1
|
Chen WH, Li Y, Yang L, Allen JM, Shao H, Donahoo WT, Billelo L, Hu X, Shenkman EA, Bian J, Smith SM, Guo J. Geographic variation and racial disparities in adoption of newer glucose-lowering drugs with cardiovascular benefits among US Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297208. [PMID: 38285682 PMCID: PMC10824445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown disparities in the uptake of cardioprotective newer glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs), including sodium-glucose cotranwsporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1a). This study aimed to characterize geographic variation in the initiation of newer GLDs and the geographic variation in the disparities in initiating these medications. METHODS Using 2017-2018 claims data from a 15% random nationwide sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries, we identified individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who had ≥1 GLD prescriptions, and did not use SGLT2i or GLP1a in the year prior to the index date,1/1/2018. Patients were followed up for a year. The cohort was spatiotemporally linked to Dartmouth hospital-referral regions (HRRs), with each patient assigned to 1 of 306 HRRs. We performed multivariable Poisson regression to estimate adjusted initiation rates, and multivariable logistic regression to assess racial disparities in each HRR. RESULTS Among 795,469 individuals with T2D included in the analyses, the mean (SD) age was 73 (10) y, 53.3% were women, 12.2% were non-Hispanic Black, and 7.2% initiated a newer GLD in the follow-up year. In the adjusted model including clinical factors, compared to non-Hispanic White patients, non-Hispanic Black (initiation rate ratio, IRR [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.64-0.68]), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.74 [0.66-0.82]), Hispanic (0.85 [0.82-0.87]), and Asian/Pacific islander (0.94 [0.89-0.98]) patients were less likely to initiate newer GLDs. Significant geographic variation was observed across HRRs, with an initiation rate spanning 2.7%-13.6%. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered substantial geographic variation and the racial disparities in initiating newer GLDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lanting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hui Shao
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollin School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William T. Donahoo
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lori Billelo
- Office of Research Affairs, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Shenkman
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Allen JM, Cavanaugh TM, Hathorn T, Awunti M, Whitner C, Venugopalan V, Ozimek M, Butler LM, Buring SM. Exploring Trends in Social Vulnerability for Pharmacy Students at a Large Public University. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100551. [PMID: 37336326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe trends in social vulnerability (SV) among pharmacy students at a large public college of pharmacy, and to describe differences in SV by race and ethnicity using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). METHODS The SVI was determined for each student admitted between Fall 2017 and Fall 2022 using the submitted permanent address for each student in a deidentified fashion. International students and students not from the 50 US states were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS During the study period, 1427 pharmacy students met the study inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Students from historically minoritized populations accounted for 53.4% (n = 763/1427) of students. The median SVI score for all students was 0.4091 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.2091-0.6395), which is consistent with low/moderate SV risk. When considering SVI by race, students from historically minoritized populations had a higher median SVI (0.4807 [IQR: 0.2791-0.7071] vs 0.3562 [IQR: 0.1561-0.5523]), and were more likely to come from moderate/high SV regions compared with White students (odds ratio 2.00 [95% confidence interval: 1.609-2.486]). CONCLUSION Among pharmacy students at a large public university, a substantial proportion of students had moderate/high SV risk, particularly those from historically minoritized backgrounds. Colleges and schools of pharmacy need to consider the unique needs of students from high SV backgrounds and provide intentional equity-based mitigation strategies to maximize the potential for student success for all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Allen
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Tyisha Hathorn
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Chardae Whitner
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Milena Ozimek
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Shauna M Buring
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Allen JM, Awunti M, Guo Y, Bian J, Rogers SC, Scarton L, DeRemer DL, Wilkie DJ. Unraveling Racial Disparities in Supportive Care Medication Use among End-of-Life Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Focus on Pain Management and Psychiatric Therapies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1675-1682. [PMID: 37788369 PMCID: PMC10690138 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supportive care medication use differences may contribute to racial disparities observed in health-related quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS In this observation study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, we sought to examine supportive care medication use disparities in patients with pancreatic cancer from 2005 to 2017 by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Among 74,309 patients included in the final analysis, racial and ethnic disparities in the use of supportive care medications were identified. After adjustment for confounding factors and compared with non-Hispanic Whites, minorities had significantly less use of opioids [Black: adjusted OR (aOR), 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-0.88; Asian: aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90), and skeletomuscular relaxants (Black: aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99; Hispanic: aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91; Asian: aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51-0.68), and increased use of non-opioid analgesics (Hispanic: aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14; Asian: aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). Racial and ethnic minorities had less use of antidepressants (Black: aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.53-0.59; Hispanic: aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.82; Asian: aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.44-0.51), anxiolytics (Black: aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.82; Hispanic: aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.62-0.71; Asian: aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.48-0.57), and antipsychotics (Hispanic: aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99; Asian: aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of supportive care medications among patients with pancreatic cancer were observed, with the differences unexplained by sociodemographic factors. IMPACT Future studies should identify strategies to promote equitable use of supportive care medications among racial minorities and explore factors that may influence their use in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, Florida
| | - MegCholack Awunti
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, Florida
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sherise C. Rogers
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lisa Scarton
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David L. DeRemer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Diana J. Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Whitner C, Curtis SD, Allen JM, Duane KJ. Community Champions: The Crucial Contribution of an Independent Pharmacy in COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts in an Underserved Community. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6881. [PMID: 37835151 PMCID: PMC10572971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, pharmacists in independent community pharmacies have been pivotal in promoting community health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, they demonstrated their commitment by advocating for vaccination and providing accessible care, particularly in underserved communities. By addressing disparities, implementing strategies like mobile clinics and community outreach, and fostering trust and engagement, independent community pharmacists played a crucial role in bridging gaps in healthcare access for vulnerable populations and mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chardaé Whitner
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translation Research, Jacksonville Campus, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 580 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Stacey D. Curtis
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translation Research, Gainesville Campus, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translation Research, Orlando Campus, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Rd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Kevin J. Duane
- Panama Pharmacy, 7307 N. Main St, Jacksonville, FL 32208, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Allen JM, Surajbali D, Nguyen DQ, Kuczek J, Tran M, Hachey B, Feild C, Shoulders BR, Smith SM, Voils SA. Impact of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosing in Septic Shock Patients Using Real-World Evidence: An Observational, Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann Pharmacother 2023; 57:653-661. [PMID: 36154486 PMCID: PMC10433263 DOI: 10.1177/10600280221125919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and septic shock are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential, as inadequate therapy early during septic shock has been shown to increase the risk of mortality. However, despite the importance of appropriate antibiotic initiation, in clinical practice, concerns for renal dysfunction frequently lead to antibiotic dose reduction, with scant evidence on the impact of this practice in septic shock patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose if this article is to investigate the rate and impact of piperacillin-tazobactam dose adjustment in early phase septic shock patients using real-world electronic health record (EHR) data. METHODS A multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted of septic shock patients who received at least 48 hours of piperacillin-tazobactam therapy and concomitant receipt of norepinephrine. Subjects were stratified into 2 groups according to their cumulative 48-hour piperacillin-tazobactam dose: low piperacillin-tazobactam dosing (LOW; <27 g) group and normal piperacillin-tazobactam dosing (NORM; ≥27 g) group. To account for potential confounding variables, propensity score matching was used. The primary study outcome was 28-day norepinephrine-free days (NFD). RESULTS In all, 1279 patients met study criteria. After propensity score matching (n = 608), the NORM group had more median NFD (23.9 days [interquartile range, IQR: 0-27] vs 13.6 days [IQR: 0-27], P = 0.021). The NORM group also had lower rates of in-hospital mortality/hospice disposition (25.9% [n = 79] vs 35.5% [n = 108]), P = 0.014). Other secondary outcomes were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In the propensity score-matched cohort, the NORM group had significantly more 28-day NFD. Piperacillin-tazobactam dose reduction in early phase septic shock is associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Clinicians should be vigilant to avoid piperacillin-tazobactam dose reduction in early phase septic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maithi Tran
- Winter Haven Hospital, Winter Haven, FL, USA
| | | | - Carinda Feild
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bethany R. Shoulders
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Steven M. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stacy A. Voils
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism Medical Science Liaison, Syneos Health/Janssen, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Whitner C, Soucie J, Vandervoort L, Tabowei P, Mostafa N, Curtis S, Allen JM, Cavanaugh T, Egelund EF. Didactic education for the deaf or hard of hearing learner in a pharmacy curriculum: Commentary. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2023; 15:S1877-1297(23)00079-5. [PMID: 37105797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a long-standing commitment in higher education to provide parallel experiences for students with disabilities, including those with hearing disabilities or impairments. The commitment remains the same in professional pharmacy school education, with the objective to train competent clinical pharmacy practitioners. COMMENTARY Limited literature exists to provide schools and colleges of pharmacy (S/COP) with best practices when accommodating students who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHOH) in the didactic pharmacy curriculum. The authors will examine practices implemented at the COP to accommodate students with either a DHOH disability. IMPLICATIONS Students who are DHOH in didactic pharmacy education require individualized assistance to help ensure success throughout the program. A collaborative approach between the student, disability resources, student affairs office, faculty, and staff help ensure accommodations are met and fosters a culture of inclusiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chardaé Whitner
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 580 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States.
| | - Janel Soucie
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, 6550 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Lisa Vandervoort
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, 6550 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Pamela Tabowei
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, 6550 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Noor Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 580 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| | - Stacey Curtis
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - John M Allen
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, 6550 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Teresa Cavanaugh
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Eric F Egelund
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 580 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cavallari LH, Limdi NA, Beitelshees AL, Lee JC, Duarte JD, Franchi F, Tuteja S, Giri J, Empey PE, Kreutz RP, Skaar TC, Allen JM, Coons JC, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Stevenson JM, Thomas CD, Johnson JA, Stouffer GA, Angiolillo DJ, Lee CR. Evaluation of Potential Racial Disparities in CYP2C19-Guided P2Y 12 Inhibitor Prescribing After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:615-623. [PMID: 36306392 PMCID: PMC9957848 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Black patients suffer worse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than White patients. Inequities in antiplatelet prescribing may contribute to this health disparity. We compared P2Y12 inhibitor prescribing by race following CYP2C19 genotyping to guide antiplatelet therapy selection after PCI. Patients from 9 sites that performed clinical CYP2C19 genotyping after PCI were included. Alternative therapy (e.g., prasugrel or ticagrelor) was recommended for CYP2C19 no-function allele carriers, in whom clopidogrel is predicted to be less effective. The primary outcome was choice of P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel vs. alternative therapy) based on genotype. Of 3,342 patients included, 2,448 (73%) were White, and 659 (20%) were Black. More Black than White patients had a no-function allele (34.3% vs. 29.7%, P = 0.024). At hospital discharge following PCI, 44.2% of Black and 44.0% of White no-function allele carriers were prescribed alternative therapy. At the time of the last follow-up within 12 months, numerically fewer Black (51.8%) than White (56.7%) no-function allele carriers were prescribed alternative therapy (P = 0.190). However, the difference was not significant after accounting for other factors associated with P2Y12 inhibitor selection (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.58-1.08). Alternative therapy use did not differ between Black (14.3%) and White (16.7%) patients without a no-function allele (P = 0.232). Among real-world patients who received CYP2C19 testing after PCI, P2Y12 inhibitor prescribing rates did not differ between Black and White patients. Our data suggest an absence of racial disparity in genotype-guided antiplatelet prescribing among patients receiving CYP2C19 testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, Program for Translational Pharmacogenomics and Hugh Kaul Personalized Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Amber L. Beitelshees
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James C. Lee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Julio D. Duarte
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Francesco Franchi
- University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sony Tuteja
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jay Giri
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Philip E. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Todd C. Skaar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL
| | - James C. Coons
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Caitrin W. McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - James M. Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cameron D. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - George A. Stouffer
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Craig R. Lee
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reams RR, Odedina FT, Carpten JD, Redda K, Stern MC, Krieger JL, Aparicio J, Hensel B, Askins N, Abreu A, Adams A, Agyare E, Ali J, Allen JM, Aló R, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Brant J, Brown CP, Buxbaum SG, Cohen P, Cozen W, Ezenwa MO, Falzarano S, Fillingim RB, Flores-Rozas H, Fredenburg KM, George T, Han B, Huang Y, Hughes Halbert C, Kiros GE, Lamango NS, Lee JH, Lyon DE, Mitchell DA, Mochona B, Nieva JJ, Offringa IA, Okunieff P, Parker A, Rhie SK, Richey JM, Rogers SC, Salhia B, Schmittgen TD, Segal R, Setiawan VW, Smith U, Su LM, Suther S, Trevino J, Velazquez-Villarreal EI, Webb FJ, Wu AH, Yao Y, Wilkie DJ. Florida-California Cancer Research, Education and Engagement (CaRE 2) Health Equity Center: Structure, Innovations, and Initial Outcomes. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231197878. [PMID: 37703814 PMCID: PMC10501072 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231197878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Florida-California Cancer Research, Education, and Engagement (CaRE2) Health Equity Center is a triad partnership committed to increasing institutional capacity for cancer disparity research, the diversity of the cancer workforce, and community empowerment. This article provides an overview of the structure, process innovations, and initial outcomes from the first 4 years of the CaRE2 triad partnership. METHODS CaRE2 serves diverse populations in Florida and California using a "molecule to the community and back" model. We prioritize research on the complex intersection of biological, environmental, and social determinants health, working together with scientific and health disparities communities, sharing expertise across institutions, bidirectional training, and community outreach. Partnership progress and outcomes were assessed using mixed methods and four Program Steering Committee meetings. RESULTS Research capacity was increased through development of a Living Repository of 81 cancer model systems from minority patients for novel cancer drug development. CaRE2 funded 15 scientific projects resulting in 38 publications. Workforce diversity entailed supporting 94 cancer trainees (92 URM) and 34 ESIs (32 URM) who coauthored 313 CaRE2-related publications and received 48 grants. Community empowerment was promoted via outreaching to more than 3000 individuals, training 145 community cancer advocates (including 28 Community Scientist Advocates), and publishing 10 community reports. CaRE2 members and trainees together have published 639 articles, received 61 grants, and 57 awards. CONCLUSION The CaRE2 partnership has achieved its initial aims. Infrastructure for translational cancer research was expanded at one partner institution, and cancer disparities research was expanded at the two cancer centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Renee Reams
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - John D. Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kinfe Redda
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janice L. Krieger
- Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Aparicio
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Hensel
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nissa Askins
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andre Abreu
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward Agyare
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jamel Ali
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Richard Aló
- College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Brant
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Clyde P. Brown
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Sarah G. Buxbaum
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miriam O. Ezenwa
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara Falzarano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger B. Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hernan Flores-Rozas
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristianna M. Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas George
- Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Departments of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gebre-Egziabher Kiros
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nazarius S. Lamango
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Debra E. Lyon
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bereket Mochona
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Jorge J. Nieva
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ite A. Offringa
- Departments of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Parker
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Suhn K. Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joyce M. Richey
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sherise C. Rogers
- Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Segal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcome and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ukamaka Smith
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Li-Ming Su
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Suther
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Fern J. Webb
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yingwei Yao
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Diana J. Wilkie
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Awunti M, DeRemer DL, Rogers S, Scarton L, Adkins L, WIlkie DJ, Allen JM. A Scoping Review on the Relationship between Race/Ethnicity and the Receipt of Supportive Care Medications during Cancer Treatment: Implications for the Clinical Pharmacist. J Am Coll Clin Pharm 2022; 5:1284-1296. [PMID: 36844700 PMCID: PMC9957233 DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is surmounting levels of evidence on the health disparities within cancer treatment in the United States (US). Most of the research focused on cancer specific factors including anticancer incidence, screening, treatment and follow-up, and clinical outcomes such as overall survival (OS). Less is known about the disparities present with supportive care medication use in cancer patients. Supportive care utilization during cancer treatment has been linked to improved quality of life (QoL) and OS among patients. The goal of this scoping review is to summarize findings of current literature on the relationship between race and ethnicity and the receipt of supportive care medications during cancer treatment for pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Our literature search included quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and grey literature written in the English language with clinically relevant outcomes pertaining to pain and CINV management in cancer treatment published from 2001-2021. Articles that met the predefined inclusion criteria were considered for inclusion in the analysis. The initial search yielded 308 studies. Following de-duplication and screening, 14 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria, with majority of the studies being quantitative studies (n=13). Collectively, results were mixed results regarding the presence of racial disparities for supportive care medication use. Half of the studies (n=7) supported this finding whereas, the other half (n=7) did not identify any racial disparities. In our review, multiple studies illustrate the existence of disparities in the use of supportive care medications in some cancer types. Clinical pharmacists should strive to eliminate supportive medication use disparities as part of a multidisciplinary team. In order to develop strategies to prevent supportive care medication use disparities in this population, further research and analysis of external factors that influence them are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MegCholack Awunti
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, Florida
| | - David L DeRemer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sherise Rogers
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lisa Scarton
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lauren Adkins
- University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Diana J WIlkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allen JM, Borja‐Hart N. Pharmacoequity and the clinical pharmacist: Why not us, why not now! J Am Coll Clin Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Allen
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Orlando Florida USA
| | - Nancy Borja‐Hart
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy Memphis Tennessee USA
- Novo Nordisk Inc. Plainsboro New Jersey USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ware J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell FM, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Davis N, DiMeglio LA, Mauras N, Besser REJ, Ghatak A, Weinzimer SA, Hood KK, Fox DS, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Hovorka R, Hovorka R, Acerini CL, Thankamony A, Allen JM, Boughton CK, Dovc K, Dunger DB, Ware J, Musolino G, Tauschmann M, Wilinska ME, Hayes JF, Hartnell S, Slegtenhorst S, Ruan Y, Haydock M, Mangat J, Denvir L, Kanthagnany SK, Law J, Randell T, Sachdev P, Saxton M, Coupe A, Stafford S, Ball A, Keeton R, Cresswell R, Crate L, Cripps H, Fazackerley H, Looby L, Navarra H, Saddington C, Smith V, Verhoeven V, Bratt S, Khan N, Moyes L, Sandhu K, West C, Wadwa RP, Alonso G, Forlenza G, Slover R, Towers L, Berget C, Coakley A, Escobar E, Jost E, Lange S, Messer L, Thivener K, Campbell FM, Yong J, Metcalfe E, Allen M, Ambler S, Waheed S, Exall J, Tulip J, Buckingham BA, Ekhlaspour L, Maahs D, Norlander L, Jacobson T, Twon M, Weir C, Leverenz B, Keller J, Davis N, Kumaran A, Trevelyan N, Dewar H, Price G, Crouch G, Ensom R, Haskell L, Lueddeke LM, Mauras N, Benson M, Bird K, Englert K, Permuy J, Ponthieux K, Marrero-Hernandez J, DiMeglio LA, Ismail H, Jolivette H, Sanchez J, Woerner S, Kirchner M, Mullen M, Tebbe M, Besser REJ, Basu S, London R, Makaya T, Ryan F, Megson C, Bowen-Morris J, Haest J, Law R, Stamford I, Ghatak A, Deakin M, Phelan K, Thornborough K, Shakeshaft J, Weinzimer SA, Cengiz E, Sherr JL, Van Name M, Weyman K, Carria L, Steffen A, Zgorski M, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Borgman S, Davis J, Rusnak J, Hellman A, Cheng P, Kanapka L, Kollman C, McCarthy C, Chalasani S, Hood KK, Hanes S, Viana J, Lanning M, Fox DS, Arreaza-Rubin G, Eggerman T, Green N, Janicek R, Gabrielson D, Belle SH, Castle J, Green J, Legault L, Willi SM, Wysham C. Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 6-month randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e245-e255. [PMID: 35272971 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Closed-loop insulin delivery systems have the potential to address suboptimal glucose control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We compared safety and efficacy of the Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm with usual care over 6 months in this population. METHODS In a multicentre, multinational, parallel randomised controlled trial, participants aged 6-18 years using insulin pump therapy were recruited at seven UK and five US paediatric diabetes centres. Key inclusion criteria were diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for at least 12 months, insulin pump therapy for at least 3 months, and screening HbA1c levels between 53 and 86 mmol/mol (7·0-10·0%). Using block randomisation and central randomisation software, we randomly assigned participants to either closed-loop insulin delivery (closed-loop group) or to usual care with insulin pump therapy (control group) for 6 months. Randomisation was stratified at each centre by local baseline HbA1c. The Cambridge closed-loop algorithm running on a smartphone was used with either (1) a modified Medtronic 640G pump, Medtronic Guardian 3 sensor, and Medtronic prototype phone enclosure (FlorenceM configuration), or (2) a Sooil Dana RS pump and Dexcom G6 sensor (CamAPS FX configuration). The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c at 6 months combining data from both configurations. The primary analysis was done in all randomised patients (intention to treat). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02925299. FINDINGS Of 147 people initially screened, 133 participants (mean age 13·0 years [SD 2·8]; 57% female, 43% male) were randomly assigned to either the closed-loop group (n=65) or the control group (n=68). Mean baseline HbA1c was 8·2% (SD 0·7) in the closed-loop group and 8·3% (0·7) in the control group. At 6 months, HbA1c was lower in the closed-loop group than in the control group (between-group difference -3·5 mmol/mol (95% CI -6·5 to -0·5 [-0·32 percentage points, -0·59 to -0·04]; p=0·023). Closed-loop usage was low with FlorenceM due to failing phone enclosures (median 40% [IQR 26-53]), but consistently high with CamAPS FX (93% [88-96]), impacting efficacy. A total of 155 adverse events occurred after randomisation (67 in the closed-loop group, 88 in the control group), including seven severe hypoglycaemia events (four in the closed-loop group, three in the control group), two diabetic ketoacidosis events (both in the closed-loop group), and two non-treatment-related serious adverse events. There were 23 reportable hyperglycaemia events (11 in the closed-loop group, 12 in the control group), which did not meet criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis. INTERPRETATION The Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm had an acceptable safety profile, and improved glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. To ensure optimal efficacy of the closed-loop system, usage needs to be consistently high, as demonstrated with CamAPS FX. FUNDING National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Allen JM, Balagtas M, Barajas E, Cano Macip C, Alvarez Zepeda S, Iberkleid I, Duncan EM, Zayas RM. RNAi Screen of RING/U-Box Domain Ubiquitin Ligases Identifies Critical Regulators of Tissue Regeneration in Planarians. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803419. [PMID: 35127720 PMCID: PMC8807557 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative processes depend on the interpretation of signals to coordinate cell behaviors. The role of ubiquitin-mediated signaling is known to be important in many cellular and biological contexts, but its role in regeneration is not well understood. To investigate how ubiquitylation impacts tissue regeneration in vivo, we are studying planarians that are capable of regenerating after nearly any injury using a population of stem cells. Here we used RNAi to screen RING/U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases that are highly expressed in planarian stem cells and stem cell progeny. RNAi screening identified nine genes with functions in regeneration, including the spliceosomal factor prpf19 and histone modifier rnf2; based on their known roles in developmental processes, we further investigated these two genes. We found that prpf19 was required for animal survival but not for stem cell maintenance, suggesting a role in promoting cell differentiation. Because RNF2 is the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), we also examined other putative members of this complex (CBX and PHC). We observed a striking phenotype of regional tissue misspecification in cbx and phc RNAi planarians. To identify genes regulated by PRC1, we performed RNA-seq after knocking down rnf2 or phc. Although these proteins are predicted to function in the same complex, we found that the set of genes differentially expressed in rnf2 versus phc RNAi were largely non-overlapping. Using in situ hybridization, we showed that rnf2 regulates gene expression levels within a tissue type, whereas phc is necessary for the spatial restriction of gene expression, findings consistent with their respective in vivo phenotypes. This work not only uncovered roles for RING/U-box E3 ligases in stem cell regulation and regeneration, but also identified differential gene targets for two putative PRC1 factors required for maintaining cell-type-specific gene expression in planarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
- Deparment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Madison Balagtas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Barajas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Cano Macip
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Ionit Iberkleid
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Duncan
- Deparment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marcia KM, Allen JM. Abstract PO-270: Evaluation of attitudes, beliefs and influences and their impact on HPV vaccination rates among minority health science students. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp21-po-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. The contraction of HPV is associated with the development of several different types of cancers, including anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancers. These cancers have proven to impact Black and Hispanic women disproportionately across the United States, suffering from high rates of HPV infection and high incidence of cervical cancer. Despite knowledge of this risk, HPV vaccination rates remain low among minority women. Personal beliefs and access surrounding HPV vaccination may be contributors to these disparities. This survey aims to study the motivations behind the choice to receive HPV vaccination among health science students. Health science students are the target for this study as they are uniquely situated as the future providers of their communities. If the study is able to gauge how they feel about HPV vaccination, then the scientific community can target interventions to impact change beginning with the providers themselves. Females specifically were chosen as they are the primary targets of HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination rates among female health science students are a secondary result. Methods: A 37-item electronic survey was sent out to female health science students at the University of Florida which include the schools of Dentistry, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Public Health, and Veterinary Science. The online survey was then distributed in July of 2021 through Qualtrics. The survey evaluated previous HPV knowledge, motivations for or against HPV vaccination, and beliefs surrounding HPV vaccination. Results: The survey was delivered and distributed in July of 2021. In this study there are four different types of questions analyzed to gather information on previous HPV knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and external influences. Results will be categorized and compared based on race/ethnicity. By analyzing these groups there is an opportunity to understand how one's racial or ethnic background can affect their medical decisions in health science students and the recommendations they give to others. Results are pending. Conclusion: This being the first study of its kind warrants further investigation as health science students are trusted individuals of the medical community. If these students are against HPV vaccination, then medical schools could target interventions to teach students about racial disparities in HPV infection and vaccination recommendation. So, when given the opportunity as a provider these students can recommend vaccination to their patients. These results are indicative of knowledge gaps and attitudes within the younger generations of the medical community.
Citation Format: Katya M Marcia, John M Allen. Evaluation of attitudes, beliefs and influences and their impact on HPV vaccination rates among minority health science students [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-270.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bondi DS, Alavandi P, Allen JM, Avery LM, Buatois E, Connor KA, Martello JL, Michienzi SM, Trujillo TC, Ybarra J, Chung AM. Addressing challenges of providing remote inpatient clinical pharmacy services. J Am Coll Clin Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John M. Allen
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
| | - Lisa M. Avery
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
| | - Emily Buatois
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Ybarra
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The overarching goal was to resolve a major barrier to real-life prosthesis usability-the rapid degradation of prosthesis control systems, which require frequent recalibrations. Specifically, we sought to develop and test a motor decoder that provides (1) highly accurate, real-time movement response, and (2) unprecedented adaptability to dynamic changes in the amputee's biological state, thereby supporting long-term integrity of control performance with few recalibrations. To achieve that, an adaptive motor decoder was designed to auto-switch between algorithms in real-time. The decoder detects the initial aggregate motoneuron spiking activity from the motor pool, then engages the optimal parameter settings for decoding the motoneuron spiking activity in that particular state. "Clear-box" testing of decoder performance under varied physiological conditions and post-amputation complications was conducted by comparing the movement output of a simulated prosthetic hand as driven by the decoded signal vs. as driven by the actual signal. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Normalized Root Mean Square Error were used to quantify the accuracy of the decoder's output. Our results show that the decoder algorithm extracted the features of the intended movement and drove the simulated prosthetic hand accurately with real-time performance (<10 ms) (Pearson's correlation coefficient >0.98 to >0.99 and Normalized Root Mean Square Error <13-5%). Further, the decoder robustly decoded the spiking activity of multi-speed inputs, inputs generated from reversed motoneuron recruitment, and inputs reflecting substantial biological heterogeneity of motoneuron properties, also in real-time. As the amputee's neuromodulatory state changes throughout the day and the electrical properties and ratio of slower vs. faster motoneurons shift over time post-amputation, the motor decoder presented here adapts to such changes in real-time and is thus expected to greatly enhance and extend the usability of prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Sherif M Elbasiouny
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allen JM, Abdul-Mutakabbir JC, Campbell HE, Butler LM. Ten recommendations to increase Black representation within pharmacy organization leadership. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:896-902. [PMID: 33954422 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John M Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Hope E Campbell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Belmont University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lakesha M Butler
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern Illinois University - Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Allen JM, Egelund EF, Santevecchi BA, Venugopalan V, Whalen K, Patel PN. Impact of supplemental individual verbal defense on confidence, engagement, and performance in a team-based learning therapeutics course. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2021; 13:152-158. [PMID: 33454072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Team-based learning (TBL) has been successfully applied to multiple healthcare education disciplines. A primary tenet of TBL is the development of solutions leveraging the collective knowledge of a team rather than the individual competency of any one student. In an effort to enhance individual student accountability, an individual verbal defense (IVD) format was implemented in a multi-campus TBL-based pharmacotherapeutics course. The study sought to investigate the use of TBL-IVD embedded within a traditional TBL format on student engagement, teaching style preferences, and exam performance compared to a TBL-only format. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING In this cross-sectional study, second-year pharmacy students enrolled in a pharmacotherapeutics course during fall 2019 completed an 11-item survey. The survey was designed to assess TBL-IVD on student engagement and teaching style preference. Free-response qualitative feedback was solicited to assess positive-negative themes related to the activity. Aggregate exam performance for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) related content was compared to historical exam data to assess the impact on student performance. FINDINGS The majority of students (72%, n = 54) preferred the TBL-IVD compared to a TBL-only format. Students reported higher engagement with TBL-IVD (84%, n = 63). Correct exam responses for CAP related content were higher in the TBL-IVD group (67% vs. 55%, P < .001). Positive themes included an increased opportunity to defend recommendations verbally and increased interaction with an on-campus faculty member. SUMMARY The study demonstrates the addition of IVD can enhance student perceptions, confidence, and performance within a large, multi-campus, TBL-based pharmacotherapeutics course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Suite 420G, Orlando, FL 32827, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States.
| | - Eric F Egelund
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 580 W. 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States.
| | - Barbara A Santevecchi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Veena Venugopalan
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Karen Whalen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Priti N Patel
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bakare LS, Allen JM. COVID-19 Therapeutics: Making Sense of It All. AACN Adv Crit Care 2020; 31:239-249. [PMID: 32668460 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2020792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lolade S Bakare
- Lolade S. Bakare is PGY-1 Pharmacy Resident, Cleveland Clinic Martin Health, Stuart, Florida
| | - John M Allen
- John M. Allen is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Rd, Ste 420G, Orlando, FL 32827
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lawton J, Kimbell B, Rankin D, Ashcroft NL, Varghese L, Allen JM, Boughton CK, Campbell F, Randell T, Besser REJ, Trevelyan N, Hovorka R. Health professionals' views about who would benefit from using a closed-loop system: a qualitative study. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1030-1037. [PMID: 31989684 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore health professionals' views about who would benefit from using a closed-loop system and who should be prioritized for access to the technology in routine clinical care. METHODS Health professionals (n = 22) delivering the Closed Loop from Onset in type 1 Diabetes (CLOuD) trial were interviewed after they had ≥ 6 months' experience supporting participants using a closed-loop system. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Interviewees described holding strong assumptions about the types of people who would use the technology effectively prior to the trial. Interviewees described changing their views as a result of observing individuals engaging with the closed-loop system in ways they had not anticipated. This included educated, technologically competent individuals who over-interacted with the system in ways which could compromise glycaemic control. Other individuals, who health professionals assumed would struggle to understand and use the technology, were reported to have benefitted from it because they stood back and allowed the system to operate without interference. Interviewees concluded that individual, family and psychological attributes cannot be used as pre-selection criteria and, ideally, all individuals should be given the chance to try the technology. However, it was recognized that clinical guidelines will be needed to inform difficult decisions about treatment allocation (and withdrawal), with young children and infants being considered priority groups. CONCLUSIONS To ensure fair and equitable access to closed-loop systems, prejudicial assumptions held by health professionals may need to be addressed. To support their decision-making, clinical guidelines need to be made available in a timely manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lawton
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Kimbell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Rankin
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N L Ashcroft
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Varghese
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Allen
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C K Boughton
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - T Randell
- Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - R E J Besser
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Trevelyan
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - R Hovorka
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Highlander MM, Allen JM, Elbasiouny SM. Meta-analysis of biological variables' impact on spinal motoneuron electrophysiology data. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1380-1391. [PMID: 32073942 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00378.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental, methodological, and biological variables must be accounted for statistically to maximize accuracy and comparability of published neuroscience data. However, accounting for all variables is nigh impossible. Thus we aimed to identify particularly influential variables within published neurological data, from cat, rat, and mouse studies, via a robust statistical process. Our goal was to develop tools to improve rigor in the collection and analysis of data. We strictly constrained experimental and methodological variables and then assessed four key biological variables within motoneuron research: species, age, sex, and cell type. We quantified intraexperimental and interexperimental variances in 11 commonly reported electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurons. We first assessed variances without accounting for biological variables and then reassessed them while accounting for all four variables. We next assessed variances with all possible combinations of these four variables. We concluded that some motoneuron properties have low intraexperimental, but high interexperimental, variance; that individual motoneuron properties are impacted differently by biological variables; and that some unexplained variances still remain. We report here the optimal combinations of biological variables to reduce interexperimental variance for all 11 parameters. We also rank each parameter by intra- and interexperimental consistency. We expect these results to assist with design of experimental and analytical methods, and to support accuracy in simulations. Furthermore, although demonstrated on spinal motoneuron electrophysiology literature, our approach is applicable to biological data from all fields of neuroscience. This approach represents an important aid to experimental design, comparison of reported data, and reduction of unexplained variance in neuroscience data.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our meta-analysis shows the impact of species, age, sex, and cell type on lumbosacral motoneuron electrophysiological properties by thoroughly quantifying variances across literature for the first time. We quantify the variances of 11 motoneuron properties with consideration of biological variables, thus providing specific insights for motoneuron modelers and experimenters, and providing a general methodological template for the quantification of variance in neurological data with the consideration of any experimental, methodological, or biological variables of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Highlander
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Sherif M Elbasiouny
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Allen JM, Bakare L, Casapao AM, Klinker K, Childs-Kean LM, Pomputius AF. Cefazolin Versus Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillins for the Treatment of Patients with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Infect Dis Ther 2019; 8:671-686. [PMID: 31392580 PMCID: PMC6856230 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-019-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a common cause of infection in humans. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the preferred agents, with anti-staphylococcal penicillins (ASPs) or the first-generation cephalosporin, cefazolin, favored by clinicians. Recent studies comparing the two strategies suggest similar outcomes between the agents. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore differences between cefazolin and ASPs for the treatment of MSSA infections. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) of observational or cohort studies using a random-effects model. Two blinded reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, risk of bias, and data extraction. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical failure, infection recurrence, and antibiotic discontinuation due to adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted for the primary outcome by type of ASP, studies with a high percentage of deep-seated infections, and studies of low to moderate risk of bias. RESULTS After performing a comprehensive search of the literature, and screening for study inclusion, 19 studies (13,390 patients) were included in the final meta-analysis. Fifteen of the 19 studies (79%) were judged as having a low or moderate risk of bias. Use of cefazolin was associated with lower all-cause mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.91, p = 0.006, I2 = 28%], clinical failure (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.74, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and antibiotic discontinuation due to adverse events (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.39, p < 0.001, I2 = 23%). Infection recurrence was higher in the cefazolin patients (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.93, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that the use of cefazolin was associated with significant reductions in all-cause mortality, clinical failure, and discontinuation due to adverse events, but was associated with an increased risk of infection recurrence. FUNDING University of Florida Open Access Publishing Fund funded the Rapid Service Fees. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (study ID: CRD42018106442).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Lolade Bakare
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Anthony M Casapao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ken Klinker
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey M Childs-Kean
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ariel F Pomputius
- Biomedical and Health Information Services, University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- C K Boughton
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Hartnell
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Allen
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Hovorka
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Allen JM, Dunn R, Bush J. Effect of prescriber peer comparison reports on fluoroquinolone use across a 16‐facility community hospital system. J Am Coll Clin Pharm 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research University of Florida College of Pharmacy Orlando Florida
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Central Florida College of Medicine Orlando Florida
| | - Ryan Dunn
- HealthTrust Supply Chain, West Florida Division Largo Florida
| | - Jeffrey Bush
- HealthTrust Supply Chain, West Florida Division Largo Florida
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ochoa SD, Dores MR, Allen JM, Tran T, Osman M, Vázquez Castellanos NP, Trejo J, Zayas RM. A modular laboratory course using planarians to study genes involved in tissue regeneration. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2019; 47:547-559. [PMID: 31194289 PMCID: PMC6731126 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate research experiences are excellent opportunities to engage students in science alongside experienced scientists, but at large institutions, it is challenging to accommodate all students. To address and engage a larger number of students, we developed a modular laboratory course based on the course-based undergraduate research experiences model. This new course was integrated with the scientific aims of a research laboratory studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration in planarians. In this course, students were asked to identify genes with roles in planarian biology. Students analyzed and cloned an assigned gene, determined its expression pattern in situ and examined its function in regeneration. Additionally, we developed critical thinking and scientific communication skills by incorporating activities focused on critical concepts. Students obtained high quality primary data and were successful in completing and mastering the course learning outcomes. They benefitted by developing basic research skills, learning to perform, trouble-shooting experiments, reading and critically analyzing primary literature, and using the information to defend and explain their experimental results. Through this course, students also increased their confidence and ability to perform independent scientific research. The course was designed to make it accessible to the community to implement and adapt as appropriate in diverse institutions. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):547-559, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Ochoa
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael R Dores
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Tuan Tran
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Maryan Osman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hall MR, Bardayan DW, Baugher T, Lepailleur A, Pain SD, Ratkiewicz A, Ahn S, Allen JM, Anderson JT, Ayangeakaa AD, Blackmon JC, Burcher S, Carpenter MP, Cha SM, Chae KY, Chipps KA, Cizewski JA, Febbraro M, Hall O, Hu J, Jiang CL, Jones KL, Lee EJ, O'Malley PD, Ota S, Rasco BC, Santiago-Gonzalez D, Seweryniak D, Sims H, Smith K, Tan WP, Thompson P, Thornsberry C, Varner RL, Walter D, Wilson GL, Zhu S. Key ^{19}Ne States Identified Affecting γ-Ray Emission from ^{18}F in Novae. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:052701. [PMID: 30822026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Detection of nuclear-decay γ rays provides a sensitive thermometer of nova nucleosynthesis. The most intense γ-ray flux is thought to be annihilation radiation from the β^{+} decay of ^{18}F, which is destroyed prior to decay by the ^{18}F(p,α)^{15}O reaction. Estimates of ^{18}F production had been uncertain, however, because key near-threshold levels in the compound nucleus, ^{19}Ne, had yet to be identified. We report the first measurement of the ^{19}F(^{3}He,tγ)^{19}Ne reaction, in which the placement of two long-sought 3/2^{+} levels is suggested via triton-γ-γ coincidences. The precise determination of their resonance energies reduces the upper limit of the rate by a factor of 1.5-17 at nova temperatures and reduces the average uncertainty on the nova detection probability by a factor of 2.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D W Bardayan
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - T Baugher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - A Lepailleur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - S D Pain
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Ratkiewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - S Ahn
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J M Allen
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J T Anderson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J C Blackmon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Burcher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M P Carpenter
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S M Cha
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - K Y Chae
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - K A Chipps
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J A Cizewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - O Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E J Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - P D O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S Ota
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B C Rasco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D Santiago-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D Seweryniak
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Sims
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - K Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - W P Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - P Thompson
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C Thornsberry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Walter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - G L Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - S Zhu
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Allen JM, Feild C, Shoulders BR, Voils SA. Recent Updates in the Pharmacological Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review Focused on Fluid Resuscitation, Vasopressors, and Corticosteroids. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 53:385-395. [PMID: 30404539 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018812940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe recent developments in the pharmacological management of sepsis and septic shock, focusing on fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and corticosteroids. DATA SOURCES A literature search limited to randomized controlled trials written in the English language reporting mortality and other clinically relevant outcomes that were published from July 1, 2016, to August 31, 2018, in patients aged ≥ 18 years. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. References for pertinent review articles were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Relevant randomized controlled trials conducted in patients meeting the pre-defined inclusion criteria were considered for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS From an initial search that identified 147 studies, 14 original research studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Revised Cochrane ROB assessment tool, with most included studies having a low ROB. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Sepsis and septic shock pose a significant burden on public health. Despite advances in our understanding of sepsis, mortality remains unacceptably high. Recent developments in the pharmacological management of septic shock have focused on determining optimal composition and dosage of fluid resuscitation, enhanced use of vasopressor therapy, and clarifying the role of corticosteroids. This systematic review will provide recommendations for application to practice focusing on recent research on these topics. CONCLUSIONS Although recent developments in the pharmacological management of sepsis are encouraging, clinicians must be keen to utilize patient-specific factors to guide therapy and continue to strive to address the remaining unanswered questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Allen
- 1 University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Carinda Feild
- 2 University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Seminole, FL, USA
| | | | - Stacy A Voils
- 3 University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tunes LG, Allen JM, Zayas RM, do Monte-Neto RL. Planarians as models to investigate the bioactivity of gold(I) complexes in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16180. [PMID: 30385794 PMCID: PMC6212559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold(I)-containing complexes are used in drug discovery research for rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and parasitic infections. In this study, we tested the bioactivity of gold(I) complexes in vivo using planarians. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea possesses orthologues of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, that, when silenced, cause deregulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this context, we tested two triethylphosphine-gold(I) complexes (AdO and AdT) to determine if they can attenuate phenotypes that result from p53 inhibition. First, we identified the drug concentration that did not affect survival or regeneration and evaluated the drug's effect on cell division and apoptosis. We found that AdT treatment decreased the number of mitotic cells and that all drug treatments increased the number of apoptotic cells. We then performed p53(RNAi) and drug treatments concomitantly and observed the phenotype progression. Drug treatment increased survival three-fold and decreased apoptosis, which resulted in an attenuated phenotype. Our results indicate that planarians can be treated with gold(I) complexes, and that this treatment can diminish the p53(RNAi) phenotype and extend survival. In this work we show that planarians can be used as a model to study the in vivo effect of gold(I) complexes and to further investigate their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza G Tunes
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computational models often require tradeoffs, such as balancing detail with efficiency; yet optimal balance should incorporate sound design features that do not bias the results of the specific scientific question under investigation. The present study examines how model design choices impact simulation results. APPROACH We developed a rigorously-validated high-fidelity computational model of the spinal motoneuron pool to study three long-standing model design practices which have yet to be examined for their impact on motoneuron recruitment, firing rate, and force simulations. The practices examined were the use of: (1) generic cell models to simulate different motoneuron types, (2) discrete property ranges for different motoneuron types, and (3) biological homogeneity of cell properties within motoneuron types. MAIN RESULTS Our results show that each of these practices accentuates conditions of motoneuron recruitment based on the size principle, and minimizes conditions of mixed and reversed recruitment orders, which have been observed in animal and human recordings. Specifically, strict motoneuron orderly size recruitment occurs, but in a compressed range, after which mixed and reverse motoneuron recruitment occurs due to the overlap in electrical properties of different motoneuron types. Additionally, these practices underestimate the motoneuron firing rates and force data simulated by existing models. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that current modeling practices increase conditions of motoneuron recruitment based on the size principle, and decrease conditions of mixed and reversed recruitment order, which, in turn, impacts the predictions made by existing models on motoneuron recruitment, firing rate, and force. Additionally, mixed and reverse motoneuron recruitment generated higher muscle force than orderly size motoneuron recruitment in these simulations and represents one potential scheme to increase muscle efficiency. The examined model design practices, as well as the present results, are applicable to neuronal modeling throughout the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science & Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Sherif M. Elbasiouny
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science & Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Strand NS, Allen JM, Zayas RM. Post-translational regulation of planarian regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:58-68. [PMID: 29705300 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most mammals cannot easily overcome degenerative disease or traumatic injuries. In contrast, an innate ability to regenerate is observed across animal phyla. Freshwater planarians are amongst the organisms that are capable of stem cell-mediated whole-body regeneration and have served as an exemplary model to study how pluripotency is maintained and regulated in vivo. Here, we review findings on the role of post-translational modifications and the genes regulating phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and chromatin remodeling in planarian regeneration. Furthermore, we discuss how technological advances for identifying cellular targets of these processes will fill gaps in our knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that underlie regeneration in planarians, which should inform how tissue repair can be stimulated in non-regenerative model organisms and in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Strand
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lindstrøm CA, Adli E, Allen JM, An W, Beekman C, Clarke CI, Clayton CE, Corde S, Doche A, Frederico J, Gessner SJ, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, O'Shea BD, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Yakimenko V. Measurement of Transverse Wakefields Induced by a Misaligned Positron Bunch in a Hollow Channel Plasma Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:124802. [PMID: 29694092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.124802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hollow channel plasma wakefield acceleration is a proposed method to provide high acceleration gradients for electrons and positrons alike: a key to future lepton colliders. However, beams which are misaligned from the channel axis induce strong transverse wakefields, deflecting beams and reducing the collider luminosity. This undesirable consequence sets a tight constraint on the alignment accuracy of the beam propagating through the channel. Direct measurements of beam misalignment-induced transverse wakefields are therefore essential for designing mitigation strategies. We present the first quantitative measurements of transverse wakefields in a hollow plasma channel, induced by an off-axis 20 GeV positron bunch, and measured with another 20 GeV lower charge trailing positron probe bunch. The measurements are largely consistent with theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Lindstrøm
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Adli
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Allen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W An
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Beekman
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Doche
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S J Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Z Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Litos
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W Lu
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B D O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Strand NS, Allen JM, Ghulam M, Taylor MR, Munday RK, Carrillo M, Movsesyan A, Zayas RM. Dissecting the function of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex genes in planarian regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:210-217. [PMID: 29291974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin system plays a role in nearly every aspect of eukaryotic cell biology. The enzymes responsible for transferring ubiquitin onto specific substrates are the E3 ubiquitin ligases, a large and diverse family of proteins, for which biological roles and target substrates remain largely undefined. Studies using model organisms indicate that ubiquitin signaling mediates key steps in developmental processes and tissue regeneration. Here, we used the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, to investigate the role of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes in stem cell regulation during regeneration. We identified six S. mediterranea cullin genes, and used RNAi to uncover roles for homologs of Cullin-1, -3 and -4 in planarian regeneration. The cullin-1 RNAi phenotype included defects in blastema formation, organ regeneration, lesions, and lysis. To further investigate the function of cullin-1-mediated cellular processes in planarians, we examined genes encoding the adaptor protein Skp1 and F-box substrate-recognition proteins that are predicted to partner with Cullin-1. RNAi against skp1 resulted in phenotypes similar to cullin-1 RNAi, and an RNAi screen of the F-box genes identified 19 genes that recapitulated aspects of cullin-1 RNAi, including ones that in mammals are involved in stem cell regulation and cancer biology. Our data provides evidence that CRLs play discrete roles in regenerative processes and provide a platform to investigate how CRLs regulate stem cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Strand
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mahjoobah Ghulam
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Matthew R Taylor
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Roma K Munday
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Melissa Carrillo
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Artem Movsesyan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Doche A, Beekman C, Corde S, Allen JM, Clarke CI, Frederico J, Gessner SJ, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, O'Shea B, Yakimenko V, An W, Clayton CE, Joshi C, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Litos MD, Adli E, Lindstrøm CA, Lu W. Acceleration of a trailing positron bunch in a plasma wakefield accelerator. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14180. [PMID: 29079817 PMCID: PMC5660186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High gradients of energy gain and high energy efficiency are necessary parameters for compact, cost-efficient and high-energy particle colliders. Plasma Wakefield Accelerators (PWFA) offer both, making them attractive candidates for next-generation colliders. In these devices, a charge-density plasma wave is excited by an ultra-relativistic bunch of charged particles (the drive bunch). The energy in the wave can be extracted by a second bunch (the trailing bunch), as this bunch propagates in the wake of the drive bunch. While a trailing electron bunch was accelerated in a plasma with more than a gigaelectronvolt of energy gain, accelerating a trailing positron bunch in a plasma is much more challenging as the plasma response can be asymmetric for positrons and electrons. We report the demonstration of the energy gain by a distinct trailing positron bunch in a plasma wakefield accelerator, spanning nonlinear to quasi-linear regimes, and unveil the beam loading process underlying the accelerator energy efficiency. A positron bunch is used to drive the plasma wake in the experiment, though the quasi-linear wake structure could as easily be formed by an electron bunch or a laser driver. The results thus mark the first acceleration of a distinct positron bunch in plasma-based particle accelerators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Doche
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91762, Palaiseau, France.
| | - C Beekman
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - S Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91762, Palaiseau, France.
| | - J M Allen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S J Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S Z Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - B O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - W An
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - M D Litos
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - E Adli
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - C A Lindstrøm
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Elleri D, Biagioni M, Allen JM, Kumareswaran K, Leelarathna L, Caldwell K, Nodale M, Wilinska ME, Haidar A, Calhoun P, Kollman C, Jackson NC, Umpleby AM, Acerini CL, Dunger DB, Hovorka R. Safety, efficacy and glucose turnover of reduced prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:1173-9. [PMID: 26257323 PMCID: PMC4832358 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate safety, efficacy and glucose turnover during closed-loop with meal announcement using reduced prandial insulin boluses in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover study comparing closed-loop therapy with standard prandial insulin boluses versus closed-loop therapy with prandial boluses reduced by 25%. Eight adolescents with T1D [3 males; mean (standard deviation) age 15.9 (1.5) years, glycated haemoglobin 74 (17) mmol/mol; median (interquartile range) total daily dose 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) IU/kg/day] were studied on two 36-h-long visits. In random order, subjects received closed-loop therapy with either standard or reduced insulin boluses administered with main meals (50-80 g carbohydrates) but not with snacks (15-30 g carbohydrates). Stable-label tracer dilution methodology measured total glucose appearance (Ra_total) and glucose disposal (Rd). RESULTS The median (interquartile range) time spent in target (3.9-10 mmol/l) was similar between the two interventions [74 (66, 84)% vs 80 (65, 96)%; p = 0.87] as was time spent above 10 mmol/l [21.8 (16.3, 33.5)% vs 18.0 (4.1, 34.2)%; p = 0.87] and below 3.9 mmol/l [0 (0, 1.5)% vs 0 (0, 1.8)%; p = 0.88]. Mean plasma glucose was identical during the two interventions [8.4 (0.9) mmol/l; p = 0.98]. Hypoglycaemia occurred once 1.5 h post-meal during closed-loop therapy with standard bolus. Overall insulin delivery was lower with reduced prandial boluses [61.9 (55.2, 75.0) vs 72.5 (63.6, 80.3) IU; p = 0.01] and resulted in lower mean plasma insulin concentration [186 (171, 260) vs 252 (198, 336) pmol/l; p = 0.002]. Lower plasma insulin was also documented overnight [160 (136, 192) vs 191 (133, 252) pmol/l; p = 0.01, pooled nights]. Ra_total was similar [26.3 (21.9, 28.0) vs 25.4 (21.0, 29.2) µmol/kg/min; p = 0.19] during the two interventions as was Rd [25.8 (21.0, 26.9) vs 25.2 (21.2, 28.8) µmol/kg/min; p = 0.46]. CONCLUSIONS A 25% reduction in prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy maintains similar glucose control in adolescents with T1D whilst lowering overall plasma insulin levels. It remains unclear whether closed-loop therapy with a 25% reduction in prandial boluses would prevent postprandial hypoglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Elleri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Biagioni
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Allen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Kumareswaran
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Leelarathna
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Caldwell
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Nodale
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - M E Wilinska
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Haidar
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Calhoun
- The Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C Kollman
- The Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - N C Jackson
- Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - A M Umpleby
- Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - C L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - D B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Hovorka
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thabit H, Tauschmann M, Allen JM, Leelarathna L, Hartnell S, Wilinska ME, Acerini CL, Dellweg S, Benesch C, Heinemann L, Mader JK, Holzer M, Kojzar H, Exall J, Yong J, Pichierri J, Barnard KD, Kollman C, Cheng P, Hindmarsh PC, Campbell FM, Arnolds S, Pieber TR, Evans ML, Dunger DB, Hovorka R. Home Use of an Artificial Beta Cell in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2129-2140. [PMID: 26379095 PMCID: PMC4697362 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1509351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of prolonged use of an artificial beta cell (closed-loop insulin-delivery system) in the home setting have not been established. METHODS In two multicenter, crossover, randomized, controlled studies conducted under free-living home conditions, we compared closed-loop insulin delivery with sensor-augmented pump therapy in 58 patients with type 1 diabetes. The closed-loop system was used day and night by 33 adults and overnight by 25 children and adolescents. Participants used the closed-loop system for a 12-week period and sensor-augmented pump therapy (control) for a similar period. The primary end point was the proportion of time that the glucose level was between 70 mg and 180 mg per deciliter for adults and between 70 mg and 145 mg per deciliter for children and adolescents. RESULTS Among adults, the proportion of time that the glucose level was in the target range was 11.0 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1 to 13.8) greater with the use of the closed-loop system day and night than with control therapy (P<0.001). The mean glucose level was lower during the closed-loop phase than during the control phase (difference, -11 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -17 to -6; P<0.001), as were the area under the curve for the period when the glucose level was less than 63 mg per deciliter (39% lower; 95% CI, 24 to 51; P<0.001) and the mean glycated hemoglobin level (difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -0.5 to -0.1; P=0.002). Among children and adolescents, the proportion of time with the nighttime glucose level in the target range was higher during the closed-loop phase than during the control phase (by 24.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 20.6 to 28.7; P<0.001), and the mean nighttime glucose level was lower (difference, -29 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -39 to -20; P<0.001). The area under the curve for the period in which the day-and-night glucose levels were less than 63 mg per deciliter was lower by 42% (95% CI, 4 to 65; P=0.03). Three severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred during the closed-loop phase when the closed-loop system was not in use. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with type 1 diabetes, 12-week use of a closed-loop system, as compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy, improved glucose control, reduced hypoglycemia, and, in adults, resulted in a lower glycated hemoglobin level. (Funded by the JDRF and others; AP@home04 and APCam08 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01961622 and NCT01778348.).
Collapse
|
35
|
Corde S, Adli E, Allen JM, An W, Clarke CI, Clayton CE, Delahaye JP, Frederico J, Gessner S, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Lipkowitz N, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Schmeltz M, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Walz D, Yakimenko V, Yocky G. Multi-gigaelectronvolt acceleration of positrons in a self-loaded plasma wakefield. Nature 2015; 524:442-5. [PMID: 26310764 DOI: 10.1038/nature14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrical breakdown sets a limit on the kinetic energy that particles in a conventional radio-frequency accelerator can reach. New accelerator concepts must be developed to achieve higher energies and to make future particle colliders more compact and affordable. The plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) embodies one such concept, in which the electric field of a plasma wake excited by a bunch of charged particles (such as electrons) is used to accelerate a trailing bunch of particles. To apply plasma acceleration to electron-positron colliders, it is imperative that both the electrons and their antimatter counterpart, the positrons, are efficiently accelerated at high fields using plasmas. Although substantial progress has recently been reported on high-field, high-efficiency acceleration of electrons in a PWFA powered by an electron bunch, such an electron-driven wake is unsuitable for the acceleration and focusing of a positron bunch. Here we demonstrate a new regime of PWFAs where particles in the front of a single positron bunch transfer their energy to a substantial number of those in the rear of the same bunch by exciting a wakefield in the plasma. In the process, the accelerating field is altered--'self-loaded'--so that about a billion positrons gain five gigaelectronvolts of energy with a narrow energy spread over a distance of just 1.3 metres. They extract about 30 per cent of the wake's energy and form a spectrally distinct bunch with a root-mean-square energy spread as low as 1.8 per cent. This ability to transfer energy efficiently from the front to the rear within a single positron bunch makes the PWFA scheme very attractive as an energy booster to an electron-positron collider.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Corde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - E Adli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Allen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W An
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J P Delahaye
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Z Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N Lipkowitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Litos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Schmeltz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Walz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Yocky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rech MA, Day SA, Kast JM, Donahey EE, Pajoumand M, Kram SJ, Erdman MJ, Peitz GJ, Allen JM, Palmer A, Kram B, Harris SA, Turck CJ. Major publications in the critical care pharmacotherapy literature: January-December 2013. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2015; 72:224-36. [PMID: 25596607 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ten recently published articles with important implications for critical care pharmacotherapy are summarized. SUMMARY The Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Literature Update (CCPLU) group is a national assembly of experienced intensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists across the United States. Group members monitor 25 peer-reviewed journals on an ongoing basis to identify literature relevant to pharmacy practice in the critical care setting. After evaluation by CCPLU group members, selected articles are chosen for summarization and distribution to group members nationwide based on (1) applicability to critical care practice, (2) relevance to pharmacy practitioners, and (3) quality of evidence or research methodology. Hundreds of relevant articles were evaluated by the group during the period January-December 2013, of which 98 were summarized and disseminated nationally to CCPLU group members. Among those 98 publications, 10 deemed to be of particularly high utility to critical care practitioners were included in this review. The 10 articles address topics such as rapid lowering of blood pressure in patients with intracranial hemorrhage, adjunctive therapy to prevent renal injury due to acute heart failure, triple-drug therapy to improve neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest, and continuous versus intermittent infusion of β-lactam antibiotics in severe sepsis. CONCLUSION There were many important additions to the critical care pharmacotherapy literature in 2013, including an updated guideline on the management of myocardial infarction and reports on advances in research focused on improving outcomes in patients with stroke or cardiac arrest and preventing the spread of drug-resistant pathogens in the ICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Rech
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA.
| | - Sarah A Day
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Jenna M Kast
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Elisabeth E Donahey
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Mehrnaz Pajoumand
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Shawn J Kram
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Michael J Erdman
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Gregory J Peitz
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - John M Allen
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Allison Palmer
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Bridgette Kram
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Serena A Harris
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | - Charles J Turck
- Megan A. Rech, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. Sarah A. Day, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Critical Care, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH. Jenna M. Kast, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. Elisabeth E. Donahey, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Neurosciences Intensive Care Pharmacist, Loyola University Medical Center. Mehrnaz Pajoumand, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Specialist, Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore. Shawn J. Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Michael J. Erdman, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Neurocritical Care, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville. Gregory J. Peitz, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. John M. Allen, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa. Allison Palmer, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX. Bridgette Kram, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacist, Duke University Hospital. Serena A. Harris, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN. Charles J Turck, Pharm.D., BCPS, is President and Chief Executive Officer, ScientiaCME, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thabit H, Elleri D, Leelarathna L, Allen JM, Lubina-Solomon A, Stadler M, Walkinshaw E, Iqbal A, Choudhary P, Wilinska ME, Barnard KD, Heller SR, Amiel SA, Evans ML, Dunger DB, Hovorka R. Unsupervised home use of an overnight closed-loop system over 3-4 weeks: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:452-8. [PMID: 25492378 PMCID: PMC4510702 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare overnight closed-loop and sensor-augmented pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes by combining data collected during free-living unsupervised randomized crossover home studies. METHODS A total of 40 participants with type 1 diabetes, of whom 24 were adults [mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) age 43 ± 12 years and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.0 ± 0.9%] and 16 were adolescents (mean ± s.d. age 15.6 ± 3.6 years and HbA1c 8.1 ± 0.8%), underwent two periods of sensor-augmented pump therapy in the home setting, in combination with or without an overnight closed-loop insulin delivery system that uses a model predictive control algorithm to direct insulin delivery. The order of the two interventions was random; each period lasted 4 weeks in adults and 3 weeks in adolescents. The primary outcome was time during which sensor glucose readings were in the target range of 3.9-8.0 mmol/l. RESULTS The proportion of time when sensor glucose was in the target range (3.9-8.0 mmol/l) overnight (between 24:00 and 08:00 hours) was 18.5% greater during closed-loop insulin delivery than during sensor-augmented therapy (p < 0.001). Closed-loop therapy significantly reduced mean overnight glucose levels by 0.9 mmol/l (p < 0.001), with no difference in glycaemic variability, as measured by the standard deviation of sensor glucose. Time spent above the target range was reduced (p = 0.001), as was time spent in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/l; p = 0.014) during closed-loop therapy. Lower mean overnight glucose levels during closed-loop therapy were brought about by increased overnight insulin delivery (p < 0.001) without changes to the total daily delivery (p = 0.84). CONCLUSION Overnight closed-loop insulin therapy at home in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is feasible, showing improvements in glucose control and reducing the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Thabit
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Blair SG, Bright AC, Kennedy RO, Allen JM, Frotan MA, Brevard SB, Gonzalez RP, Simmons JD. Green Urine in the Intensive Care Unit: Is this Clinically Relevant? Am Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481508100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G. Blair
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - Andrew C. Bright
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - Ryan O. Kennedy
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - John M. Allen
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Amin Frotan
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sidney B. Brevard
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - Richard P. Gonzalez
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jon D. Simmons
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery The University of South Alabama Medical Center Mobile, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Blair SG, Bright AC, Kennedy RO, Allen JM, Frotan MA, Brevard SB, Gonzalez RP, Simmons JD. Green urine in the intensive care unit: is this clinically relevant? Am Surg 2015; 81:E32-E33. [PMID: 25569058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Blair
- Division of Trauma, Burn, Surgical Critical Care, & Acute Care Surgery, The University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Thabit H, Kumareswaran K, Haidar A, Leelarathna L, Caldwell K, Elleri D, Allen JM, Nodale M, Wilinska ME, Jackson NC, Umpleby AM, Evans ML, Hovorka R. Glucose turnover after replacement of usual therapy by insulin in insulin-naive type 2 diabetes subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2225-32. [PMID: 24606105 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Discontinuation of anti-hyperglycemic oral agents and initiation of insulin is recommended in certain clinical situations for inpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effects on glucose turnover when these agents are acutely withdrawn are poorly understood and may be of importance when insulin therapy is initiated. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate alterations in glucose turnover after acute withdrawal of noninsulin therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a randomized crossover study at a clinical research facility. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 12 insulin-naive subjects with T2D. METHODS Subjects attended two 24-hour visits. Standard therapy was discontinued and replaced by closed-loop insulin delivery during the intervention visit. Usual anti-hyperglycemic therapy was continued during the control visit. Systemic glucose appearance (Ra) and glucose disposal (Rd) were measured using a tracer dilution technique with iv [6,6-(2)H2]glucose. RESULTS Plasma glucose profiles during both visits were comparable (P = .48). Glucose Ra increased during the day (21.4 [19.5, 23.5] vs 18.6 [17.0, 21.6) μmol/kg/min, P = .019) and decreased overnight (9.7 [8.5, 11.4] vs 11.6 [10.3, 12.9] μmol/kg/min, P = .004) when the usual therapy was discontinued and replaced with insulin. Increased daytime glucose Rd (21.2 [19.4, 23.9] vs 18.8 [18.3, 21.7] μmol/kg/min, P = .002) and decreased overnight Rd (10.4 [9.1, 12.0] vs 11.8 [10.7, 13.7] μmol/kg/min, P = .005) were observed when the usual therapy was discontinued, whereas daytime peripheral insulin sensitivity was reduced (47.8 [24.8, 66.1] vs 62.5 [34.8, 75.8] nmol/kg/min per pmol/L, P = .034). CONCLUSION In T2D, acute discontinuation of anti-hyperglycemic therapy and replacement with insulin increases postprandial Ra and reduces peripheral insulin sensitivity. Insulin dose initiation may need to compensate for these alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Thabit
- Metabolic Research Laboratories (H.T., K.K., L.L., K.C., D.E., J.M.A., M.N., M.E.W., M.L.E., R.H.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, and Department of Paediatrics (D.E., J.M.A., M.E.W., R.H.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Centre for Intelligent Machines (A.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada; and Postgraduate Medical School (N.C.J., A.M.U.), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Allen JM, Gelot S. Pharmacogenomics in the intensive care unit: focus on potential implications for clinical practice. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2014; 8:116-122. [PMID: 25185987 DOI: 10.2174/1872208309666140904111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients often are at high-risk for adverse drug reactions (ADRs), mainly due to alterations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters. These PK/PD differences in can also lead to inadequate therapeutic response to many commonly used drugs in this patient population. Frequently in the critically ill patient, medications are utilized based on a "trial-and-error" approach. Furthermore, drug dosing in the critically ill largely remains a "one-size-fits-all" phenomenon, utilizing dosing based on PK studies in healthy volunteers. Known differences in gene variation among the general population can greatly alter response to drug therapy. The use of pharmacogenomics (PGX) to aid in the development of individualized pharmacotherapeutic regimens, potentially may reduce ADRs and increase therapeutic efficacy. Potential uses of PGX include: identification of patients who are particularly susceptible to ADRs; and patients whom are more likely to benefit from a particular drug therapy, based on the patient's own genetic profile. This review will focus on potential applications of PGX in the critically ill, including management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), invasive fungal infections, and pain management. Current barriers to PGX-guided therapy in the critically ill and recent patent developments in the clinical application of PGX will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam Gelot
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical Research; University of South Florida College of Pharmacy; Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Elleri D, Allen JM, Harris J, Kumareswaran K, Nodale M, Leelarathna L, Acerini CL, Haidar A, Wilinska ME, Jackson N, Umpleby AM, Evans ML, Dunger DB, Hovorka R. Absorption patterns of meals containing complex carbohydrates in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1108-17. [PMID: 23435829 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Successful postprandial glycaemia management requires understanding of absorption patterns after meals containing variable complex carbohydrates. We studied eight young participants with type 1 diabetes to investigate a large low-glycaemic-load (LG) meal and another eight participants to investigate a high-glycaemic-load (HG) meal matched for carbohydrates (121 g). METHODS On Visit 1, participants consumed an evening meal. On follow-up Visit 2, a variable-target glucose clamp was performed to reproduce glucose and insulin levels from Visit 1. Adopting stable-label tracer dilution methodology, we measured endogenous glucose production on Visit 2 and subtracted it from total glucose appearance measured on Visit 1 to obtain meal-attributable glucose appearance. RESULTS After the LG meal, 25%, 50% and 75% of cumulative glucose appearance was at 88 ± 21, 175 ± 39 and 270 ± 54 min (mean ± SD), whereas glucose from the HG meal appeared significantly faster at 56 ± 12, 100 ± 25 and 153 ± 39 min (p < 0.001 to 0.003), and resulted in a 50% higher peak appearance (p < 0.001). Higher apparent bioavailability by 15% (p = 0.037) was observed after the LG meal. We documented a 20 min deceleration of dietary mixed carbohydrates compared with dietary glucose for the HG meal and a twofold deceleration for the LG meal. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Absorption patterns may be influenced by glycaemic load and/or meal composition, affecting optimum prandial insulin dosing in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Elleri
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Wells
- Diana L. Wells is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 1321 Walker Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 . John M. Allen is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, and Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - John M. Allen
- Diana L. Wells is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 1321 Walker Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 . John M. Allen is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, and Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
AIMS There are previous suggestions of increased C-peptide concentration in women with Type 1 diabetes during pregnancy. Our aim was to re-evaluate the hypothesis of a pregnancy-induced increase by measuring plasma C-peptide concentration in women with stable blood glucose control under standardized fasting and meal-stimulated conditions. METHODS Ten women with Type 1 diabetes; median age 31.1 years, median diabetes duration 19 years, median HbA(1c) 52 mmol/mol (6.9%) were admitted to a clinical research facility for two 24-h visits in early (12-16 weeks) and late (28-32 weeks) pregnancy. Women They ate standardized study meals - 80-g carbohydrate dinner, 60-g carbohydrate breakfast, and fasted between meals and overnight. Closed-loop insulin delivery maintained stable and comparable glycaemic conditions. Paired samples for plasma glucose and C-peptide were obtained. RESULTS Plasma glucose levels were comparable in early (median 6.5 mmol/l; interquartile range 5.6-8.6) and late pregnancy (median 7.0 mmol/l; interquartile range 6.1-7.8; P = 0.72). There was no change in fasting or meal-stimulated plasma C-peptide concentration from early to late pregnancy; mean difference 4.0 pmol/l (95% CI -6.0 to 7.0; P = 0.9). Four women had detectable C-peptide; peak (range) early vs. late pregnancy 48.5 (10-115) vs. 40.0 pmol/l (80-105); P = 0.5, which was weakly associated with plasma glucose; R(2) = 0.15, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS We found no gestational changes in plasma C-peptide concentration. Previously reported increases may reflect differences in glucose control and/or exogenous insulin doses. This study highlights the importance and challenges of standardizing experimental conditions for accurate plasma C-peptide measurement during Type 1 diabetes pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Murphy
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Allen
- Auburn University, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Mobile, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Murphy HR, Elleri D, Allen JM, Harris J, Simmons D, Rayman G, Temple RC, Umpleby AM, Dunger DB, Haidar A, Nodale M, Wilinska ME, Hovorka R. Pathophysiology of postprandial hyperglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy. Diabetologia 2012; 55:282-93. [PMID: 22080230 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although maternal hyperglycaemia is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, the mechanisms of postprandial hyperglycaemia during pregnancy are poorly understood. We aimed to describe glucose turnover in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, according to stage of gestation (early vs late gestation). METHODS The rates of systemic glucose appearance (R(a)) and glucose disposal (R(d)) were measured in ten pregnant women with type 1 diabetes during early (12-16 weeks) and late (28-32 weeks) gestation. Women ate standardised meals--a starch-rich 80 g carbohydrate dinner and a sugar-rich 60 g carbohydrate breakfast--and fasted between meals and overnight. Stable-label isotope tracers ([6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose and [U-(13)C]glucose) were used to determine R(a), R(d) and glucose bioavailability. Closed-loop insulin delivery maintained stable glycaemic conditions. RESULTS There were no changes in fasting R(a) (10 ± 2 vs 11 ± 2 μmol kg(-1) min(-1); p = 0.32) or fasting R(d) (11 ± 2 vs 11 ± 1 μmol kg(-1) min(-1); p = 0.77) in early vs late gestation. There was increased hepatic insulin resistance (381 ± 237 vs 540 ± 242 μmol kg(-1) min(-1) × pmol/l; p = 0.04) and decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity (0.09 ± 0.04 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 μmol kg(-1) min(-1) per pmol/l dinner, 0.11 ± 0.05 vs 0.07 ± 0.03 μmol kg(-1) min(-1) per pmol/l breakfast; p = 0.002) in late gestation. It also took longer for insulin levels to reach maximal concentrations (49 [37-55] vs 71 [52-108] min; p = 0.004) with significantly delayed glucose disposal (108 [87-125] vs 135 [110-158] min; p = 0.005) in late gestation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Postprandial glucose control is impaired by significantly slower glucose disposal in late gestation. Early prandial insulin dosing may help to accelerate glucose disposal and potentially ameliorate postprandial hyperglycaemia in late pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 62568875 FUNDING Diabetes UK Project Grant BDA 07/003551. H.R. Murphy is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) research fellowship (PDF/08/01/036). Supported also by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), Abbott Diabetes Care (Freestyle Navigator CGM and sensors free of charge), Medical Research Council Centre for Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Murphy
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Robbins J, Dalla Rosa L, Allen JM, Mattila DK, Secchi ER, Friedlaender AS, Stevick PT, Nowacek DP, Steele D. Return movement of a humpback whale between the Antarctic Peninsula and American Samoa: a seasonal migration record. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
48
|
Hallam MJ, Allen JM, James SE, Donaldson PMW, Davies JG, Hanlon GW, Dheansa BS. Potential subtherapeutic linezolid and meropenem antibiotic concentrations in a patient with severe burns and sepsis. J Burn Care Res 2010; 31:207-9. [PMID: 20061858 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181c89ee3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Altered pharmacokinetics in patients with major burns may result in serum antibiotic concentrations below those required to be effective against the common pathogens encountered in burns patients. The major changes in the fluid volumes of key body compartments, which occur with a large burn, may increase the apparent volume of distribution of a drug, thereby lowering its concentration when a standard dose is given. In addition, the observed increase in renal blood flow reported in burns patients, because of the change in cardiac output, may result in a higher drug clearance and a shorter elimination half-life. As a consequence, studies have recommended higher doses or more frequent dosing or both for some antibiotics in patients with major burns, but data are lacking for many of the antibiotics reserved for treatment of life-threatening infections. The authors measured serum concentrations of two antibiotics, linezolid and meropenem, in an immunosuppressed patient who presented with a severe burn to determine whether therapeutic concentrations were achieved, thereby improving the likelihood of infection control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Hallam
- Burns Centre, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Elleri D, Allen JM, Nodale M, Wilinska ME, Acerini CL, Dunger DB, Hovorka R. Suspended insulin infusion during overnight closed-loop glucose control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2010; 27:480-4. [PMID: 20536523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed an extended interruption of subcutaneous insulin delivery during overnight closed-loop glucose control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS In seven young subjects with T1D [age 14.2+/-2.1 years, diabetes duration 6.9+/-4.0 years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.0+/-1.5%, body mass index (BMI) 21.4+/-4.0 kg/m2, total daily insulin dose 0.9+/-0.2 units/kg/day; mean+/-sd) participating in overnight closed-loop glucose control studies, insulin delivery was interrupted for at least 90 min on the basis of predicted hypoglycaemia, low prevailing glucose levels or a too-steep decline in glucose levels. RESULTS Insulin delivery was interrupted for 165 (105, 210) min [median, interquartile range (IQR)]. Plasma glucose was 6.2+/-3.2 mmol/l at the time of interruption and 5.5+/-2.0 mmol/l 105 min later (P=0.15, paired t-test). Plasma glucose declined during the first hour of the interruption at a rate of 0.02+/-0.03 mmol/l per min and reached a nadir of 5.2+/-2.7 mmol/l; 105 min after the interruption, plasma glucose was increasing at a rate of 0.01+/-0.03 mmol/l per min. When insulin delivery restarted, plasma glucose was 6.4+/-2.2 mmol/l and peaked at 7.9+/-2.1 mmol/l in 60 min (P=0.01). Physiological levels of plasma insulin were measured throughout with a nadir of 119+/-78 pmol/l. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged interruption of insulin delivery during overnight closed-loop glucose control to prevent hypoglycaemia was not associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia in young people with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Elleri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
AIMS Using compartment modelling, we assessed the time delay between blood glucose and sensor glucose measured by the Guardian RT continuous glucose monitoring system in young subjects with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Twelve children and adolescents with T1D treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (male/female 7/5; age 13.1 +/- 4.2 years; body mass index 21.9 +/- 4.3 kg/m(2); mean +/- sd) were studied over 19 h in a Clinical Research Facility. Guardian RT was calibrated every 6 h and sensor glucose measured every 5 min. Reference blood glucose was measured every 15 min using a YSI 2300 STAT Plus Analyser. A population compartment model of sensor glucose-blood glucose kinetics was adopted to estimate the time delay, the calibration scale and the calibration shift. RESULTS The population median of the time delay was 15.8 (interquartile range 15.2, 16.5) min, which was corroborated by correlation analysis between blood glucose and 15-min delayed sensor glucose. The delay has a relatively low intersubject variability, with 95% of individuals predicted to have delays between 10.4 and 24.3 min. Population medians (interquartile range) for the scale and shift are 0.800 (0.777, 0.823) (unitless) and 1.66 (1.47, 1.84) mmol/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In young subjects with T1D, the total time delay associated with the Guardian RT system was approximately 15 min. This is twice that expected on physiological grounds, suggesting a 5- to 10-min delay because of data processing. Delays above 25 min are rarely to be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wei
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|