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Farag MA, Baky MH, Morgan I, Khalifa MR, Rennert R, Mohamed OG, El-Sayed MM, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA, Ramadan NS. Comparison of Balanites aegyptiaca parts: metabolome providing insights into plant health benefits and valorization purposes as analyzed using multiplex GC-MS, LC-MS, NMR-based metabolomics, and molecular networking. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21471-21493. [PMID: 37485437 PMCID: PMC10359763 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Zygophyllaceae), also known as the desert date, is an edible fruit-producing tree popular for its nutritional and several health benefits. In this study, multi-targeted comparative metabolic profiling and fingerprinting approaches were conducted for the assessment of the nutrient primary and secondary metabolite heterogeneity in different parts, such as leaves, stems, seeds, unripe, and ripe fruits of B. aegyptiaca using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS), and gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics coupled to multivariate analyses and in relation to its cytotoxic activities. NMR-based metabolomic study identified and quantified 15 major primary and secondary metabolites belonging to alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, sugars, and amino and fatty acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the NMR dataset revealed α-glucose, sucrose, and isorhamnetin as markers for fruit and stem and unsaturated fatty acids for predominated seeds. Orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed trigonelline as a major distinctive metabolite in the immature fruit and isorhamnetin as a major distinct marker in the mature fruit. UPLC-MS/MS analysis using feature-based molecular networks revealed diverse chemical classes viz. steroidal saponins, N-containing metabolites, phenolics, fatty acids, and lipids as the constitutive metabolome in Balanites. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) profiling of primary metabolites led to the detection of 135 peaks belonging to sugars, fatty acids/esters, amino acids, nitrogenous, and organic acids. Monosaccharides were detected at much higher levels in ripe fruit and disaccharides in predominate unripe fruits, whereas B. aegyptiaca vegetative parts (leaves and stem) were rich in amino acids and fatty acids. The antidiabetic compounds, viz, nicotinic acid, and trigonelline, were detected in all parts especially unripe fruit in addition to the sugar alcohol d-pinitol for the first time providing novel evidence for B. aegyptiaca use in diabetes. In vitro cytotoxic activity revealed the potential efficacy of immature fruit and seeds as cytotoxic agents against human prostate cancer (PC3) and human colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cell lines. Collectively, such detailed profiling of parts provides novel evidence for B. aegyptiaca medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt +011-202-2362245
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University Badr City Cairo 11829 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) Weinberg 3 Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Mohamed R Khalifa
- Global Public Health Institute, American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Robert Rennert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) Weinberg 3 Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt +011-202-2362245
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Magdy M El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) Weinberg 3 Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) Weinberg 3 Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Nehal S Ramadan
- Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
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Nagia M, Morgan I, Gamel MA, Farag MA. Maximizing the value of indole-3-carbinol, from its distribution in dietary sources, health effects, metabolism, extraction, and analysis in food and biofluids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37051943 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2197065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a major dietary component produced in Brassica vegetables from glucosinolates (GLS) upon herbivores' attack. The compound is gaining increasing interest due to its anticancer activity. However, reports about improving its level in plants or other sources are still rare. Unfortunately, I3C is unstable in acidic media and tends to polymerize rendering its extraction and detection challenging. This review presents a multifaceted overview of I3C regarding its natural occurrence, biosynthesis, isolation, and extraction procedure from dietary sources, and optimization for the best recovery yield. Further, an overview is presented on its metabolism and biotransformation inside the body to account for its health benefits and factors to ensure the best metabolic yield. Compile of the different analytical approaches for I3C analysis in dietary sources is presented for the first time, together with approaches for its detection and its metabolism in body fluids for proof of efficacy. Lastly, the chemopreventive effects of I3C and the underlying action mechanisms are summarized. Optimizing the yield and methods for the detection of I3C will assist for its incorporation as a nutraceutical or adjuvant in cancer treatment programs. Highlighting the complete biosynthetic pathway and factors involved in I3C production will aid for its future biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nagia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mirette A Gamel
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Predarska I, Saoud M, Morgan I, Lönnecke P, Kaluđerović GN, Hey-Hawkins E. Triphenyltin(IV) Carboxylates with Exceptionally High Cytotoxicity against Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040595. [PMID: 37189343 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotin(IV) carboxylates are a class of compounds explored as alternatives to platinum-containing chemotherapeutics due to propitious in vitro and in vivo results, and distinct mechanisms of action. In this study, triphenyltin(IV) derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin (HIND) and flurbiprofen (HFBP)) are synthesized and characterized, namely [Ph3Sn(IND)] and [Ph3Sn(FBP)]. The crystal structure of [Ph3Sn(IND)] reveals penta-coordination of the central tin atom with almost perfect trigonal bipyramidal geometry with phenyl groups in the equatorial positions and two axially located oxygen atoms belonging to two distinct carboxylato (IND) ligands leading to formation of a coordination polymer with bridging carboxylato ligands. Employing MTT and CV probes, the antiproliferative effects of both organotin(IV) complexes, indomethacin, and flurbiprofen were evaluated on different breast carcinoma cells (BT-474, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7 and HCC1937). [Ph3Sn(IND)] and [Ph3Sn(FBP)], unlike the inactive ligand precursors, were found extremely active towards all examined cell lines, demonstrating IC50 concentrations in the range of 0.076–0.200 µM. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the mode of action showing that neither apoptotic nor autophagic mechanisms were triggered within the first 48 h of treatment. However, both tin(IV) complexes inhibited cell proliferation potentially related to the dramatic reduction in NO production, resulting from downregulation of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme expression.
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Eichhorn T, Kolbe F, Mišić S, Dimić D, Morgan I, Saoud M, Milenković D, Marković Z, Rüffer T, Dimitrić Marković J, Kaluđerović GN. Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure, Theoretical Analysis, Molecular Docking Studies, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Binuclear Ru(II)-1-Naphthylhydrazine Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010689. [PMID: 36614131 PMCID: PMC9821167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(II)-arene complexes have gained significant research interest due to their possible application in cancer therapy. In this contribution two new complexes are described, namely [{RuCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)(μ-1-N,N'-naphthyl)]X (X = Cl, 1; PF6, 2), which were fully characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental microanalysis. Furthermore, the structure of 2 in the solid state was determined by a single crystal X-ray crystallographic study, confirming the composition of the crystals as 2·2MeOH. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed for the investigation of interactions that govern the crystal structure of 2·2MeOH. The structural data for 2 out of 2·2MeOH was used for the theoretical analysis of the cationic part [{RuCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)(μ-1-N,N'-naphthyl)]+ (2a) which is common to both 1 and 2. The density functional theory, at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) basis set for H, C, N, and Cl atoms and LanL2DZ for Ru ions, was used for the optimization of the 2a structure. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses were employed to quantify the intramolecular interactions. The reproduction of experimental IR and NMR spectra proved the applicability of the chosen level of theory. The binding of 1 to bovine serum albumin was examined by spectrofluorimetry and molecular docking, with complementary results obtained. Compound 1 acted as a radical scavenger towards DPPH• and HO• radicals, along with high activity towards cancer prostate and colon cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eichhorn
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Franz Kolbe
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mišić
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mohamad Saoud
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jasmina Dimitrić Marković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (J.D.M.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.D.M.); (G.N.K.)
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Predarska I, Saoud M, Drača D, Morgan I, Komazec T, Eichhorn T, Mihajlović E, Dunđerović D, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E, Kaluđerović GN. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enhance the Anticancer Efficacy of Platinum(IV)-Phenolate Conjugates in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12213767. [PMID: 36364539 PMCID: PMC9659259 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The main reasons for the limited clinical efficacy of the platinum(II)-based agent cisplatin include drug resistance and significant side effects. Due to their better stability, as well as the possibility to introduce biologically active ligands in their axial positions constructing multifunctional prodrugs, creating platinum(IV) complexes is a tempting strategy for addressing these limitations. Another strategy for developing chemotherapeutics with lower toxicity relies on the ability of nanoparticles to accumulate in greater quantities in tumor tissues through passive targeting. To combine the two approaches, three platinum(IV) conjugates based on a cisplatin scaffold containing in the axial positions derivatives of caffeic and ferulic acid were prepared and loaded into SBA-15 to produce the corresponding mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The free platinum(IV) conjugates demonstrated higher or comparable activity with respect to cisplatin against different human breast cancer cell lines, while upon immobilization, superior antiproliferative activity with markedly increased cytotoxicity (more than 1000-fold lower IC50 values) compared to cisplatin was observed. Mechanistic investigations with the most potent conjugate, cisplatin-diacetyl caffeate (1), and the corresponding MSNs (SBA-15|1) in a 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line showed that these compounds induce apoptotic cell death causing strong caspase activation. In vivo, in BALB/c mice, 1 and SBA-15|1 inhibited the tumor growth while decreasing the necrotic area and lowering the mitotic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Predarska
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Saoud
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dijana Drača
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Teodora Komazec
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Eichhorn
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Ekatarina Mihajlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Dunđerović
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.H.-H.); (G.N.K.); Tel.: +49-341-97-36151 (E.H.-H.); +49-3461-46-2012 (G.N.K.)
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: (E.H.-H.); (G.N.K.); Tel.: +49-341-97-36151 (E.H.-H.); +49-3461-46-2012 (G.N.K.)
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Granahan A, McCavana J, Lally A, Morgan I, Fitzgerald S, Moriarty B. A review of the selection process and decontamination methods with the use of face shields in UV phototherapy during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. Skin Health and Disease 2022; 2:e97. [PMID: 35941939 PMCID: PMC9348456 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Targeted ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy has been used in the management of a wide variety of dermatological clinical conditions including moderate to severe psoriasis unresponsive to topical therapies, vitiligo, severe atopic dermatitis and lymphoproliferative disorders. To date there are no uniform, standardised guidelines for the selection and decontamination process for UV personal protective equipment (PPE) and facial shields used in phototherapy. In the current climate, Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, standards regarding all decontamination and disinfection processes are under significant scrutiny. In terms of the UV‐PPE and facial shields used in phototherapy, careful disinfection procedures need to be implemented to ensure that the decontamination practice is effective enough to neutralise the virulent virus whilst maintaining maximal protection to the user from UV‐rays and safeguard the equipment from damage during the cleaning process. The aim of this report is to provide an evidence based review of the current and international practice standards guiding the selection, use and decontamination processes of UV facial shields in phototherapy. The complications and concerns that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had on this practice is highlighted. As such, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the literature to provide recommendations as to the most effective, time efficient and safest practices for disinfection and decontamination of UV facial shields used in phototherapy during these unprecedented times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Granahan
- Department of Dermatology St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - J. McCavana
- Department of Medical Physics St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - A. Lally
- Department of Dermatology St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - I. Morgan
- Department of Dermatology St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - S. Fitzgerald
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - B. Moriarty
- Department of Dermatology St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland
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Predarska I, Saoud M, Morgan I, Eichhorn T, Kaluđerović GN, Hey-Hawkins E. Cisplatin-cyclooxygenase inhibitor conjugates, free and immobilised in mesoporous silica SBA-15, prove highly potent against triple-negative MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:857-869. [PMID: 34877948 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the development of anticancer drugs with higher activity and reduced toxicity, two approaches were combined: preparation of platinum(IV) complexes exhibiting higher stability compared to their platinum(II) counterparts and loading them into mesoporous silica SBA-15 with the aim to utilise the passive enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of nanoparticles for accumulation in tumour tissues. Three conjugates based on a cisplatin scaffold bearing the anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen, ibuprofen or flurbiprofen in the axial positions (1, 2 and 3, respectively) were synthesised and loaded into SBA-15 to afford the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) SBA-15|1, SBA-15|2 and SBA-15|3. Superior antiproliferative activity of both free and immobilised conjugates in a panel of four breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, HCC1937, MCF-7 and BT-474) with markedly increased cytotoxicity with respect to cisplatin was demonstrated. All compounds exhibit highest activity against the triple-negative cell line MDA-MB-468, with conjugate 1 being the most potent. However, against MCF-7 and BT-474 cell lines, the most notable improvement was found, with IC50 values up to 240-fold lower than cisplatin. Flow cytometry assays clearly show that all compounds induce apoptotic cell death elevating the levels of both early and late apoptotic cells. Furthermore, autophagy as well as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were elevated to a similar or greater extent than with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Predarska
- Universität Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Saoud
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Thomas Eichhorn
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Universität Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Sultani HN, Morgan I, Hussain H, Roos AH, Haeri HH, Kaluđerović GN, Hinderberger D, Westermann B. Access to New Cytotoxic Triterpene and Steroidal Acid-TEMPO Conjugates by Ugi Multicomponent-Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137125. [PMID: 34281176 PMCID: PMC8268079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, especially the Ugi-four component reaction (U-4CR), provide powerful protocols to efficiently access compounds having potent biological and pharmacological effects. Thus, a diverse library of betulinic acid (BA), fusidic acid (FA), cholic acid (CA) conjugates with TEMPO (nitroxide) have been prepared using this approach, which also makes them applicable in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Moreover, convertible amide modified spin-labelled fusidic acid derivatives were selected for post-Ugi modification utilizing a wide range of reaction conditions which kept the paramagnetic center intact. The nitroxide labelled betulinic acid analogue 6 possesses cytotoxic effects towards two investigated cell lines: prostate cancer PC3 (IC50 7.4 ± 0.7 μM) and colon cancer HT29 (IC50 9.0 ± 0.4 μM). Notably, spin-labelled fusidic acid derivative 8 acts strongly against these two cancer cell lines (PC3: IC50 6.0 ± 1.1 μM; HT29: IC50 7.4 ± 0.6 μM). Additionally, another fusidic acid analogue 9 was also found to be active towards HT29 with IC50 7.0 ± 0.3 μM (CV). Studies on the mode of action revealed that compound 8 increased the level of caspase-3 significantly which clearly indicates induction of apoptosis by activation of the caspase pathway. Furthermore, the exclusive mitochondria targeting of compound 18 was successfully achieved, since mitochondria are the major source of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider N. Sultani
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Andreas H. Roos
- Physical Chemistry—Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.R.); (H.H.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Haleh H. Haeri
- Physical Chemistry—Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.R.); (H.H.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry—Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.R.); (H.H.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5582-1340; Fax: +49-345-5582-1309
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Seixas N, Ravanello BB, Morgan I, Kaluđerović GN, Wessjohann LA. Chlorambucil Conjugated Ugi Dendrimers with PAMAM-NH₂ Core and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E59. [PMID: 30717083 PMCID: PMC6409784 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a new Ugi multicomponent reaction strategy is described to enhance activity and solubility of the chemotherapeutic drug chlorambucil through its conjugation to poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM-NH₂) dendrimers with the simultaneous introduction of lipidic (i-Pr) and cationic (⁻NH₂) or anionic (⁻COOH) groups. Standard viability assays were used to evaluate the anticancer potential of the water-soluble dendrimers against PC-3 prostate and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines, as well as non-cancerous mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts. It could be demonstrated that the anticancer activity against PC-3 cells was considerably improved when both chlorambucil and ⁻NH₂ (cationic) groups were present on the dendrimer surface (1b). Additionally, this dendrimer showed activity only against the prostate cancer cells (PC-3), while it did not affect colon cancer cells and fibroblasts significantly. The cationic chlorambucil-dendrimer 1b blocks PC-3 cells in the G2/M phase and induces caspase independent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Seixas
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Bruno B Ravanello
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Morgan I. What do we really mean by emmetropisation. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Morgan
- Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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Morgan I, Rose K. Epidemiology and the protective effects of time outdoors. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Morgan
- Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
| | - K. Rose
- Orthoptics; University of Techology Sydney; Sydney Australia
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Angadi DS, Nagappa S, Simpson D, Morgan I. Streptococcus subpectoral abscess with shoulder pain: A rare emergency with a common symptom? Int J Shoulder Surg 2010; 4:22-23. [PMID: 20922090 PMCID: PMC2940168 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6042.68419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Angadi
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - S. Nagappa
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - D. Simpson
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - I. Morgan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
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Reynolds M, Morgan I, McMorris F, Coss E, Brett C, Kenny J, O'Shea E. DEVELOPING THE ROLE OF THE RTT IN POSITION VERIFICATION. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Mullaney L, Keaveney M, Baker R, Fitzpatrick K, Ryan L, Cronin S, Morgan I, Clayton-Lea A, O'Shea E. RECTAL PREPARATION FOR PROSTATE PATIENTS: A SOLUTION TO ADDRESS RECTAL VOLUME VARIATION. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Morgan I, Megaw P. Using natural STOP growth signals to prevent excessive axial elongation and the development of myopia. Ann Acad Med Singap 2004; 33:16-20. [PMID: 15008556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Myopia is emerging as a major public health issue due to its increasing prevalence and long-term pathological outcomes. Prevention must focus on limiting excessive axial elongation which is the cause of both myopic refractive error and its pathological outcomes. The increasing prevalence appears to be due to environmental changes involving near work, rather than to a genetic failure of emmetropisation. Attempts to control the progression of myopia optically have been unsuccessful; the only available preventive regime involves the use of atropine eye drops. This regime has short-term side effects, and since the site and mechanism of action of muscarinic antagonists are unclear, there are concerns about its long-term safety. Recent studies on natural STOP growth signals suggest that they are evoked by relatively brief periods of imposed myopic defocus, and can overcome strong pressures towards increased axial elongation. While STOP signals have only been successfully used in chickens to prevent excessive axial elongation, similar signals are generated in mammals and non-human primates. Further studies may define the conditions under which this approach could be used to prevent the development of myopia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Morgan
- Visual Sciences Group, Research School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Visual Science, Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT, Australia.
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Morgan RL, Farrar DF, Rose J, Forster H, Morgan I. Creep behavior of bone cement: a method for time extrapolation using time-temperature equivalence. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2003; 14:321-325. [PMID: 15348456 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022927814801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The clinical lifetime of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is considerably longer than the time over which it is convenient to perform creep testing. Consequently, it is desirable to be able to predict the long term creep behavior of bone cement from the results of short term testing. A simple method is described for prediction of long term creep using the principle of time-temperature equivalence in polymers. The use of the method is illustrated using a commercial acrylic bone cement. A creep strain of approximately 0.6% is predicted after 400 days under a constant flexural stress of 2 MPa. The temperature range and stress levels over which it is appropriate to perform testing are described. Finally, the effects of physical aging on the accuracy of the method are discussed and creep data from aged cement are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morgan
- Smith and Nephew Group Research Centre, Heslington, York, YO10 5DF, UK
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Russell SH, Small CJ, Sunter D, Morgan I, Dakin CL, Cohen MA, Bloom SR. Chronic intraparaventricular nuclear administration of orexin A in male rats does not alter thyroid axis or uncoupling protein-1 in brown adipose tissue. Regul Pept 2002; 104:61-8. [PMID: 11830278 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A, synthesised in the posterolateral hypothalamus, has widespread distribution including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is rich in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurones. Nerve fibres in the PVN synapse on neurones that send polysynaptic projections to brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is important in thermogenesis. A number of observations suggests orexin A may be involved in regulation of metabolism and thermogenesis. We investigated the effect of orexin A injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones in male rats. We then examined the effect of chronic iPVN injections of orexin A on plasma TSH and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) protein in BAT. Orexin A (3 nmol) administered ICV significantly suppressed plasma TSH at 10 and 90 min. Orexin A (0.3 nmol) administered into the PVN twice daily for 3 days significantly increased day-time 2-h food intake, but did not significantly alter nocturnal food intake. Though chronic iPVN orexin A altered diurnal food intake, there was no effect on 24-h food intake or body weight. Furthermore, orexin A administered chronically into the PVN did not alter UCP-1 level in BAT, or plasma hormones relative to saline injected animals. Chronic iPVN orexin A does not appear to influence thermogenesis through activation of UCP-1 or the thyroid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Russell
- ICSM Endocrine Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 ONN, London, UK
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Abstract
This double-blinded randomised clinical trial investigated whether application of ADCON-T/N to zone II tendon repairs improved their outcome. Fifty-nine patients were randomised into control or ADCON-T/N treated groups and all followed an early mobilisation regime following tendon repair. Tendon rupture rates were comparable between the control and ADCON-T/N treated patients. At six months follow-up, the ADCON-T/N treated group had better proximal interphalangeal motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Liew
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, United Kingdom.
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Abbott CR, Rossi M, Wren AM, Murphy KG, Kennedy AR, Stanley SA, Zollner AN, Morgan DG, Morgan I, Ghatei MA, Small CJ, Bloom SR. Evidence of an orexigenic role for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript after administration into discrete hypothalamic nuclei. Endocrinology 2001; 142:3457-63. [PMID: 11459791 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.8.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript is expressed in hypothalamic regions involved in the central control of food intake. Previous data have implicated cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript as an anorectic peptide. We studied the effect of the active fragment of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55-102), on feeding when injected into discrete nuclei of the hypothalamus. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55-102) (0.04 nmol) elicited a delayed, but significant, increase in feeding in 24-h fasted rats after injection into the ventromedial nucleus (1-2 h, 261 +/- 60% of control; P < 0.05) and arcuate nucleus (1-2 h, 225 +/- 38% of control; P < 0.05) of the hypothalamus. Administration of a higher dose of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55-102) (0.2 nmol) elicited a significant increase in feeding after injection into the ventromedial nucleus (1-2 h, 1253 +/- 179% of control; P < 0.001), arcuate nucleus (1-2 h, 265 +/- 43% of control; P < 0.05), paraventricular nucleus (2-4 h food intake, 186 +/- 29% of control; P < 0.05), lateral hypothalamic area (2-4 h, 280 +/- 34% of control; P < 0.001), anterior hypothalamic area (2-4 h, 252 +/- 42% of control; P < 0.01), dorsomedial nucleus (2-4 h, 368 +/- 29% of control;P < 0.001) and supraoptic nucleus (2-4 h, 212 +/- 34% of control; P < 0.05) of the hypothalamus. Administration of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55-102) into the third ventricle of the hypothalamus resulted in an inhibition in feeding [0-4 h (0.4 nmol), 33 +/- 13% control; P < 0.001], but was associated with marked abnormalities in behavior, which may have interfered with feeding. These behavioral abnormalities were not observed after the administration of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55-102) directly into the arcuate nucleus. These data suggest that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript may play an orexigenic role in the hypothalamic feeding circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Abbott
- Endocrine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom W12 ONN
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Sunter D, Morgan I, Edwards CM, Dakin CL, Murphy KG, Gardiner J, Taheri S, Rayes E, Bloom SR. Orexins: effects on behavior and localisation of orexin receptor 2 messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat brainstem. Brain Res 2001; 907:27-34. [PMID: 11430882 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The orexins are neuropeptides originally reported to be involved in the stimulation of food intake. However, analysis of orexin immunoreactive fibres have revealed the densest innervation in brain sites involved in arousal and sleep-wake control, notably the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, an area that also expresses orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) messenger RNA (mRNA). We report here that, in the rat, a single intracerebroventricular injection of orexin A (1 and 3 nmol) or orexin B (3 nmol), during the early light phase, did not increase food intake over the first 4 h postinjection. However, the frequency of active behaviors such as grooming, rearing, burrowing and locomotion increased. Feeding behavior and food intake subsequently decreased over the following 20 h (4-24 h postinjection period) in the orexin A 3 nmol injected group whilst the frequency of inactive behavior (still or asleep) in this group increased. Using riboprobes, we performed in situ hybridization histochemistry to map the distribution of orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) mRNA within the rat brainstem. We report here, for the first time, the presence of OX2R mRNA in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the lateral reticular field (LRt). The LRt is a brainstem site that, amongst other functions, is implicated in attention and wakefulness. This distribution of OX2R and the effects on behavior support recent reports that the orexins might modulate central nervous system arousal and sleep-wake mechanisms rather than exclusively being involved in the control of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sunter
- ICSM Endocrine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, 0NN, London, UK
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22
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Abstract
Myopia is often regarded as a minor priority in public health research, yet the public health costs of myopia are considerable, both due to the costs of optical correction and from the costs imposed by the morbidity resulting from myopia in terms of associated eye disease (glaucoma, posterior subcapsular cataract), and the visual impairment and blindness that can result from myopia due to myopic retinal degeneration and retinal detachment. There is clear evidence for a high and increasing prevalence of myopia in East Asia, apparently driven by increasing educational pressures and urbanization. Data from the USA, Europe and Australia are consistent with the data from Asia in terms of the role of these risk factors. However, the evidence for an increasing prevalence of myopia is more problematic, due to the lack of adequate longitudinal studies, and the confounding effects of age-related hypermetropization. It is concluded that the prevalence of myopia is probably increasing in Australia, although the changes are of much lower magnitude than n East Asia. Longitudinal studies are, therefore, clearly required to quantify changes in the prevalence of myopia in Australia, for accurate assessment of the public health impacts and to assist with the development of preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rose
- School of Applied Vision Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
Dopamine is generally accepted as a major neurotransmitter associated with light-adaptive processes in the retina. However, little is known about its precise release pattern in vivo, largely due to the lack of an unambiguous method for the determination of dopamine release. We have found that vitreal levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) reflect the rate of dopamine release in chickens. Blocking re-uptake with nomifensine significantly lowered vitreal DOPAC and retinal dopamine, confirming the retinal origin and reliance of vitreal DOPAC on intact re-uptake mechanisms. Further, inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline reduced vitreal as well as retinal DOPAC levels, confirming that the DOPAC detected is generated by monoamine oxidase. Finally, we found that DOPAC diffused freely into and out of isolated vitreous bodies and we found the vitreous to be metabolically inert with respect to DOPAC, supporting the idea that vitreal levels of DOPAC are consequential to the retinal metabolism of dopamine. Exposure to light, which is known to increase retinal dopamine release, readily increased vitreal DOPAC levels. The accumulation of DOPAC in the vitreous over 6 h light fitted a mathematical model of DOPAC accumulation based on zero-order influx (proportional to dopamine release rates) and diffusion driven, first-order efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Megaw
- Division of Biological Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
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Goldstone AP, Morgan I, Mercer JG, Morgan DG, Moar KM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Effect of leptin on hypothalamic GLP-1 peptide and brain-stem pre-proglucagon mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:331-5. [PMID: 10708552 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, the adipocyte-derived plasma hormone, and CNS GLP-1 neurons reduce food intake and body weight. GLP-1 is produced in the CNS by post-translational processing of pre-proglucagon. ICV leptin administration prevented the reduction in hypothalamic GLP-1 peptide content seen in pair-fed food-restricted rats (P < 0.05). There was a significant overall positive correlation between pre-proglucagon mRNA expression in the NTS and hypothalamic GLP-1 peptide content (r = +0.34, P < 0.05). Intraperitoneal leptin administration also increased hypothalamic GLP-1 peptide in food-restricted mice (P < 0. 05). This supports the hypothesis that the anorectic actions of leptin are in part due to stimulation of GLP-1 neurons. Reduced CNS GLP-1 neuronal activity during food deprivation may act to stimulate feeding behaviour, and perhaps also inhibit hypothalamic LHRH neurons, as part of the neuroendocrine response to starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Goldstone
- Endocrine Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Bailey C, Bates S, Turner S, Rossi M, Morgan I, Bloom S. Leptin Improves Insulin Sensitivity of Skeletal Musclein Obese-diabetic ob/ob Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1211/146080800128735449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Broadley P, McHugo J, Morgan I, Whittle MJ, Kilby MD. The 4 year outcome following the demonstration of bilateral renal pelvic dilatation on pre-natal renal ultrasound. Br J Radiol 1999; 72:265-70. [PMID: 10396216 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.72.855.10396216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little in the literature regarding long-term prognosis in cases of fetal pyelectasis and calyceal dilatation. The aim of this study was to correlate antenatal ultrasound findings with outcome in a large group of children, most of whom had routine antenatal mid-trimester scans. 75 babies with bilateral pyelectasis and calyceal dilatation in the pre-natal period and complete radiological and clinical data were identified over a 3 year period. Pre-natal ultrasound was correlated with results of post-natal investigation and the frequency of post-natal surgery was established. Follow-up was documented to discharge or to at least 4 years of age. Prognosis was related to the degree of pelvic dilatation, but neonatal morbidity was much more likely to be associated with pre-natal calyceal dilatation and/or hydroureter. 68% (51 of 75) of babies had insignificant abnormalities on post-natal investigation, defined as either transient fetal pyelectasis and calyceal dilatation, extrarenal pelves, or transient neonatal pyelectasis and calyceal dilatation. Five babies died in the neonatal period, all classified as either moderate or severe disease. Of the surviving 70 cases (93.3%), 27% had renal anomalies that required treatment by prophylactic antibiotics or surgery. The remaining babies were conservatively managed and followed as outpatients. One child required transplantation and a further two had a severe degree of chronic renal failure by the age of 4 years. These data will be of value in prospective counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Broadley
- Department of Radiology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham, UK
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Morgan I, Campanella C. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation in Edinburgh. Br J Theatre Nurs 1998; 7:4-9. [PMID: 9543926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper describes a feasibility study to evaluate the Xenon-Chloride Excimer laser in patients requiring myocardial revascularisation. METHODS Between November 1995 and September 1997, 30 patients (aged 48 to 80 years) underwent Transmyocardial Laser Revascularisation (TMR), either combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or as a sole procedure. These patients were considered unsuitable for conventional coronary revascularisation on the basis of angiographic findings. Evaluation included NYHA status, exercise tolerance test, dobutamine stress echocardiography, Thallium myocardial perfusion scan, with follow-up scan at 3 months and clinical review at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Operative technique initially was standardised comprising median sternotomy, full cardiopulmonary bypass, moderate systemic hypothermia and induced ventricular fibrillation. This was later modified to mini-left anterior thoracotomy, femoral cannulation with venous centrifugal assist. RESULTS Patients undergoing TMR also had conventional grafts whenever possible (18/30 (60%), 1 graft 12/30, 2 grafts 6/30). 14 patients were redo cases, and 12 were unsuitable for further grafts, and therefore had TMR as a sole procedure. The number of channels created was between 6 and 100 (mean 45.6 +/- 20.7). The majority of the cases had severe angina (NYHA classes III or IV) at presentation, with an improvement of at least 2 points postoperatively (p < 0.001) which was sustained throughout the period of follow-up. Objective evidence of improved myocardial perfusion and function (dobutamine stress echocardiography and Thallium myocardial perfusion scan) was obtained in a few patients. Complications following TMR were uncommon-one patient developed complete AV dissociation requiring permanent pacemaker insertion. No other specific TMR-related complications were identified. CONCLUSION Despite initial difficulties in recruiting adequate numbers of patients, TMR has proved to be a useful adjunct in relieving angina in patients who are either poor candidates for surgery or unsuitable for full revascularisation. Modification in the technique has allowed a less invasive approach and improved recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Morgan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh NHS Trust, UK
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Devadas M, Morgan I. Retinal control of scleral precursor synthesis. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1997; 25 Suppl 1:S73-S75. [PMID: 9267632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1997.tb01763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a light-dependent diurnal rhythm in scleral precursor synthesis (SPS). In form-deprivation myopia (FDM) there is an increase in SPS. Daily periods of normal vision prevent FDM, but light intensities that maintain the retinal dark-light switch in its dark state do not, implicating melatonin, dopamine, enkephalin, neurotensin and somatostatin in the control of SPS. FDM is also prevented by pirenzepine, a cholinergic muscarinic antagonist To test if these compounds control the rate of SPS, agonists and antagonists were applied directly to the sclera, but the only effects detected were at very high concentrations, making them physiologically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Devadas
- Visual Sciences Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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29
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McKenzie C, Megaw P, Morgan I, Boelen MK. Deprivation of form vision suppresses diurnal cycling of retinal levels of leu-enkephalin. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1997; 25 Suppl 1:S79-81. [PMID: 9267634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1997.tb01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deprivation of form vision by the fitting of translucent occluders suppressed the diurnal cycling of enkephalinergic amacrine cells (the ENSLI amacrine cells), in the chicken. Daily periods of normal vision or enforcing temporal contrast using strobe lighting appeared to restore normal functioning of the ENSLI cells. These results suggest that the ENSLI cells are involved in retinal circuits that assess the quality of the visual image and control eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McKenzie
- Centre for Research on Ageing and Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Jackson M, Obrien V, Morgan I, Grindlay G, Campo M. Bovine papillomavirus type 4. Int J Oncol 1996; 9:1189-99. [PMID: 21541627 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.9.6.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus induce benign tumours (papillomas) in a variety of animals. The papillomas generally regress but occassionally persist and may eventually progress to squamous cell carcinoma. One of the most extensively studies papillomaviruses is bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV4). BPV-4 induces papillomas of the upper alimentary canal which are at high risk of progressing to cancer in cattle eating bracken fern. In this review, several aspects of the biology of the virus are described and compared with other papillomavirus systems, including regulation of transcription of the viral oncogenes, function of the viral oncoproteins, cooperation between virus and chemical cofactors, and prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jackson
- BEATSON INST CANC RES,CRC,BEATSON LABS,GLASGOW G61 1BD,LANARK,SCOTLAND
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Gao M, Morgan I, Vogt PK. Differential and antagonistic effects of v-Jun and c-Jun. Cancer Res 1996; 56:4229-35. [PMID: 8797597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We compared the ability of cellular and viral Jun (c-Jun and v-Jun) to transactivate target genes. c-Jun and v-Jun bind specifically to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate responsive elements [TREs, also called activator protein 1 (AP-1) motifs]. However, whereas c-Jun activates TRE-controlled promoters, v-Jun represses them. Cotransfection of the two Jun proteins reduces c-Jun-dependent transactivation. The expression of the endogenous c-jun gene, regulated through a promoter-proximal AP-1-binding site, is repressed in v-Jun-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. It is suggested that an M(r) 18,000 v-Jun peptide prominent in v-Jun-transformed cells acts as a transdominant-negative regulator of AP-1 activity and of c-jun expression. In contrast to the results with TRE sites, both v-Jun and c-Jun activate transcription through the human T-cell leukemia virus type I 21-bp repeat which contains a sequence homologous to the cyclic AMP responsive element. However, full-length Jun proteins bind to this site only with low affinity, and binding of the truncated v-Jun was barely detectable. These observations show that the oncogenic viral form of Jun differs from the cellular version in promoter preference and on certain promoters acts as an antagonist to c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
Both axial clongation and scleral precursor synthesis are increased during form deprivation myopia (FDM). Since axial clongation is greater during the day than at night during normal development, it seemed likely that the rate of scleral precursor synthesis would be high in the day and low at night. Instead we found that the rate of scleral precursor synthesis is greater in the middle of the night than at the middle of the day. The rise and fall do not begin until about 4 h after lights off or lights on, respectively. These variations in precursor synthesis are light-driven, not circadian.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Devadas
- Centre for Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- M Devadas
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University
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Morgan I, Potts W. The effects of thiocyanate on the intracellular ion concentrations of branchial epithelial cells of brown trout. J Exp Biol 1995; 198:1229-32. [PMID: 9319084 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.198.5.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in fresh water to 0.15 mmol l-1 external thiocyanate for 1 h resulted in a significant decrease in chlorine concentration in the branchial mitochondria-rich (MR) cells from 37 mmol l-1 to 22 mmol l-1. The intracellular sodium concentration in these cells decreased by a similar amount, whilst the intracellular phosphorus concentration increased significantly. In contrast to the MR cells, 0.15 mmol l-1 external thiocyanate had no effect on the intracellular ion concentrations in the pavement epithelial cells. Thiocyanate is known to inhibit chloride uptake in a number of freshwater animals and therefore these data suggest that it is only the MR cells that are involved in the uptake of Cl- in brown trout.
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Morgan I, Potts W, Oates K. INTRACELLULAR ION CONCENTRATIONS IN BRANCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA L.) DETERMINED BY X-RAY MICROANALYSIS. J Exp Biol 1994; 194:139-51. [PMID: 9317499 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular concentrations of sodium, chloride, phosphorus and potassium under normal conditions in pavement epithelial (PE) cells of brown trout (Salmo trutta) gill were 66, 51, 87 and 88 mmol l-1 respectively. The concentrations of these elements under identical conditions in mitochondria-rich (MR) cells were not significantly different, except for that of chlorine, which was lower in MR cells (40 mmol l-1). The concentration of sodium in the PE cells decreased slightly after exposure of the fish to low external [Na+] (25 µmol l-1) for 7 days but increased greatly within 5 min of subsequent exposure to 1 mmol l-1 external Na+. These changes in external [Na+] had no significant effect on MR cells. Exposure of fish to low [Cl-] (25 µmol l-1) had no effect on PE or MR cells, but on exposure to 1 mmol l-1 Cl- the concentrations of chlorine, phosphorus and potassium in both types of cells increased, whilst the intracellular sodium concentration decreased only in MR cells. The PE cells were little affected by exposure of the fish to the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. In contrast, 0.5 mmol l-1 external acetazolamide caused a significant decrease in intracellular phosphorus, chlorine and potassium concentrations in MR cells. This suggests that the PE cells are the sites of sodium uptake in the gills of the brown trout and that chloride uptake occurs via the MR cells. These results are discussed with respect to the sites and possible mechanisms of ionic exchange in freshwater vertebrates.
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Allen C, Raafat F, Morgan I. Routine prenatal determination of chorionicity in multiple gestation: a plea to the obstetrician. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 101:829. [PMID: 7848424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Vogt PK, Morgan I. The genetics of jun. Semin Cancer Biol 1990; 1:27-36. [PMID: 2133108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutational analyses of Jun show that the leucine zipper mediates dimerization with other Jun molecules or with the Fos protein and determines the three-dimensional orientation of the adjacent basic region, facilitating interaction with DNA. The basic region of Jun is the DNA contact surface. Substitution of certain basic residues in this region leads to loss of DNA binding. Some basic region mutants also act as transdominant lethals: they are able to tie up wild type protein in inactive complexes. The definition of transactivator domains with deletion mutants of Jun appears to depend on the assay for transcriptional activation. CAT assays suggest multiple transactivator regions in the N-terminal third of Jun, while in vitro transcription assays detect a negative regulator of transcription in this region. Another transactivator domain appears to be located close to the basic region in both c-Jun and JunD. The genetics of Jun supports a hierarchical order of Jun functions in which dimerization is a prerequisite for both DNA binding and transcriptional activation, and DNA binding is needed for transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Vogt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-1054
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Alexander DJ, Manvell RJ, Collins MS, Brockman SJ, Westbury HA, Morgan I, Austin FJ. Characterization of paramyxoviruses isolated from penguins in Antarctica and sub-Antarctica during 1976-1979. Arch Virol 1989; 109:135-43. [PMID: 2514677 DOI: 10.1007/bf01310525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nine paramyxovirus isolates obtained from penguins were tested for antigenic relationships amongst themselves and to other avian paramyxoviruses. One of the isolates was shown to be a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), i.e., of PMV-1 serotype. By serological tests and analysis of structural polypeptides the other penguin isolates could be placed into three groups. No relationship with other avian paramyxoviruses could be determined except that six of the penguin viruses, representing two of the groups, showed reaction with a monoclonal antibody raised against NDV Ulster 2C and three of the isolates, representing one of the penguin groups, also reacted with another PMV-1 directed monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Alexander
- Poultry Department, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, U.K
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Morgan I, Morris AI, Stockdale HR, Brownless S. SeHCAT in the newborn. Br J Radiol 1985; 58:273. [PMID: 4063673 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-58-687-273-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Stubbs WA, Kelly DM, Morgan I, Alberti KG. Insulin clearance by perfused rat lung. Horm Metab Res 1982; 14:8-9. [PMID: 7037588 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of insulin has been demonstrated in the perfused in situ rat lung. Porcine insulin added to the perfusion medium at 50 microunits/l was cleared at 6.3 U/h in lungs from fed animals, 6.1 U/h in fasted animals and 15.7 U/h in diabetic rat lungs. At a higher concentration of insulin (500 microunits/l) increased clearance was observed in lungs from both fed, fasted and diabetic animals, 33.0, 36.0 and 56.5 U/h respectively. It is suggested that the clearance of insulin by the lung is dependent on metabolic state of the animal.
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Elliott HL, Campbell BC, Morgan I. Beta-blockade in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br Med J 1978; 2:1370-1. [PMID: 719405 PMCID: PMC1608438 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6148.1370-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Vaginal trichomoniasis was treated with standard courses of oral metronidazole in 597 pregnant women. In 283 other pregnant women, the infection remained untreated. The incidences of low-birth-weight infants, stillbirths and congenital abnormalities were not affected by metronidazole treatment of trichomoniasis in pregnancy.
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Abstract
A new model has been established for the perfused in situ rat lung. During perfusion with glucose at 4 mmol/l, physiological concentrations of insulin (50 mu/l) caused an initial 1.5 fold increase in lactate production; the increase being sustained at 30% for the 4 h of perfusion. The observation that the lung responds to physiological concentrations of insulin could have important implications with respect to whole body carbohydrate metabolism.
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Abstract
The subcellular distribution of histone and phosvitin kinase activities in brain has been studied and the ability of the various fractions to catalyse the phosphorylation of their endogenous proteins (intrinsic protein kinase activity) also examined. Synaptosome membrane fragments have little or no histone or phosvitin kinase activity but contain the highest concentration of cyclic AMP-stimulated intrinsic protein kinase activity. Homogenisation of the membrane fragments in Triton X-100 increased the histone kinase activity but on centrifugation it was all recovered in the supernatant, while the insoluble material contained all the intrinsic protein kinase activity. These results indicate that the intrinsic protein kinase activity of cerebral membrane fragments is due to the presence of a kinase enzyme which is specific to certain membrane proteins. The intrinsic protein kinase activity of synaptosome membrane fragments is a rather slow reaction which takes several minutes to saturate all the acceptor proteins.
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