1
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Harding CM, Nasr MA, Scott NE, Goyette-Desjardins G, Nothaft H, Mayer AE, Chavez SM, Huynh JP, Kinsella RL, Szymanski CM, Stallings CL, Segura M, Feldman MF. A platform for glycoengineering a polyvalent pneumococcal bioconjugate vaccine using E. coli as a host. Nat Commun 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 30792408 PMCID: PMC6385209 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of conjugate vaccines, consisting of a polysaccharide linked to a protein, can be technically challenging, and in vivo bacterial conjugations (bioconjugations) have emerged as manufacturing alternatives. Bioconjugation relies upon an oligosaccharyltransferase to attach polysaccharides to proteins, but currently employed enzymes are not suitable for the generation of conjugate vaccines when the polysaccharides contain glucose at the reducing end, which is the case for ~75% of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsules. Here, we use an O-linking oligosaccharyltransferase to generate a polyvalent pneumococcal bioconjugate vaccine with polysaccharides containing glucose at their reducing end. In addition, we show that different vaccine carrier proteins can be glycosylated using this system. Pneumococcal bioconjugates are immunogenic, protective and rapidly produced within E. coli using recombinant techniques. These proof-of-principle experiments establish a platform to overcome limitations of other conjugating enzymes enabling the development of bioconjugate vaccines for many important human and animal pathogens. Bioconjugation is a promising process to manufacture conjugate vaccines, but currently employed enzymes cannot generate the full spectrum of bacterial glycoproteins. Here, the authors use an O-linking oligosaccharyltransferase to generate a polyvalent pneumococcal bioconjugate vaccine with polysaccharides containing glucose at their reducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.,Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte Street, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Harald Nothaft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anne E Mayer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sthefany M Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rachel L Kinsella
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte Street, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mario F Feldman
- VaxNewMo LLC, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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2
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Huynh JP, Lin CC, Kimmey JM, Jarjour NN, Schwarzkopf EA, Bradstreet TR, Shchukina I, Shpynov O, Weaver CT, Taneja R, Artyomov MN, Edelson BT, Stallings CL. Bhlhe40 is an essential repressor of IL-10 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1823-1838. [PMID: 29773644 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine IL-10 antagonizes pathways that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Nevertheless, the impact of IL-10 during Mtb infection has been difficult to decipher because loss-of-function studies in animal models have yielded only mild phenotypes. We have discovered that the transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) is required to repress Il10 expression during Mtb infection. Loss of Bhlhe40 in mice results in higher Il10 expression, higher bacterial burden, and early susceptibility similar to that observed in mice lacking IFN-γ. Deletion of Il10 in Bhlhe40-/- mice reverses these phenotypes. Bhlhe40 deletion in T cells or CD11c+ cells is sufficient to cause susceptibility to Mtb Bhlhe40 represents the first transcription factor found to be essential during Mtb infection to specifically regulate Il10 expression, revealing the importance of strict control of IL-10 production by innate and adaptive immune cells during infection. Our findings uncover a previously elusive but significant role for IL-10 in Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jacqueline M Kimmey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elizabeth A Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tara R Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Oleg Shpynov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,JetBrains Research, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Yokoyama CC, Baldridge MT, Leung DW, Zhao G, Desai C, Liu TC, Diaz-Ochoa VE, Huynh JP, Kimmey JM, Sennott EL, Hole CR, Idol RA, Park S, Storek KM, Wang C, Hwang S, Viehmann Milam A, Chen E, Kerrinnes T, Starnbach MN, Handley SA, Mysorekar IU, Allen PM, Monack DM, Dinauer MC, Doering TL, Tsolis RM, Dworkin JE, Stallings CL, Amarasinghe GK, Micchelli CA, Virgin HW. LysMD3 is a type II membrane protein without an in vivo role in the response to a range of pathogens. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6022-6038. [PMID: 29496999 PMCID: PMC5912457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline-encoded receptors recognizing common pathogen-associated molecular patterns are a central element of the innate immune system and play an important role in shaping the host response to infection. Many of the innate immune molecules central to these signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved. LysMD3 is a novel molecule containing a putative peptidoglycan-binding domain that has orthologs in humans, mice, zebrafish, flies, and worms. We found that the lysin motif (LysM) of LysMD3 is likely related to a previously described peptidoglycan-binding LysM found in bacteria. Mouse LysMD3 is a type II integral membrane protein that co-localizes with GM130+ structures, consistent with localization to the Golgi apparatus. We describe here two lines of mLysMD3-deficient mice for in vivo characterization of mLysMD3 function. We found that mLysMD3-deficient mice were born at Mendelian ratios and had no obvious pathological abnormalities. They also exhibited no obvious immune response deficiencies in a number of models of infection and inflammation. mLysMD3-deficient mice exhibited no signs of intestinal dysbiosis by 16S analysis or alterations in intestinal gene expression by RNA sequencing. We conclude that mLysMD3 contains a LysM with cytoplasmic orientation, but we were unable to define a physiological role for the molecule in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisy W Leung
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
| | - Chandni Desai
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
| | - Vladimir E Diaz-Ochoa
- the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95161
| | | | | | - Erica L Sennott
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | | | - Sunmin Park
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
| | | | | | - Seungmin Hwang
- the Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | - Eric Chen
- the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Tobias Kerrinnes
- the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95161
| | - Michael N Starnbach
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Indira U Mysorekar
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | - Paul M Allen
- From the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and
| | - Denise M Monack
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | | | | | - Renee M Tsolis
- the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95161
| | - Jonathan E Dworkin
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, and
| | | | | | - Craig A Micchelli
- Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
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4
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Nair S, Huynh JP, Lampropoulou V, Loginicheva E, Esaulova E, Gounder AP, Boon ACM, Schwarzkopf EA, Bradstreet TR, Edelson BT, Artyomov MN, Stallings CL, Diamond MS. Irg1 expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1035-1045. [PMID: 29511063 PMCID: PMC5881474 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nair et al. define a key role for Irg1 in minimizing the pathological immune response associated with Mtb infection. Using Irg1−/− and Irg1fl/fl conditional mice, detailed immune cell analysis, and transcriptional profiling, their data supports a model where Irg1 expression in myeloid cell subsets tempers inflammation and controls the recruitment and infection of neutrophils during Mtb infection. Immune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions, principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through its inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1−/− mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1−/−, but not WT, mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1fl/fl, Mrp8-Cre Irg1fl/fl, and CD11c-Cre Irg1fl/fl conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA sequencing analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, an Irg1 regulatory axis modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Nair
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vicky Lampropoulou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ekaterina Loginicheva
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anshu P Gounder
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elizabeth A Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tara R Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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5
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McBurney SP, Sunshine JE, Gabriel S, Huynh JP, Sutton WF, Fuller DH, Haigwood NL, Messer WB. Evaluation of protection induced by a dengue virus serotype 2 envelope domain III protein scaffold/DNA vaccine in non-human primates. Vaccine 2016; 34:3500-7. [PMID: 27085173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preclinical development of a dengue virus vaccine targeting the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) envelope domain III (EDIII). This study provides proof-of-principle that a dengue EDIII protein scaffold/DNA vaccine can protect against dengue challenge. The dengue vaccine (EDIII-E2) is composed of both a protein particle and a DNA expression plasmid delivered simultaneously via intramuscular injection (protein) and gene gun (DNA) into rhesus macaques. The protein component can contain a maximum of 60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 proteins. The DNA component is composed of the EDIII portion of the envelope gene cloned into an expression plasmid. The EDIII-E2 vaccine elicited robust antibody responses to DENV2, with neutralizing antibody responses detectable following the first boost and reaching titers of greater than 1:100,000 following the second and final boost. Vaccinated and naïve groups of macaques were challenged with DENV2. All vaccinated macaques were protected from detectable viremia by infectious assay, while naïve animals had detectable viremia for 2-7 days post-challenge. All naïve macaques had detectable viral RNA from day 2-10 post-challenge. In the EDIII-E2 group, three macaques were negative for viral RNA and three were found to have detectable viral RNA post challenge. Viremia onset was delayed and the duration was shortened relative to naïve controls. The presence of viral RNA post-challenge corresponded to a 10-30-fold boost in neutralization titers 28 days post challenge, whereas no boost was observed in the fully protected animals. Based on these results, we determine that pre-challenge 50% neutralization titers of >1:6000 correlated with sterilizing protection against DENV2 challenge in EDIII-E2 vaccinated macaques. Identification of the critical correlate of protection for the EDIII-E2 platform in the robust non-human primate model lays the groundwork for further development of a tetravalent EDIII-E2 dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McBurney
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Justine E Sunshine
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William F Sutton
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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6
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Kimmey JM, Huynh JP, Weiss LA, Park S, Kambal A, Debnath J, Virgin HW, Stallings CL. Unique role for ATG5 in neutrophil-mediated immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection. Nature 2015; 528:565-9. [PMID: 26649827 PMCID: PMC4842313 DOI: 10.1038/nature16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a major global health threat, replicates in macrophages (MΦ) in part by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion, until IFN-γ activates the MΦ to traffic Mtb to the lysosome. How IFN-γ elicits this effect is unknown, but many studies suggest a role for macroautophagy (autophagy herein), a cellular process by which cytoplasmic contents are sequestered into an autophagosome and targeted for lysosomal degradation1. The involvement of autophagy has been defined based on studies in cultured MΦ or dendritic cells (DC) where Mtb colocalizes with autophagy (ATG) factors ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, p62, NDP52, Beclin1 and LC32–6, stimulation of autophagy increases bacterial killing6–8, and inhibition of autophagy allows for increased bacterial survival1,2,4,6,7. Notably, these studies reveal modest (e.g. 1.5- to 3-fold change) effects on Mtb replication. In contrast, Atg5fl/fl-LysM-Cre mice lacking ATG5 in monocyte-derived cells and neutrophils (polymorphic mononuclear cells, PMN) succumb to Mtb within 30 days4,9, an extremely severe phenotype similar to mice lacking IFN-γ signaling10,11. Importantly, ATG5 is the only ATG factor that has been studied during Mtb infection in vivo and autophagy-independent functions of ATG5 have been described12–18. For this reason, we used a genetic approach to elucidate the role for multiple ATG genes and the requirement for autophagy in resistance to Mtb infection in vivo. We have discovered that, contrary to expectation, autophagic capacity does not correlate with the outcome of Mtb infection. Instead, ATG5 plays a unique role in protection against Mtb by preventing PMN-mediated immunopathology. Furthermore, while ATG5 is dispensable in alveolar MΦ during Mtb infection, loss of Atg5 in PMN can sensitize mice to Mtb. These findings shift our understanding of the role of ATG5 during Mtb infection, reveal a new outcome of ATG5 activity, and shed light on early events in innate immunity that are required to regulate tuberculosis disease pathology and Mtb replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Kimmey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Leslie A Weiss
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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7
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Messer WB, de Alwis R, Yount BL, Royal SR, Huynh JP, Smith SA, Crowe JE, Doranz BJ, Kahle KM, Pfaff JM, White LJ, Sariol CA, de Silva AM, Baric RS. Dengue virus envelope protein domain I/II hinge determines long-lived serotype-specific dengue immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1939-44. [PMID: 24385585 PMCID: PMC3918811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317350111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4, are endemic throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with an estimated 390 million acute infections annually. Infection confers long-term protective immunity against the infecting serotype, but secondary infection with a different serotype carries a greater risk of potentially fatal severe dengue disease, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The single most effective measure to control this threat to global health is a tetravalent DENV vaccine. To date, attempts to develop a protective vaccine have progressed slowly, partly because the targets of type-specific human neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which are critical for long-term protection, remain poorly defined, impeding our understanding of natural immunity and hindering effective vaccine development. Here, we show that the envelope glycoprotein domain I/II hinge of DENV-3 and DENV-4 is the primary target of the long-term type-specific NAb response in humans. Transplantation of a DENV-4 hinge into a recombinant DENV-3 virus showed that the hinge determines the serotype-specific neutralizing potency of primary human and nonhuman primate DENV immune sera and that the hinge region both induces NAbs and is targeted by protective NAbs in rhesus macaques. These results suggest that the success of live dengue vaccines may depend on their ability to stimulate NAbs that target the envelope glycoprotein domain I/II hinge region. More broadly, this study shows that complex conformational antibody epitopes can be transplanted between live viruses, opening up similar possibilities for improving the breadth and specificity of vaccines for influenza, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and other clinically important viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Boyd L. Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Scott R. Royal
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeremy P. Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | - James E. Crowe
- Pediatrics, and
- Pathology and
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | | | | | - Laura J. White
- Global Vaccines, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Carlos A. Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and
- Departments of Microbiology and Medical Zoology and
- Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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8
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Zhou Y, Austin SK, Fremont DH, Yount BL, Huynh JP, de Silva AM, Baric RS, Messer WB. The mechanism of differential neutralization of dengue serotype 3 strains by monoclonal antibody 8A1. Virology 2013; 439:57-64. [PMID: 23453578 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have demonstrated that envelope (E) glycoprotein variation between dengue viruses (DENV) genotypes can influence antibody neutralization potency, the mechanisms of variable neutralization remain incompletely understood. Here we characterize epitope antibody interactions of a DENV-3 EDIII binding mouse mAb 8A1 which displays highly variable neutralizing activity against DENV-3 genotypes. Using a DENV-3 reverse genetics platform, we characterize ability of 8A1 to bind and neutralize naturally occurring DENV-3 E genotypic variant viruses. Introduction of single and multiple amino acid mutations into the parental clone background demonstrates that mutations at positions 301 and 383 on EDIII are responsible for 8A1 differential neutralization phenotypes. ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies indicate differences in binding are responsible for the variable neutralization. Variability at position 301 primarily determined binding difference through influencing antibody-EDIII dissociation rate. Our findings are relevant to many groups focusing on DENV EDIII as a vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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9
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Messer WB, Yount B, Hacker KE, Donaldson EF, Huynh JP, de Silva AM, Baric RS. Development and characterization of a reverse genetic system for studying dengue virus serotype 3 strain variation and neutralization. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1486. [PMID: 22389731 PMCID: PMC3289595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. There are four genetically distinct serotypes designated DENV-1 through DENV-4, each further subdivided into distinct genotypes. The dengue scientific community has long contended that infection with one serotype confers lifelong protection against subsequent infection with the same serotype, irrespective of virus genotype. However this hypothesis is under increased scrutiny and the role of DENV genotypic variation in protection from repeated infection is less certain. As dengue vaccine trials move increasingly into field-testing, there is an urgent need to develop tools to better define the role of genotypic variation in DENV infection and immunity. To better understand genotypic variation in DENV-3 neutralization and protection, we designed and constructed a panel of isogenic, recombinant DENV-3 infectious clones, each expressing an envelope glycoprotein from a different DENV-3 genotype; Philippines 1982 (genotype I), Thailand 1995 (genotype II), Sri Lanka 1989 and Cuba 2002 (genotype III) and Puerto Rico 1977 (genotype IV). We used the panel to explore how natural envelope variation influences DENV-polyclonal serum interactions. When the recombinant viruses were tested in neutralization assays using immune sera from primary DENV infections, neutralization titers varied by as much as ∼19-fold, depending on the expressed envelope glycoprotein. The observed variability in neutralization titers suggests that relatively few residue changes in the E glycoprotein may have significant effects on DENV specific humoral immunity and influence antibody mediated protection or disease enhancement in the setting of both natural infection and vaccination. These genotypic differences are also likely to be important in temporal and spatial microevolution of DENV-3 in the background of heterotypic neutralization. The recombinant and synthetic tools described here are valuable for testing hypotheses on genetic determinants of DENV-3 immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Messer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kari E. Hacker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric F. Donaldson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P. Huynh
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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