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Chan YKS, Affendi YA, Ang PO, Baria-Rodriguez MV, Chen CA, Chui APY, Giyanto, Glue M, Huang H, Kuo CY, Kim SW, Lam VYY, Lane DJW, Lian JS, Lin SMNN, Lunn Z, Nañola CL, Nguyen VL, Park HS, Suharsono, Sutthacheep M, Vo ST, Vibol O, Waheed Z, Yamano H, Yeemin T, Yong E, Kimura T, Tun K, Chou LM, Huang D. Decadal stability in coral cover could mask hidden changes on reefs in the East Asian Seas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:630. [PMID: 37301948 PMCID: PMC10257672 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs in the Central Indo-Pacific region comprise some of the most diverse and yet threatened marine habitats. While reef monitoring has grown throughout the region in recent years, studies of coral reef benthic cover remain limited in spatial and temporal scales. Here, we analysed 24,365 reef surveys performed over 37 years at 1972 sites throughout East Asia by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network using Bayesian approaches. Our results show that overall coral cover at surveyed reefs has not declined as suggested in previous studies and compared to reef regions like the Caribbean. Concurrently, macroalgal cover has not increased, with no indications of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on reefs. Yet, models incorporating socio-economic and environmental variables reveal negative associations of coral cover with coastal urbanisation and sea surface temperature. The diversity of reef assemblages may have mitigated cover declines thus far, but climate change could threaten reef resilience. We recommend prioritisation of regionally coordinated, locally collaborative long-term studies for better contextualisation of monitoring data and analyses, which are essential for achieving reef conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K S Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Y A Affendi
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P O Ang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M V Baria-Rodriguez
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | - C A Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A P Y Chui
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Giyanto
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Glue
- Fauna & Flora International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - H Huang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-Y Kuo
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V Y Y Lam
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Washington D.C., USA
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D J W Lane
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - J S Lian
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M N N Lin
- Fauna & Flora International, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Z Lunn
- Fauna & Flora International, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - C L Nañola
- University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao, Philippines
| | - V L Nguyen
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - H S Park
- Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suharsono
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Sutthacheep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S T Vo
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - O Vibol
- Department of Fisheries Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Z Waheed
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - H Yamano
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukaba, Japan
| | - T Yeemin
- Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Yong
- Reef Check Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - T Kimura
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network East Asia Region, Tokyo, Japan
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau
| | - K Tun
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network East Asia Region, Tokyo, Japan
- National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L M Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Okamura H, Yamano H, Tsuda T, Morihiro J, Hirayama K, Nagano H. Development of a clinical microarray system for genetic analysis screening. Pract Lab Med 2022; 33:e00306. [PMID: 36593945 PMCID: PMC9803787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Research on the relationship between diseases and genes and the advancement of genetic analysis technologies have made genetic testing in medical care possible. There are various methods for genetic testing, including PCR-based methods and next-generation sequencing; however, screening tests in clinical laboratories are becoming more diverse; therefore, novel measurement systems and equipment are required to meet the needs of each situation. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel microarray-based genetic analysis system that uses a Peltier element to overcome the issues of conventional microarrays, such as the long measurement time and high cost. Methods We constructed a microarray system to detect the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene polymorphisms UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 in patients eligible for irinotecan hydrochloride treatment for use in clinical laboratories. To evaluate the performance of the system, the hybridization temperature and reaction time were determined, and the results were compared with those obtained using a conventional hybridization oven. Results The hybridization temperature reached its target in 1/27th of the time required by the conventional system. We assessed 111 human clinical samples and found that our results agreed with those obtained using existing methods. The total time for the newly developed device was reduced by 85 min compared to that for existing methods, as the automated DNA microarray eliminates the time that existing methods spend on manual operation. Conclusions The surface treatment technology used in our system enables high-density and strong DNA fixation, allowing the construction of a measurement system suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okamura
- Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author. Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Nakamura N, Okamura H, Yamano H, Ito H, Zembutsu H. Abstract 2420: The development of novel detection system for circulating tumor DNA using DNA chip system. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gene panels covering hundreds of mutation hotspots for detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have been developed for the establishment of clinically practical circulating tumor (ctDNA) detection system. Although amplicon-based or capture-based genomic profiling of genes commonly mutated in cancer using next-generation sequencing (NGS) system have been developed, they are not sufficiently sensitive nor accurate to be used for clinical diagnosis in hospital. As a result of preliminary study using 87 advanced pancreatic cancer (stage lll/lV), we observed that one or more KRAS mutation(s) could be detected in 60.9% of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer by using the amplicon-based deep sequencing system. To develop more sensitive and accurate ctDNA detection system, we optimized conditions of our DNA chip system. We firstly used 100 synthetic DNA samples, whose KRAS mutant allele frequencies were from 0.1% to 10.0%, and investigated the quantitativity of our DNA chip system. We amplified target regions by PCR to obtain 2,000 copies of synthesized DNA. The PCR product was hybridized with the probe on the DNA chip. The fluorescence ratio (mutant allele fluorescence intensity / total fluorescence intensity) of 100 synthetic DNA samples were clearly distinguished to that of negative control by using the DNA chip system. We defined an appropriate cut-off values of small quantities (0.1%) of mutations. Furthermore, to confirm the accuracy and reliability of this method, we verified our DNA chip system using 15 plasma cfDNA samples from patients with mutant KRAS (0.1~10.0%) and 15 samples from patients without mutant KRAS as negative control. 10 ng of ctDNA which extracted from blood sample is used in PCR. We observed that detected mutant status by DNA chip was completely concordant (100%) with those by amplicon-based deep sequencing system. Our data confirmed that mutant allele in cfDNA can be sensitively and accurately detected by DNA chip system. These results suggest that the ctDNA detection system developed in this study could be a novel diagnostic tool for tumor burden, and could realize the ultra-early detection of refractory tumors including pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Noriaki Nakamura, Hiroshi Okamura, Hirofumi Yamano, Hiromichi Ito, Hitoshi Zembutsu. The development of novel detection system for circulating tumor DNA using DNA chip system [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2420.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nakamura
- 1New Business Development Life Science Group, Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamura
- 1New Business Development Life Science Group, Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamano
- 2Life Science Department, Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ito
- 3Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Zembutsu
- 4Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakamura N, Hirayama K, Yamano H, Okamura H, Zembutsu H. Abstract 239: Development of DNA chip for detection of predictive SNPs for gemcitabine-induced adverse events. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
[Introduction] Anticancer agent gemcitabine is one of the effective chemotherapies and has been widely used for the treatment of patients with various tumors. However, 13-35% of patients receiving gemcitabine experience severe leukopenia/neutropenia. In our previous studies, we identified four novel SNPs (rs11141915, rs1901440, rs11719165 and rs12046844) associated with this toxicity. To predict the risk of gemcitabine-induced myelosuppression, we developed a high accuracy DNA chip system for genotyping of these four SNPs.
[Methods] We used 17 and 170 germline DNA samples of patients who received gemcitabine therapy in the first stage and second stage respectively. For SNP genotyping using the DNA chip, we amplified target regions by PCR with 10 ng of DNA extracted from blood samples. The PCR product was hybridized with the probe on the DNA chip. Genotype was detected by genotyping score, which was calculated the ratio of risk allele fluorescence intensity to total fluorescence intensity. To confirm the accuracy and reliability of this method, TaqMan genotyping assay was performed for 187 samples.
[Results and Discussion] In the first stage, genotypes of 17 samples were clearly divided into 3 types (non-risk type homo, hetero type, risk type homo). We defined an appropriate cut off value of genotyping score for detection of genotype according to the results of first stage. In the second stage, 170 samples, whose genotype were unknown, were genotyped using the DNA chip. The genotype results were completely concordant (100%) with those using TaqMan genotyping assay. Our DNA chip system is extremely useful as a simple method that is capable of genotyping using DNAs extracted from small amount of blood samples in general hospitals. The development of our DNA chip system provides new insights into personalized anti-cancer drug therapy including gemcitabine for the patients with cancer.
Citation Format: Noriaki Nakamura, Koichi Hirayama, Hirofumi Yamano, Hiroshi Okamura, Hitoshi Zembutsu. Development of DNA chip for detection of predictive SNPs for gemcitabine-induced adverse events [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 239.
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Tobita Y, Kondo S, Yamano H, Morita K, Maschek W, Coste P, Cadiou T. The Development of SIMMER-III, An Advanced Computer Program for LMFR Safety Analysis, and Its Application to Sodium Experiments. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt06-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Tobita
- Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, ATD/OEC, 4002 Narita O-arai, Ibaraki, 311-1393 Japan
| | - Sa. Kondo
- Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, ATD/OEC, 4002 Narita O-arai, Ibaraki, 311-1393 Japan
| | - H. Yamano
- Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, ATD/OEC, 4002 Narita O-arai, Ibaraki, 311-1393 Japan
| | - K. Morita
- Kyusyu University, Institute of Enviromental Systems 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - W. Maschek
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IKET, Postfach 3640 D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Coste
- CEA, DRN/DTP/SMTH, CE de Grenoble 38054 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - T. Cadiou
- CEA, DENCAD/DER/SERI, CE de Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance CEDEX, France
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Deguchi T, Yamano H, Takenouchi S, Iwamoto M. Catalysts for direct H2O2 synthesis taking advantage of the high H2 activating ability of Pt: kinetic characteristics of Pt catalysts and new additives for improving H2O2 selectivity. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01937k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To develop efficient catalysts for the direct H2O2 synthesis from H2 and O2 by taking advantage of the high H2 activating ability of Pt, kinetic studies of the H2–O2 reaction were performed using a Pt-PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) colloid and Pt supported on carbon (Pt/C) as catalysts, and new additives were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Deguchi
- Research and Development Initiative
- Chuo University
- Tokyo 112-8551
- Japan
| | - H. Yamano
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - S. Takenouchi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - M. Iwamoto
- Research and Development Initiative
- Chuo University
- Tokyo 112-8551
- Japan
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Heianna J, Miyauchi T, Yamano H, Yoshikawa K, Hashimoto M, Murayama S. Management of angiogram-negative acute colonic hemorrhage: safety and efficacy of colonoscopy-guided superselective embolization. Tech Coloproctol 2014; 18:647-52. [PMID: 24500723 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-013-1112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy and safety of superselective embolization with assistance of colonoscopy for acute colonic hemorrhage. METHODS Of 92 cases of acute colonic hemorrhage requiring colonoscopic intervention, 11 (12 %) could not be successfully treated. Of these, 10 patients (9 men, mean age 65.5 years, range 39-75 years) underwent superselective embolization. Hemorrhage was caused by diverticular disease (n = 8), polypectomy (n = 1), and vascular malformation (n = 1). In all 10 cases, the radiopaque clips were placed at the bleeding point via colonoscopy. Microcatheters were used in all procedures, and embolization was performed at the level of the vasa recta leading to or near the clips with Gelfoam particles, microcoils, or both. RESULTS Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all patients. In 6 of 10 patients (60 %), selective angiograms showed no active extravasation at the time of the procedure and the embolization was performed using clips as a landmark. In the remaining four patients, selective angiograms showed active extravasation from the vasa recta leading to the clips. The mean number of embolized vessels with no active extravasation and with active extravasation was 1.83 (range 1-3) and 1.25 (range 1-2), respectively. The mean duration of clinical follow-up was 11.6 months (range 1-29 months). One patient (10 %) bled from a different site than the treated site a month after embolization, but the bleeding ceased after endoscopic intervention. All the patients (100 %) were evaluated for objective evidence of ischemia by colonoscopy. Four of the 10 patients (40 %) were found endoscopically to have small areas of ischemia involving only the mucosa, but they remained asymptomatic. There was no bowel infarction or stricture. CONCLUSIONS Colonoscopy-assisted superselective embolization may be a safe and useful procedure for acute colonic hemorrhage without active extravasation on angiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heianna
- Department of Radiology, Ryukyu University of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan,
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Abstract
Fission yeast has at least ten protein phosphatase genes that appear to play distinct roles in cell cycle control. Because of functional overlap, a clear lethal phenotype can be obtained only after multiple genetic alterations. Cells that have lost the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-like dis2/sds21 phosphatase activities prematurely enter mitosis and remain in a defective mitotic state with high H1 kinase activity and without sister chromatid disjunction. The same phenotype can be obtained in the presence of hydroxyurea. Overexpression of PP1-like phosphatase, on the other hand, delays the entry into mitosis. Cells that have lost PP2A-like ppa2 phosphatase activity also prematurely enter mitosis with a reduction in cell size. This semi-wee phenotype is enhanced in delta ppa2 mutants treated with the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Genetic interactions between ppa2 and mitotic regulators suggest that ppa1/ppa2 phosphatase may directly or indirectly inhibit p34cdc2/cyclin kinase. Thus both PP1- and PP2A-like phosphatases in fission yeast may negatively regulate entry into mitosis. The major property of the dis2/sds21 mutant which is distinct from those of the ppa2/ppa1 mutant is its failure to inactivate the p34cdc2/cyclin complex after entry into mitosis. A novel phosphatase regulator encoded by sds22+ binds to dis2 phosphatase and controls the substrate specificity which appears to become essential in the progression from metaphase to anaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yanagida
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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9
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Kanaya T, Miyazaki T, Watanabe H, Nishida K, Yamano H, Tasaki S, Bucknall D. Annealing effects on thickness of polystyrene thin films as studied by neutron reflectivity. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yamamuro M, Kayanne H, Yamano H. delta15N of seagrass leaves for monitoring anthropogenic nutrient increases in coral reef ecosystems. Mar Pollut Bull 2003; 46:452-458. [PMID: 12705918 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a coral reef environment, a slight increase in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN;> or =1.0 micro M) can alter the ecosystem via macroalgal blooms. We collected seagrass leaves from the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean in five countries and examined the interactions between nutrient concentrations (C, N, P), molar ratios of nutrients, and delta15N to find a possible indicator of the DIN conditions. Within most sites, the concentrations of nutrients and their molar ratios showed large variations owing to species-specific values. On the other hand, almost identical delta15N values were found in seagrass leaves of several species at each site. The correlations between delta15N and nutrient concentrations and between delta15N and molar ratios of nutrients suggested that nutrient availability did not affect the delta15N value of seagrass leaves by altering the physiological condition of the plants. Increases in delta15N of seagrass leaves mostly matched increases in DIN concentrations in the bottom water. We suggest that delta15N in seagrass leaves can be a good tool to monitor time-integrated decrease/increase of DIN concentrations at a site, both in the water column and the interstitial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamamuro
- Institute for Marine Resources and Environment, AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan.
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Kudo S, Tanaka JI, Kashida H, Tamegai Y, Endo S, Yamano H. Effectiveness of immunochemotherapy with PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide, in colorectal cancer and changes of tumor marker. Oncol Rep 2002. [DOI: 10.3892/or.9.3.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kudo S, Tamegai Y, Yamano H, Imai Y, Kogure E, Kashida H. Endoscopic mucosal resection of the colon: the Japanese technique. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2001; 11:519-35. [PMID: 11778753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Early colorectal neoplasms, especially flat-type and depressed-type lesions, should be treated with an EMR technique. In general because depressed-type lesions, in contrast to flat-type or protruded-type lesions, tend to invade the submucosa rapidly, they ought to be treated by EMR at an early stage. Histopathologically in the case of lesions that only minimally invade the submucosa without vessel invasion (sm1a and sm1b without vessel invasion), a treatment can be completed with EMR. Massive submucosal invasive cancers ought to be resected by surgical treatment because of the risk of recurrence or metastasis. In addition, pit pattern diagnosis with magnifying colonoscopy is useful to determine a therapeutic method for colonic neoplasms. Lesions with the type VN pit pattern represent malignancy and usually invade the submucosa massively, so it is better to treat them surgically from the outset. Endoscopic mucosal resection should be conducted under fully controlled endoscopy to prevent complications. EMR is a superior therapeutic method and will be performed frequently in the future. It is necessary for colonoscopists to determine a suitable therapy for each colorectal neoplastic lesion. They also need to master the EMR technique in the correct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Showa Northern Yokohama Hospital School of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Abstract
Preferential involvement of the appendix has recently been confirmed in ulcerative colitis. Since the appendix is an aggregate of lymph follicles, this new observation implies a critical role of the lymph follicles, of both the large bowel and the appendix, in an etiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. This report presents two cases of ulcerative colitis in which lymph folliculitis and lymphoid hyperplasia were observed. Lymph folliculitis was observed endoscopically in a border between an established lesion and an uninvolved area. Case 1, proctitis type, relapsing remitting, mild in severity, showed lymph folliculitis in a proximal border of an established rectal lesion. Case 2, with left-sided colitis, mild in severity, had a skip appendiceal orifice inflammation. Lymph folliculitis was observed in the cecum surrounding established appendiceal orifice inflammation. In both cases, lymphoid hyperplasia was observed in an uninvolved area with clear vascular patterns. These two cases clearly demonstrate the involvement of gut lymph follicles in ulcerative colitis. Lymph folliculitis and/or lymphoid hyperplasia was proposed to be early lesions in ulcerative colitis. In addition, the need for microbiology targeting lymph follicles of the large bowel and appendix is stressed in order to disclose the casual microbial agents in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiba
- First Dept. of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita City, Japan
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Yamano H, Kitamura K, Kominami K, Lehmann A, Katayama S, Hunt T, Toda T. The spike of S phase cyclin Cig2 expression at the G1-S border in fission yeast requires both APC and SCF ubiquitin ligases. Mol Cell 2000; 6:1377-87. [PMID: 11163211 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel set of oscillation mechanisms for the fission yeast S phase cyclin Cig2, which contains an authentic destruction box and is destroyed at anaphase via the APC/cyclosome (APC/C). Unlike the mitotic cyclin Cdc13, however, Cig2 mRNA and protein peak at the G1/S boundary and decline to low levels in G2 and M phases. We show here that SCF(Pop1, Pop2) plays a role in transcriptional periodicity, as pop mutations result in constitutive cig2(+) transcripts. The instability of Cig2 during G2 and M is independent of either the APC/C or Pop1/Pop2, but requires Skp1, a core component of SCF. These data indicate that the APC/C and SCF control Cig2 levels differentially at different stages of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamano
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Control, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms are grossly classified into three groups: slightly elevated (small flat adenomas), laterally spreading, and depressed. Flat adenomas are not invasive until they are rather large, whereas depressed lesions can invade the submucosa even when they are extremely small. Nonpolypoid lesions are difficult to detect and are often overlooked. Keys to detect them are their slight color change, interruption of the capillary network pattern, slight deformation of the colonic wall, spontaneously bleeding spots, shape change of the lesion with insufflation and deflation of air, and interruption of the innominate grooves. Spraying of indigo carmine dye helps to clarify the lesions. A pit pattern analysis with a zoom colonoscope is useful for the diagnosis and staging of early colorectal cancer. Small flat adenomas are thought to be precursors of protruded polyps and lateral spreading tumors, whereas depressed lesions are thought to grow endophytically and become advanced cancers. Small depressed lesions are treated with an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) technique; but when they massively invade the submucosa, surgical resection is indicated. Laterally spreading tumors are not as invasive despite their large size and therefore are good indications for the EMR or piecemeal EMR method. Small flat adenomas need not be treated urgently, as almost none is invasive. Accurate diagnosis with dye-spraying and zoom colonoscopy is vital for deciding the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kudo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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Oyama Y, Yamano H, Ohkuma A, Ogawara K, Higaki K, Kimura T. Carrier-mediated transport systems for glucose in mucosal cells of the human oral cavity. J Pharm Sci 1999; 88:830-4. [PMID: 10430550 DOI: 10.1021/js980298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro uptake study was performed using the isolated cells of human oral mucosa, buccal and the dorsum of the tongue, to investigate the mechanisms of glucose uptake. The uptake of D-glucose was much larger in cells of the dorsum of the tongue than in buccal cells and was inhibited more extensively by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a substrate of facilitative glucose transporters, than by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, a specific substrate of SGLT1, suggesting the larger contribution of a facilitative transporter than Na(+)/glucose cotransporter. Furthermore, from the results of inhibition studies by several sugar analogues including maltose and D-mannose, GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 were suggested to take part in the glucose uptake by oral mucosa. Therefore, we have attempted to confirm the expression of glucose transporters on the oral mucosa by employing Western blotting. As a result, it was suggested that SGLT1, GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT3 are expressed in the epithelial cells of human oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Kayanne H, Harii S, Yamano H, Tamura M, Ide Y, Akimoto F. Changes in living coral coverage before and after the 1998 bleaching event on coral reef flats of Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.3755/jcrs.1999.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Tanaka H, Tsukuma H, Hori Y, Nakade T, Yamano H, Kinoshita N, Oshima A, Shibata H. The risk of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Osaka, Japan. J Epidemiol 1998; 8:292-6. [PMID: 9884479 DOI: 10.2188/jea.8.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors, we conducted a retrospective cohort study with 448,020 HCV-seronegative donors who donated blood more than once between February 1992 and July 1997 in Osaka (a total of 2,676,738 allogeneic blood donations). The donors were divided into four age groups according to the age at the initial donation: Group A (16-24 years), Group B (25-34 years), Group C (35-49 years) and Group D (50-64 years). Fifty-nine donors became infected with HCV among the 448,020 HCV-seronegative donors who donated blood more than once within a period of approximately five years. In a total of 1,095,668 person-years of observation (PYO), the incidence rate was 5.38 per 105 PYO, with the 95% confidence interval (95% C.I.) being 4.10 to 6.95. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate between males and females. Young donors between the ages of 16 and 24 (8.89; 95% C.I., 6.04 to 12.61) had a significantly higher incidence rate of HCV infection than donors between the ages of 35 and 49 (1.81; 0.67 to 3.95). The cumulative risk of HCV infection among donors between the ages of 16 and 64 was estimated to be 0.27% (95% C.I., 0.16 to 0.39) for males and 0.27% (95% C.I., 0.15 to 0.38) for females. Based on the recent age-specific incidence rate, the cumulative risk of HCV infection among blood donors was estimated to be about 0.3% in the Osaka district of Japan. The incidence rate differed among age groups, indicating that HCV infection is associated with age-related behaviors and the need for further epidemiological research towards the eradication of community-acquired HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
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19
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Tanaka H, Tsukuma H, Yamano H, Okubo Y, Inoue A, Kasahara A, Hayashi N. Hepatitis C virus 1b(II) infection and development of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Japan. J Epidemiol 1998; 8:244-9. [PMID: 9816816 DOI: 10.2188/jea.8.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes among asymptomatic carriers (ASC) and patients with chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis (NC-CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Osaka area, and to assess whether infection with HCV genotype 1b (II) is more likely to develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than is that with genotype 2a (III) or genotype 2b (IV). Genotypes of all study subjects were determined by Okamoto's method. HCV genotype 1b was detected in 100 of the 143 ASC (69.9%), 551 of the 726 NC-CH patients (75.9%), 86 of the 103 patients with LC (83.5%), and 153 of the 179 HCC (85.5%) patients. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis, the age- and sex- adjusted odds ratios contrasting NC-CH with ASC, LC with ASC and HCC with ASC were 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93-2.05], 2.28 (95% CI = 1.12-4.63) and 2.27 (95% CI = 1.02-5.06) respectively. HCV genotype 1b is predominant in both healthy carriers and patients with chronic liver diseases in the Osaka area. The findings from the three case-control studies indicate that type 1b infection is more closely associated with the development of LC and HCC than type 2a or 2b through its role in the progression of chronic liver inflammation to a cirrhotic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
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20
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Yamano H, Tsurumi C, Gannon J, Hunt T. The role of the destruction box and its neighbouring lysine residues in cyclin B for anaphase ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in fission yeast: defining the D-box receptor. EMBO J 1998; 17:5670-8. [PMID: 9755167 PMCID: PMC1170895 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.19.5670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed proteolysis of proteins such as mitotic cyclins and Cut2/Pds1p requires a 9-residue conserved motif known as the destruction box (D-box). Strong expression of protein fragments containing destruction boxes, such as the first 70 residues of Cdc13 (N70), inhibits the growth of Schizosaccharomyces pombe at metaphase. This inhibition can be overcome either by removal of all lysine residues from N70 using site-directed mutagenesis (K0-N70) or by raising the concentration of intracellular ubiquitin. Consistent with the idea that competition for ubiquitin accounts for some of its inhibitory effects, wild-type N70 not only stabilized D-box proteins, but also Rum1 and Cdc18, which are degraded by a different pathway. The K0-N70 construct was neither polyubiquitinated nor degraded in vitro, but it blocked the growth of strains of yeast in which anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) function was compromised by mutation, and specifically inhibited proteolysis of APC/C substrates in vivo. Both K0-N70 and 20-residue D-box peptides blocked polyubiquitination of other D-box-containing substrates in a cell-free ubiquitination assay system. These data suggest the existence of a D-box receptor protein that recognizes D-boxes prior to ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamano
- ICRF Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK
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21
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Kon S, Sasamori T, Kasai K, Yamano H, Endo T, Kon H, Kikuchi K. Ongoing somatic mutations of the immunoglobulin gene in MALT lymphoma with widespread MLP-type polypoid lesions. Leukemia 1998; 12:1495-7. [PMID: 9737704 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cut2(+) gene is essential for sister chromatid separation. Cut2 protein, which locates in the interphase nucleus and along the metaphase spindle, disappears in anaphase with the same timing as mitotic cyclin destruction. This proteolysis depends on the APC (Anaphase-Promoting Complex)-cyclosome which contains ubiquitin ligase activity. The N-terminus of Cut2 contains two stretches similar to the mitotic cyclin destruction box. We show that both sequences (33RAPLGSTKQ and 52RTVLGGKST) serve as destruction boxes and are required for in vitro polyubiquitination and proteolysis. Cut2 with doubly mutated destruction boxes inhibits anaphase, whereas Cut2 with singly mutated boxes can suppress cut2 mutations. Strong expression of the N-terminal 73 residues containing the destruction boxes leads to the accumulation of endogenous cyclin and Cut2, and arrests cells in metaphase, whereas the same fragment with the mutated boxes does not. Cut2 proteolysis occurs in vitro using Xenopus mitotic extracts in the presence of functional destruction boxes. Furthermore, Cut2 is polyubiquitinated in an in vitro system using HeLa extracts, and this polyubiquitination requires the destruction boxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Funabiki
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan
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Yamano H, Gannon J, Hunt T. The role of proteolysis in cell cycle progression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO J 1996; 15:5268-79. [PMID: 8895572 PMCID: PMC452271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell-free system derived from Xenopus eggs was used to identify the 'destruction box' of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe B-type cyclin, Cdc13, as residues 59-67: RHALDDVSN. Expression of indestructible Cdc13 from a regulated promoter in S.pombe blocked cells in anaphase and inhibited septation, showing that destruction of Cdc13 is necessary for exit from mitosis, but not for sister chromatid separation. In contrast, strong expression of a polypeptide comprising the N-terminal 70 residues of Cdc13, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of destruction box-mediated proteolysis, inhibited both sister chromatid separation and the destruction of Cdc13, whereas an equivalent construct with a mutated destruction box did not. Appropriately timed expression of this N-terminal fragment of Cdc13 overcame the G1 arrest seen in cdc10 mutant strains, suggesting that proteins required for the initiation of S phase are subject to destruction by the same proteolytic machinery as cyclin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamano
- ICRF Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnifying colonoscope allows 100-fold magnified viewing of the colonic surface. METHODS We examined 2050 colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy, stereomicroscopy, and histopathology and classified these lesions according to pit pattern. Based on stereomicroscopy, lesions with a type 1 or 2 pit pattern were nontumors, whereas lesions with types 3s, 3L, 4, and/or 5 pit patterns were neoplastic tumors. RESULTS The pit patterns observed by magnifying endoscopy were fundamentally similar to those demonstrated in stereomicroscopic images. When the diagnosis by magnifying endoscopy was compared with the stereomicroscopic diagnosis, there was agreement in 1130 of 1387 lesions (81.5%). True neoplasms could be differentiated from non-neoplastic lesions. Of lesions with a type 5 pit pattern with a bounded surface, 11 of 22 (50%) were found to be invasive cancers with involvement of the submucosal layer. If this pit pattern is found to involve a relatively broad area of the mucosal surface, extensive malignant invasion (sm-massive) should be strongly suspected. CONCLUSIONS The magnifying colonoscope provides an accurate instantaneous assessment of the histology of colorectal tumorous lesions. This may help in decision making during colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Although mitotic cyclins are well-known substrates for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis at the metaphase-anaphase transition, their degradation is not essential for separation of sister chromatids; several lines of evidence suggest that proteolysis of other protein(s) is required, however. Here we report the anaphase-specific proteolysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cut2 protein, which is essential for sister-chromatid separation. Cut2 is located in the nucleus, where it is concentrated along the short metaphase spindle. The rapid degradation of Cut2 at anaphase requires its amino-terminal region and the activity of Cut9 (ref. 14), a component of the 20S cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is necessary for cyclin destruction. Expression of non-degradable Cut2 blocks sister-chromatid separation but not cell-cycle progression. This defect can be overcome by grafting the N terminus of cyclin B onto the truncated Cut2, demonstrating that the regulated proteolysis of Cut2 is essential for sister-chromatid separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Funabiki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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27
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Abstract
From April 1985 to March 1995, colonoscopy was carried out at our institution in 24,059 patients, 31,800 times in symptomatic and/or asymptomatic average risk persons. 184 submucosal invasive carcinomas were detected. Unlike protruding-type lesion, the depressed-type invades the submucosal layer, even though the size is within 10 mm. The depressed type of invasive carcinoma accounted for 20 lesions, and represented 10.9% (20 of 184) of all the invasive carcinomas. The pit pattern of depressed-type lesions shows a small round pit (type IIIs pit pattern) and that of carcinoma lesions shows the irregular pit and non-structure (type V pit pattern).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kudo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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28
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Abstract
We show that the fission yeast dis2 protein phosphatase, which is highly similar to mammalian type 1 phosphatase, is a phosphoprotein containing phosphoserine (phospho-S) and threonine (phospho-T). It has several phosphorylation sites, two of which locate in the C-terminus. Phospho-T was abolished in the alanine substitution mutant at the C-terminal T316, which is conserved as a residue in the cdc2 consensus, TPPR, in a number of type 1-like phosphatases. In G2-arrested cdc2-L7 cells, the degree of T316 phosphorylation was reduced, whereas it was enhanced in metaphase-arrested nuc2-663 mutant cells. Phospho-T was produced in dis2 by fission yeast cdc2 kinase, but not in the substitution mutant A316, indicating that the T316 residue was the site for cdc2 kinase in vitro. Phosphatase activity of wild type dis2 was reduced by incubation with cdc2 kinase, but that of mutant dis2-A316 was not. Phosphorylation of T316 hence has a potential significance in cell cycle control in conjunction with cdc2 kinase activation and inactivation. Overexpression phenotypes of wild type dis2+, sds21+ and mutant dis2-A316, sds21-TPPR genes were consistent with negative regulation of dis2 by phosphorylation. This type of regulation would explain why cells harboring the dis2-11 mutation enter mitosis but fail to exit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamano
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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Tanaka H, Hiyama T, Tsukuma H, Okubo Y, Yamano H, Kitada A, Fujimoto I. Prevalence of second generation antibody to hepatitis C virus among voluntary blood donors in Osaka, Japan. Cancer Causes Control 1994; 5:409-13. [PMID: 7999962 DOI: 10.1007/bf01694754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the demographic characteristics of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Osaka, Japan, where hepatocellular carcinoma is common, we investigated the screening data of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV, DAINABOTHCVPHA, second generation assay) in 197,600 voluntary blood donors residing in Osaka. The study found that age-standardized prevalence of anti-HCV was significantly higher than that of HBsAg (2.25 cf 0.86 percent among males, P < 0.001; 2.17 cf 0.55 percent among females, P < 0.001. It was much higher in the blood donors aged 55-64 years than in those aged 16-54 years (8.49 cf 1.32 percent among males, P < 10(-5); 7.26 cf 1.42 percent among females, P < 10(-5)). The prevalence of anti-HCV among males was significantly higher than that of females in the younger (25-34 years) generations (1.02 to 1.49 percent cf 0.71 to 1.13 percent, P < 0.05). A similar tendency was observed in the prevalence of high-titer (> or = 2(12)) anti-HCV. The number of coinfection (both HBsAg and anti-HCV seropositive) was very small, and it was not statistically different from the expected number.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Field Research, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Okubo Y, Seno T, Tanaka M, Yamano H, Nakade T, Yamaguchi H. Conversion of group A red cells by deacetylation to ones that react with monoclonal antibodies specific for the acquired B phenotype. Transfusion 1994; 34:456-7. [PMID: 8191578 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34594249067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Tanaka H, Hiyama T, Tsukuma H, Fujimoto I, Yamano H, Okubo Y, Kitada A. Cumulative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus carriers: statistical estimations from cross-sectional data. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85:485-90. [PMID: 8014106 PMCID: PMC5919499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The probability of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers during their life-time is unknown. This paper addresses the estimation of the cumulative risk of HCC among HCV carriers using cross-sectional data. Age-specific prevalences of HCV carriers among the general population were estimated according to 5-year age group, based on the data of 2nd-generation anti-HCV assay in blood donors resident in Osaka (33,226 males and 29,054 females). Seropositivity of anti-HCV among 422 HCC cases, and the Osaka Cancer Registry data on HCC were used in the estimations of 5-year age-specific incidence rates of HCV-linked HCC. Using these data, the cumulative risk, i.e., the probability of contracting HCC within the following 15 years in 50-year-old HCV carriers, was estimated as 28% for males and 6% for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Field Research, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka
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32
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33
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Abstract
To understand the role of the type 2A-like protein phosphatase in the cell division cycle, we investigated the mutant phenotypes obtained when the fission yeast ppa1+ and ppa2+ phosphatase genes (which encode polypeptides with approximately 80% identity to mammalian type 2A phosphatases) were either deleted or overexpressed. We also investigated the in vivo effect of okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein serine/threonine phosphatases, on cell division. We show that ppa2+ interacts genetically with the cell cell regulators cdc25+ and wee1+, as a ppa2 deletion is lethal when combined with wee1-50 but partially suppresses the conditional lethality of cdc25-22 mutation. Evidence that ppa2+ negatively controls the entry into mitosis, possibly through the regulation of cdc2 tyrosine phosphorylation, is presented. ppa2 phosphatase is abundant in the cytoplasm, in contrast to the type 1-like phosphatase dis2, which is enriched in the nucleus. Overproduced ppa1 or ppa2 proteins accumulate in the cytoplasm near the nuclear periphery, and cells arrest in interphase. Okadaic acid-treated cells, like a ppa2 deletion, are short in length and display protein hyperphosphorylation. Cytokinesis is also inhibited, producing binucleated cells. We show that ppa2 is the genetic locus controlling okadaic acid sensitivity. The ppa2 deletion reveals the same hyperphosphorylated proteins as okadaic acid. When a strain deleted for ppa2 is treated with okadaic acid, cell size is reduced further to that of wee1-50 mutant strain or overexpressing the cdc25+ gene product, suggesting functional relationship of ppa2 with the cdc25 tyrosine phosphatase and/or the wee1 kinase in cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kinoshita
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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34
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Watambe J, Matsumoto C, Fujimura K, Shimada T, Yoshizawa H, Okamoto H, Iizuka H, Tango T, Ikeda H, Endo N, Mazda T, Nojiri T, Aoyama K, Kanemitsu K, Yamano H, Mizui M, Yokoishi F, Tokunaga K, Nishioka K. Predictive Value of Screening Tests for Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection Evidenced by Viraemia. Vox Sang 1993. [DOI: 10.1159/000462423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Stone EM, Yamano H, Kinoshita N, Yanagida M. Mitotic regulation of protein phosphatases by the fission yeast sds22 protein. Curr Biol 1993; 3:13-26. [PMID: 15335873 DOI: 10.1016/0960-9822(93)90140-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/1992] [Revised: 10/29/1992] [Accepted: 10/29/1992] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell cycle progression requires the activity of protein kinases and phosphatases at critical points in the cell cycle in all eukaryotes. We have previously reported that the dis2(+) and sds2(+) genes of fission yeast encode redundant catalytic subunits of a type 1-like protein phosphatase. The sds22(+) gene was shown to be essential for cell viability and to interact genetically with dis2(+) and sds21(+). RESULTS Here we show by immunoprecipitation that the sds22 protein physically interacts with the dis2 and sds21 proteins, and that sds22-associated phosphatase activity has altered substrate specificity, The loss of sds22 function by a temperature sensitive mutation leads to cell cycle arrest at mid-mitosis, at which point cdc2-dependent histone Hl kinase activity is high while sds22-dependent H1 phosphatase activity is low. To examine the unusual properties of sds22 protein structure, we analyzed a collection of sds22 deletion and point mutants by a variety of functional criteria. CONCLUSION We propose that sds22 is a regulatory subunit of the dis2/sds21 phosphatase catalytic subunits and that sds22-bound phosphatase carries a key phosphatase activity essential for the progression from metaphase to anaphase. Mutational analysis indicates that dis2/sds21 interacts with the central repetitive domain of sds22, while the C-terminal and central regions of sds22 may be involved in subcellular targeting and the N-terminus is important for stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Stone
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan
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36
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Toda T, Shimanuki M, Saka Y, Yamano H, Adachi Y, Shirakawa M, Kyogoku Y, Yanagida M. Fission yeast pap1-dependent transcription is negatively regulated by an essential nuclear protein, crm1. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:5474-84. [PMID: 1448080 PMCID: PMC360485 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.12.5474-5484.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast pap1+ gene encodes an AP-1-like transcription factor that contains a leucine zipper motif. We identified a target gene of pap1, the p25 gene. The 5' upstream region of the p25 gene contains an AP-1 site, and by DNase I footprint analysis, we showed that the pap1 protein binds to the AP-1 site as well as to a 14-bp palindrome sequence. p25 is overproduced when the pap1+ gene is overexpressed, whereas p25 is not produced at all in the pap1 deletion mutant. p25 was previously found to be overproduced in strains carrying cold-sensitive crm1 mutations whose gene product is essential for viability and is thought to play an important role in maintenance of a proper chromosomal architecture. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis of sequences upstream of the p25 gene demonstrated that the AP-1 site as well as the palindrome sequence are crucial for transcriptional activation either by pap1 overproduction or by the cold-sensitive crm1 mutation; pap1+ is apparently negatively regulated by crm1+. Moreover, we found that cold-sensitive crm1 mutations are suppressed by the deletion of pap1+, further indicating a close relationship between crm1+ and pap1+. The crm1 protein is highly conserved; the budding yeast homolog, CRM1, which complements the fission yeast cold-sensitive crm1 mutation, was isolated and found to also be essential for viability. These results suggest the functional importance of chromosome structure on the regulation of gene expression through the pap1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toda
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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37
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Abstract
The hydrolysis of substrates (maltoheptaose, maltopentaose, and maltotetraose) catalyzed by soybean beta-amylase [EC 3.2.1.2] at pH 5.4 and 25 degrees C was followed by monitoring small changes in the quenching of fluorescence due to tryptophan residues by the stopped-flow method. By analysis of whole time course, the dissociation constants, KdS, of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes were reasonably evaluated; and the difference in fluorescence intensities per mol between the enzyme-complex (ES or EP) and the free enzyme, delta F, was determined. The molecular activity, k0, was also determined by a new method of half time analysis. The KdS and k0 values are in good agreement with our kinetic data reported previously. The delta Fs of substrates were of smaller magnitude than those of products (G2 and G3), which means that the higher the binding affinity of the ligand is, the smaller the delta F value is. This indicates that at least two tryptophan residues must be located in the active site if the enzyme is rigid, or that if there is only one, the active site must undergo a structural change caused by the binding of ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunikata
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture
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38
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Hayakawa M, Abiko Y, Ito T, Sasahara H, Yamano H, Takiguchi H. Gene cloning of Porphyromonas gingivalis specific antigens recognized by serum of adult periodontitis patient. Int J Biochem 1992; 24:945-50. [PMID: 1319357 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(92)90102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Porphyromonas gingivalis is believed an important pathogen of adult periodontitis. A gene library of P. gingivalis 381 was constructed in lambda phage vector L47.1. The library was probed with serum obtained from patients of severe adult periodontitis. Two clones, lambda MDBG101 and lambda MDBG103 which were expressed, 200 and 160 kDa respectively, were selected and further studied. 2. The expressed antigens in these two clones were also reacted with rabbit antiserum against whole cells, capsular fraction and cell surface fraction of P. gingivalis. 3. Genes coding protein antigens in lambda MDBG101 and lambda MDBG103 were subcloned into high-copy-number plasmid vector pACYC184 and subclones obtained were designated as MD101 and MD103. Recombinant plasmids, pMD101 and pMD103, differed in their restriction endonuclease digestion. 4. Immunodiffusion analysis showed that cloned proteins from MD101 and MD103 reacted with antiserum against P. gingivalis but did not react with antiserum against Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii and Prevotella asaccharolyticus. 5. These data suggest that P. gingivalis species-specific antigens has been successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Since these cloned specific antigens were recognized by adult periodontitis patient sera, the recombinant antigen will be useful material for the development of serodiagnosis of P. gingivalis infection in adults periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiba, Japan
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Aiba H, Hanamura A, Yamano H. Transcriptional terminator is a positive regulatory element in the expression of the Escherichia coli crp gene. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:1721-7. [PMID: 1703152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids were constructed that contain deletions in the stem region of the presumed rho-independent terminator of the cloned crp gene of Escherichia coli. The level of cyclic AMP binding activity and the amount of CRP in cells harboring the deletion plasmids were found to be significantly lower than those in cells harboring the wild-type crp plasmid. Quantitative S1 assays indicated that the steady-state levels of crp mRNA were markedly reduced in cells harboring the deletion plasmids. Evidence was also presented to show that the crp mRNAs produced from deletion plasmids are less stable than that from the intact crp gene. In vitro transcription assays revealed that the putative crp terminator is indeed a rho-independent terminator. Using the galK expression system and Northern blot analysis we showed that the crp terminator is functional in vivo. Moreover it was shown that the deletion mutations in the stem region of the crp terminator cause a significant readthrough. We conclude that the 3'-flanking sequence of the crp gene acts to stabilize its own mRNA as well as to terminate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aiba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Aiba H, Hanamura A, Yamano H. Transcriptional terminator is a positive regulatory element in the expression of the Escherichia coli crp gene. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kinoshita N, Yamano H, Le Bouffant-Sladeczek F, Kurooka H, Ohkura H, Stone EM, Takeuchi M, Toda T, Yoshida T, Yanagida M. Sister-chromatid separation and protein dephosphorylation in mitosis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1991; 56:621-8. [PMID: 1668091 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1991.056.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kinoshita
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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Saito T, Seki M, Mihama T, Osawa S, Yamano H. [Study for improvement of oral health among the elderly. Present status of dental care service at elderly homes]. Nichidai Koko Kagaku 1990; 16:470-7. [PMID: 2134110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the dental environment at a living place could potentially become a factor causing a need for dental care, all 33 elderly homes (27 of which responded to the survey) in Tokyo were investigated for the purpose of identifying the present status of dental care service and the problems existing at these homes. The following are the obtained conclusions. 1. The rate of homes with dental care facilities is as low as 19.2%, and cooperation by dental care institutions, including house calls, is ensured only at the low rate of 11.1%. As a result, usually patients visit the dental institutions. 2. The involvement of the dental staff, including part-time, was 44.4%, less than half of the homes surveyed. The homes wishing to employ or receive service from dental staff accounted for 76.9%. The homes also expected them to be engaged in the activities of overall oral hygiene, including not only dental treatment, but also participation in the planning of oral hygienic management. However, 23.1% of the respondents did not wish to employ any dental staff or receive any such service. 3. Specific programs for the guidance and management of oral hygiene were not observed. Homes that conducted dental examination periodically and those that carried out activities related to oral hygiene during Dental Health Week were also lacking. In addition, the homes which had assigned personnel responsibility for oral hygiene represented only 12.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saito
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
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Abstract
On day 9 of gestation, pregnant dams were randomly divided into 3 groups. Dams of group 1 were fed a 20% protein diet as a control. Dams of group 2 were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with caffeine. Dams of group 3 were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with caffeine and zinc. The amount of caffeine added to the maternal diet was 2 mg/100 g body weight; the amount of zinc was 0.6 g/kg of diet. At birth, pups were mixed within each group, and 8 randomly selected pups from each group were assigned to each dam of the respective group and were continuously fed the same diet. On day 15, the pups were killed and cranial bones, mandibles and femurs removed. The bones were measured, and the mineral content of the mandibles and femurs was determined. Although there were no differences in the dimensions of the cranial bones among the groups, the measurements and mineral content of the mandibles and femurs were consistently affected by the caffeine in the diet. On the other hand, supplementation of the caffeine-added diets with zinc led to greatly improved bone development, reaching values up to or beyond control levels. Thus zinc supplementation of a caffeine diet given to the dams during gestation and lactation can favourably influence the otherwise impaired bone development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sasahara
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Matsudo, Japan
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Naganuma M, Ueno M, Iribe K, Hayama H, Murata N, Osawa S, Yamano H. [Determination of thiocyanate in saliva by high performance liquid chromatography]. Nichidai Koko Kagaku 1988; 14:459-62. [PMID: 3253600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Okubo Y, Seno T, Yamano H, Yamaguchi H. Test results of four monoclonal antibodies against markers of the Lutheran system. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 1988; 31:463-6. [PMID: 3212329 DOI: 10.1016/s0338-4535(88)80139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Okubo
- Osaka Red Cross Blood Center, Japan
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Saito T, Obama H, Nomura T, Iwamoto T, Yamano H. [Study for improvement of oral health among the elderly. Oral condition and awareness]. Nichidai Koko Kagaku 1988; 14:54-60. [PMID: 3253570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Okubo Y, Seno T, Yamano H, Yamaguchi H. Test results of 19 monoclonal anti-B and 12 monoclonal anti-AB. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 1987; 30:523-7. [PMID: 3452892 DOI: 10.1016/s0338-4535(87)80112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Okubo
- Osaka Red Cross Blood Center, Japan
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Tsukuma H, Oshima A, Hiyama T, Fujimoto I, Yamano H, Tanaka M. Time trends of the prevalences of hepatitis B e antigen positives among hepatitis B virus carriers in Japan. Int J Epidemiol 1987; 16:579-83. [PMID: 3440668 DOI: 10.1093/ije/16.4.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to examine time trends of the prevalences of HBeAg positives among HBV carriers in Japan, we analysed data on HBeAg of HBsAg positive voluntary blood donors (23,560 males, and 8659 females) at the Osaka Red Cross Blood Centre between January 1977 and March 1984. Age-specific prevalences of HBeAg positives decreased year by year for both sexes, especially for those in their teens and twenties. The prevalences of HBeAg positives decreased with age, but at any given age it was lower for the later than for the earlier birth cohorts. Although reasons for the secular declines are unknown, the findings suggest that the prevalence of HBeAg positives among HBV carriers will continue to decrease in Japan. This, together with the immunization programme implemented this year, may lead to a future reduction in the risk of HBV related liver diseases in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsukuma
- Department of Field Research, Centre for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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Mihama T, Hayakawa T, Sakurai N, Furuya S, Yamano H. [Study of illumination level in oral cavity--particularly on the palatal mucosa]. Nichidai Koko Kagaku 1987; 13:295-302. [PMID: 3506128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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