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Transmission of canine transmissible venereal tumour between two dogs in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:590-594. [PMID: 36990106 PMCID: PMC7615759 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a contagious cancer spread by transfer of living cancer cells. Occasional cases are observed in the UK in dogs imported from endemic regions. Here, we report a case of imported canine transmissible venereal tumour that was transmitted to a second dog within the UK. Transmission of genital canine transmissible venereal tumour occurred despite neutered status of the second dog. The aggressive course of disease in both cases, which included metastasis, resistance to therapeutic interventions and ultimate euthanasia of both dogs, is described. The diagnosis of canine transmissible venereal tumour was made using a combination of cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry and PCR to detect the LINE-MYC rearrangement. Practitioners unfamiliar with canine transmissible venereal tumour are reminded of this disease of concern, particularly when imported dogs are placed in multi-dog households, irrespective of neuter status.
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POS1496-HPR HARD TIMES: ADAPTING A FATIGUE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN A PANDEMIC. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundFatigue is a symptom of many Rheumatology Conditions (1). Hewlett et al have shown that a Fatigue Management programme (FMP) is effective in reducing fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients (2). In 2019, a 7-week group-based FMP was developed using a cognitive behavioural approach for Rheumatology patients in NHS Lothian (Scotland). In 2020, due to COVID-19, the in person FMP was adapted for virtual delivery. Referral criteria included Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue (VAS-F) of ≥6/10 and an inflammatory rheumatic disease diagnosis. The FMP participants recorded Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) prior to and on completion of the FMP. In August 2021 demand for the FMP far outweighed the capacity of the delivery team and therefore the original 7-week FMP was further adapted to a 4-week programme. This was achieved by focusing on four core elements (i) sleep, (ii) thoughts, emotions and behaviours, (iii) energy conservation, (iv) setbacks.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to evaluate whether the 4-week programme produced comparable PROMs results to the 7-week programme. In doing so, the aim was to maintain efficacy of the programme and provide increased capacity by offering more groups in the same timeframe.MethodsFatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and VAS-F were selected for comparison between pre and post FMP PROMs results, these being the main indicators of improvement in fatigue management. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine any difference between the PROMs results reported at the end of both programmes. Participants who reported that their PROMs result were the same, worse or who did not respond, were all placed into the category “Other”. The FMP team recorded the average waiting time for those attending each group. The length of the waiting list at any one time was calculated by removing those who were not interested, had been referred elsewhere, or who did not respond to the invitation, from the total number of referrals received by the FMP team.ResultsThere was no significant difference in FSS and VAS-F results reported by the participants in both groups at the end of the FMPs as determined by Fisher’s exact test (Table 1). Waiting list times reduced from 24 weeks in August 2021 to 6 weeks in December 2021 as a result of the adaptation of the FMP from a 7-week programme to a 4-week programme (Figure 1).Table 1.Reported differences between pre-FMP and post-FMP PROMs.7 Week FMP (n = 25)4 Week FMP (n = 13)Fischer ExactFSSImproved72%77%p = 1.000Other28%23%VASImproved80%69%p = 0.689Other20%31%Figure 1.- Review of average waiting times experienced by each group. In August 2021, the decision was made to trial a 4-week FMP to counter large increases in average waiting times.ConclusionA 4-week FMP is as effective at improving the management of fatigue in Rheumatology patients as a 7-week FMP and reduces patient waiting times. More research is required to bolster the evidence base to support this novel approach.References[1]Overman, C.L., Kool, M.B., Da Silva, J.A.P. et al. The prevalence of severe fatigue in rheumatic diseases: an international study. Clin Rheumatol35, 409–415 (2016).[2]Hewlett, S., et al., Group cognitive–behavioural programme to reduce the impact of rheumatoid arthritis fatigue: the RAFT RCT with economic and qualitative evaluations. Health Technology Assessment 23(57), 1-130 (2019).Disclosure of InterestsJoanne Dobson: None declared, Dervil Dockrell: None declared, Kathryn Berg: None declared, Helen Harris Speakers bureau: Galapagos
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Versatile mRNA-Nanoparticle Platform for Treatment of Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Taipan snake venom time for antiphospholipid syndrome solves a 20-year diagnostic challenge. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:805-808. [PMID: 32432361 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Idiopathic sterile pyogranuloma in three domestic cats. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:202-205. [PMID: 29761888 PMCID: PMC7166439 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyogranulomatous inflammation has been extensively described in cats, in particular in cases of feline infectious peritonitis and also associated with Mycobacteria, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and fungal infections. Idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous dermatitis has also been described. In this case series we describe the clinical presentation, histopathology and outcome of three cases of feline idiopathic sterile steroid-responsive pyogranuloma with different presentation and different locations of the lesion, but with the common feature of having a mass with no superficial skin involvement.
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Prospective clinical trial of masitinib mesylate treatment for advanced stage III and IV canine malignant melanoma. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:190-194. [PMID: 31960455 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate efficacy of masitinib mesylate for the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective clinical trial on 17 dogs with stage III and IV malignant melanoma (two digital, one anal and 14 oral mucosal). Only dogs with advanced gross disease for which the owner declined conventional treatment or dogs with progressive tumour despite conventional treatment were included. RESULTS There was a partial response in two dogs, stable disease in seven and tumour progression in eight dogs. Median survival time for all 17 dogs was 119 days (range 21-255). Masitinib was generally well-tolerated but grade 2 anaemia, grade 1 neutropenia, grade 1 diarrhoea and grade 2 anorexia were observed in one dog each. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There was only mild effectiveness in end-stage disease, indicating that masitinib mesylate is not an appropriate sole-agent option for treatment of advanced malignant melanoma in dogs.
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Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary-care practice. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:581-588. [PMID: 31328276 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the incidence, risk factors and presenting signs of lymphoma in dogs presenting to primary-care practice in the UK using analysis of data within the VetCompass™ programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case records from the VetCompass™ programme from primary-care practices in the UK were searched for newly diagnosed lymphoma in dogs within a 1-year period: 2013. Diagnosis was based on clinical records with or without laboratory confirmation. Signalment was evaluated as risk factors for lymphoma diagnosis using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS There were 286 presumed newly diagnosed cases identified during 2013 from 455,553 dogs (overall incidence risk 63 of 100,000 dogs per year) of which 193 (67%) were laboratory confirmed (42 of 100,000 dogs per year). Advanced age, dogs older than 12 years, dogs weighing more than 30 kg and some specific breeds were significantly associated with lymphoma diagnosis. Only 18 dogs (6%) of the population identified were referred to a specialist clinic. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study concurs with others that age, bodyweight and breed are significant risk factors for lymphoma. Results of this study highlight: (1) the low number of dogs with lymphoma that are referred to specialists in the UK and (2) that few dogs undergo immunophenotyping (which can carry prognostic importance), emphasising the importance of epidemiological programmes that evaluate diseases presented to primary-care veterinarians.
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Sporadic Blau syndrome treated with adalimumab. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:811-813. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:42-50. [PMID: 30579405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. METHODS This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. RESULTS Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. CONCLUSIONS After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.
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A model based bayesian solution for characterization of complex damage scenarios in aerospace composite structures. ULTRASONICS 2018; 82:272-288. [PMID: 28934616 PMCID: PMC7437518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic damage detection and characterization is commonly used in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of aerospace composite components. In recent years there has been an increased development of guided wave based methods. In real materials and structures, these dispersive waves result in complicated behavior in the presence of complex damage scenarios. Model-based characterization methods utilize accurate three dimensional finite element models (FEMs) of guided wave interaction with realistic damage scenarios to aid in defect identification and classification. This work describes an inverse solution for realistic composite damage characterization by comparing the wavenumber-frequency spectra of experimental and simulated ultrasonic inspections. The composite laminate material properties are first verified through a Bayesian solution (Markov chain Monte Carlo), enabling uncertainty quantification surrounding the characterization. A study is undertaken to assess the efficacy of the proposed damage model and comparative metrics between the experimental and simulated output. The FEM is then parameterized with a damage model capable of describing the typical complex damage created by impact events in composites. The damage is characterized through a transdimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo solution, enabling a flexible damage model capable of adapting to the complex damage geometry investigated here. The posterior probability distributions of the individual delamination petals as well as the overall envelope of the damage site are determined.
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Comparing intra-articular CTXII levels assessed via magnetic capture or lavage in a rat knee osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1189-1194. [PMID: 28137664 PMCID: PMC5466845 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parallel measures of osteoarthritis (OA) across species can help evaluate OA models relative to humans. Toward this need, our group recently developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology, termed magnetic capture, to analyze biomarkers within a rat knee. The objectives of this study were to directly compare magnetic capture to lavage, and assess c-telopeptide of collagen type II (CTXII) in the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model of knee OA. DESIGN MMT surgery was performed in 30 male Lewis rats (3 months, 250 g). Using lavage or magnetic capture, CTXII was assessed in the OA-affected and contralateral knee at 1 week (n = 6 per group) or 4 weeks (n = 8 per group) after surgery. RESULTS While lavage detected elevated CTXII concentrations in the OA-affected knee at 1 week (P = 0.002), magnetic capture detected elevated CTXII levels in the OA-affected knee at 4 weeks (P = 0.016). While magnetic capture did not detect significant elevation of CTXII at week 1, five of six rats evaluated with magnetic capture had higher CTXII levels in the OA-affected joint relative to the contralateral limb. Moreover, with magnetic capture, CTXII levels increased from 1 week to 4 weeks, corresponding to histological damage. CTXII concentrations evaluated via lavage were relatively constant across time. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic capture and lavage evaluate CTXII in different ways: Magnetic capture measures total CTXII in the joint, while lavage measures concentration. Our data indicate magnetic capture may be advantageous at later time points, where CTXII can be diluted by effusions.
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Housing characteristics and indoor air quality in households of Alaska Native children with chronic lung conditions. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:478-486. [PMID: 27317363 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alaska Native children experience high rates of respiratory infections and conditions. Household crowding, indoor smoke, lack of piped water, and poverty have been associated with respiratory infections. We describe the baseline household characteristics of children with severe or chronic lung disease participating in a 2012-2015 indoor air study. We monitored indoor PM2.5, CO2 , relative humidity %, temperature, and VOCs and interviewed caregivers about children's respiratory symptoms. We evaluated the association between reported children's respiratory symptoms and indoor air quality indicators using multiple logistic regression analysis. Compared with general US households, study households were more likely overcrowded 73% (62%-82%) vs 3.2% (3.1%-3.3%); had higher woodstove use as primary heat source 16% (9%-25%) vs 2.1% (2.0%-2.2%); and higher proportion of children in a household with a smoker 49% (38%-60%) vs 26.2% (25.5%-26.8%). Median PM2.5 was 33 μg/m3 . Median CO2 was 1401 ppm. VOCs were detectable in all homes. VOCs, smoker, primary wood heat, and PM2.5>25 μg/m3 were associated with higher risk for cough between colds; VOCs were associated with higher risk for wheeze between colds and asthma diagnosis. High indoor air pollutant levels were associated with respiratory symptoms in household children, likely related to overcrowding, poor ventilation, woodstove use, and tobacco smoke.
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Abstract P4-22-12: Ribociclib + fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2– advanced breast cancer (ABC). Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p4-22-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Endocrine therapy (ET) is the treatment backbone for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) ABC, but efficacy is limited by ET resistance. The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6–cyclin D (CCND1)–retinoblastoma (Rb) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways have been implicated in ET resistance. CDK4/6 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors act synergistically with ET in preclinical and clinical studies of HR+ breast cancer. Ribociclib (LEE011; CDK4/6 inhibitor) + fulvestrant ± alpelisib (BYL719) or buparlisib (BKM120) in HR+, HER2– ABC is being investigated in a Phase Ib/II study (NCT02088684). Here, we present results from the ribociclib + fulvestrant combination, with intermittent and continuous ribociclib dosing.
Methods: Postmenopausal patients (pts) with HR+, HER2– ABC refractory to aromatase inhibitors received ribociclib intermittently (600 mg/day, 3-weeks-on/1-week-off; Arm A) or continuously (400 mg/day; Arm B; following Arm A safety evaluation) + fulvestrant (500 mg; Cycle 1 Day 1 and 15; subsequent cycles Day 1). Primary objective: dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) to confirm the recommended Phase II dose of ribociclib + fulvestrant. Secondary objectives: safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity (RECIST v1.1); biomarkers that may correlate with response were also assessed.
Results: As of March 10, 2016, 24 pts received ribociclib + fulvestrant (Arm A, n=13; Arm B, n=11); 4 pts in Arm B were ongoing; median duration of exposure was 7.4 (Arm A) and 4.5 (Arm B) months. Median number of prior regimens: 4 (Arm A) and 3 (Arm B). Treatment discontinuation (n; Arm A, Arm B) was due to disease progression (11, 4), physician decision (1, 2), and adverse events (AEs; 1, 1). DLTs in Cycle 1 (n; Arm A, Arm B) were Grade [G] 3 pulmonary embolism (1, 0) and G3 aspartate aminotransferase elevation (0, 1). The most common G3/4 drug-related AE (Arm A, Arm B) was neutropenia (62%, 36%); 5 pts had QTcF prolongation >60 ms (n; 4, 1).
Common all-Grade drug-related AEs (>35% pts) n (%)Arm A (n=13)Arm B (n=11)Neutropenia10 (77)7 (64)Fatigue9 (69)3 (27)Nausea6 (46)5 (46)Anemia6 (46)0 (0)Reduced appetite5 (39)1 (9)
Best overall responses (BORs; n; Arm A, Arm B): partial response (PR; 3, 1), stable disease (SD; 9, 6), and neither complete response nor progressive disease (NCRNPD; non-measurable disease; 1, 4). Overall response rate: 23% (Arm A) and 9% (Arm B); disease control rate (BOR of complete response, PR, SD, or NCRNPD): 100% in both arms. Next-generation sequencing data (n; Arm A, Arm B) were available for 16 pts (7, 9): 5 pts had CCND1 alterations (PR [1, 0], SD [2, 1], and NCRNPD [0, 1]); 11 pts had PIK3CA alterations (PR [1, 0], SD [3, 4], and NCRNPD [1, 2]); 2 of these pts had both CCND1 and PIK3CA alterations (SD [1, 0] and NCRNPD [0, 1]).
Conclusions: Ribociclib + fulvestrant has a manageable safety profile and shows preliminary clinical activity in pretreated pts with HR+, HER2– ABC. Both ribociclib intermittent and continuous dosing schedules were well tolerated. Clinical responses were observed in tumors with and without CDK4/6–cyclin D–Rb and PI3K/mTOR pathway alterations.
Citation Format: Tolaney SM, Forero-Torres A, Boni V, Bachelot T, Lu Y-S, Maur M, Fasolo A, Motta M, Pan C, Dobson J, Hewes B, Chin Lee S. Ribociclib + fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2– advanced breast cancer (ABC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-22-12.
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Abstract
Flat-Coated Retriever dogs are predisposed to the development of histiocytic sarcoma (HS), a poorly differentiated, highly malignant neoplasm. The authors have previously documented a significant lymphocytic infiltrate in such tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the presence and expression of regulatory T cells in HS tumor samples. Forty tumors were included in this study. All tumors were immunolabeled for CD3, CD79a, CD25, CD45RA, and FOXP3. The proportion of positive cells was compared between tumors presenting as a localized primary soft tissue mass (soft tissue origin HS) and disseminated HS affecting viscera, especially the spleen (splenic origin HS). By immunohistochemistry, 95% of infiltrating T cells were positive for Foxp3 in all sections, suggesting the presence of regulatory T cells. The proportion of cells positive for FOXP3 was higher in the tumors arising in soft tissues, whereas the proportion of CD45RA-positive cells was higher in the splenic origin HS. Canine HS has an aggressive clinical behavior and is uniformly fatal. The difference in the proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes positive for these 2 markers in the 2 locations may represent differences in tumor microenvironment between the 2 sites.
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Expression of Fibroblast Activating Protein and Correlation with Histological Grade, Mitotic Index and Ki67 Expression in Canine Mast Cell Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Testing charged current quasi-elastic and multinucleon interaction models in the NEUT neutrino interaction generator with published datasets from the MiniBooNE and MINERνA experiments. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Predictors of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction or Death within 30 Days of Carotid Artery Stenting: Results from the International Carotid Stenting Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 51:327-34. [PMID: 26602322 PMCID: PMC4786052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and death are complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS). The effect of baseline patient demographic factors, processes of care, and technical factors during CAS on the risk of stroke, MI, or death within 30 days of CAS in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) were investigated. METHODS In ICSS, suitable patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis > 50% were randomly allocated to CAS or endarterectomy. Factors influencing the risk of stroke, MI, or death within 30 days of CAS were examined in a regression model for the 828 patients randomized to CAS in whom the procedure was initiated. RESULTS Of the patients, 7.4% suffered stroke, MI, or death within 30 days of CAS. Independent predictors of risk were age (risk ratio [RR] 1.17 per 5 years of age, 95% CI 1.01-1.37), a right-sided procedure (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.91), aspirin and clopidogrel in combination prior to CAS (compared with any other antiplatelet regimen, RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.98), smoking status, and the severity of index event. In patients in whom a stent was deployed, use of an open-cell stent conferred higher risk than use of a closed-cell stent (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.11-3.33). Cerebral protection device (CPD) use did not modify the risk. CONCLUSIONS Selection of patients for CAS should take into account symptoms, age, and side of the procedure. The results favour the use of closed-cell stents. CPDs in ICSS did not protect against stroke.
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Impact of providing in-home water service on the rates of infectious diseases: results from four communities in Western Alaska. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:132-141. [PMID: 26837837 PMCID: PMC5557094 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of rural Alaskan homes lack in-home piped water; residents haul water to their homes. The limited quantity of water impacts the ability to meet basic hygiene needs. We assessed rates of infections impacted by water quality (waterborne, e.g. gastrointestinal infections) and quantity (water-washed, e.g. skin and respiratory infections) in communities transitioning to in-home piped water. Residents of four communities consented to a review of medical records 3 years before and after their community received piped water. We selected health encounters with ICD-9CM codes for respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections. We calculated annual illness episodes for each infection category after adjusting for age. We obtained 5,477 person-years of observation from 1032 individuals. There were 9,840 illness episodes with at least one ICD-9CM code of interest; 8,155 (83%) respiratory, 1,666 (17%) skin, 241 (2%) gastrointestinal. Water use increased from an average 1.5 gallons/capita/day (g/c/d) to 25.7 g/c/d. There were significant (P-value < 0.05) declines in respiratory (16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11-21%), skin (20, 95%CI: 10-30%), and gastrointestinal infections (38, 95%CI: 13-55%). We demonstrated significant declines in respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections among individuals who received in-home piped water. This study reinforces the importance of adequate quantities of water for health.
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Combined surgical and radiotherapy treatment of a mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma in a pony. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Risk Factors For Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death Following Carotid Endarterectomy: Results From the International Carotid Stenting Study. J Vasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Long-Term Outcomes After Stenting Versus Endarterectomy for Treatment of Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) Randomised Trial. J Vasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Risk Factors For Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death Following Carotid Endarterectomy: Results From the International Carotid Stenting Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 50:688-94. [PMID: 26460291 PMCID: PMC4684145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is standard treatment for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis but carries a risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death. This study investigated risk factors for these procedural complications occurring within 30 days of endarterectomy in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS). METHODS Patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis >50% were randomly allocated to endarterectomy or stenting. Analysis is reported of patients in ICSS assigned to endarterectomy and limited to those in whom CEA was initiated. The occurrence of stroke, MI, or death within 30 days of the procedure was reported by investigators and adjudicated. Demographic and technical risk factors for these complications were analysed sequentially in a binomial regression analysis and subsequently in a multivariable model. RESULTS Eight-hundred and twenty-one patients were included in the analysis. The risk of stroke, MI, or death within 30 days of CEA was 4.0%. The risk was higher in female patients (risk ratio [RR] 1.98, 95% CI 1.02-3.87, p = .05) and with increasing baseline diastolic blood pressure (dBP) (RR 1.30 per +10 mmHg, 95% CI 1.02-1.66, p = .04). Mean baseline dBP, obtained at the time of randomization in the trial, was 78 mmHg (SD 13 mmHg). In a multivariable model, only dBP remained a significant predictor. The risk was not related to the type of surgical reconstruction, anaesthetic technique, or perioperative medication regimen. Patients undergoing CEA stayed a median of 4 days before discharge, and 21.2% of events occurred on or after the day of discharge. CONCLUSIONS Increasing diastolic blood pressure was the only independent risk factor for stroke, MI, or death following CEA. Cautious attention to blood pressure control following symptoms attributable to carotid stenosis could reduce the risks associated with subsequent CEA.
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240 An Observational Review of Pediatric Intraosseous Needle Placement in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Metastatic anal sac carcinoma with hypercalcaemia and associated hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog. Open Vet J 2015; 5:48-51. [PMID: 26623365 PMCID: PMC4629575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A seven-year-old male neutered Irish setter was treated for a metastatic anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) and hypercalcaemia by complete surgical excision of the primary tumour and partial excision of the sublumbar lymph nodes. Further enlargement of the sublumbar lymph nodes was linked to recurrent hypercalcaemia 3 months after surgical treatment. Medical treatment with Toceranib and Clodronate showed modest results in the treatment of the tumour and the hypercalcaemia. Radiotherapy of the sublumbar lymph nodes and later concurrent carboplatin chemotherapy resulted in partial tumour remission with marked reduction in size of the lymph nodes and normalization of the calcaemia. Unfortunately, concurrently with subsequent relapse of the hypercalaemia, the dog developed hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) and lumbar spinal metastasis and the dog was euthanized. To the authors' knowledge, this is the second case of metastatic apocrine gland carcinoma of the anal sac associated with HO and the first case that describe the development of HO late in the stage of the disease.
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Comparison between Ki-67 index and mitotic index for predicting outcome in canine mast cell tumours. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:312-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Incidence, impact, and predictors of cranial nerve palsy and haematoma following carotid endarterectomy in the international carotid stenting study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:498-504. [PMID: 25344019 PMCID: PMC4225222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cranial nerve palsy (CNP) and neck haematoma are complications of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The effects of patient factors and surgical technique were analysed on the risk, and impact on disability, of CNP or haematoma in the surgical arm of the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS), a randomized controlled clinical trial of stenting versus CEA in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A per-protocol analysis of early outcome in patients receiving CEA in ICSS is reported. Haematoma was defined by the surgeon. CNP was confirmed by an independent neurologist. Factors associated with the risk of CNP and haematoma were investigated in a binomial regression analysis. RESULTS Of the patients undergoing CEA, 45/821 (5.5%) developed CNP, one of which was disabling (modified Rankin score = 3 at 1 month). Twenty-eight (3.4%) developed severe haematoma. Twelve patients with haematoma also had CNP, a significant association (p < .01). Independent risk factors modifying the risk of CNP were cardiac failure (risk ratio [RR] 2.66, 95% CI 1.11 to 6.40), female sex (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.20), the degree of contralateral carotid stenosis, and time from randomization to treatment >14 days (RR 3.33, 95% CI 1.05 to 10.57). The risk of haematoma was increased in women, by the prescription of anticoagulant drugs pre-procedure and in patients with atrial fibrillation, and was decreased in patients in whom a shunt was used and in those with a higher baseline cholesterol level. CONCLUSIONS CNP remains relatively common after CEA, but is rarely disabling. Women should be warned about an increased risk. Attention to haemostasis might reduce the incidence of CNP. ICSS is a registered clinical trial: ISRCTN 25337470.
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Embedding integrated mental health assessment and management in general hospital settings: feasibility, acceptability and the prevalence of common mental disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:318-24. [PMID: 24630892 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and acceptability of routine web-based screening in general hospital settings, and describe the level of common mental disorder. METHOD A service development platform to integrate mental and physical healthcare was implemented in six specialties (rheumatology, limb reconstruction, hepatitis C, psoriasis, adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), chronic pain) across three general hospitals in London, UK. Under service conditions, patients completed a web-based questionnaire comprising mental and physical patient-reported outcome measures, whilst waiting for their appointment. Feasibility was quantified as the proportion of patients who completed the questionnaire. Acceptability was quantified as the proportion of patients declining screening, and the proportion requiring assistance completing the questionnaire. The prevalence of probable depression and anxiety was expressed as the percentage of cases determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7. RESULTS The proportion of patients screened varied widely across specialties (40.1-98.2%). The decline rate was low (0.6-9.7%) and the minority required assistance (11.7-40.4%). The prevalence of probable depression ranged from 60.9% in chronic pain to 6.6% in ACHD. The prevalence of probable anxiety ranged from 25.1% in rheumatology to 11.4% in ACHD. CONCLUSION Web-based screening is acceptable to patients and can be effectively embedded in routine practice. General hospital patients are at increased risk of common mental disorder, and routine screening may help identify need, inform care and monitor outcomes.
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Ferrous iron formation following the co-aggregation of ferric iron and the Alzheimer's disease peptide β-amyloid (1-42). J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140165. [PMID: 24671940 PMCID: PMC4006257 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, a link between increased levels of iron and areas of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology has been recognized, including AD lesions comprised of the peptide β-amyloid (Aβ). Despite many observations of this association, the relationship between Aβ and iron is poorly understood. Using X-ray microspectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy and spectrophotometric iron(II) quantification techniques, we examine the interaction between Aβ(1–42) and synthetic iron(III), reminiscent of ferric iron stores in the brain. We report Aβ to be capable of accumulating iron(III) within amyloid aggregates, with this process resulting in Aβ-mediated reduction of iron(III) to a redox-active iron(II) phase. Additionally, we show that the presence of aluminium increases the reductive capacity of Aβ, enabling the redox cycling of the iron. These results demonstrate the ability of Aβ to accumulate iron, offering an explanation for previously observed local increases in iron concentration associated with AD lesions. Furthermore, the ability of iron to form redox-active iron phases from ferric precursors provides an origin both for the redox-active iron previously witnessed in AD tissue, and the increased levels of oxidative stress characteristic of AD. These interactions between Aβ and iron deliver valuable insights into the process of AD progression, which may ultimately provide targets for disease therapies.
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First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford underground research facility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:091303. [PMID: 24655239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6 × 10(-46) cm(2) at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c(2). We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.
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Measurement of the inclusiveνμcharged current cross section on carbon in the near detector of the T2K experiment. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.87.092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
A five-year-old female boxer presented with a swelling in the area of the caudal mammary gland. The mass was surgically excised and histopathological examination revealed a poorly demarcated lesion, extending into mammary tissue and infiltrating the sinuses of adjacent lymph nodes. The diagnosis was lymphangiosarcoma. Full blood work, thoracic radiographs, abdominal and scar ultrasound were unremarkable, apart from possible inflammatory reactions in the latter and reactive/metastatic changes in inguinal lymph nodes. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in a 6-month recurrence free interval. At relapse, the dog was treated with metronomic chemotherapy using chlorambucil and meloxicam, which failed to adequately control the disease. Toceranib phosphate was introduced and resulted in almost complete regression of the mass, leaving just a skin plaque. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report describing the use of two novel therapeutic approaches to treat canine lymphangiosarcoma that resulted in a higher than previously described survival time.
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Case Reports * 1. A Late Presentation of Loeys-Dietz Syndrome: Beware of TGF Receptor Mutations in Benign Joint Hypermobility. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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ASCORE: an up-to-date cardiovascular risk score for hypertensive patients reflecting contemporary clinical practice developed using the (ASCOT-BPLA) trial data. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:492-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The utility of staging in canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:287-98. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Efficient transfection of MG-63 osteoblasts using magnetic nanoparticles and oscillating magnetic fields. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:169-75. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Intentional marginal excision of canine limb soft tissue sarcomas followed by radiotherapy. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:174-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Indication of electron neutrino appearance from an accelerator-produced off-axis muon neutrino beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:041801. [PMID: 21866992 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment observes indications of ν(μ) → ν(e) appearance in data accumulated with 1.43×10(20) protons on target. Six events pass all selection criteria at the far detector. In a three-flavor neutrino oscillation scenario with |Δm(23)(2)| = 2.4×10(-3) eV(2), sin(2)2θ(23) = 1 and sin(2)2θ(13) = 0, the expected number of such events is 1.5±0.3(syst). Under this hypothesis, the probability to observe six or more candidate events is 7×10(-3), equivalent to 2.5σ significance. At 90% C.L., the data are consistent with 0.03(0.04) < sin(2)2θ(13) < 0.28(0.34) for δ(CP) = 0 and a normal (inverted) hierarchy.
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Abstract
Tumour suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) is a tumour-suppressor gene coding for an adhesion molecule that is expressed by mast cells. Reduced TSLC1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in several human tumours, and this study sought to investigate if TSLC1 expression could be used to predict outcome in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs). Sections of MCTs of different tumour grades from 45 dogs (Group 1) were immunohistochemically assessed for TSLC1 and Ki67 expression. In addition, 35 intermediate-grade MCTs (Group 2) from dogs with known clinical follow-up were immunohistochemically stained for TSLC1 and Ki67. The TSLC1 staining intensity was found to strongly inversely correlate with tumour grade for Group 1 (P = 0.002857). For Group 2 there was a trend towards dogs with lower TSLC1 scores being more likely to die from MCT-related disease (P = 0.058). The intensity of TSLC1 staining inversely correlated with Ki67 expression for both groups.
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Evaluation of the magnetic field requirements for nanomagnetic gene transfection. NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5167. [PMID: 22110859 PMCID: PMC3215215 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to examine the effects of magnet distance (and by proxy, field strength) on nanomagnetic transfection efficiency.
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Abstract
A cohort study of 174 flat-coated retrievers was undertaken to establish the importance of cancer in flat coat mortality in terms of the prevalence of neoplasia in the breed and also the relative effect of cancer on lifespan in relation to other forms of mortality. Dogs aged 2-7 years were recruited in 1996 and followed until 2007. An annual health census was used to collect the data. Two dogs were lost to follow-up and 72 dogs (42%) died from confirmed neoplasia. Twenty dogs (11.6%) died of unconfirmed tumours and 61 (35%) died from non-neoplastic conditions. The cause of death was unknown for 19 dogs. Soft tissue sarcoma (especially histiocytic sarcoma) was the predominant cancer type, affecting 32 dogs (44% of neoplasms). Six dogs died with malignant melanoma and three with lymphoma. Median age at death was 9 years for dogs with tumours (eight for sarcoma patients) and 12 years for non-neoplastic fatalities. The results confirm that soft tissue sarcoma, particularly histiocytic sarcoma, is a major cause of mortality in this breed.
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Chlorambucil and prednisolone chemotherapy for dogs with inoperable mast cell tumours: 21 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:284-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Transcriptome profiling of Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis reveals fundamental differences between immune gene expression in the mammary gland and in a primary cell culture model. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:117-29. [PMID: 19109270 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a prevalent causative organism of mastitis and resides naturally in the environment of the dairy cow making prevention of the disease difficult. A bovine cDNA microarray comprising approximately 22,000 expressed sequence tags was used to evaluate the transcriptional changes that occur in the mammary gland after the onset of clinical Strep. uberis mastitis. Five lactating Friesian heifers were intramammary infused in an uninfected quarter with approximately 1,000 to 1,500 cfu of a wild-type strain of Strep. uberis. Microarray results showed that Strep. uberis mastitis led to the differential expression of more than 2,200 genes by greater than 1.5-fold compared with noninfected control quarters. The most highly upregulated genes were associated with the immune response, programmed cell death, and oxidative stress. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis confirmed the increase in mRNA expression of immune-related genes complement component 3, clusterin, IL-8, calgranulin C, IFN-gamma , IL-10, IL-1beta, IL-6, toll-like receptor-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum amyloid A3, lactoferrin, LPS-bonding protein, and oxidative stress-related genes metallothionein 1A and superoxide dimutase 2. In contrast, a decrease of mRNA levels was observed for the major milk protein genes. Bovine mammary epithelial cells in culture challenged with the same Strep. uberis strain used to induce clinical mastitis in the in vivo animal experiment did not cause a change in the mRNA levels of the immune-related genes. This suggests that the expression of immune-related genes by mammary epithelial cells may be initiated by host factors and not Strep. uberis. However, challenging epithelial cells with different Strep. uberis strains and Staphylococcus aureus resulted in an increase in the mRNA expression of a subset of the immune-related genes measured. In comparison, an Escherichia coli challenge caused an increase in the majority of immune-related genes measured. Results demonstrate the complexity of the bovine mammary gland immune response to an infecting pathogen and indicate that a coordinated response exists between the resident, recruited, and inducible immune factors.
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Uptake of systemically administered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in areas of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:153-7. [DOI: 10.1002/term.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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