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A scoping review of educational programmes on artificial intelligence (AI) available to medical imaging staff. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:474-482. [PMID: 38217933 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical imaging is arguably the most technologically advanced field in healthcare, encompassing a range of technologies which continually evolve as computing power and human knowledge expand. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the next frontier which medical imaging is pioneering. The rapid development and implementation of AI has the potential to revolutionise healthcare, however, to do so, staff must be competent and confident in its application, hence AI readiness is an important precursor to AI adoption. Research to ascertain the best way to deliver this AI-enabled healthcare training is in its infancy. The aim of this scoping review is to compare existing studies which investigate and evaluate the efficacy of AI educational interventions for medical imaging staff. METHODS Following the creation of a search strategy and keyword searches, screening was conducted to determine study eligibility. This consisted of a title and abstract scan, then subsequently a full-text review. Articles were included if they were empirical studies wherein an educational intervention on AI for medical imaging staff was created, delivered, and evaluated. RESULTS Of the initial 1309 records returned, n = 5 (∼0.4 %) of studies met the eligibility criteria of the review. The curricula and delivery in each of the five studies shared similar aims and a 'flipped classroom' delivery was the most utilised method. However, the depth of content covered in the curricula of each varied and measured outcomes differed greatly. CONCLUSION The findings of this review will provide insights into the evaluation of existing AI educational interventions, which will be valuable when planning AI education for healthcare staff. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review highlights the need for standardised and comprehensive AI training programs for imaging staff.
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Chronic cholecystitis from Raoultella planticola infection associated with adenomyomatous hyperplasia. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac529. [DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 67-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Computed tomography was suggestive of cholecystitis, but neither ultrasound nor magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography found evidence of cholecystitis or biliary ductal dilatation. The patient was started on piperacillin-tazobactam, and blood cultures revealed gram-negative-rod bacteremia. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and bile cultures grew Raoultella planticola susceptible to ciprofloxacin, which was identical to the speciation of her positive blood cultures. In addition, pathology revealed adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis. Unlike other cases of R. planticola cholecystitis, our patient had no significant risk factors for the infection—no history of immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, nor underlying malignancy. We discuss the current knowledge of R. planticola infection in the setting of chronic cholecystitis and adenomyomatous hyperplasia.
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Faecal calprotectin as a potential biomarker of disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Infect 2022; 85:436-480. [PMID: 35768051 PMCID: PMC9233623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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P-226 Outcomes using induction chemotherapy followed by long-course chemoradiotherapy as total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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P043 A snapshot of respiratory microbiology results pre- and postcommencing Kaftrio®. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Appendectomy for Therapy-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis Results in Pathological Improvement of Colonic Inflammation: Short-Term Results of the PASSION Study. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:165-171. [PMID: 30285094 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The objective of this study was to examine the modulating effect of an appendectomy on the disease course of therapy-refractory ulcerative colitis [UC] patients, and to analyse appendiceal pathological characteristics predictive of pathological response. METHODS Patients with therapy-refractory UC, and referred for proctocolectomy, were invited to undergo laparoscopic appendectomy first. The primary end points were clinical response after 3 and 12 months. Secondary end points were endoscopic remission, failure, and pathologic response. Appendiceal specimens, and pre- and post-operative biopsies were histologically graded according to the validated Geboes score. RESULTS Thirty patients [53% male] with a median age of 40 (interquartile range [IQR], 33-47) underwent appendectomy, with a median preoperative total Mayo score of 9 [IQR, 8-11]. After 12 months, 9 patients [30%] had lasting clinical response, of whom 5 [17%] were in endoscopic remission. Pathological evaluation was possible in 28 patients. After a median of 13.0 weeks [range 7-51], pathological response was seen in 13 patients [46%], with a median decrease of 2 points [range 1-3]. Appendiceal inflammation was highly predictive of pathological response when compared with no inflammation or extensive ulcerations [85% vs 20%, p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Appendectomy was effective in one-third of therapy-refractory UC patients, with a substantial proportion of patients demonstrating complete endoscopic remission after 1 year. Pathological response was seen in almost 50% of patients and was related to active inflammation in the appendix, limited disease, and shorter disease duration. These early results suggest that there is a UC patient group that may benefit from appendectomy.
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Increased non-melanoma skin cancer risk in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunomodulatory therapy: a retrospective single-centre cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:978-985. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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62: A retrospective multicentre audit of outcome among patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have been treated with crizotinib in England. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Letter: vedolizumab for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in patients after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:376-378. [PMID: 27933688 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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The colorectal cancer (CRC) tumour microenvironment recruits and polarises two distinct populations of myeloid cells with unique regulatory profiles. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw393.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionInternet-delivered treatments for depression have proved successful, with supported programs offering the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Internet interventions are particularly interesting in the context of increasing access to interventions, and delivering interventions population-wide.ObjectiveInvestigate the potential feasibility and effectiveness of an online intervention for depression in the community.AimsEstablish the effectiveness of a supported online delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for symptoms of depression in adults in the community.MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled trial of an 8-module internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for adults with depressive symptoms (n = 96) compared to a waiting-list control group (n = 92). Participants received weekly support from a trained supporter. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The program was made available nationwide from an established and recognized charity for depression.ResultsFor the treatment group, post-treatment effect sizes reported were large for the primary outcome measure (d = 0.91). The between-group effects were moderate to large and statistically significant for the primary outcomes (d = 0.50) favoring the treatment group. Gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up.ConclusionThe study has demonstrated the efficacy of the online delivered space from depression treatment. Participants demonstrated reliable and statistically significant changes in symptoms from pre- to post-intervention. The study supports a model for delivering online depression interventions population-wide using trained supporters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behav Res Ther 2015; 75:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Spatial variation of the colonic microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis and control volunteers. Gut 2015; 64:1553-61. [PMID: 25596182 PMCID: PMC4602252 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relevance of spatial composition in the microbial changes associated with UC is unclear. We coupled luminal brush samples, mucosal biopsies and laser capture microdissection with deep sequencing of the gut microbiota to develop an integrated spatial assessment of the microbial community in controls and UC. DESIGN A total of 98 samples were sequenced to a mean depth of 31,642 reads from nine individuals, four control volunteers undergoing routine colonoscopy and five patients undergoing surgical colectomy for medically-refractory UC. Samples were retrieved at four colorectal locations, incorporating the luminal microbiota, mucus gel layer and whole mucosal biopsies. RESULTS Interpersonal variability accounted for approximately half of the total variance. Surprisingly, within individuals, asymmetric Eigenvector map analysis demonstrated differentiation between the luminal and mucus gel microbiota, in both controls and UC, with no differentiation between colorectal regions. At a taxonomic level, differentiation was evident between both cohorts, as well as between the luminal and mucosal compartments, with a small group of taxa uniquely discriminating the luminal and mucosal microbiota in colitis. There was no correlation between regional inflammation and a breakdown in this spatial differentiation or bacterial diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a conserved spatial structure to the colonic microbiota, differentiating the luminal and mucosal communities, within the context of marked interpersonal variability. While elements of this structure overlap between UC and control volunteers, there are differences between the two groups, both in terms of the overall taxonomic composition and how spatial structure is ascribable to distinct taxa.
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2020 Modulation of colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by KHSRP through the tumor microenvironment. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:443-68. [PMID: 24613021 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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First report of potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease associated with PVY recombinant strains in Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.028.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ileocolic intussusception secondary to a type II low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15:e200-1. [PMID: 23351140 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Management of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Tech Coloproctol 2013; 18:23-8. [PMID: 23407916 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-013-0981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the clinicopathological features and survival rates of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A retrospective review was performed on a prospectively maintained institutional database (1981-2011) to identify patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed CRC. Clinicopathological parameters, management and outcomes were analysed. RESULTS A total of 2,843 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were identified. One thousand six hundred and forty-two had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 1,201 had Crohn's disease (CD). Following exclusion criteria, there were 29 patients with biopsy-proven colorectal carcinoma, 22 of whom had UC and 7 had CD. Twenty-six patients had a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy/dysplasia; 16 of these were diagnosed at surveillance endoscopy. Nodal/distant metastasis was identified at presentation in 47 and 71 % of the UC and CD group, respectively. Operative morbidity for UC and CD was 33 and 17 %, respectively. Despite the less favourable operative outcomes following surgery management of UC-related CRC, overall 5-year survival was significantly better in the UC group compared to the CD group (41 vs. 29 %; p = 0.04) reflecting the difference in stage at presentation between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients who undergo surgery for UC-related CRC have less favourable short-term outcomes but present at a less advanced stage and have a more favourable long-term prognosis than similar patients with CRC and CD.
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Mycophenolate mofetil following intolerance or failure of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:1040-2. [PMID: 21933214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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P06.05 A point prevalence study of healthcare-associated infection in patients with delayed discharge in an acute tertiary referral hospital. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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201: Lung Transplantation in Children after Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Immune cell regulation and cardiovascular effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists in rodents are mediated via distinct receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309:758-68. [PMID: 14747617 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.062828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysolipid with pleiotropic functions mediated through a family of G protein-coupled receptors, S1P(1,2,3,4,5). Physiological effects of S1P receptor agonists include regulation of cardiovascular function and immunosuppression via redistribution of lymphocytes from blood to secondary lymphoid organs. The phosphorylated metabolite of the immunosuppressant agent FTY720 (2-amino-2-(2-[4-octylphenyl]ethyl)-1,3-propanediol) and other phosphonate analogs with differential receptor selectivity were investigated. No significant species differences in compound potency or rank order of activity on receptors cloned from human, murine, and rat sources were observed. All synthetic analogs were high-affinity agonists on S1P(1), with IC(50) values for ligand binding between 0.3 and 14 nM. The correlation between S1P(1) receptor activation and the ED(50) for lymphocyte reduction was highly significant (p < 0.001) and lower for the other receptors. In contrast to S1P(1)-mediated effects on lymphocyte recirculation, three lines of evidence link S1P(3) receptor activity with acute toxicity and cardiovascular regulation: compound potency on S1P(3) correlated with toxicity and bradycardia; the shift in potency of phosphorylated-FTY720 for inducing lymphopenia versus bradycardia and hypertension was consistent with affinity for S1P(1) relative to S1P(3); and toxicity, bradycardia, and hypertension were absent in S1P(3)(-/-) mice. Blood pressure effects of agonists in anesthetized rats were complex, whereas hypertension was the predominant effect in conscious rats and mice. Immunolocalization of S1P(3) in rodent heart revealed abundant expression on myocytes and perivascular smooth muscle cells consistent with regulation of bradycardia and hypertension, whereas S1P(1) expression was restricted to the vascular endothelium.
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Fetal hydrops due to supraventricular tachycardia--successful outcome in a difficult case. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2003; 96:52-3. [PMID: 12674156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Evaluation of the performance and clinical impact of a rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay in conjunction with preoperative imaging and concise parathyroidectomy. Clin Chem 2001; 47:919-25. [PMID: 11325897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (99m)Tc-sestamibi scans and rapid, intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays allow preoperative identification of diseased glands and intraoperative confirmation of diseased gland removal, respectively. Use of these two new technologies may facilitate simpler, more concise surgery, shorter hospital stays, and decreased costs for frozen-section analysis. One major drawback to this new strategy has been the high cost of rapid point-of-care PTH assays. METHODS We performed rapid PTH assays with the DPC Turbo PTH assay on the DPC IMMULITE automated analyzer. The number of intraoperative frozen sections, type of anesthesia, surgical approach, length of hospital stay, and pre- and postoperative calcium values were compared between a group of 49 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy where the intraoperative PTH assay was used in conjunction with preoperative imaging, and a historical control group of 55 patients before the use of these two technologies in our institution. RESULTS Comparison of the Turbo PTH assay to the standard IMMULITE PTH assay gave the following: y = 1.08 x - 4.36 (r = 0.97; n = 48). For the 49 patients, the median turnaround time for each intraoperative PTH determination was 19 min (range, 14-40 min). The median decrease in PTH values from baseline was 88% (range, 33-99%). Thirty-seven patients required two PTH determinations, 7 required three, 4 had four, and 1 required five determinations. The average laboratory cost for the rapid intraoperative PTH assays was < $100 per patient (range, $55 to $113). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly fewer frozen sections (1.4 vs 2.5; P < 0.0001), shorter hospital stays (17 discharged on the day of surgery vs none discharged on the day of surgery; P < 0.0001), greater use of local anesthesia (33% vs 0%; P < 0.001), and more unilateral, rather than bilateral neck explorations (65% vs 0%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combination of intraoperative Turbo PTH assay and preoperative (99m)Tc-sestamibi scans can lead to significant decreases in laboratory and surgical pathology costs, hospital stays, and exposure to general anesthesia by facilitating concise parathyroidectomy surgery.
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Abstract
The MDR-3-encoded P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is highly expressed in liver and is thought to function as a hepatic transporter of phospholipids into bile. However its role, if any, in other tissues remains undefined. Although transfection experiments have indicated that it may be unable to confer drug resistance, there is evidence that it may be involved in drug resistance in certain B-cell leukaemias. To date, most work on clinical samples has been performed at the mRNA level; limited work has been performed using polyclonal antibodies raised to MDR-3 and mdr-2 (the murine equivalent of MDR-3). We have generated a new monoclonal antibody, termed 6/1G, which specifically recognises the human MDR-3 gene-encoded product. Antibody 6/1G was produced by in vitro immunisation of spleen cells from BALB/c mice with a synthetic 12-amino acid peptide. Cells from MDR-3 transgenic mice showed consistent membranous staining with antibody 6/1G. Immunoblotting with 6/1G identified a band at 170 kDa on lysates of MDR-3 transgenic cells. Preliminary results with a range of B-cell leukaemias suggest that MDR-3 Pgp positivity may be a marker for a more malignant phenotype in B-CLL. Antibody 6/1G may be useful in defining a role for MDR-3 in malignancy and drug resistance, as well as in certain liver diseases such as progressive familial intracholeostasis.
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Preoperative diagnosis and surgical management of neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors: general recommendations by a consensus workshop. World J Surg 1998; 22:309-18. [PMID: 9494425 DOI: 10.1007/s002689900387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1996 a consensus workshop on the preoperative diagnosis and surgical treatment of neuroendocrine tumor disease took place in Berlin. Although there was a consensus on the diagnosis and surgical treatment by world experts in neuroendocrine surgery in some areas, it became clear that certain management policies vary among centers. In large part, diverging policies reflect a lack of controlled studies. This paper summarizes the various opinions brought forward during this conference and emphasizes consensus approaches for the diagnosis and therapy of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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A new mdr-1 encoded P-170 specific monoclonal antibody: (6/1C) on paraffin wax embedded tissue without pretreatment of sections. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50:465-71. [PMID: 9378810 PMCID: PMC499970 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.50.6.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The generation and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognises the mdr-1 encoded protein, P-glycoprotein (P-170), on routinely processed formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue sections. METHODS The monoclonal antibody, designated 6/1C, was produced following a combination of in vivo and in vitro immunisation regimens in Balb/c mice with a synthetic 12 amino acid peptide that corresponds to amino acids 21-32 (believed to be intracellularly located) of P-170 and has insignificant homology with the mdr-3 encoded P-170. Antibody 6/1C was characterised by western blotting and immunocytochemistry on cytospins of paired multidrug resistant or sensitive cell lines, including mdr-1 and mdr-3 transfected cells, and by immunohistochemistry on normal and malignant formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue sections. RESULTS Antibody 6/1C showed a single band at 170 kDa on western blots of multidrug resistant cell lysates and mdr-1 transfected cell lysates that was absent on similar preparations of drug sensitive cells and mdr-3 transfected cells. Immunocytochemical studies on cytospins of multidrug resistant cells and mdr-1 transfected cells revealed strong inner plasma membrane/cytoplasmic staining. Staining was negligible on drug sensitive cells and cells transfected with the mdr-3 gene. Immunohistochemical studies on formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded normal adult kidney, liver, and breast tissue and a range of fetal tissues exhibited staining patterns of a variety of secretory surfaces consistent with documented mdr-1 specific staining. Specific staining of malignant cells in similarly treated sections of breast tumours was seen also with antibody 6/1C. Staining on paraffin wax embedded tissue with this antibody did not require any pretreatment of tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS This new monoclonal antibody, chosen for its specificity with the mdr-1 encoded P-170 and its reactivity on routinely fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue samples without pretreatment, appears to be useful for the investigation of P-170 in archival material. It is especially useful for retrospective studies on pretreatment and post-treatment tissue sections, and could help establish when and how rapidly mdr-1 associated drug resistance develops during chemotherapeutic regimens. Immunohistochemical assessment of P-170 expression in many cancers has potential for diagnostic purposes and may influence the choice of chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of refractory tumours.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antibody Specificity
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Paraffin Embedding
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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The multidrug-resistant human lung tumour cell line, DLKP-A10, expresses novel drug accumulation and sequestration systems. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53:1493-502. [PMID: 9260877 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug accumulation studies with the anticancer agents adriamycin and vincristine were carried out on the MDR variant of the human lung cell lines DLKP, DLKP-A10 which overexpresses the MDR associated P-glycoprotein efflux pump. Reduced cellular accumulation of both agents was observed in the resistant variant. The subsequent addition of verapamil and cyclosporin A resulted in partial restoration of cellular accumulation of both drugs in the DLKP-A10 resistant variant while complete restoration of cellular drug levels was observed in the SKMES-1/ADR cell line. These results suggested that the accumulation defect observed in the SKMES-1/ADR cell line was P-glycoprotein mediated and that accordingly, the cells exhibited characteristics consistent with the classical MDR phenotype. In contrast, while P-glycoprotein also appears to mediate a reduction in cellular drug accumulation in the DLKP-A10 cells, an alternative transport mechanism may also be present. No significant increase in the expression of either the MRP or LRP transport proteins was observed in the resistant cells. Metabolic inhibition by antimycin A (but not sodium azide or 2-deoxy-D-glucose) resulted in complete restoration of drug accumulation suggesting the presence of an alternative energy dependent transport mechanism. Fluorescent microscopy studies indicated different cellular localisation of the drug within the parental and resistant cells despite equivalent intracellular concentrations. These studies also revealed the presence of an ATP-dependent, vesicular sequestration mechanism which may be involved in the reduction of nuclear adriamycin accumulation in the DLKP-A10 cell line. This was indicated by observation of the disruption of cytoplasmic vesicles by antimycin A and also inhibition of cytoplasmic drug sequestration by the carboxylic ionophores, monensin and nigericin, accompanied by increased adriamycin accumulation and redistribution of the drug from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Conversation, co-ordination and convention: an empirical investigation of how groups establish linguistic conventions. Cognition 1994; 53:181-215. [PMID: 7842633 DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments are reported which demonstrate the development of co-ordinated description languages in two groups of communicators playing Garrod and Anderson's (1987) maze game. The experiments contrast language co-ordination between speakers who always interact with the same partner (isolated pairs) as compared with speakers who interact with different partners drawn from the same community. Whereas the isolated pairs show higher degrees of inter-speaker convergence than the community pairs at the start of the experiment, the situation reverses by the time they have all played six or more games. The results are discussed at two levels: (1) in terms of Lewis's formal theory of conventions, and (2) in relation to a language processing model which abides by the "output/input co-ordination" principle proposed in Garrod and Anderson (1987).
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[Suffering and guilt]. L' INFIRMIERE CANADIENNE 1979; 21:24. [PMID: 259573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The patient in pain: handling the guilt feelings. THE CANADIAN NURSE 1979; 75:31. [PMID: 252929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Effects of cue-controlled relaxation, a placebo treatment, and no treatment on changes in self-reported test anxiety among college students. J Clin Psychol 1978; 34:707-14. [PMID: 357451 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<707::aid-jclp2270340326>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight test-anxious Ss received either "cue-controlled relaxation therapy," an inert placebo treatment, or no treatment. Once before and twice after the experimental treatment period each S responded to three test-anxiety scales and to one measure of public-speaking anxiety. Once after the treatment, Ss rated the credibility of the procedure to which they had been exposed. Pre- and posttreatment scores on the measure of (untreated) speech anxiety and posttreatment ratings of credibility both showed that the cued relaxation and placebo procedures exerted equivalent experimental demand for improvement. Scores on all three test-anxiety measures showed that, under these conditions of equivalent demand,the placebo procedure reduced self-reports of test anxiety at least as much as did cue-controlled relaxation. Implications are discussed.
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Laboratory studies of the chemiluminescence from the reaction of atomic oxygen with nitric oxide under upper atmosphere conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1039/df9643700073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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