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Benefits and safety of dietary protein for bone health-an expert consensus paper endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteopororosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and by the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1933-1948. [PMID: 29740667 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses addressing the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes for bone health in adults suggests that dietary protein levels even above the current RDA may be beneficial in reducing bone loss and hip fracture risk, provided calcium intakes are adequate. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have addressed the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes for bone health in adults. This narrative review of the literature summarizes and synthesizes recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses and highlights key messages. Adequate supplies of dietary protein are required for optimal bone growth and maintenance of healthy bone. Variation in protein intakes within the "normal" range accounts for 2-4% of BMD variance in adults. In older people with osteoporosis, higher protein intake (≥ 0.8-g/kg body weight/day, i.e., above the current RDA) is associated with higher BMD, a slower rate of bone loss, and reduced risk of hip fracture, provided that dietary calcium intakes are adequate. Intervention with dietary protein supplements attenuate age-related BMD decrease and reduce bone turnover marker levels, together with an increase in IGF-I and a decrease in PTH. There is no evidence that diet-derived acid load is deleterious for bone health. Thus, insufficient dietary protein intakes may be a more severe problem than protein excess in the elderly. Long-term, well-controlled randomized trials are required to further assess the influence of dietary protein intakes on fracture risk.
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P680Improved outcomes for patients with liver disease undergoing aortic valve replacement after transfemoral approach. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P2733Prognostic implications of preclinical airway management with laryngeal tube (LTS-D) or endotracheal tube in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Targeting factor VIII expression to platelets for hemophilia A gene therapy does not induce an apparent thrombotic risk in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:98-109. [PMID: 27496751 PMCID: PMC5280575 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet-Factor (F) VIII gene therapy is a promising treatment in hemophilia A. This study aims to evaluate if platelet-FVIII expression would increase the risk for thrombosis. Targeting FVIII expression to platelets does not induce or elevate thrombosis risk. Platelets expressing FVIII are neither hyper-activated nor hyper-responsive. SUMMARY Background Targeting factor (F) VIII expression to platelets is a promising gene therapy approach for hemophilia A, and is successful even in the presence of inhibitors. It is well known that platelets play important roles not only in hemostasis, but also in thrombosis and inflammation. Objective To evaluate whether platelet-FVIII expression might increase thrombotic risk and thereby compromise the safety of this approach. Methods In this study, platelet-FVIII-expressing transgenic mice were examined either in steady-state conditions or under prothrombotic conditions induced by inflammation or the FV Leiden mutation. Native whole blood thrombin generation assay, rotational thromboelastometry analysis and ferric chloride-induced vessel injury were used to evaluate the hemostatic properties. Various parameters associated with thrombosis risk, including D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, fibrinogen, tissue fibrin deposition, platelet activation status and activatability, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates, were assessed. Results We generated a new line of transgenic mice that expressed 30-fold higher levels of platelet-expressed FVIII than are therapeutically required to restore hemostasis in hemophilic mice. Under both steady-state conditions and prothrombotic conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation or the FV Leiden mutation, supratherapeutic levels of platelet-expressed FVIII did not appear to be thrombogenic. Furthermore, FVIII-expressing platelets were neither hyperactivated nor hyperactivatable upon agonist activation. Conclusion We conclude that, in mice, more than 30-fold higher levels of platelet-expressed FVIII than are required for therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A are not associated with a thrombotic predilection.
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Comparison of platelet-derived and plasma factor VIII efficacy using a novel native whole blood thrombin generation assay. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2210-9. [PMID: 26453193 PMCID: PMC4715732 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently developed a successful gene therapy approach for hemophilia A in which factor VIII (FVIII) expression is targeted to platelets by the αIIb promoter. Levels of platelet-expressed FVIII (2bF8) achieved by gene therapy may vary between individuals due to differences in ex vivo transduction and gene expression efficiency. Accurate assays to evaluate 2bF8 efficacy are desirable. OBJECTIVE To compare the hemostatic efficacy of 2bF8 with replacement therapy over a wide therapeutic dose range. METHODS Efficacy of 2bF8 was assessed using a new transgenic mouse model expressing high 2bF8 levels (LV18(tg) ). Blood from LV18(tg) mice or FVIII(null) mice infused with recombinant FVIII was mixed with FVIII(null) blood at different ratios ex vivo to achieve several concentrations of 2bF8 or plasma FVIII. Samples were evaluated with a novel native whole blood thrombin generation assay that uses recalcified whole blood without the addition of tissue factor to initiate coagulation. RESULTS FVIII dose dependency was observed in all five thrombin generation parameters. While the total amount of thrombin generated was similar, 2bF8 significantly accelerated thrombin generation compared with plasma FVIII. Remarkably, a 10-fold lower dose of 2bF8 than plasma FVIII (0.2% vs. 2%) significantly shortened the onset and peak of thrombin generation compared with FVIII(null) blood. CONCLUSION Using a new transgenic mouse model, we showed that the novel native whole blood thrombin generation assay established here can be used to monitor platelet targeted FVIII gene therapy. The higher therapeutic efficacy of 2bF8 compared with factor replacement therapy seemed to be due to acceleration of thrombin generation.
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Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes. Part 7: The impact of ingredients added to kretek cigarettes on inhalation toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70 Suppl 1:S81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dietary supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant guinea pigs has sex-dependent effects on growth and bone outcomes in offspring. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:31-8. [PMID: 24928793 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Long chain PUFA enhance bone mass in non-pregnant mammals. We examined the effects of arachidonic (AA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acid on bone mass of mothers and neonates. Guinea pig sows (n=15) were fed control, DHA or AA+DHA diets from mating to weaning. Measurements included: osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in sows and neonates; and volumetric density (vBMD) in neonates. Only vertebral aBMD and OC:DPD ratio declined during reproduction and only DHA reduced OC:DPD. Male pup weight was reduced by DHA and female weight elevated by AA+DHA. Whole body and femur aBMD were reduced by DHA and AA+DHA; whereas tibia vBMD was reduced by DHA in males. Female whole body, tibia and vertebrae aBMD plus tibia vBMD were elevated by AA+DHA; and DHA elevated whole body, tibia and vertebrae aBMD. Dietary AA+DHA and DHA elicit sex-dependent effects on neonatal bone, with minimal impact on mothers.
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168: Failure of Free, Public Vitamin D Supplementation Program for Quebec Infants – Temporal Trends and Significant Predictors. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Surface modified PTFE promotes endothelial cell adhesion and simultaneously inhibits the attachment of platelets and bacteria. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Combined non-thrombogenic and endothelial cell adhesive surfaces by a single step procedure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cigarette smoke induces molecular responses in respiratory tissues of ApoE−/− mice that are progressively deactivated upon cessation. Toxicology 2013; 314:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lung inflammatory effects, tumorigenesis, and emphysema development in a long-term inhalation study with cigarette mainstream smoke in mice. Toxicol Sci 2013; 131:596-611. [PMID: 23104432 PMCID: PMC3551427 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, yet there is little mechanistic information available in the literature. To improve this, laboratory models for cigarette mainstream smoke (MS) inhalation-induced chronic disease development are needed. The current study investigated the effects of exposing male A/J mice to MS (6h/day, 5 days/week at 150 and 300 mg total particulate matter per cubic meter) for 2.5, 5, 10, and 18 months in selected combinations with postinhalation periods of 0, 4, 8, and 13 months. Histopathological examination of step-serial sections of the lungs revealed nodular hyperplasia of the alveolar epithelium and bronchioloalveolar adenoma and adenocarcinoma. At 18 months, lung tumors were found to be enhanced concentration dependently (up to threefold beyond sham exposure), irrespective of whether MS inhalation had been performed for the complete study duration or was interrupted after 5 or 10 months and followed by postinhalation periods. Morphometric analysis revealed an increase in the extent of emphysematous changes after 5 months of MS inhalation, which did not significantly change over the following 13 months of study duration, irrespective of whether MS exposure was continued or not. These changes were found to be accompanied by a complex pattern of transient and sustained pulmonary inflammatory changes that may contribute to the observed pathogeneses. Data from this study suggest that the A/J mouse model holds considerable promise as a relevant model for investigating smoking-related emphysema and adenocarcinoma development.
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Impact of Levosimendan on cardiac performance due to antioxidative effects? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Impact of diastolic dysfunction on global contractile capacity on the level of the myofilaments. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Methylene blue and tolonium chloride impair cardiac performance in human atrial tissue. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mid- and longterm results for patients undergoing MIDCAB-procedure for LAD-single-vessel-disease. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Redefining normal mineral and calcitropic hormone status in healthy infants. Clin Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Supplementation with Oral Vitamin D3 (400 Iu/Day) Supports Plasma Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D of 50 NMOL/L But Higher Intakes are Required to Reach 75 NMOL/L in Breastfed Infants. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.13ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Multiple receptor-mediated functions of activated protein C. Hamostaseologie 2012; 31:185-95. [PMID: 21826371 DOI: 10.5482/ha-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central effector protease of the protein C pathway, activated protein C (APC), interacts with the endothelial cell protein C receptor, with protease activated receptors (PAR), the apolipoprotein E2 receptor, and integrins to exert multiple effects on haemostasis and immune cell function. Such receptor interactions modify the activation of PC and determine the biological response to endogenous and therapeutically administered APC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about interactions of APC with cell surface-associated receptors, novel substrates such as histones and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and their implications for the biologic function of APC in the control of coagulation and inflammation.
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A hidden guide wire after coronary angiography- four years lost in the body. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Comparision of flow analysis in T- Graft, Y- Graft and Omega-Graft for myocardrevascularization. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Methylene blue reduces myocardial contractility. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ascending aorta perforation following dislocation of percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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The effect of the multi purpose drug tolonium chloride on myocardial contractility. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Alteration of calcium homeostasis in primary preeclamptic syncytiotrophoblasts: effect on calcium exchange in placenta. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:654-67. [PMID: 20178461 PMCID: PMC3922387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by maternal hypertension, proteinuria, oedema and, in 30% of cases, by intrauterine growth retardation. Causes are still unknown; however, epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested alterations in maternal calcium metabolism. We suggested that in PE, calcium transport by the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) is disturbed. From total placental tissues, we studied the expression of: calcium channels (TRPV5, TRPV6 [transient receptor potential vanilloid]), calcium binding proteins (CaBP-9K, CaBP-28K), plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA)1,2,3,4 pumps, ATP synthase, genes implicated in Ca2+ release [inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)1,2,3; Ryanodine receptor (RyR)1,2,3] and replenishment (SERCA1,2,3 [sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPases]) from endoplasmic reticulum, channels implicated in mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation (VDAC1,2,3 [voltage-dependent anion channels]) and a marker of oxidative stress (hOGG1 [Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1]), as well as the influence of these variations on calcium transport in primary ST cultures. The mRNA and protein levels were thereby examined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, in two different groups of pregnant women with similar gestational age: a normal group (n= 16) and a PE group (n= 8), diagnosed by a clinician. Our study showed a significant decrease in calcium transport by the ST cultured from preeclamptic placentas. We found a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mRNA levels of TRPV5, TRPV6, CaBP-9K, CaBP-28K, PMCA1, PMCA4, ATP synthase, IP3R1, IP3R2, RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3 in PE group compared to normal one. We also noted a significant decrease in protein levels of TRPV5, TRPV6, CaBP-9K, CaBP-28K and PMCA1/4 in PE group. In contrast, SERCA1, SERCA2, SERCA3, VDAC3 and hOGG1 mRNA expressions were significantly increased in PE placentas. Calcium homeostasis and transport through placenta is compromised in preeclamptic pregnancies and it appears to be affected by a lack of ATP and an excess of oxidative stress.
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335 THE APOE−/− MOUSE AS A CIGARETTE SMOKE-RESPONSIVE ATHEROSCLEROSIS MODEL SHOWING REVERSIBILITY UPON SMOKING CESSATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:438-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Comparison of Parent-Perceived Acceptance of Two Vitamin D Supplementation Modalities in Newborn in fants. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.68ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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The transcriptome of Nrf2-/- mice provides evidence for impaired cell cycle progression in the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysematous changes. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:238-52. [PMID: 20133372 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) imposes a strong oxidative burden on exposed tissues resulting in a severely disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, which in the context of chronic exposure is assumed to be a key contributor to CS-related diseases. Because of its emerging central role in orchestrating the general cellular antioxidant response, the pathway leading to the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 has received mounting attention over the past decade in investigations aimed at elucidating CS-induced pathophysiological mechanisms. To comprehensively characterize the impact of Nrf2 in acute and subchronic smoking scenarios, Nrf2(-/-) mice and their wild-type (wt) ICR littermates were exposed to either ambient air (sham exposure) or one of three doses of CS for up to 5 months, with two postexposure endpoints of 1 and 13 days. The lungs of the mice were monitored for transcriptomic changes on a genome-wide level, which confirmed an impaired expression of antioxidant and phase 2-related genes in CS-exposed Nrf2(-/-) mice. Importantly, in comparison to wt mice, an attenuated cell cycle/mitotic response and intensified stress gene expression pattern were observed in exposed Nrf2(-/-) mice, which was paralleled by clear dose-dependent effects on alveolar destruction and impaired lung function. In contrast, the inflammation-related transcriptional response and scores for various bronchioalveolar inflammation parameters were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in CS-exposed mice of both genotypes. Taken together, these results confirm the protective nature of Nrf2 in oxidative stress scenarios and suggest that the enhanced emphysematous phenotype exhibited by CS-exposed Nrf2(-/-) mice is more likely caused by an imbalance in cell loss and regeneration than by increased inflammation.
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Abstract
Activated protein C (aPC) is the key effector protease of the natural protein C anticoagulant pathway and exerts anticoagulant, as well as anti-inflammatory activity. This dual mode of action has been thought to underlie the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant aPC in the treatment of patients suffering from severe forms of sepsis. The development and characterization of recombinant variants of aPC with altered bioactivity profiles has generated an opportunity to test this concept by dissecting the roles of aPC's anticoagulant and cell-signaling functions in the treatment of sepsis. Animal studies suggest that aPC variants with near-normal signaling function, but with greatly diminished anticoagulant potential may exhibit a substantially improved risk-to-benefit ratio in sepsis therapy.
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Thrombosis risk modification in transgenic mice containing the human fibrinogen thrombin-binding gamma' chain sequence. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:102-10. [PMID: 18983496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Thrombin binding activity in murine fibrin (Antithrombin I) is restricted to its E domains inasmuch as murine gamma' chains (mu-gamma') do not bind thrombin. This feature prompted us to produce a 'gain-of-function' transgenic mouse in which the wild-type (WT) C-terminal mu-gamma' chain fibrinogen sequence had been replaced with the C-terminal thrombin-binding human gamma' sequence. RESULTS This procedure resulted in a murine fibrinogen species containing chimeric hu-gamma' chains (hu-gamma' fibrinogen). As anticipated, thrombin bound to WT fibrin at a single class of sites, whereas thrombin binding to heterodimeric hu-gamma'-containing fibrin was increased, reflecting its content of hu-gamma' chains. In an electrolytically-induced femoral vein thrombosis injury model, we found no differences in the volume of thrombus generation between WT and heterozygous hu-gamma' mice. However, heterozygous factor (F) V Leiden (FVL(+/-)) mice developed greater thrombus volumes than did WT controls (P < 0.01). In doubly heterozygous FVL(+/-), hu-gamma' mice, thrombus formation was reduced to WT levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Murine hu-gamma' fibrinogen down-regulates venous thrombosis in the presence of another known thrombosis risk factor, FV Leiden. This finding indicates that hu-gamma' chain-containing fibrinogen is a thrombosis risk modifier.
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Detection of different macrophage‐activating factor and interferon activities in supernatants of chicken lymphocyte cultures1. Avian Pathol 2008; 16:439-52. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458708436394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Combined tissue factor pathway inhibitor and thrombomodulin deficiency produces an augmented hypercoagulable state with tissue-specific fibrin deposition. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:111-7. [PMID: 17973652 PMCID: PMC3646640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and thrombomodulin (TM) are endothelial-associated anticoagulant proteins thought to control hemostasis in specific vascular beds. Here, we have examined the consequences of TFPI deficiency in the presence of a compounding procoagulant state caused by reduced TM function. METHODS AND RESULTS TFPI(+/-)/TM(pro/pro) mice are born at less than expected frequency in either TFPI(+/-)/TM(pro/+) or TM(pro/pro) mothers but are born at near the expected frequency in TM(pro/+) mothers. Adult TFPI(+/-)/TM(pro/pro) mice have elevated thrombin-antithrombin complex and increased thrombus volume in an electrical injury model of venous thrombosis. In striking contrast to mice with single deficiency of TFPI or TM, TFPI(+/-)/TM(pro/pro) mice exhibit augmented fibrin deposition not only in the liver, but also in the cerebral microvasculature. CONCLUSIONS TFPI(+/-)/TM(pro/pro) mice exhibit partial intrauterine lethality when carried by mothers with an underlying prothrombotic state, providing the first experimental evidence in an animal model that TFPI-dependent control of hemostasis in the vascular bed of the placenta fulfills a critical role for successful pregnancy outcome. In addition to the placenta, partial TFPI deficiency interacts with decreased TM function in an organ selective manner to produce fibrin deposition in other specific vascular beds, the liver and brain.
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THE THROMBOMODULIN PROTEIN C SYSTEM PROTECTS AGAINST DIABETIC NEUROPATHY VIA TWO INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS. J Thromb Haemost 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.tb00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of dietary supplementation with flax during prepuberty on fatty acid profile, mammogenesis, and bone resorption in gilts1,2. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:1675-86. [PMID: 17400971 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible role of dietary flax on pre-pubertal development of mammary glands and bone resorption was investigated in gilts. Fifty-seven gilts were fed 1 of 4 diets from 88 d of age until slaughter (d 212 +/- 1). Diets were control without flax (n = 14); 10% flaxseed supplementation (n = 13); 6.5% flaxseed meal supplementation (n = 15); and 3.5% flaxseed oil supplementation (n = 15). All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Jugular blood samples were obtained on d 78 and 210 to establish the fatty acid profile and to determine the concentrations of prolactin, estradiol, and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen. At slaughter, the mammary glands were excised, parenchymal and extraparenchymal tissues were dissected, and the composition of the parenchymal tissue (protein, fat, DM, and DNA) was determined. Histochemical analyses of the mammary parenchyma were performed, and fatty acid profiles in the extraparenchymal tissue were evaluated. Dietary flax increased (P < or = 0.001) the concentrations of PUFA and decreased those of SFA (P < 0.01) and MUFA (P < or = 0.001) in plasma and extraparenchymal tissues, which was largely due to the inclusion of 10% flaxseed or 3.5% flaxseed oil (P < or = 0.01) but not 6.5% flaxseed meal. Circulating concentrations of prolactin and estradiol were unaltered by treatments (P > 0.1), but concentrations of cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen tended to be greater (P < 0.1) in flax-supplemented gilts. The DM content of parenchymal tissue was the only mammary compositional value affected, showing an increase with flax addition (P < 0.05). No change (P > or = 0.1) in the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index or estrogen receptor localization was observed with treatments. Dietary supplementation with flax as seed, meal, or oil, therefore, brought about the expected changes in the fatty acid profile but had no beneficial effects on mammary development or bone resorption.
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Endothelial protein C receptor: location...with a pool! J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:1391-3. [PMID: 17456191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Das endotheliale Thrombomodulin Protein C System schützt vor der diabetischen Neuropathie durch zwei unabhängige Mechanismen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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1A.1 Animal model of fetal loss in factor V Leiden carriers: pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic targets. Thromb Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(07)70002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality of growing-finishing pigs fed diets based on short-season corn hybrids. Twenty-four individually housed, Cotswold, growing pigs with an initial BW of 41.4 (SD = 1.4) kg were blocked by BW and sex and randomly allotted from within block to 1 of 3 diets to give 8 replicate pigs per diet. Experimental diets consisted of a control based on barley and 2 diets based on corn as the main energy sources. A 3-phase feeding program for 20 to 50 kg (phase I), 50 to 80 kg (phase II), and 80 to 110 kg (phase III) of BW was used. Diets for each phase contained approximately 3.5 Mcal/kg of DE, with total lysine of 0.95, 0.75, and 0.64% in phase I, II, and III diets, respectively. Average daily gain, ADFI, and G:F were monitored weekly during each phase. Pigs were slaughtered after reaching a minimum BW of 100 kg to determine carcass characteristics. There were no effects of diet on ADG, ADFI, and G:F (0.45 +/- 0.02, 0.34 +/- 0.02, and 0.31 +/- 0.02 for phase I, II, and III, respectively). Carcass length, dressing percent, LM area, loin depth, backfat thickness, belly firmness, and L*, b*, and a* fat color were not different across dietary treatments. Pigs fed one corn variety had no differences in fatty acid profile with barley-fed pigs, whereas those fed the other variety of corn had a greater (P < 0.05) concentration of PUFA in their backfat. The results indicate that growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality of pigs fed diets based on short-season corn hybrids and those fed the barley-based diet were not different.
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Inflammatory and epithelial changes in lungs from apolipoprotein E deficient mice after chronic cigarette mainstream smoke exposure. Toxicol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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[Unusual postoperative fistula of the abdominal wall, caused by an ingested wooden spit perforating the intestine and lodging itself in the abdominal wall]. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2006; 27:59-62. [PMID: 16470481 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-858164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal fistula caused by an ingested wooden spit, which penetrated the intestinal wall and remained in the abdominal wall: a laparascopy was performed in a 41-year-old man suffering from acute appendicitis and an inflamed Meckel's diverticulum. After removal of the appendix and the diverticulum, a fistula developed in the excision channel of the left quadrant of the abdominal wall post-operatively. Despite repeated incision of the abscess in the course of 2 months, the fistula did not heal. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal wall was therefore performed. The postoperative status was without conspicuous findings. We could, however, detect a foreign body, a few centimetres long and 2-3 mm thick, displaying a smooth surface, deep down in the abdominal wall. A fistulography confirmed the diagnosis. After removal of the wooden spit, complete healing of the fistula in the abdominal wall was observed. Subsequently, the patient reported to have eaten a beef roulade, fixed with a wooden spit, 7 weeks before the abdominal operation.
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Das endotheliale Thrombomodulin Protein C System schützt vor diabetischer Mikroangioapthie und diabetischer Nephropathie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
High resolution X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) was used for the detection of emphysema in live mice. Emphysema was induced in C57BL/6 J mice by intratracheal instillation of different amounts of porcine pancreatic elastase. This emphysema could be clearly detected by micro-CT seven weeks post-treatment: analysis of the whole data set of virtual cross-sections showed the presence of a dose-dependent level of emphysema.
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Effect of adjuvant on reactogenicity and long-term immunogenicity of the malaria Vaccine ICC-1132 in macaques. Vaccine 2005; 23:4935-43. [PMID: 15998554 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ICC-1132 is a malaria vaccine candidate based on a modified hepatitis B virus core particle (HBc) bearing putative protective epitopes from the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of Plasmodium falciparum. While the epitope carrier itself is immunogenic, its potency can be increased by formulation with adjuvants. As a prelude to Phase I clinical trials, rhesus macaques were immunised twice with GMP grade ICC--1132 in saline or formulated with the adjuvants Alhydrogel (Alhydrogel) or Montanide((R)) ISA 720 (Montanide). Both adjuvant formulations gave significant humoral responses after the first injection, with titres increasing further after the second dose. The Montanide formulation was the most immunogenic, but undesirable reactogenicity in the form of sterile abscesses was associated with higher dosage levels of ICC--1132. These side effects could be avoided with lower antigen load, or by formulation of the second dose in Alhydrogel. Such measures also reduced peak titres and longevity of antibodies against CS, demonstrating the delicate balance between immunogenicity and reactogenicity of new vaccine formulations.
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Seasonal variation in birth weight. CMAJ 2005. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Protection of macaques against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by a subunit vaccine based on a fusion protein of antigen 85B and ESAT-6. Vaccine 2005; 23:2740-50. [PMID: 15780721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Various new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates in combination with new delivery systems, including subunit vaccines, are currently being evaluated by a number of laboratories. One vaccine candidate that has shown promising protective capacity in mice and guinea pigs is a fusion of Ag85B and ESAT-6. In this study, we have investigated the efficacy of this Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein vaccine in a non-human primate model for TB. Vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with the Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein in two different adjuvant (DDA/MPL, AS02A) resulted in a reduction in bacterial number and/or lung pathology in animals challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccination prevented an increase in C-reactive protein serum levels, general activation of CD4 and CD8 subsets and boosted development of humoral and cellular immune responses to a spectrum of mycobacterial antigens on exposure to M. tuberculosis infection. We show, in two independent experiments, that vaccination of primates with Ag85B-ESAT-6 induces protective immune responses, suggesting that Ag85B-ESAT-6 is a strong candidate for further clinical evaluation. As far as we are aware this is the first report of protection in primates with a subunit vaccine.
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Abstract
In the present study, the feasibility of applying high-resolution microtomography (micro-CT) for the detection of lung tumors was investigated in live mice at an early and more advanced stage of tumor development. The chest area of anesthesized mice was scanned by X-ray micro-CT. In mice with a minor and heavy tumor load, micro-CT proved to be a fast and noninvasive imaging device for the detection of lung tumors. After validation of the CT data by histologic sectioning, it was shown that the majority of tumors could be distinguished in the reconstructed virtual slices obtained by micro-CT. The data from micro-CT were also confirmed by visual inspection of the inflated and excised lungs postmortem. In vivo micro-CT opens broad perspectives for imaging tumor development and its progression in a noninvasive way. Micro-CT also allows for longitudinal evaluation of the treatment of lung cancer by drugs.
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Thrombophilia and pregnancy failure: feto-maternal interactions in the vascular bed of the placenta. Thromb Res 2005; 115 Suppl 1:92-4. [PMID: 15790167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Biliary infarction mimicking liver metastasis. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2004; 25:292-295. [PMID: 15300504 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A 38-year-old man with a history of chronic alcohol abuse had suffered from numerous acute episodes of chronic pancreatitis in the last 7 years. Those episodes were complicated by the formation of a pseudocyst in the pancreatic head. He presented himself with vomiting and abdominal pain as well as diarrhoea for 10 days. In the ultrasound examination of the liver numerous circumscribed hypoechoic formations in both lobes of the liver were found. A subsequent computerised tomography scan confirmed multiple hypodense liver lesions. Because of suspected metastasis or abscesses in the liver, sonographically guided fine needle biopsies of these liver structures were carried out. The histological examination of the liver specimens showed bile infarcts and proliferated bile ducts; there were no signs of a malignant or infectious process. The bacteriological cultures of the biopsy specimens were negative.
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