germplasm collection using over 30,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We confirm the close genetic relationship between modern apple cultivars and their primary progenitor species, Malus sieversii from Central Asia, and find that cider apples derive more of their ancestry from the European crabapple, Malus sylvestris, than do dessert apples. We determine that most of the USDA collection is a large complex pedigree: over half of the collection is interconnected by a series of first-degree relationships. In addition, 15% of the accessions have a first-degree relationship with one of the top 8 cultivars produced in the USA. With the exception of 'Honeycrisp', the top 8 cultivars are interconnected to each other via pedigree relationships. The cultivars 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' were found to have over 60 first-degree relatives, consistent with their repeated use by apple breeders. We detected a signature of intense selection for red skin and provide evidence that breeders also selected for increased firmness. Our results suggest that Americans are eating apples largely from a single family tree and that the apple's future improvement will benefit from increased exploitation of its tremendous natural genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Kyle M Gardner
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - C Thomas Chao
- USDA-ARS, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY, USA
| | | | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-ARS, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-ARS, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY, USA.
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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12
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Saettini F, Fazio G, Corti P, Quadri M, Bugarin C, Gaipa G, Penco F, Moratto D, Chiarini M, Baronio M, Gazzurelli L, Imberti L, Paghera S, Giliani S, Cazzaniga G, Plebani A, Badolato R, Lougaris V, Gattorno M, Biondi A. Two siblings presenting with novel ADA2 variants, lymphoproliferation, persistence of large granular lymphocytes, and T-cell perturbations. Clin Immunol 2020; 218:108525. [PMID: 32659374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of large granular lymphocytes has been reported in patients with ADA2 deficiency and T-LGL leukemia. Here we describe two siblings with novel ADA2 variants, expanding the mutational spectrum of ADA2 deficiency. We show that lymphoproliferation, persistence of large granular lymphocytes, T-cell perturbations, and activation of PI3K pathway, measured by means of phosphorylation levels of S6, are detectable in DADA2 patients without T-LGL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Saettini
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy.
| | - G Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - P Corti
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - M Quadri
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Bugarin
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - G Gaipa
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - F Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory disease and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - D Moratto
- Flow cytometry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Chiarini
- Flow cytometry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Baronio
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Gazzurelli
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Imberti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Paghera
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Giliani
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - A Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Badolato
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Lougaris
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory disease and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - A Biondi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy; Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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13
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Peace CP, Bianco L, Troggio M, van de Weg E, Howard NP, Cornille A, Durel CE, Myles S, Migicovsky Z, Schaffer RJ, Costes E, Fazio G, Yamane H, van Nocker S, Gottschalk C, Costa F, Chagné D, Zhang X, Patocchi A, Gardiner SE, Hardner C, Kumar S, Laurens F, Bucher E, Main D, Jung S, Vanderzande S. Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects. Hortic Res 2019; 6:59. [PMID: 30962944 PMCID: PMC6450873 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops: publication of the first draft whole genome sequence (WGS) for apple (Malus domestica). This WGS, v1.0, was valuable as the initial reference for sequence information, fine mapping, gene discovery, variant discovery, and tool development. A new, high quality apple WGS, GDDH13 v1.1, was released in 2017 and now serves as the reference genome for apple. Over the past decade, these apple WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding of apple biological functioning, trait physiology and inheritance, leading to practical applications for improving this highly valued crop. Causal gene identities for phenotypes of fundamental and practical interest can today be discovered much more rapidly. Genome-wide polymorphisms at high genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds to thousands of individuals with new insights into genetic relationships and pedigrees. High-density genetic maps are constructed efficiently and quantitative trait loci for valuable traits are readily associated with positional candidate genes and/or converted into diagnostic tests for breeders. We understand the species, geographical, and genomic origins of domesticated apple more precisely, as well as its relationship to wild relatives. The WGS has turbo-charged application of these classical research steps to crop improvement and drives innovative methods to achieve more durable, environmentally sound, productive, and consumer-desirable apple production. This review includes examples of basic and practical breakthroughs and challenges in using the apple WGSs. Recommendations for "what's next" focus on necessary upgrades to the genome sequence data pool, as well as for use of the data, to reach new frontiers in genomics-based scientific understanding of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P. Peace
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Luca Bianco
- Computational Biology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, TN 38010 Italy
| | - Michela Troggio
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, TN 38010 Italy
| | - Eric van de Weg
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas P. Howard
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Amandine Cornille
- GQE – Le Moulon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charles-Eric Durel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR 1345, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Robert J. Schaffer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Motueka, 7198 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Evelyne Costes
- AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - Hisayo Yamane
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Steve van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Chris Gottschalk
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, TN 38010 Italy
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4474 New Zealand
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | | | - Susan E. Gardiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4474 New Zealand
| | - Craig Hardner
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 Australia
| | - Satish Kumar
- New Cultivar Innovation, Plant and Food Research, Havelock North, 4130 New Zealand
| | - Francois Laurens
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR 1345, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Etienne Bucher
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR 1345, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
- Agroscope, 1260 Changins, Switzerland
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Sook Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Stijn Vanderzande
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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14
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Duan N, Bai Y, Sun H, Wang N, Ma Y, Li M, Wang X, Jiao C, Legall N, Mao L, Wan S, Wang K, He T, Feng S, Zhang Z, Mao Z, Shen X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Wu S, Yin C, Ge S, Yang L, Jiang S, Xu H, Liu J, Wang D, Qu C, Wang Y, Zuo W, Xiang L, Liu C, Zhang D, Gao Y, Xu Y, Xu K, Chao T, Fazio G, Shu H, Zhong GY, Cheng L, Fei Z, Chen X. Genome re-sequencing reveals the history of apple and supports a two-stage model for fruit enlargement. Nat Commun 2017; 8:249. [PMID: 28811498 PMCID: PMC5557836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human selection has reshaped crop genomes. Here we report an apple genome variation map generated through genome sequencing of 117 diverse accessions. A comprehensive model of apple speciation and domestication along the Silk Road is proposed based on evidence from diverse genomic analyses. Cultivated apples likely originate from Malus sieversii in Kazakhstan, followed by intensive introgressions from M. sylvestris. M. sieversii in Xinjiang of China turns out to be an "ancient" isolated ecotype not directly contributing to apple domestication. We have identified selective sweeps underlying quantitative trait loci/genes of important fruit quality traits including fruit texture and flavor, and provide evidences supporting a model of apple fruit size evolution comprising two major events with one occurring prior to domestication and the other during domestication. This study outlines the genetic basis of apple domestication and evolution, and provides valuable information for facilitating marker-assisted breeding and apple improvement.Apple is one of the most important fruit crops. Here, the authors perform deep genome resequencing of 117 diverse accessions and reveal comprehensive models of apple origin, speciation, domestication, and fruit size evolution as well as candidate genes associated with important agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Centre of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Ma
- Shandong Centre of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Noah Legall
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Linyong Mao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sibao Wan
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- The Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming He
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Research Centre of Specialty Fruits, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157500, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- The Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kenong Xu
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thomas Chao
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Huairui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Plant and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Magnani C, Mezzanotte C, Cappuzzello C, Benedicenti F, Belotti D, Cabiati B, Bardini M, Fazio G, Cazzaniga G, Cooper L, Montini E, Gaipa G, Biondi A, Biagi E. Preclinical evaluation of donor-derived sleeping beauty modified CD19CAR+ lymphocytes for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Savino AM, Sarno J, Trentin L, Vieri M, Fazio G, Bardini M, Bugarin C, Fossati G, Davis KL, Gaipa G, Izraeli S, Meyer LH, Nolan GP, Biondi A, Te Kronnie G, Palmi C, Cazzaniga G. The histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat (ITF2357) exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against CRLF2-rearranged BCP-ALL. Leukemia 2017; 31:2365-2375. [PMID: 28331226 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemias bearing CRLF2 and JAK2 gene alterations are characterized by aberrant JAK/STAT signaling and poor prognosis. The HDAC inhibitor givinostat/ITF2357 has been shown to exert anti-neoplastic activity against both systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and myeloproliferative neoplasms through inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway. These findings led us to hypothesize that givinostat might also act against CRLF2-rearranged BCP-ALL, which lack effective therapies. Here, we found that givinostat inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of BCP-ALL CRLF2-rearranged cell lines, positive for exon 16 JAK2 mutations. Likewise, givinostat killed primary cells, but not their normal hematopoietic counterparts, from patients carrying CRLF2 rearrangements. At low doses, givinostat downregulated the expression of genes belonging to the JAK/STAT pathway and inhibited STAT5 phosphorylation. In vivo, givinostat significantly reduced engraftment of human blasts in patient-derived xenograft models of CRLF2-positive BCP-ALL. Importantly, givinostat killed ruxolitinib-resistant cells and potentiated the effect of current chemotherapy. Thus, givinostat in combination with conventional chemotherapy may represent an effective therapeutic option for these difficult-to-treat subsets of ALL. Lastly, the selective killing of cancer cells by givinostat may allow the design of reduced intensity regimens in CRLF2-rearranged Down syndrome-associated BCP-ALL patients with an overall benefit in terms of both toxicity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Savino
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Research Section, Edmond and Lily Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Sarno
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - L Trentin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Vieri
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Fazio
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - M Bardini
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - C Bugarin
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Fossati
- Preclinical R&D Department, Italfarmaco S.p.A., Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - K L Davis
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G Gaipa
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - S Izraeli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Research Section, Edmond and Lily Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L H Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - G P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Biondi
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C Palmi
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
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17
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Norelli JL, Wisniewski M, Fazio G, Burchard E, Gutierrez B, Levin E, Droby S. Genotyping-by-sequencing markers facilitate the identification of quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Penicillium expansum in Malus sieversii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172949. [PMID: 28257442 PMCID: PMC5336245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is the most important postharvest disease of apple worldwide and results in significant financial losses. There are no defined sources of resistance to blue mold in domesticated apple. However, resistance has been described in wild Malus sieversii accessions, including plant introduction (PI)613981. The objective of the present study was to identify the genetic loci controlling resistance to blue mold in this accession. We describe the first quantitative trait loci (QTL) reported in the Rosaceae tribe Maleae conditioning resistance to P. expansum on genetic linkage group 3 (qM-Pe3.1) and linkage group 10 (qM-Pe10.1). These loci were identified in a M.× domestica 'Royal Gala' X M. sieversii PI613981 family (GMAL4593) based on blue mold lesion diameter seven days post-inoculation in mature, wounded apple fruit inoculated with P. expansum. Phenotypic analyses were conducted in 169 progeny over a four year period. PI613981 was the source of the resistance allele for qM-Pe3.1, a QTL with a major effect on blue mold resistance, accounting for 27.5% of the experimental variability. The QTL mapped from 67.3 to 74 cM on linkage group 3 of the GMAL4593 genetic linkage map. qM-Pe10.1 mapped from 73.6 to 81.8 cM on linkage group 10. It had less of an effect on resistance, accounting for 14% of the experimental variation. 'Royal Gala' was the primary contributor to the resistance effect of this QTL. However, resistance-associated alleles in both parents appeared to contribute to the least square mean blue mold lesion diameter in an additive manner at qM-Pe10.1. A GMAL4593 genetic linkage map composed of simple sequence repeats and 'Golden Delicious' single nucleotide polymorphism markers was able to detect qM-Pe10.1, but failed to detect qM-Pe3.1. The subsequent addition of genotyping-by-sequencing markers to the linkage map provided better coverage of the PI613981 genome on linkage group 3 and facilitated discovery of qM-Pe3.1. A DNA test for qM-Pe3.1 has been developed and is currently being evaluated for its ability to predict blue mold resistance in progeny segregating for qM-Pe3.1. Due to the long juvenility of apple, the availability of a DNA test to screen for the presence of qM-Pe3.1 at the seedling stage will greatly improve efficiency of breeding apple for blue mold resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Norelli
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- Plant Genetic Resources Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Erik Burchard
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gutierrez
- Plant Genetic Resources Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena Levin
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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18
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19
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Migicovsky Z, Gardner KM, Money D, Sawler J, Bloom JS, Moffett P, Chao CT, Schwaninger H, Fazio G, Zhong GY, Myles S. Genome to Phenome Mapping in Apple Using Historical Data. Plant Genome 2016; 9. [PMID: 27898813 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.11.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple ( X Borkh.) is one of the world's most valuable fruit crops. Its large size and long juvenile phase make it a particularly promising candidate for marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, advances in MAS in apple have been limited by a lack of phenotype and genotype data from sufficiently large samples. To establish genotype-phenotype relationships and advance MAS in apple, we extracted over 24,000 phenotype scores from the USDA-Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database and linked them with over 8000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 689 apple accessions from the USDA apple germplasm collection clonally preserved in Geneva, NY. We find significant genetic differentiation between Old World and New World cultivars and demonstrate that the genetic structure of the domesticated apple also reflects the time required for ripening. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 36 phenotypes confirms the association between fruit color and the MYB1 locus, and we also report a novel association between the transcription factor, NAC18.1, and harvest date and fruit firmness. We demonstrate that harvest time and fruit size can be predicted with relatively high accuracies ( > 0.46) using genomic prediction. Rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in apples means millions of SNPs may be required for well-powered GWAS. However, rapid LD decay also promises to enable extremely high resolution mapping of causal variants, which holds great potential for advancing MAS.
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Pisciotta A, Fazio G, Barbagallo M, Di Lorenzo R. Alternative nursery propagation for vineyards establishment. Acta Hortic 2016:137-144. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2016.1136.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY The genus Malus represents a unique and complex evolutionary context in which to study domestication. Several Malus species have provided novel alleles and traits to the cultivars. The extent of admixture among wild Malus species has not been well described, due in part to limited sampling of individuals within a taxon.• METHODS Four chloroplast regions (1681 bp total) were sequenced and aligned for 412 Malus individuals from 30 species. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using maximum parsimony. The distribution of chloroplast haplotypes among species was examined using statistical parsimony, phylogenetic trees, and a median-joining network.• KEY RESULTS Chloroplast haplotypes are shared among species within Malus. Three major haplotype-sharing networks were identified. One includes species native to China, Western North America, as well as Malus domestica Borkh, and its four primary progenitor species: M. sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem., M. orientalis Uglitzk., M. sylvestris (L.) Mill., and M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh; another includes five Chinese Malus species, and a third includes the three Malus species native to Eastern North America.• CONCLUSIONS Chloroplast haplotypes found in M. domestica belong to a single, highly admixed network. Haplotypes shared between the domesticated apple and its progenitors may reflect historical introgression or the retention of ancestral polymorphisms. Multiple individuals should be sampled within Malus species to reveal haplotype heterogeneity, if complex maternal contributions to named species are to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle M Volk
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
| | - Adam D Henk
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
| | - Angela Baldo
- USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, 2890 Hwy. 130 E., Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 West North Street, Geneva, New York 14456-0462
| | - C Thomas Chao
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 West North Street, Geneva, New York 14456-0462
| | - Christopher M Richards
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
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Mandaglio G, Nasirov A, Anastasi A, Curciarello F, De Leo V, Fazio G, Giardina G. Real causes of apparent abnormal results in heavy ion reactions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159601016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Novo G, Vernuccio F, Fazio G, Grutta G, Lo Voi A, Giambanco S, Mongiovì M, Novo S. Left ventricular non compaction: epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and therapy. Minerva Cardioangiol 2015; 63:239-251. [PMID: 25275715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular non compaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy due to an arrest of the normal development of myocardium which determines the persistence of fetal myocardium in postnatal life in at least 2/3 of the wall (criterion known as non compacted/ compacted ratio greater than 2). Although in absence of a confirmed prevalence of LVNC, reviewing literature shows an increasing number of reports over the years, though diagnosed cases represent just the tip of a realistically far wider phenomenon. Clinical manifestations are variable, ranging from the absence of any symptom to congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and systemic thromboembolism. Echocardiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis. Tissue Doppler and three-dimensional echocardiography may give further information in the evaluation of patients affected by LVNC. Magnetic resonance could refine diagnosis particularly in those patients with not conclusive echocardiogram: it may help in differential diagnosis and give prognostic information. There is no specific therapy for patients with LVNC but the treatment is aimed at treating heart failure, or other complications such as arrhythmias and thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Novo
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy -
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Gross BL, Henk AD, Richards CM, Fazio G, Volk GM. Genetic diversity in Malus ×domestica (Rosaceae) through time in response to domestication. Am J Bot 2014; 101:1770-9. [PMID: 25326619 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Patterns of genetic diversity in domesticated plants are affected by geographic region of origin and cultivation, intentional artificial selection, and unintentional genetic bottlenecks. While bottlenecks are mainly associated with the initial domestication process, they can also affect diversity during crop improvement. Here, we investigate the impact of the improvement process on the genetic diversity of domesticated apple in comparison with other perennial and annual fruit crops.• METHODS Apple cultivars that were developed at various times (ranging from the 13th through the 20th century) and 11 of the 15 apple cultivars that are used for 90% of the apple production in the United States were surveyed for genetic diversity based on either 9 or 19 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Diversity was compared using standard metrics and model-based approaches based on expected heterozygosity (He) at equilibrium. Improvement bottleneck data for fruit crops were also collected from the literature.• KEY RESULTS Domesticated apples showed no significant reduction in genetic diversity through time across the last eight centuries. Diversity was generally high, with an average He > 0.7 for apples from all centuries. However, diversity of the apples currently used for the bulk of commercial production was lower.• CONCLUSIONS The improvement bottleneck in domesticated apples appears to be mild or nonexistent, in contrast to improvement bottlenecks in many annual and perennial fruit crops, as documented from the literature survey. The low diversity of the subset of cultivars used for commercial production, however, indicates that an improvement bottleneck may be in progress for this perennial crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana L Gross
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, 207 Swenson Science Building, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Adam D Henk
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 USA
| | - Christopher M Richards
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 USA
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, New York 14456 USA
| | - Gayle M Volk
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 USA
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Zhu Y, Fazio G, Mazzola M. Elucidating the molecular responses of apple rootstock resistant to ARD pathogens: challenges and opportunities for development of genomics-assisted breeding tools. Hortic Res 2014; 1:14043. [PMID: 26504547 PMCID: PMC4596329 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a major limitation to the establishment of economically viable orchards on replant sites due to the buildup and long-term survival of pathogen inoculum. Several soilborne necrotrophic fungi and oomycetes are primarily responsible for ARD, and symptoms range from serious inhibition of growth to the death of young trees. Chemical fumigation has been the primary method used for control of ARD, and manipulating soil microbial ecology to reduce pathogen density and aggressiveness is being investigated. To date, innate resistance of apple rootstocks as a means to control this disease has not been carefully explored, partly due to the complex etiology and the difficulty in phenotyping the disease resistance. Molecular defense responses of plant roots to soilborne necrotrophic pathogens are largely elusive, although considerable progress has been achieved using foliar disease systems. Plant defense responses to necrotrophic pathogens consist of several interacting modules and operate as a network. Upon pathogen detection by plants, cellular signals such as the oscillation of Ca(2+) concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and protein kinase activity, lead to plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling. Jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) are known to be fundamental to the induction and regulation of defense mechanisms toward invading necrotrophic pathogens. Complicated hormone crosstalk modulates the fine-tuning of transcriptional reprogramming and metabolic redirection, resulting in production of antimicrobial metabolites, enzyme inhibitors and cell wall refortification to restrict further pathogenesis. Transcriptome profiling of apple roots in response to inoculation with Pythium ultimum demonstrated that there is a high degree of conservation regarding the molecular framework of defense responses compared with those observed with foliar tissues. It is conceivable that the timing and intensity of genotype-specific defense responses may lead to different outcomes between rootstocks in response to invasion by necrotrophic pathogens. Elucidation of host defense mechanisms is critical in developing molecular tools for genomics-assisted breeding of resistant apple rootstocks. Due to their perennial nature, use of resistant rootstocks as a component for disease management might offer a durable and cost-effective benefit to tree performance than the standard practice of soil fumigation for control of ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhu
- USDA ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Mark Mazzola
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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Cifola I, Severgnini M, Fazio G, Bungaro S, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, De Bellis G. 419: Next-generation sequencing to dissect transcriptome complexity of childhood ALL and of different therapy response. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pagni F, Fazio G, Zannella S, Spinelli M, De Angelis C, Cusi C, Crosti F, Corral L, Bugarin C, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, Isimbaldi G, Cattoretti G. Erratum: The role of PAX5 and C/EBP α/β in atypical non-Langerhans cell histiocytic tumor post acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jensen PJ, Fazio G, Altman N, Praul C, McNellis TW. Mapping in an apple (Malus x domestica) F1 segregating population based on physical clustering of differentially expressed genes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:261. [PMID: 24708064 PMCID: PMC4051173 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apple tree breeding is slow and difficult due to long generation times, self-incompatibility, and complex genetics. The identification of molecular markers linked to traits of interest is a way to expedite the breeding process. In the present study, we aimed to identify genes whose steady-state transcript abundance was associated with inheritance of specific traits segregating in an apple (Malus × domestica) rootstock F1 breeding population, including resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) disease and woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum). Results Transcription profiling was performed for 48 individual F1 apple trees from a cross of two highly heterozygous parents, using RNA isolated from healthy, actively-growing shoot tips and a custom apple DNA oligonucleotide microarray representing 26,000 unique transcripts. Genome-wide expression profiles were not clear indicators of powdery mildew or woolly apple aphid resistance phenotype. However, standard differential gene expression analysis between phenotypic groups of trees revealed relatively small sets of genes with trait-associated expression levels. For example, thirty genes were identified that were differentially expressed between trees resistant and susceptible to powdery mildew. Interestingly, the genes encoding twenty-four of these transcripts were physically clustered on chromosome 12. Similarly, seven genes were identified that were differentially expressed between trees resistant and susceptible to woolly apple aphid, and the genes encoding five of these transcripts were also clustered, this time on chromosome 17. In each case, the gene clusters were in the vicinity of previously identified major quantitative trait loci for the corresponding trait. Similar results were obtained for a series of molecular traits. Several of the differentially expressed genes were used to develop DNA polymorphism markers linked to powdery mildew disease and woolly apple aphid resistance. Conclusions Gene expression profiling and trait-associated transcript analysis using an apple F1 population readily identified genes physically linked to powdery mildew disease resistance and woolly apple aphid resistance loci. This result was especially useful in apple, where extreme levels of heterozygosity make the development of reliable DNA markers quite difficult. The results suggest that this approach could prove effective in crops with complicated genetics, or for which few genomic information resources are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Timothy W McNellis
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, 211 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 16802 University Park, PA, USA.
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Shin S, Lv J, Fazio G, Mazzola M, Zhu Y. Transcriptional regulation of ethylene and jasmonate mediated defense response in apple (Malus domestica) root during Pythium ultimum infection. Hortic Res 2014; 1:14053. [PMID: 26504552 PMCID: PMC4596337 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a significant economic restraint to the successful re-establishment of new apple orchards on sites previously planted to the same crop. Pythium ultimum, an oomycete, is a significant component of the ARD pathogen complex. Although ethylene (ET)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense responses are intensively studied in the foliar pathosystem, the transferability of this knowledge to the interaction between a perennial root system and soilborne pathogens is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the ET/JA-mediated defense response is conserved in roots of tree crops in response to infection by P. ultimum. Apple genes with the annotated function of ET/JA biosynthesis, MdERF (ethylene response factor) for signaling transduction and a gene encoding a pathogenesis-related (PR) protein (β-chitinase, the target of ERF) were identified from the apple genome sequences. The transcriptional profiles of these genes during P. ultimum infection and after exogenous ET and/or JA treatment were characterized using qRT-PCR. Several genes showed a 10- to 60-fold upregulation in apple root tissue 24-48 h post inoculation (hpi). Exogenous ET and JA treatment exhibited either a positive or negative influence on expression of ET or JA biosynthesis genes, depending upon gene isoforms and the tissue types, while the expression of MdERF and the PR protein encoding gene was upregulated by both ET and JA treatment. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that ET/JA-mediated defense pathways are functional in the root system of perennial tree species defending soilborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungbong Shin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory , Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Jingyi Lv
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit , Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Mark Mazzola
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory , Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Yanmin Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory , Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
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Fazio G, Vernuccio F, Lo Re G, Grassedonio E, Grutta G, Midiri M. Magnetic resonance in the assessment of myocardial perfusion: a reliable alternative to myocardial scintigraphy? Minerva Cardioangiol 2013; 61:483-485. [PMID: 23846014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Fazio
- Medical Clinic Riabiliter, Palermo, Italy -
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Novo G, Fazio G, Di Salvo G, Di Bella G, Zito C, Carità P, Centineo F, Toia P, Mancuso D, Castellano F, Carerj S, Novo S. Rare cardiomyopathies: diagnostic features. Minerva Cardioangiol 2013; 61:351-365. [PMID: 23681138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CM) are an important and heterogeneous group of diseases affecting the myocardium. They can induce mechanical and/or electrical disorders and are due to a variety of causes, they frequently are genetic. However, since their high number and their clinical complexity, the identification is still a challenge. Echocardiography is a very useful tool in the assessment of CM. In this review we aim to define the typical clinical features and to discuss the main diagnostic tool, above all echocardiography that can help physicians in the correct assessment of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Novo
- University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Iacono M, Fazio G. A difficult diagnosis for a patient with chest pain. Ital J Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2007.3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Fazio G, Cazzaniga V, Palmi C, Galbiati M, Giordan M, te Kronnie G, Rolink A, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G. PAX5/ETV6 alters the gene expression profile of precursor B cells with opposite dominant effect on endogenous PAX5. Leukemia 2013; 27:992-5. [PMID: 23090680 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mandaglio G, Nasirov A, Curciarello F, De Leo V, Romaniuk M, Fazio G, Giardina G. Processes in massive nuclei reactions and the way to complete fusion of reactants. What perspectives for the synthesis of heavier superheavy elements? EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123801001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bai Y, Dougherty L, Li M, Fazio G, Cheng L, Xu K. A natural mutation-led truncation in one of the two aluminum-activated malate transporter-like genes at the Ma locus is associated with low fruit acidity in apple. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:663-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gardiner SE, Norelli JL, Silva ND, Fazio G, Peil A, Malnoy M, Horner M, Bowatte D, Carlisle C, Wiedow C, Wan Y, Bassett CL, Baldo AM, Celton JM, Richter K, Aldwinckle HS, Bus VGM. Putative resistance gene markers associated with quantitative trait loci for fire blight resistance in Malus 'Robusta 5' accessions. BMC Genet 2012; 13:25. [PMID: 22471693 PMCID: PMC3443455 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breeding of fire blight resistant scions and rootstocks is a goal of several international apple breeding programs, as options are limited for management of this destructive disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora. A broad, large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) for fire blight resistance has been reported on linkage group 3 of Malus 'Robusta 5'. In this study we identified markers derived from putative fire blight resistance genes associated with the QTL by integrating further genetic mapping studies with bioinformatics analysis of transcript profiling data and genome sequence databases. RESULTS When several defined E.amylovora strains were used to inoculate three progenies from international breeding programs, all with 'Robusta 5' as a common parent, two distinct QTLs were detected on linkage group 3, where only one had previously been mapped. In the New Zealand 'Malling 9' X 'Robusta 5' population inoculated with E. amylovora ICMP11176, the proximal QTL co-located with SNP markers derived from a leucine-rich repeat, receptor-like protein (MxdRLP1) and a closely linked class 3 peroxidase gene. While the QTL detected in the German 'Idared' X 'Robusta 5' population inoculated with E. amylovora strains Ea222_JKI or ICMP11176 was approximately 6 cM distal to this, directly below a SNP marker derived from a heat shock 90 family protein gene (HSP90). In the US 'Otawa3' X 'Robusta5' population inoculated with E. amylovora strains Ea273 or E2002a, the position of the LOD score peak on linkage group 3 was dependent upon the pathogen strains used for inoculation. One of the five MxdRLP1 alleles identified in fire blight resistant and susceptible cultivars was genetically associated with resistance and used to develop a high resolution melting PCR marker. A resistance QTL detected on linkage group 7 of the US population co-located with another HSP90 gene-family member and a WRKY transcription factor previously associated with fire blight resistance. However, this QTL was not observed in the New Zealand or German populations. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the upper region of 'Robusta 5' linkage group 3 contains multiple genes contributing to fire blight resistance and that their contributions to resistance can vary depending upon pathogen virulence and other factors. Mapping markers derived from putative fire blight resistance genes has proved a useful aid in defining these QTLs and developing markers for marker-assisted breeding of fire blight resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Gardiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Manawatu Mail Centre, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John L Norelli
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Nihal de Silva
- PFR Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630W. North St., Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Andreas Peil
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Foundation E. Mach - Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Mary Horner
- PFR Hawke’s Bay, Private Bag 1401, 4157, Havelock North, New Zealand
| | - Deepa Bowatte
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Manawatu Mail Centre, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Charmaine Carlisle
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Manawatu Mail Centre, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Claudia Wiedow
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Manawatu Mail Centre, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yizhen Wan
- Apple Research Center, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Carole L Bassett
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Angela M Baldo
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630W. North St., Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Celton
- UMR Génétique et Horticulture (GenHort), INRA ⁄ Agrocampus-ouest ⁄ Université d’Angers, Centre Angers-Nantes, 42 rue Georges Morel – BP 60057, 49071, Beaucouze´ Cedex, France
| | - Klaus Richter
- JKI, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Herb S Aldwinckle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, 630W. North St., Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Vincent GM Bus
- PFR Hawke’s Bay, Private Bag 1401, 4157, Havelock North, New Zealand
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Jensen PJ, Halbrendt N, Fazio G, Makalowska I, Altman N, Praul C, Maximova SN, Ngugi HK, Crassweller RM, Travis JW, McNellis TW. Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:9. [PMID: 22229964 PMCID: PMC3277459 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desirable apple varieties are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative scions onto rootstocks. Rootstocks influence many phenotypic traits of the scion, including resistance to pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora, which causes fire blight, the most serious bacterial disease of apple. The purpose of the present study was to quantify rootstock-mediated differences in scion fire blight susceptibility and to identify transcripts in the scion whose expression levels correlated with this response. RESULTS Rootstock influence on scion fire blight resistance was quantified by inoculating three-year old, orchard-grown apple trees, consisting of 'Gala' scions grafted to a range of rootstocks, with E. amylovora. Disease severity was measured by the extent of shoot necrosis over time. 'Gala' scions grafted to G.30 or MM.111 rootstocks showed the lowest rates of necrosis, while 'Gala' on M.27 and B.9 showed the highest rates of necrosis. 'Gala' scions on M.7, S.4 or M.9F56 had intermediate necrosis rates. Using an apple DNA microarray representing 55,230 unique transcripts, gene expression patterns were compared in healthy, un-inoculated, greenhouse-grown 'Gala' scions on the same series of rootstocks. We identified 690 transcripts whose steady-state expression levels correlated with the degree of fire blight susceptibility of the scion/rootstock combinations. Transcripts known to be differentially expressed during E. amylovora infection were disproportionately represented among these transcripts. A second-generation apple microarray representing 26,000 transcripts was developed and was used to test these correlations in an orchard-grown population of trees segregating for fire blight resistance. Of the 690 transcripts originally identified using the first-generation array, 39 had expression levels that correlated with fire blight resistance in the breeding population. CONCLUSIONS Rootstocks had significant effects on the fire blight susceptibility of 'Gala' scions, and rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns could be correlated with differences in susceptibility. The results suggest a relationship between rootstock-regulated fire blight susceptibility and sorbitol dehydrogenase, phenylpropanoid metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis, among others. This study illustrates the utility of our rootstock-regulated gene expression data sets for candidate trait-associated gene data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Jensen
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Noemi Halbrendt
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- USDA/ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Izabela Makalowska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Naomi Altman
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Craig Praul
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Siela N Maximova
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Henry K Ngugi
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA
| | - Robert M Crassweller
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - James W Travis
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA
| | - Timothy W McNellis
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Lefebvre F, Fazio G, Palstra AP, Székely C, Crivelli AJ. An evaluation of indices of gross pathology associated with the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus in eels. J Fish Dis 2011; 34:31-45. [PMID: 21118268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compares two alternative indices for quantifying the gross pathology of the swimbladder of eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), infected with the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus. Two observers recorded twice the scores obtained by the two indices on the same set of 71 wild caught eels (from elver to silver eels, French Mediterranean lagoons). The Length Ratio Index (LRI), performed better than the Swimbladder Degenerative Index (SDI), in three of four predefined criteria of decision. First, the LRI better correlated with an estimate of the swimbladder volume reduction, a functional consequence of the infection (representativeness). Also, the LRI was less prone to subjectivity (inter-observer variability) and more precise (intra-observer variability), although less easy to generate (time needed for measurement/assessment). Using a sub-sample of 32 unaffected eels (showing minor if any swimbladder damage and no living worms at autopsy), we ascertained a linear relationship between the swimbladder length and the total body length, a prerequisite of isometric growth, to definitively accept the new ratio index as a valid alternative to the SDI. Also, because the LRI can be recorded on live specimens with radio-imagery (non-invasive method), we recommend its use, and provide a graph of correspondence between the SDI scores, the LRI scores and the estimated proportion of gas loss in the swimbladder.
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Fazio G, Ferro G, Novo G, Novo S. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias: it's time we paid greater attention. J Postgrad Med 2010; 56:211-212. [PMID: 20842809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Fazio
- Department of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Italy.
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Fazio G, Sarulo F, Licata P, D'Angelo L, Passantino S, Visconti C, Zarcone P, Spanò C, Novo G, Novo S. Ivabradine versus bisoprolol. Minerva Cardioangiol 2010; 58:281-282. [PMID: 20440257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Fazio G, Ferro G, Carita P, Lunetta M, Gullotti A, Trapani R, Fabbiano A, Novo G, Novo S. The PFO anatomy evaluation as possible tool to stratify the associated risks and the benefits arising from the closure. European Journal of Echocardiography 2010; 11:488-91. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bardini M, Spinelli R, Bungaro S, Mangano E, Corral L, Cifola I, Fazio G, Giordan M, Basso G, De Rossi G, Biondi A, Battaglia C, Cazzaniga G. DNA copy-number abnormalities do not occur in infant ALL with t(4;11)/MLL-AF4. Leukemia 2009; 24:169-76. [PMID: 19907438 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still not well defined. Short latency to leukemia and very high concordance rate for ALL in Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL)-positive infant twins suggest that the MLL rearrangement itself could be sufficient for overt leukemia. Attempts to generate a suitable mouse model for MLL-AF4-positive ALL did not thoroughly resolve the issue of whether cooperating mutations are required to reduce latency and to generate overt leukemia in vivo. In this study, we applied single-nucleotide polymorphism array technology to perform genomic profiling of 28 infant ALL cases carrying t(4;11) to detect MLL-cooperating aberrations hidden to conventional techniques and to gain new insights into infant ALL pathogenesis. In contrast to pediatric, adolescent and adult ALL cases, the MLL rearrangement in infant ALL is associated with an exceptionally low frequency of copy-number abnormalities, thus confirming the unique nature of this disease. By contrast, additional genetic aberrations are acquired at disease relapse. Small-segmental uniparental disomy traits were frequently detected, mostly constitutional, and widely distributed throughout the genome. It can be argued that the MLL rearrangement as a first hit, rather than inducing the acquisition of additional genetic lesions, has a major role to drive and hasten the onset of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bardini
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Univ. Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi, 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
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Fazio G, D'Angelo L, Visconti C, Lunetta M, Di Gesaro G, Sutera L, Novo G, Novo S. Cor triatriatum dexter assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography reconstruction in a female adult patient. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:364-366. [PMID: 19513017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Fazio G, Augugliaro S, Lunetta M, D'Angelo L, Visconti C, Di Gesaro G, Di Maio C, Novo G, Indovina G, Novo S. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with Brugada syndrome. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:361-364. [PMID: 19513016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Finsterer J, Stöllberger C, Tymms T, Fazio G, Siejka S. Shall a pilot with left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction fly passengers? Int J Cardiol 2009; 145:72-3. [PMID: 19428132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fazio G, Novo G, D'angelo L, Visconti C, Gennaro F, Rizzo M, Sutera L, Lombardi R, Lo Cascio L, Pipitone S, Novo S. Syncope in pediatric patients: role of arrhythmias. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:271-272. [PMID: 19274035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Fazio G, Vitello D, D'Angelo L, Visconti C, Trapani R, Fabiano A, Di Gesaro G, Novo G, Novo S. Cardiac involvement in Friedreich's ataxia: our experience. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:269-270. [PMID: 19274034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Fazio G, Novo G, Evola G, D'angelo L, Visconti C, Licata P, Sutera L, Barbaro G, Sconci F, Giannoccaro V, Azzarelli S, Akashi Y, Fedele F, Novo S. Diagnosis and management of the Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: role of echocardiography. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:272-274. [PMID: 19274036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Puccio D, Novo G, Baiamonte V, Nuccio A, Fazio G, Corrado E, Coppola G, Muratori I, Vernuccio L, Novo S. Atrial fibrillation and mild cognitive impairment: what correlation? Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:143-150. [PMID: 19274024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Atrial fibrillation (AF), in addition to macroembolic complications, may also produce multiple cerebral ischemic areas due to microembolic phenomena and transient hypoperfusion, eventually leading to a progressive cognitive impairment and even to acclaimed vascular dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with AF. The reported results concern data obtained at the moment of recruitment. METHODS The authors studied 42 patients with a history of non valvular AF (paroxysmal, persistent, recurrent or permanent) and 40 homogenous controls in sinus rhythm without previous AF. All subjects underwent anamnesis, physical examination, biochemical and instrumental tests. To investigate the cognitive status, subjects underwent the following neuropsychological rating scales: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR),Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) Global Deterioration Scale (GLDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS). RESULTS AF Patients had worse scores versus controls at GLDS (P=0.0001), HIS (P=0.001), CDR (P=0.07) and GDS (P=0.07); no significant differences were found for MMSE even after correction for age and education. AF patients treated with warfarin showed better scores at CDR (P=0.04),GLDS (P=0.03) and GDS (P=0.007), compared to those in aspirin-treatment. Corrected MMSE scores did not differ. CONCLUSIONS The authors identified a slight cognitive impairment in the AF group; patients with paroxysmal, persistent or recurrent AF showed worse cognitive performances than permanent ones, suggesting a possible microembolic pathogenesis. Anticoagulation therapy could play a protective role, however more evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Puccio
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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