1
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Tekkis NP, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell AM, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell A, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell A, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Brown S, Kawka M, Mclean K, Savva N, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Singal A, Chia C, Chia W, Ganesananthan S, Ooi SZY, Pengelly S, Wellington J, Mak S, Subbiah Ponniah H, Heyes A, Aberman I, Ahmed T, Al-Shamaa S, Appleton L, Arshad A, Awan H, Baig Q, Benedict K, Berkes S, Citeroni NL, Damani A, de Sancha A, Fisayo T, Gupta S, Haq M, Heer B, Jones A, Khan H, Kim H, Meiyalagan N, Miller G, Minta N, Mirza L, Mohamed F, Ramjan F, Read P, Soni L, Tailor V, Tas RN, Vorona M, Walker M, Winkler T, Bardon A, Acquaah J, Ball T, Bani W, Elmasry A, Hussein F, Kolluri M, Lusta H, Newman J, Nott M, Perwaiz MI, Rayner R, Shah A, Shaw I, Yu K, Cairns M, Clough R, Gaier S, Hirani D, Jeyapalan T, Li Y, Patel CR, Shabir H, Wang YA, Weatherhead A, Dhiran A, Renney O, Wells P, Ferguson S, Joyce A, Mergo A, Adebayo O, Ahmad J, Akande O, Ang G, Aniereobi E, Awasthi S, Banjoko A, Bates J, Chibada C, Clarke N, Craner I, Desai DD, Dixon K, Duffaydar HI, Kuti M, Mughal AZ, Nair D, Pham MC, Preest GG, Reid R, Sachdeva GS, Selvaratnam K, Sheikh J, Soran V, Stoney N, Wheatle M, Howarth K, Knapp-Wilson A, Lee KS, Mampitiya N, Masson C, McAlinden JJ, McGowan N, Parmar SC, Robinson B, Wahid S, Willis L, Risquet R, Adebayo A, Dhingra L, Kathiravelupillai S, Narayanan R, Soni J, Ghafourian P, Hounat A, Lennon KA, Abdi Mohamud M, Chou W, Chong L, Graham CJ, Piya S, Riad AM, Vennard S, Wang J, Kawar L, Maseland C, Myatt R, Tengku Saifudin TNS, Yong SQ, Douglas F, Ogbechie C, Sharma K, Zafar L, Bajomo MO, Byrne MHV, Obi C, Oluyomi DI, Patsalides MA, Rajananthanan A, Richardson G, Clarke A, Roxas A, Adeboye W, Argus L, McSweeney J, Rahman-Chowdhury M, Hettiarachchi DS, Masood MT, Antypas A, Thomas M, de Andres Crespo M, Zimmerman M, Dhillon A, Abraha S, Burton O, Jalal AHB, Bailey B, Casey A, Kathiravelupillai A, Missir E, Boult H, Campen D, Collins JM, Dulai S, Elhassan M, Foster Z, Horton E, Jones E, Mahapatra S, Nancarrow T, Nyamapfene T, Rimmer A, Robberstad M, Robson-Brown S, Saeed A, Sarwar Y, Taylor C, Vetere G, Whelan MK, Williams J, Zahid D, Chand C, Matthews M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK medical education. A nationwide student survey. Med Teach 2022; 44:574-575. [PMID: 34428109 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1962835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damir Rafi
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Brown
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alona Courtney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Kawka
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Howell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth McLean
- Division of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew Gardiner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amir H Sam
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicos Savva
- Division of Management Science and Operations, London Business School, London, UK
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- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T Ball
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - W Bani
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A Elmasry
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - F Hussein
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M Kolluri
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - H Lusta
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - J Newman
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M Nott
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M I Perwaiz
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - R Rayner
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A Shah
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - I Shaw
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - K Yu
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | - S Gaier
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | | | - Y Li
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | | | | | | | - A Dhiran
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | - O Renney
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | - P Wells
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | | | - A Joyce
- The Queen's University of Belfast
| | | | | | - J Ahmad
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - G Ang
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - J Bates
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | - K Dixon
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - M Kuti
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - D Nair
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | - R Reid
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - V Soran
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Soni
- The University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | - W Chou
- The University of East Anglia
| | | | | | - S Piya
- The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - J Wang
- The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Obi
- The University of Leicester
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Argus
- The University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Bailey
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | - A Casey
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | | | - E Missir
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | - H Boult
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - D Campen
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | - S Dulai
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | - Z Foster
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - E Horton
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - E Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | | | - A Rimmer
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | - A Saeed
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - Y Sarwar
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - C Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - G Vetere
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | - D Zahid
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - C Chand
- University of Hull and the University of York
| | - M Matthews
- University of Hull and the University of York
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Shafi SQ, Brown S, Khaw RA, Hirniak J, Burke JR, Giwa L, Marson L, Hill A, Lobo D, Glasbey JC, McLean KA, Patel T, Liu G, Singal A, Nam R, Kathiravelupillai A, Chia WL, Ooi SZY, Matthews M, Ponniah SH, Komor J, Heyes A, Tushingham S, Hettiarachchi DS, K T, Gaier S, Jordan C, Joyce A, Johnston E, Valentine K, Nagassima K, Reis RD, O'Sullivan M, Tittawella A, Geary E, Thorpe C, Jalal AHB, Georgi M, Mergo A, Ramsay E, Sheikh J, Ashok A, Lee KS, Risquet R, Kathiravelupillai S, Chia D, Al Majid S, Matloob Ahmad AE, Hounat A, Shafi S, Wang J, Cambridge WA, Kawar L, Maseland T, Sharma K, Moses J, Patsalides MA, Brown S, Jaffer A, Feeney K, Richardson G, Joseph JP, Argus L, Sara X, Antypas A, de Andres Crespo M, Daly E, Abraha S. Medical student engagement with surgery and research during the COVID-19 pandemic: Supporting the future workforce for post-pandemic surgical recovery. Int J Surg 2021; 95:106105. [PMID: 34597820 PMCID: PMC8479464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Q Shafi
- University of Dundee, United Kingdom University of Leicester, United Kingdom Newcastle University, United Kingdom St George's, University of London, United Kingdom University of Leeds, United Kingdom Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland University of Nottingham, United Kingdom University of Birmingham, United Kingdom Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom Aston University, United Kingdom Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom Cardiff University, United Kingdom Hull-York Medical School, United Kingdom Imperial College London, United Kingdom Keele University, United Kingdom Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom Trinity College Dublin, Ireland University College Cork, Ireland University College Dublin, Ireland University College London, United Kingdom University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom University of Bristol, United Kingdom University of Buckingham, United Kingdom University of Cambridge, United Kingdom University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom University of Glasgow, United Kingdom University of Limerick, Ireland University of Liverpool, United Kingdom University of Manchester, United Kingdom University of Oxford, United Kingdom University of Warwick, United Kingdom
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Nguyen A, Schweis F, Lee M, Sheikh J, Samant S. A002 SHORT-TERM CARDIAC OUTCOMES: ASPIRIN DESENSITIZATION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jean T, Eng V, Sheikh J, Samant S. OR101 Outcomes of patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease on omalizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Swain S, Sheikh J. OR048 The effect of multidisciplinary asthma clinic on high-risk patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Sheikh J. Prospective Evaluation Of Rate Of Systemic Reactions To Immunotherapy As Part Of A Comprehensive Allergy Practice Quality Improvement Project. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Najib U, Ostro M, Sheikh J. Comparison between the IBT “Chronic Urticaria Index” assay and National Jewish Laboratories “Anti-FcER1 Antibody” assay in Normal and Chronic Urticaria Subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Hamdy H, Telmesani AW, Wardy NA, Abdel-Khalek N, Carruthers G, Hassan F, Kassab S, Abu-Hijleh M, Al-Roomi K, O'Malley K, El Din Ahmed MG, Raj GA, Rao GM, Sheikh J. Undergraduate medical education in the Gulf Cooperation Council: a multi-countries study (Part 2). Med Teach 2010; 32:290-295. [PMID: 20353324 DOI: 10.3109/01421591003673730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have witnessed over the last 40 years a rapid and major social, cultural, and economic transformation. The development of medical education in the region is relatively new, dating from the late 1960s. An important goal among the medical colleges in the region is to graduate national physicians who can populate the healthcare service of each country. AIM The aim of this study is to provide understanding of undergraduate medical education in each of the six GCC countries and the challenges that each face. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Fourteen senior medical faculty were requested to submit information about undergraduate medical education in their own countries, focusing on its historical background, student selection, curriculum, faculty, and challenges. RESULTS The information provided was about 27 medical colleges: 16 from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), five from the United Arab Emirates, two from the Kingdom of Bahrain, two from Sultanate of Oman, one from Kuwait and one from the State of Qatar. It was found that older colleges are reviewing their curriculum while new colleges are developing their programs following current trends in medical education particularly problem-based learning and integrated curricula. The programs as described 'on paper' look good but what needs to be evaluated is the curriculum 'in action'. Faculty development in medical education is taking place in most of the region's medical colleges. CONCLUSION The challenges reported were mainly related to shortages of faculty, availability of clinical training facilities, and the need to more integration with the National Health Care services. Attention to quality, standards, and accreditation is considered essential by all colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hamdy
- University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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Wickner PG, Cahill K, Cheifetz A, Sheikh J, Gaffin JM, Sheehan WJ, Morrill J, Sawicki G, Twarog F, Cinar M, Young M, Schneider LC, Phipatanakul W, Permaul P, Stutius LM, Sheehan WJ, Rangsithienchai PA, Walter JE, Young M, Twarog F, Schneider LC, Phipatanakul W, Sheehan WJ, Rangsithienchai PA, Baxi S, Phipatanakul W, Van Stee V, Bielory L, Wheeler J, Robertson D, Bayuk J, Accetta D, Chong H, Wolf R, Kim S, Long A. Research abstracts presented at the New England Society of Allergy, Fall Meeting, Brewster, Massachusetts, October 20, 2008. Allergy Asthma Proc 2009. [DOI: 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Najib U, Ostro M, Bajwa Z, Sheikh J. A 2-year Cohort of CIU Patients in an Academic Allergy Practice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yesavage JA, Sheikh J, Noda A, Murphy G, O'Hara R, Hierholzer R, Battista M, Ashford JW, Schneider B, Hoblyn J, Kraemer HC, Tinklenberg J. Spatial test for agricultural pesticide "blow-in" effect on prevalence of Parkinson's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2006; 19:32-5. [PMID: 16449758 DOI: 10.1177/0891988705284707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study used Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) clinical records, State of California pesticide application records, spatial maps of distribution of Parkinson's disease patients, and pesticide applications to determine if there was evidence for "blow-in" of pesticides as a factor in explaining the prevalence of Central Valley Parkinson's disease. The results did not support the hypothesis of increasing prevalence of Parkinsonism attributable to wind drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Yesavage
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Rana J, Sheikh J. Serum-Sickness-Like Reactions Following Placement of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Yesavage JA, Sheikh J, Noda A, Murphy G, O'Hara R, Hierholzer R, Battista M, Ashford JW, Kraemer HC, Tinklenberg J. Use of a VA pharmacy database to screen for areas at high risk for disease: Parkinson's disease and exposure to pesticides. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004; 17:36-8. [PMID: 15018696 DOI: 10.1177/0891988703258672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether pharmacy database information from US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers could be used to screen for areas of higher Parkinson's disease prevalence in patients exposed to pesticides. The authors used pharmacy data sets and compared the use of antiparkinsonian medications at 2 VA medical centers in California: one in Palo Alto, near the ocean, and one in Fresno, downwind from extensively farmed parts of the Central Valley. They found that patients at Fresno had higher odds ratios (1.5-1.8) for the use of Parkinson's disease medications than patients at Palo Alto. These data are consistent with the observations of prior epidemiologic studies and suggest that VA pharmacy databases can prioritize locations for further epidemiologic research. However, a thorough exploration of alternative explanations is needed to reach definitive conclusions regarding the findings suggested by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Yesavage
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Yesavage JA, Mumenthaler MS, Taylor JL, Friedman L, O'Hara R, Sheikh J, Tinklenberg J, Whitehouse PJ. Donepezil and flight simulator performance: effects on retention of complex skills. Neurology 2002; 59:123-5. [PMID: 12105320 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study to test the effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil (5 mg/d for 30 days), on aircraft pilot performance in 18 licensed pilots with mean age of 52 years. After 30 days of treatment, the donepezil group showed greater ability to retain the capacity to perform a set of complex simulator tasks than the placebo group, p < 0.05. Donepezil appears to have beneficial effects on retention of training on complex aviation tasks in nondemented older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Yesavage
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5550, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) forms thick biofilms on the intestinal mucosa. Here, we show that most EAEC strains form a biofilm on glass or plastic surfaces when grown in cell culture medium with high sugar and osmolarity. Biofilm-forming ability in two prototype EAEC strains required aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF), although many other EAEC strains that do not express AAF also developed biofilms under these conditions. Ten thousand transposon mutants of EAEC strain 042 were isolated, and 100 were found to be deficient in biofilm formation. Of these, 93 were either deficient in in vitro growth or mapped to genes known to be required for AAF/II expression. Of the seven remaining insertions, five mapped to one of two unsuspected loci. Two insertions involved the E. coli chromosomal fis gene, a DNA-binding protein that is involved in growth phase-dependent regulation. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we determined that the effect of fis was at the level of transcription of the AAF/II activator aggR. Biofilm formation also required the product of the yafK gene, which is predicted to encode a secreted 28 kDa protein. The yafK product is required for transcription of AAF/II-encoding genes. Our data do not suggest a role for type 1 fimbriae or motility in biofilm formation. EAEC appears to form a novel biofilm, which may be mediated solely by AAF and may reflect its interactions with the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sheikh
- Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Abstract
Recent data suggest that the presence of psychotic symptoms in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may represent an underrecognized and unique subtype of PTSD. Among combat veterans with PTSD, 30% to 40% report auditory or visual hallucinations and/or delusions. The presence of psychotic symptoms in PTSD is associated with a more severe level of psychopathology, similar to that of chronic schizophrenia. In this review, the differential diagnosis of psychotic symptoms in PTSD is discussed, including possible comorbid schizophrenia, psychotic depression, substance-induced psychosis, and personality disorder. A recent biologic study supporting the existence of a unique subtype of PTSD with psychotic features is also addressed, as are the similarities between PTSD with psychotic features and psychotic depression disorder. Finally, data on the treatment implications of psychotic symptoms in PTSD are presented. The intriguing recent findings on psychotic symptoms in PTSD need further investigation in noncombat-related PTSD populations before findings can be generalized to all individuals with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lindley
- National Center for PTSD, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Sheikh J, Souberbielle B, Westby M, Austen B, Dalgleish AG. HIV gp120 plus specific peptides are recognized in a similar manner to specific HLA plus peptide by HLA-restricted antigen-specific T-cell lines. Viral Immunol 2000; 13:9-17. [PMID: 10733164 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2000.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV induces disease only following chronic activation of the immune system. Other retroviruses such as the mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) activate a large percentage of T cells by encoding a superantigen (SAg). To date there is no evidence that HIV encodes a SAg. An alternative way to induce pan-activation of the immune system is by allogeneic stimulation, which occurs following transplantation. Here we extend previous work which demonstrated that HIVpg120 could bind peptides in a similar manner to HLA, by demonstrating that human antigen presenting cells (APCs) expressing gp120 (but not DR1) can present a DR1-restricted peptide to induce proliferation of a DR1-restricted peptide-specific T-cell line in a similar manner to the same peptide presented by a DR1 expressing APC. Our data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the HLA-like regions of gp120 encode functional properties shared with HLA, and could explain the extraordinary clinical and immunological similarities between AIDS and chronic graft versus host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sheikh
- Division of Surgery, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Tooting, London, UK
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Sheikh J, Souberbielle B, Westby M, Austen B, Dalgleish AG. The gp120 envelope of HIV-1 binds and presents peptides in a similar manner to human leukocyte antigen. AIDS 1999; 13:1799-801. [PMID: 10509594 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199909100-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Dalgleish AG, Marriott JB, Souberbielle B, Montesano C, Sheikh J, Sidebottom D, Westby M, Austen B. The role of HIV gp120 in the disruption of the immune system. Immunol Lett 1999; 66:81-7. [PMID: 10203038 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The existence of HIV positive individuals who do not appear to progress to disease, or do so only very slowly (LTNPs), strongly suggest that factors other than virus pathogenicity determine disease. The occurence of HIV infected chimpanzees that remain disease free and other African SIV infected primates where disease is apparently species specific underscores the importance of host factors [1,2]. We have examined the immune response of LTNP patients using a variety of techniques including intracellular cytokine FACscan, anchor PCR analysis of the T cell receptor and HLA typing of class II genes by DNA sequencing. Our results to date confirm that the development of disease is consistent with activation of a susceptible immune system, and that this could be due to the fact that HLA-like sequences of HIV may 'allo' activate the host immune response. In order to test this hypothesis further we have examined whether gp120 itself can bind and present specific peptides which may be capable of eliciting 'allo' activation responses in particular hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Dalgleish
- Department of Oncology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
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Yesavage JA, Friedman L, Kraemer HC, Noda A, Wicks D, Bliwise DL, Sheikh J, Tinklenberg J, Zarcone V. A follow-up study of actigraphic measures in home-residing Alzheimer's disease patients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1998; 11:7-10. [PMID: 9686746 DOI: 10.1177/089198879801100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reports cross-sectional and follow-up data with actigraphic measures of nocturnal sleep and rest/activity in 61 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients as well as the relation of actigraphic measures to levels of behavioral disturbance across different stages of the disease. Over the course of approximately 1.5 years' follow-up, patients showed significant deterioration of nocturnal sleep parameters, but no significant change in rest/activity circadian rhythm parameters. There were also significant correlations among nocturnal sleep, rest/activity circadian rhythm, and behavioral disturbance measures, but only in relatively early stages of AD. It is argued that study of nocturnal sleep and circadian rhythm in relation to behavioral disturbance in AD requires longitudinal data and analyses that take into account the stage of disease at which patients are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Yesavage
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Friedman L, Kraemer HC, Zarcone V, Sage S, Wicks D, Bliwise DL, Sheikh J, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Disruptive behavior and actigraphic measures in home-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's disease: preliminary report. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1997; 10:58-62. [PMID: 9188020 DOI: 10.1177/089198879701000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this preliminary report was to explore overall level and diurnal patterning of caregiver reports of abnormal behavior and to explore relationships with actigraphic measures of sleep/wake activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Our primary behavioral measure was the Time-based Behavioral Disturbance Questionnaire (TBDQ). The overall score on this measure was shown to have adequate test-retest reliability and convergent validity with another behavioral measure. Significant correlations were obtained between the TBDQ overall score and actigraphically scored sleep efficiency (r = -.35, P < .05) and wake after sleep onset (r = .43, P < .01) in 41 subjects. The data suggest a moderate relationship between actigraphic measures of sleep/wake and disturbed behavior in home-dwelling AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Friedman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sheikh
- Division of Oncology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London
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Sheikh J, Bastian JF, Wilson NW. Recurrent bacterial meningitis in a 22-month-old boy. Ann Allergy 1994; 73:101-4. [PMID: 8067590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Sheikh
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown
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Affiliation(s)
- J Margraf
- Philipps-University Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
Prescription medication nonadherence among the elderly is a serious medical problem. Nonadherence is primarily caused by poor communication between health professionals and elderly patients. More specifically, nonadherence often reflects the inability of patients to understand and remember their medication instructions. Therefore, adherence can be increased by designing instructions that enable elders to easily construct a clear and simple mental model of how to take their medication. Inexpensive microcomputer-based hardware and software makes it possible for pharmacists to provide elderly patients with effective instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morrow
- Decision Systems, Stanford, California 94305
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Abstract
Prior studies have documented the effectiveness of several types of memory training for the elderly with normal age-related memory losses. Despite these positive results, there is substantial variability of individual response to treatment. The authors describe attributes of individuals most likely to benefit from two types of memory training. They found that for 40 elderly volunteers performance on the WAIS vocabulary subscale correlated with response to a treatment combining mnemonics and verbal elaboration techniques and scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory correlated with response to a treatment combining mnemonics and relaxation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Yesavage
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto VA Medical Center, CA 94304
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Ehlers A, Margraf J, Roth WT, Taylor CB, Maddock RJ, Sheikh J, Kopell ML, McClenahan KL, Gossard D, Blowers GH. Lactate infusions and panic attacks: do patients and controls respond differently? Psychiatry Res 1986; 17:295-308. [PMID: 3714912 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(86)90077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ten patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks and 10 normal controls received infusions of normal saline (placebo) and sodium lactate in a single-blind design. The time course of changes in the dependent variables was closely monitored, and expectancy biases and demand characteristics were minimized. Lactate increased self-reported anxiety and heart rate equally in patients and controls. The only variables showing statistically different responses between the groups were systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Overall, in both groups, the effects of lactate were quite similar to states of natural panic or anxiety for both self-report measures and heart rate. Patients had a tendency to endorse somatic symptoms indiscriminately. Our data do not support response to lactate as a biological marker of proneness to panic attacks.
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Abstract
Of 33 "panic" attacks reported by patients wearing an ambulatory solid-state heart rate/activity monitor for 6 days, 19 (58%) occurred at heart rates disproportionate to activity levels and different enough from surrounding heart rates to indicate a distinct physiologic state. Intense panic attacks with three or more symptoms were the most readily identified. ECG monitoring found the elevated heart rates to be sinus tachycardias. Heart rate elevation did not occur during anticipatory anxiety episodes. Ambulatory heart rate recordings confirm the presence of major physiologic changes during self-reported panic attacks.
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