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Lehane DB, McKie N, Russell RG, Henderson IW. Cloning of a fragment of the osteonectin gene from goldfish, Carassius auratus: its expression and potential regulation by estrogen. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999; 114:80-7. [PMID: 10094861 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1998.7237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During reproduction, female teleost fish display increased plasma estrogen and greatly increased total plasma calcium concentrations; the main source of this calcium seems to be the scale. Osteonectin, a collagen-binding glycoprotein, is a major noncollagenous constituent of mammalian bone and is a product mainly of the osteoblasts. RT-PCT has been applied to clone and sequence part of the osteonectin gene from the goldfish, Carassius auratus. The use of a goldfish scale cell line (GFS) and a specific probe to goldfish osteonectin mRNA has allowed the study of the potential effects of estrogen and other calcitropic hormones on the cells derived from the scales. Osteonectin mRNA was detected in teleost bone, scale, and GFS cells by Northern blot analysis, hybridising to a transcript of approximately 1.6 kb. Expression of osteonectin mRNA was markedly down-regulated by 17beta-estradiol (10(-8) to 10(-11) M) in a dose-dependent fashion but was unaffected by calcitriol, TGFbeta, IL-1beta, calcitonin, and PTHrP. Down-regulation of osteonectin by estrogen is further evidence that estrogen participates in calcium homeostasis during vitellogenesis, acting directly on the cells responsible for matrix and mineral fluxes in scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lehane
- Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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2
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Armour KJ, Lehane DB, Pakdel F, Valotaire Y, Graham R, Russell RG, Henderson IW. Estrogen receptor mRNA in mineralized tissues of rainbow trout: calcium mobilization by estrogen. FEBS Lett 1997; 411:145-8. [PMID: 9247160 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RT-PCR was undertaken on total RNA extracts from bone and scales of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The rainbow trout estrogen receptor (ER)-specific primers used amplified a single product of expected size from each tissue which, using Southern blotting, strongly hybridized with a 32P-labelled rtER probe under stringent conditions. These data provide the first in vivo evidence of ER mRNA in bone and scale tissues of rainbow trout and suggest that the effects of estrogen observed in this study (increased bone mineral and decreased scale mineral contents, respectively) may be mediated directly through ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Armour
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK.
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3
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Abstract
Laminitis, a microvascular disease of the equine hoof leads to severe lameness. Exogenous iv 1-arginine and transdermal nitric oxide donors, such as GTN, applied to the pasterns improve lameness during acute laminitis. Near Infrared spectroscopy in an earlier study showed haemostasis and ischaemia in the hoof during acute laminitis, both were alleviated by 1-arginine. Quantitative NIRS in the present study shows that transdermal GTN increases blood flow in the equine hoof. It is concluded that glyceryl trinitrate enhances nitric oxide mediated perfusion within the equine hoof in normal and chronically laminitic horses and ponies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hinckley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield
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4
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Aptel HB, Wannop DW, al-Busada K, Henderson IW. Clearance receptors for atrial natriuretic petide in Milan hypertensive and normotensive rats. J Hypertens 1996; 14:461-8. [PMID: 8761895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal responses of anaesthetized Milan hypertensive (MHS) and Milan normotensive (MNS) rats to des-[Glu18-Ser19-Gly20-Leu21-Gly22]r atrial natriuretic peptide-4-23 (cANP4-23) a specific ligand for atrial natriuretic petide (ANP) clearance receptors were examined. METHODS The peptide was administered intravenously as an initial bolus injection (10 micrograms/kg body weight) followed by constant infusion (1 microgram/min per kg body weight) for 30 min. Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, sodium excretion and mean blood pressures were measured. Using the same protocol, plasma ANP levels were determined. RESULTS Plasma ANP levels were significantly increased in both Milan strains (from 9.5 +/- 1.8 to 23.7 +/- 3.2 fmol/ml in MHS rats and from 9.8 +/- 1.2 to 15.9 +/- 1 fmol/ml in MNS rats). This increase was significantly greater in the MHS than in the MNS rats. The cANP4-23 infusions were diuretic and natriuretic in both strains of rats but despite a greater rise in plasma ANP level, the renal response was attenuated in the MHS compared with that in the MNS rats. Furthermore, the time course differed in that the hypertensive rats had a diuresis of slower onset. During cANP4-23 infusion, the mean blood pressure decrease was greater in the MHS rats, consistent with the fact that phenylephrine-precontracted isolated MHS rat aortae were threefold more sensitive to ANP-induced relaxation than were MNS rat aortae. Displacements of [125l]-rANP by rANP and cANP4-23 in isolated renal glomeruli indicated that MHS rats have similar amounts of cANP receptors but with a higher affinity for cANP than have MNS rats. CONCLUSION cANP4-23 infusion increased plasma ANP more in MHS than in MNS rats. Renal responses were attenuated in the MHS rat compared with those in MNS rats. These differential actions cannot be explained in terms of glomerular ANP receptor densities, although aortic ring sensitivities differ between the two strains of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Aptel
- Sheffield University, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Western Bank, UK
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5
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Abstract
The potential for participation of the arginine-nitric oxide system in the aetiology of acute equine laminitis has been assessed. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the action of NO synthase (NOS) on its substrate l-arginine, relaxes vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation. An attenuated normal vasodilatory tone may characterise the pathogenesis of acute equine laminitis. An intravenous infusion of 10% l-arginine in 0.9% saline caused vasodilatation in the hoof of a normal pony and immediate reperfusion of laminal tissues in an acutely laminitic pony, detected noninvasively by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), but the amino acid had little effect on systemic blood pressure. Treatment of acute laminitis with glyceryl trinitrate applied topically to the pasterns reduced the typical 'bounding pulses' in treated limbs, reduced lameness and lowered systemic blood pressure. Nitric oxide is likely to participate in the multifactorial pathogenesis of equine laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hinckley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
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6
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Abstract
The present study applies near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to the haemodynamics of the pedal circulation in normal and laminitic horses. NIRS is a noninvasive technique which uses changes in light absorption at 4 wavelengths to provide information on the changes in cytochrome aa3 (cyt aa3) reduction-oxidation (redox) status, and changes in the tissue concentration of oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) and therefore total haemoglobin (tHb). Other studies have shown NIRS to be sensitive to changes in tissue oxygenation and perfusion in human cerebral and limb circulation. In this study, the NIRS sensor was applied to the dorsal surface of horses' hooves. Normal and laminitic animals (acute and chronic) were subjected to manoeuvres (cuff tourniquet; digital vessel occlusion at the palmar surface of the pastern; lifting of contralateral limb) predicted to change pedal haemodynamics. The procedures produced changes in pedal haemodynamics and oxygenation, which were similar to those observed in the ischaemic/reperfused human forearm. Laminitic differed from normal horses: return of HHb to baseline was slower and the change in cyt aa3 more rapid than normal in cases of chronic laminitis, taken to indicate reduced O2 stores as a result of compromised basal perfusion. In acute laminitis, baseline values did not fluctuate following any of the manoeuvres, suggesting haemostasis in the diseased hoof. NIRS is a useful noninvasive method to assess pedal vascular function in normal and laminitic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hinckley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Hubbard
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, UK
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8
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Mahon JM, Carr RD, Nicol AK, Henderson IW. Angiotensin(1-7) is an antagonist at the type 1 angiotensin II receptor. J Hypertens 1994; 12:1377-81. [PMID: 7706697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the antagonism of the amino-terminal heptapeptide fragment of angiotensin II ([des-Phe8]-angiotensin II; Ang(1-7)) to angiotensin II (Ang II) both in vitro in rabbit aortae and in vivo in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS In rabbit isolated endothelium intact aortic rings Ang(1-7) caused a concentration-related rightward displacement of the Ang II curve and depressed the maximum response to Ang II. By applying the data to a Schild plot an apparent pA2 of 5.5 was calculated. This depression of maximum response could be reversed by co-incubation of Ang(1-7) with the competitive angiotensin antagonist losartan. Ang(1-7) had no effect on the contractile responses of several other agonists. Intravenous infusion of 10 or 100 micrograms/kg per min Ang(1-7) had no effect on the resting blood pressure in the anaesthetized rat but inhibited Ang II-induced pressor responses. CONCLUSION The present results show that Ang(1-7) is a specific non-competitive antagonist of Ang II at type 1 angiotensin II receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mahon
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Sheffield, UK
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9
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Abstract
The interactions of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide with its receptors were investigated with the vascular smooth muscle cells from the A7r5 cell line. Displacement experiments of [125I]rat-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by rat-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide revealed a single class of receptors with a Kd = 0.21 +/- 0.08 nM and a Bmax = of 35 +/- 16 fmol/mg of protein. Furthermore, the complex [125I]r-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide was internalised by a heatsensitive process. Finally, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide increased cyclic Guanosyl 3',5' Mono Phosphate in a time dependent and dose dependent way, a concentration of 0.1 microM increasing cyclic Guanosyl 3',5' Mono Phosphate level by a factor of 8.3 times when compared to basal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Aptel
- Sheffield University, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Western Bank, England
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10
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Aptel HB, Deacon CF, Henderson IW. Atrial natriuretic peptide in the Milan hypertensive rat and the Milan normotensive rat: plasma concentration and binding to renal glomeruli in young, adult and aged rats. J Hypertens 1994; 12:1209-15. [PMID: 7868867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
METHODS Blood pressures were determined in Milan hypertensive (MHS) and Milan normotensive (MNS) rats at different ages. Mean blood pressure, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration and renal glomerular receptors numbers and affinities were determined in young (25-day-old), adult (60- to 80-day-old) and aged (300-day-old) rats. RESULTS Mean blood pressures, always higher in the MHS than in the MNS rats, increased with age in both strains. Plasma ANP concentrations were similar in the young and aged rats of both strains, but were higher in the adult MHS than in the adult MNS rats. There were no quantitative differences in the ANP receptors between young and old rats of the two strains, but an increase in the maximal binding capacity was observed, in both strains, when adult rats were compared with young rats. Moreover, saturation experiments with [125I]-rat ANP revealed a downregulation of the ANP receptors in the renal glomeruli isolated from the adult MHS rats. In isolated glomeruli the cyclic GMP stimulation by ANP was similar in adult rats of both strains. CONCLUSION Downregulation in glomeruli of MHS rats, probably involving the clearance receptors for ANP, is concluded to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Aptel
- Sheffield University, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, UK
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11
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Fraser R, Ancil AK, Brown WB, Ingram MC, Holloway CD, Henderson IW, Kenyon CJ. Evidence of abnormalities in corticosteroid secretion leading to volume-dependent hypertension in Milan rats. Hypertension 1994; 24:512-5. [PMID: 8088920 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.24.4.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined corticosteroid secretory patterns and their relation to altered salt and water metabolism in Milan hypertensive and normotensive rats. Hypertensive rats had significantly higher blood pressures, exchangeable sodium (hypertensive, 41.2 +/- 0.3 mmol.kg-1; normotensive, 38.4 +/- 0.03 mmol.kg-1, P < .001), plasma volume (hypertensive, 5.39 +/- 0.12 mL.100 g-1; normotensive, 4.84 +/- 0.10 mL.100 g-1, P < .001), and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (hypertensive, 38.8 +/- 4.0 pg.mL-1, normotensive, 22.4 +/- 3.1 pg.mL-1, P < .02). These features coincide with those of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Adrenal venous secretory rates (picomoles per minute) of corticosterone (hypertensive, 1696 +/- 202; normotensive, 873 +/- 139), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (hypertensive, 49.7 +/- 8.3; normotensive, 25.7 +/- 3.3), and aldosterone (hypertensive, 1.16 +/- 0.17; normotensive, 0.52 +/- 0.08) were higher in the hypertensive than the normotensive strain, but that of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) (hypertensive, 94.4 +/- 14.9; normotensive, 114.3 +/- 33.9) was similar in the two strains. The corticosterone-DOC, 18-hydroxycorticosterone-DOC, and aldosterone-DOC ratios were higher in the hypertensive than the normotensive strain (P < .02), but the 18-hydroxycorticosterone-corticosterone and aldosterone-18-hydroxycorticosterone ratios were not. These results indicate increased activity of the "late" aldosterone biosynthetic pathway in the hypertensive compared with the normotensive strain caused by an increased conversion rate of DOC to corticosterone. The comparison of corticosterone secretion between the two strains indicates that 11 beta-hydroxylase rather than aldosterone synthase activity is more active in the hypertensive than the normotensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fraser
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
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12
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Broadhead CL, O'Sullivan UT, Deacon CF, Henderson IW. Atrial natriuretic peptide in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L.: its cardiac distribution, receptors and actions on isolated branchial cells. J Mol Endocrinol 1992; 9:103-14. [PMID: 1329803 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the nature of its binding sites were studied in fresh-water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-adapted eels using a heterologous analogue, that of the rat (rANP). Rat ANP-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the cardiac atria and ventricles of both FW and SW eels, and electron-dense ANP-like granules were observed. The atria and ventricles of FW eels contained significantly more granules than those of SW animals and, in both types, the atria were more granular than the ventricles. Specific binding sites for rANP were demonstrated by displacement and uptake experiments using labelled rANP in dispersed eel branchial cell preparations, enriched in chloride cells. The concentration of rANP required to produce a 50% inhibition of binding in FW cells was significantly lower than that in SW cells. Scatchard analyses revealed the presence of two classes of binding site in SW eel branchial cells but only a single class of receptor in FW cells. The affinity of the FW receptor was not significantly different from that of the SW high affinity site. Rat ANP stimulated the production of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in a dose-dependent manner, and both basal and stimulated levels of cGMP were significantly greater in SW branchial cells. These studies suggest that ANP is involved in the adaptation of the euryhaline eel to differing environmental salinities; the levels of the peptide in the heart alter with changing salinity, and the nature of the receptors in the sodium chloride-transporting epithelium of the gill changes in response to the need either to eliminate or to absorb sodium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Broadhead
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, U.K
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13
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Abstract
Renin-like activity (RLA) and angiotensin I converting enzyme-like activity (ACELA), the two key enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), were sought in the elasmobranch Scyliorhinus canicula. Renal extracts were desalted in a G-25 and eluted in a G-100 Sephadex column (calibration 15,000-70,000). The fractions were concentrated in a vacuum device. A 48,000-MW fraction incubated with synthetic and porcine angiotensiongen generated angiotensin I estimated by RIA. This same fraction was vasopressor in rats and dogfish. ACELA was sought in gill, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, intestine, kidney, gonads, brain, skin, and muscle of dogfish using a spectrophotometric assay. The highest level of ACELA was found in the gills followed by spleen, kidney, and brain (33.79 +/- 2.3, 29.56 +/- 1.0, 14.62 +/- 1.0, and 13.80 +/- 2.3 nmol hippurate/min/mg protein, respectively). Intestine, gonads, skin and muscle contained no measurable amounts of ACELA. Captopril inhibited enzymatic activity from all ACELA containing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uva
- Institute of Comparative Anatomy, University of Genova, Italy
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14
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Grundy D, Reid K, McArdle FJ, Brown BH, Barber DC, Deacon CF, Henderson IW. Trans-thoracic fluid shifts and endocrine responses to 6 degrees head-down tilt. Aviat Space Environ Med 1991; 62:923-9. [PMID: 1837213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A tomographic method of measuring electrical impedance known as Applied Potential Tomography (APT) has been used to image the impedance changes within the thoraxes of 8 healthy volunteers (4 male, 4 female) during 4-h periods of 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT). A large decrease in impedance, reflecting an increase in thoracic fluid, was apparent within 1 min of tilting, peaked after 45 min, and was maintained throughout, although during the 4 h there was an 8% return towards baseline resistivity. Resistivity changes were most obvious in the region of the lungs. Simultaneous measurements of the key fluid regulating hormones revealed a significant increase in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and a significant decrease in angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone. There was no significant difference in plasma antidiuretic hormone level. These results illustrate the dynamic nature of fluid shifts during HDT, the spatial distribution of the fluid within the thorax and the associated endocrine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grundy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, England
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15
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Abstract
Blood pressure and selected putatively influential hormones were measured in Brattleboro rats which were without diabetes insipidus and which were subjected to various manipulations in dietary sodium intake. Rats fed a control diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age showed a slow increase in blood pressure whereas rats fed a sodium-enriched diet for the same period exhibited sustained hypertension (115 +/- 3 versus 169 +/- 5 (S.E.M.) mmHg). In animals fed a sodium-enriched diet plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were significantly increased from 55 +/- 8 to 108 +/- 5 fmol/l. Rats fed the control diet from weaning (group A) and subsequently maintained on that diet or changed to a sodium-enriched diet or sodium-deficient diet showed no differences in their blood pressure. Plasma hormone concentrations were similar in these groups, with the exception of aldosterone suppression in rats switched from control to a sodium-enriched diet (0.26 +/- 0.04 versus 0.08 +/- 0.03 nmol/l; P less than 0.001). Animals fed the sodium-enriched diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age (group b) and either maintained on that diet or changed to a control diet showed little change in their established hypertension. Transfer to the control diet was associated with increased plasma renin concentrations (PRC) (13.8 +/- 2.1 to 122.6 +/- 6.2 nmol/l) and plasma aldosterone concentrations (0.04 +/- 0.01 to 0.08 +/- 0.01 nmol/l; P less than 0.001) but corticosteroids and ADH concentrations were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hazon
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield
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16
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Samani NJ, Vincent M, Sassard J, Henderson IW, Kaiser MA, Brammar WJ, Swales JD. Analysis of the renin gene intron A tandem repeat region of Milan and Lyon hypertensive rat strains. J Hypertens 1990; 8:805-9. [PMID: 2172369 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199009000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The region of intron A of the rat renin gene containing a unique tandemly repeated sequence was analysed in the Milan and Lyon hypertensive rat strains and their controls, and in several Sprague-Dawley rats, using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the tandemly repeated sequence and a renin complementary DNA probe. In the Milan rats, the size of the Bgl II DNA fragment encompassing the tandem repeat region was the same in the hypertensive (MHS) and normotensive (MNS) strains. In the Lyon model, a difference of 1.1 kilobase (equivalent to about 28 copies of the 38 basepair tandem repeat sequence) was observed in the size of the Bgl II fragment of the hypertensive (LH) and normotensive (LN) strains. However, the finding that the size of the fragment in the Lyon low-blood-pressure (LL) strain was the same as that in the LH strain rather than the LN strain suggests that the difference between the two latter strains is not by itself a major cause of the blood pressure difference between them in the intron A tandem region. An analysis of Sprague-Dawley rats, from which the Lyon strains are derived, showed that at least three different renin gene alleles, two with Bgl II fragments of the same size as those seen in the Lyon strains, are randomly segregating in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Samani
- Department of Medicine, University of Leicester, UK
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17
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O'Toole LB, Armour KJ, Decourt C, Hazon N, Lahlou B, Henderson IW. Secretory patterns of 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone in the isolated perifused interrenal gland of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. J Mol Endocrinol 1990; 5:55-60. [PMID: 2168710 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An isolated in-vitro perifused interrenal gland preparation from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula was used to study production of quantitatively the major corticosteroid 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone (1 alpha-OH-B), measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal secretory rates were 877.1 +/- 145 (S.E.M.) fmol/mg per 15 min (n = 14) and the preparation remained viable for up to 22 h, as reflected in a brisk response to 10 microM cyclic AMP (cAMP) after this time. Steroid production responded in a dose-dependent manner to porcine ACTH, with 10 microM producing a maximum stimulation of 225% above the basal secretory rate. cAMP (10 microM) produced an increase of 278% above basal, while 1 microM forskolin increased basal secretory rates by 127%. [Val5]- and [Ile5]-angiotensin II (0.1 microM) increased 1 alpha-OH-B production by 120 and 372% respectively over basal secretory rates. Increasing the concentration of K+ in the perfusate from 8 mM to 12, 18, 28 and 40 mM produced a significant rise only at 28 mM. Alterations in the concentration of Na+ and osmolarity of the perifusion medium had inconsistent effects on steroid production. Increased concentrations of urea (from 360 to 720 mM) increased the basal secretory rate by 121%, whilst reducing the concentration of urea (from 360 to 90 mM) had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B O'Toole
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank
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18
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Henderson IW. Water and salt disturbances under condition of microgravity. J Br Interplanet Soc 1989; 42:363-6. [PMID: 11540229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of microgravity severe alterations in body fluid composition and volume take place largely as a result of "cardiothoracic pooling" or headward shift of blood. Inappropriate endocrine, renal and cardiovascular responses result from the "misreading" of homeostatic signals by physiological receptors to produce an as yet incompletely defined syndrome under microgravitational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Henderson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield
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19
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Conlon JM, Deacon CF, Hazon N, Henderson IW, Thim L. Somatostatin-related and glucagon-related peptides with unusual structural features from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1988; 72:181-9. [PMID: 2904391 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptides derived from prosomatostatins I and II and from two distinct proglucagons have been isolated from the pancreas of a teleost fish, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The product of prosomatostatin I processing, somatostatin-14, is identical to mammalian somatostatin-14. A 25-amino-acid-residue peptide (Ser-Val-Asp-Asn-Gln5-Gln-Gly-Arg-Glu-Arg10-Lys-Ala-Gly-Cys- Lys15-Asn-Phe-Tyr- Trp-Lys20-Gly-Pro-Thr-Ser-Cys25) is derived from prosomatostatin II. Compared with the corresponding peptides from other teleost fish, the eel somatostatin-25 contains the unusual substitution Pro for Phe at position 22. This peptide was also isolated in a form containing a hydroxylsyl residue at position 20. A 29-amino-acid-residue eel glucagon contains four substitutions relative to human glucagon Asn for Ser8, Glu for Asp15, Thr for Ser16, and Ser for Thr29). In common with mammalian and avian glucagons but unlike most other fish glucagons, the eel peptide possesses a glutamine residue at position 3. A peptide derived from a second proglucagon comprises 36 amino acid residues. A 7-residue C-terminal extension to the glucagon sequence shows structural similarity to the corresponding extension in ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) glucagon and mammalian oxyntomodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Conlon
- Clinical Research Group for Gastrointestinal Endocrinology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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20
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Abstract
Binding of 125I-labelled arginine vasotocin (AVT) was studied in isolated intact gill cells obtained from eels (Anguilla anguilla) adapted to fresh water (FW) or to sea water (SW). Experiments carried out at 20 degrees C showed maximum and stable binding beyond 10 min of incubation. Specific binding, determined by using labelled peptide in the presence or absence of an excess of unlabelled hormone, represented 30-50% of total and was reversible, with a half-time of less than 5 min. Scatchard plot analysis revealed the presence of a single population of saturable, high-affinity sites. Maximum binding capacity (Bmax: fmol AVT/10(6) cells) and dissociation constant (Kd: nM) were respectively 5.16 and 3.21 in FW and 24.25 and 1.05 in SW. Analysis of chloride cell number and size in gills and of binding characteristics of AVT revealed parallel changes with external salinity. These results are taken as evidence for the direct intervention of neurohypophysial peptides on the gill epithelium of teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Guibbolini
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Comparée, Université de Nice, Parc Valrose, France
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21
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Hazon N, Parker C, Leonard R, Henderson IW. Influence of an enriched dietary sodium chloride regime during gestation and suckling and post-natally on the ontogeny of hypertension in the rat. J Hypertens 1988; 6:517-24. [PMID: 3171168 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-198807000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Brattleboro rats without diabetes insipidus were subjected to sodium chloride enrichment (20-fold increase in dietary salt) at various stages of their development. Salt supplementation in the adult rat produced higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), particularly in males (142 +/- 3 versus 110 +/- 3 mmHg in control. The blood pressures of females on salt-supplemented diets during pregnancy decreased from 136 +/- 1 to 121 +/- 2 mmHg, although throughout this period the blood pressures for these rats were greater than for the control pregnant rats. Pregnant females on salt-supplemented diets also showed higher sodium concentrations in the amniotic fluid compared with controls (155 +/- 3.4 versus 134.1 +/- 6.0 mmol/l). Salt supplemented lactating mothers produced milk with similar sodium concentrations to those of the controls, but the urinary sodium concentrations of pups suckling on the former were greater than in the controls. It is concluded that the suckling pups were also salt-enriched. Rats were submitted to salt-enriched regimes in utero, during suckling, post-weaning and post-pubertally, or permutations thereof. Salt supplementation post-weaning led to consistent elevation in arterial blood pressure with males being more susceptible than females. The degree of elevation was increased if the salt-supplement was present during suckling (132 +/- 1 versus 112 +/- 1 mmHg) and was greatest when the salt-supplemented regime was administered both in utero and during the post-weaning period (154 +/- 2 versus 112 +/- 1 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hazon
- Department of Zoology, University of Sheffield, UK
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22
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Abstract
The concentration of gastrin-releasing peptide in the intestine of the elasmobranchian fish, Scyliorhinus canicula, measured with an antiserum directed against the COOH-terminal region of porcine gastrin-releasing peptide, was higher than the concentrations measured in mammalian intestines. The immunoreactivity was resolved by gel permeation chromatography into two peaks with the approximate elution volumes of porcine gastrin-releasing peptide and bombesin/neuromedin C. The primary structure of the larger peptide was established as Ala Pro Val Glu Asn Gln Gly Ser Phe Pro Lys Met Phe Pro Arg Ser His (Trp) Ala Val Gly (His Leu Met.NH2). Residues in parentheses are only tentatively assigned. Chromatographic evidence and the presence of the arginyl residue at position 15 in the peptide suggest that the smaller molecular form of gastrin-releasing peptide may be identical to mammalian neuromedin C. Amphibian bombesin was not identified in the dogfish gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Conlon
- Clinical Research Group for Gastrointestinal Endocrinology of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Göttingen, Federal Republic Germany
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23
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24
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Abstract
Adult Rana temporaria, acclimated to tap water or hyperosmotic (0.9% NaCl saline) media, were injected with Acetazolamide, Frusemide, or Captopril, or were nephrectomized and injected with captopril. Saline-injected animals served as controls. Total water flux and drinking rates were determined by body weight changes and by the rate of accumulation of an environmental marker (phenol red) in the gut, respectively. Changes in plasma corticosteroids and ion concentrations were also assessed. Acetazolamide and frusemide produced hyponatraemia in tap water-acclimated animals, but induced increased aldosterone levels in frogs in both environments. Captopril reduced body weight and aldosterone levels of tap water frogs, but had no effect on plasma ion composition. Animals treated with captopril on immersion in saline had plasma hypoosmotic to their environment. Saline-acclimated frogs drank less environmental water than did those in tap water. Captopril, acetazolamide, and frusemide all stimulated drinking rates of saline-acclimated frogs; captopril, however, had no effect on the drinking rates of nephrectomized animals, indicating that the dipsogenic actions of this drug are probably reflected by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. In tap water animals, acetazolamide stimulated drinking, while frusemide stimulated integumental water uptake. No correlation was apparent between plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations, or between changes in body weight and drinking rates. This suggests that there are independent mechanisms controlling aldosterone and corticosterone secretion, as well as integumentary and buccal uptake of water in R. temporaria.
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25
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Hayes ME, Guilland-Cumming DF, Russell RG, Henderson IW. Metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in a teleost fish, the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986; 64:143-50. [PMID: 3557076 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) metabolites have been studied in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) adapted to varying environmental calcium concentrations in both fresh water and artificial seawater, and in natural seawater. In vivo, intraarterial injection of tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was followed by its transformation to a number of metabolites including compounds that cochromatographed on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Hypercalcaemia and increased environmental calcium were associated with a greater transformation to the compound cochromatographing with 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol, while hypocalcaemia and reduced environmental calcium concentrations induced more conversion to the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-like compound. In vitro, both metabolites were produced by liver but not by kidney preparations, and the difference in conversion ratios observed in vivo associated with changes in plasma calcium were also seen in vitro. It is concluded that the metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the trout can be influenced by calcium status, but at present the physiological importance of this metabolism and the mechanisms and site(s) of action of the metabolites are unknown.
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26
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Henderson IW. Diamorphine (heroin: diacetylmorphine). J Palliat Care 1986; 1:43-4. [PMID: 3450816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Abstract
The secretory dynamics (plasma concentrations, metabolic clearance rates (MCR), and blood production rates (BPR] of 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone (1 alpha OH-B) were examined in Scyliorhinus canicula under a number of experimental conditions. Both hypophysectomy and injections of dexamethasone significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of 1 alpha OH-B, although significant, measurable amounts remained. In hypophysectomized animals MCR increased and BPR decreased. Intravenous administration of Squalus and mammalian adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) preparations, homologous renal extracts, and mammalian angiotensin II all increased plasma concentrations of 1 alpha OH-B; apart from Squalus ACTH these materials increased BPR of 1 alpha OH-B and both ACTH preparations reduced the MCR. In none of the experimental groups were there major changes in plasma osmolality or in sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, calcium, or urea concentrations. It is concluded that the secretory patterns of 1 alpha OH-B are significantly influenced by renal materials in addition to hypophysial ACTH.
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28
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Kenyon CJ, McKeever A, Oliver JA, Henderson IW. Control of renal and adrenocortical function by the renin-angiotensin system in two euryhaline teleost fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1985; 58:93-100. [PMID: 3886478 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(85)90140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma ions and cortisol levels were measured sequentially during the adaptation of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from fresh water (FW) to sea water (SW). The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of this adaptation was assessed using captopril (SQ14225, an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme). The effects of captopril on renal function in FW- and SW-adapted trout were also examined. During the first 5 hr in sea water, plasma levels of cortisol in eels increased threefold, plasma sodium rose steadily from 137 to 156 mmol/l and plasma potassium fell from 2.1 to 1.6 mmol/l. In contrast, captopril-treated eels when adapted to sea water had plasma cortisol levels twice those of controls. Captopril treatment did not affect the electrolyte responses to seawater adaptation. Captopril injected into eels which were fully adapted to and wholly maintained in sea water had no effect on plasma levels of cortisol, sodium, and potassium. Plasma cortisol was 30% lower in freshwater eels 2 hr after an injection of captopril but plasma sodium and potassium levels were unchanged. In both FW- and SW-adapted trout, captopril infusions doubled the glomerular filtration and urine production rates and the tubular transport maxima for glucose without changes in plasma composition.
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29
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Abstract
Peripheral plasma concentrations, metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and blood production rates (BPR) of 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone (1-OH-B) were determined in female dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) under varying environmental conditions. The constant-infusion technique, using high specific activity tritiated 1-OH-B, was applied to measure the MCR, and BPR were derived from the product of plasma concentration and MCR at equilibrium. Urea plasma clearances and apparent BPR were assessed in a similar manner. Fish were adapted stepwise to 140, 120, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% normal sea water (about 1000 mosmol/l). In all cases 1-OH-B was the major corticosteroid, cortisol and corticosterone were sought but never detected. In environments of reduced osmolarity, plasma osmolarity, sodium, chloride and urea concentrations all declined, alongside increases in plasma concentrations, MCR and BPR of 1-OH-B. In fish held in environments at concentrations greater than normal sea water, plasma osmolarity, sodium, chloride and urea concentrations all increased. Plasma clearance of urea increased in fish held in environments more dilute than sea water, while it decreased in the more hyperosmotic waters. It is tentatively concluded that homeostasis of plasma composition, with particular respect to urea, is in part regulated by 1-OH-B in the dogfish.
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30
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Henderson IW, Rice WB. Accutane. Can Med Assoc J 1983; 129:682. [PMID: 6225503 PMCID: PMC1875433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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McKeever A, Oliver JA, Henderson IW, Mosley W. Influence of captopril on fluid and electrolyte balances and adrenocortical responses during sodium deprivation in the rat. J Endocrinol 1983; 98:211-20. [PMID: 6348199 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0980211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) was given by gastric lavage at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight per day to Long-Evans rats for a 13-day period during which they received a sodium-deficient diet. This regime was preceded by a 3-day period during which measurements were made on the animals on a sodium-replete dietary intake. Control sodium-deprived rats showed increased plasma renin activities, increased peripheral aldosterone concentrations and reduced urinary sodium excretion; they maintained positive sodium balance and the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex hypertrophied. Captopril-treated sodium-deprived rats failed to reduce urinary sodium excretion sufficiently and entered a period of marked and sustained negative sodium balance. Peripheral aldosterone concentrations after 12 days of sodium deprivation in the presence of captopril treatment were similar to those of sodium-replete rats. The adrenocortical zona glomerulosa of the captopril-treated rats did not increase in size and regressive changes were noted.
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32
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Henderson IW. Chemical dependence in Canada: a view from the hill. NIDA Res Monogr 1983; 43:10-20. [PMID: 6410245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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34
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35
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36
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Henderson IW. Warning against products containing bismuth subsalicylate. Can Med Assoc J 1980; 123:848. [PMID: 7437988 PMCID: PMC1704921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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37
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Brown JA, Oliver JA, Henderson IW, Jackson BA. Angiotensin and single nephron glomerular function in the trout Salmo gairdneri. Am J Physiol 1980; 239:R509-14. [PMID: 7001929 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1980.239.5.r509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (UV), renal tubular transport maximum for glucose (TMG), and single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), determined in anesthetized norepinephrine-infused trout (Salmo gairdneri), were 18.51 +/- 5.78 microliter x min-1 x kg body wt-1, 5.31 +/- 1.38 microliter x min-1 x kg body wt-1, 105.21 +/- 46.84 microgram x min-1 x kg body wt-1, and 3.74 +/- 1.12 nl/min, respectively, when in seawater (SW) and 140.39 +/- 17.24, 76.38 +/- 10.41, 626.16 +/- 77.46, and 1.31 +/- 0.20 in freshwater (FW). Angiotensin II infusions, to reduce UV, GFR, and TMG by 50%, had no effect on the average SNGFR of FW trout, but reduced that of SW fish to 1.42 +/- 0.19 nl/min. Infusions of 20% ferrocyanide, visualized as Prussian blue (PB), identified three glomerular populations: filtering (F) with PB in glomerular vessels and tubular lumen; nonfiltering (NF)--PB in glomerular vessels only; nonperfused (NP)--no PB associated with the nephron. SW and FW kidneys contained about 40% NF tubules. In FW, 45% were F tubules compared with 5% in SW, whereas NP tubules comprised 51% of SW tubules and 13% of FW. During angiotensin II infusions the distributions were 9% and 46% NF in FW and 6% F and 12% NF in SW trout.
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38
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Henderson IW. Use? or abuse? Can Nurse 1980; 76:19. [PMID: 6903460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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39
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Henderson IW. Perianal excoriation associated with detergent products. Can Med Assoc J 1980; 122:1358-9. [PMID: 7260741 PMCID: PMC1801914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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40
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Abstract
Angiotensin II is dipsogenic, and vasopressin (ADH) regulates renal water excretion. Together, these hormones govern overall mammalian water balance. The Brattleboro rat with inherited diabetes insipidus (DI) lacks ADH and is therefore a convenient model with which to elucidate mechanisms regulating water metabolism. In the present studies, angiotensin II has also been removed from DI rats by the administration of an inhibitor (captopril, SQ 14225; D-2-methyl-3-mercaptopropanoyl-L-proline) of the enzyme which converts angiotensin I, the relatively inert component of the renin-angiotensin system, to angiotensin II, the biologically active substance. SQ 14225 reduced the drinking rates, and after 6 days lowered peripheral plasma aldosterone concentrations were associated with hyperkalaemia. We conclude that the polydipsia of diabetes insipidus partly results from elevated plasma renin activities and angiotensin II concentrations seen in this syndrome. Further, the apparent hypoaldosteronism of DI Brattleboro rats reflects differences in both tissue usage of the steroid and adrenocortical sensitivities associated with polyuria, hyperosmolarity and possibly potassium wasting.
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41
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Brown JA, Jackson BA, Oliver JA, Henderson IW. Single nephron filtration rates (SNGFR) in the trout, Salmo gairdneri. Validation of the use of ferrocyanide and the effects on environmental salinity. Pflugers Arch 1978; 377:101-8. [PMID: 569276 DOI: 10.1007/bf00584381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Abstract
1. The influence of gonadal and pituitary factors on the plasma renin response to exogenous vasopressin was examined in anaesthetized rats.
2. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in Brattleboro rats (with and without hypothalamic diabetes insipidus) and Long-Evans male and female rats, before and after single intravenous injection of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or saline.
3. Control saline injections did not change PRA. ADH reduced PRA in male, but increased PRA in female rats. Rats with diabetes insipidus displayed the greatest changes and were used in subsequent experiments. Extrarenal renin activity (nephrectomized rats) gave qualitatively similar responses to ADH. Plasma renin concentration, which was also measured with PRA in intact and nephrectomized male and female rats with diabetes insipidus, increased in the females and decreased in the males after ADH.
4. Castration, 24 h before study, abolished the ADH-induced fall in PRA, and testosterone implanted before castration did not restore the response. Cyproterone acetate reversed the ADH effect in males, so that PRA then rose after ADH. Hypophysectomized male rats, with depressed basal plasma renin activities, also showed a reduced PRA after ADH.
5. Ovariectomy had little effect on the ADH-induced renin release and the response was similar at oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus. In hypophysectomized female rats ADH reduced PRA; a male pattern of response was seen in hypophysectomized female rats.
6. In both sexes PRA responses to ADH were blunted but not abolished by β-adrenergic blockade (propranolol). α-Adrenergic blockade (phenoxybenzamine) had little influence on the male response but in females the typical increase disappeared so that ADH reduced PRA.
7. It is concluded that pituitary hormones, including gonadotrophins and gonadal factors as well as adrenal sex steroids, appear to affect significantly the interplay between antidiuretic hormone and the renin—angiotensin system.
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43
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Clark AR, Henderson IW, Balment RJ, Mosley W. Patterns of adrenal blood flow in the rat [proceedings]. J Endocrinol 1978; 77:6P-7P. [PMID: 207809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Kenyon CJ, Hargreaves G, Henderson IW. Adrenocortical function in rats with inherited hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain). J Steroid Biochem 1978; 9:345-8. [PMID: 207930 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(78)90628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Kenyon CJ, Mosley W, Hargreaves G, Balment RJ, Henderson IW. The effects of dietary sodium restriction and potassium supplementation and hypophysectomy on adrenocortical function in the rat. J Steroid Biochem 1978; 9:337-44. [PMID: 207929 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(78)90627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Abstract
In a double-blind, crossover study involving 40 post-cholecystectomy patients, the analgesic activity of a new oral nonnarcotic agent, floctafenine, was compared with that of oral meperidine and oral propoxyphene. A behavioral approach to the measurement of pain relief, i.e., the measurement of pain on movement or coughing, was used in addition to the accepted subjective method. Floctafenine 200 mg was found to have analgesic activity intermediate between that of meperidine 75 mg and propoxyphene 65 mg. Patients reported the fewest side effects after floctafenine. Initial pain level was found to affect the final pain score. Effects on pain relief due to age, sex, time of the day, and carryover effects were also examined and not found to be significant.
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47
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Jackson BA, Brown JA, Oliver JA, Henderson IW. Actions of angiotensin on single nephron filtration rates of trout, Salmo gairdneri, adapted to fresh- and sea-water environments [proceedings]. J Endocrinol 1977; 75:32P-33P. [PMID: 591835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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48
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Balment RJ, Henderson IW, Jones IC, Mosley W. Water and electrolyte balance in adrenalectomized rats with diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) given antidiuretic hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1977; 33:428-33. [PMID: 924133 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(77)90059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Henderson IW. Congenital deformities associated with Bendectin. Can Med Assoc J 1977; 117:721-722. [PMID: 20312913 PMCID: PMC1880043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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50
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Balment RJ, Jones IC, Henderson IW. Time course of lithium-induced alterations in renal and endocrine function in normal and Brattleboro rats with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 59:627-34. [PMID: 858009 PMCID: PMC1667766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1. A lithium chloride (1.1 g/kg) supplemented diet was given to Long Evans (LE) and Brattleboro (DI) rats to investigate its actions in the presence (LE) and absence (DI) of vasopressin. 2. During the first 24 h, Li-supplemented LE rats displayed an initial water deficit (drinking less than renal output), increased plasma antidiuretic (ADH) titres and slightly increased plasma renin activities (PRA) and plasma osmolarities. Such changes were qualitatively similar to those seen in rats fed a normal diet, but deprived of water for 24 hours. After 12 days, the Li-supplemented rats had elevated plasma ADH titres, but reduced pituitary oxytocic and antidiuretic activities. 3. The urinary losses of Na, K and Cl exceeded dietary intakes in LE rats on the introduction of the Li-supplement, and the urinary osmolarity fell by 50%. Electrolyte balances were gradually re-established, although drinking and urine production increased in parallel to reach twice the control values by day 12 of the supplement. 4. Aldosterone and corticosterone secretory rates and their peripheral plasma concentrations were unchanged both after 24 h and 28 days of the Li-supplement. 5. Li elicited no water deficit or saluresis in DI rats, and although the polyuria and polydipsia were exacerbated, urinary osmolarity did not change over the 12 day observation period. 6. Li increased Ca excretion in both rat types; after 12 days the PRA of DI but not LE animals were increased. 7. It is concluded that the overall renal actions of Li are tempered by vasopressin rather than adrenocorticosteroids.
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