Decadal decline of dominant copepod species in the North Sea is associated with ocean warming: Importance of marine heatwaves

Time-series are crucial to understand the status of zooplankton communities and to anticipate changes that might affect the entire food web. Long-term time series allow us to understand impacts of multiple environmental and anthropogenic stressors, such as chemical pollution and ocean warming, on the marine ecosystems. Here, a recent time series (2018-2022) of abundance data of four dominant calanoid and one harpacticoid copepod species from the Belgian Part of the North Sea was combined with previously collected (2009-2010, 2015-2016) datasets for the same study area. The time series reveals a significant decrease (up to two orders of magnitude) in calanoid copepod abundance (Temora longicornis, Acartia clausi, Centropages spp., Calanus helgolandicus), while this was not the case for the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. We applied generalized additive models to quantify the relative contribution of temperature, nutrients, salinity, primary production, turbidity and pollution (anthropogenic chemicals, i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) to the population dynamics of these species. Temperature, turbidity and chlorophyll a concentrations were the only variables consistently showing a relative high contribution in all models predicting the abundances of the selected species. The observed heat waves which occurred during the summer periods of the investigated years coincided with population collapses (versus population densities in non-heatwave years) and are considered the most likely cause for the observed copepod abundance decreases. Moreover, the recorded water temperatures during these heatwaves correspond to the physiological thermal limit of some of the studied species. As far as we know, this is the first study to observe ocean warming and marine heat waves having such a dramatic impact (population collapse) on the dominant zooplankton species in shallow coastal areas.

Discovery of a Lineage of Soil-Dwelling Medetera Species with Multi-Coloured Eyes in Southern Europe (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

Seven species in the genus Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) are described here: Medetera aglaops sp. nov., Medetera corsicana sp. nov., Medetera gibbosipyga sp. nov., Medetera hispanica sp. nov., Medetera lusitana sp. nov., Medetera parva sp. nov., and Medetera rectipyga sp. nov. They all originate from the wider Mediterranean region in southwestern Europe (Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Corsica, Sardinia). The most striking feature in most of the species is the bi- or multicolour pattern of the eyes, most conspicuous in Medetera aglaops sp. nov. and Medetera lusitana sp. nov. This character is shared by the male and female sex and is thus not regarded as Male Secondary Sexual Character. All species belong to the Medetera apicalis species group sensu Bickel and are closely related based on shared characters in the hypandrium and cercus. Interestingly, three species with and four species without the basal pair of anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristles on the mid tibia are represented. This suggests that this diagnostic character has less phylogenetic relevance than previously anticipated. Unlike most Palaearctic Medetera, at least five of the new species are mostly found on rocky substrates in dry biotopes with a sclerophyllous vegetation. This further supports their relationship with species of the Medetera muralis subclade sensu Pollet, Germann and Bernasconi.

LifeWatch observatory data: phytoplankton observations in the Belgian Part of the North Sea

Background

This paper describes a phytoplankton data series generated through systematic observations in the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS). Phytoplankton samples were collected during multidisciplinary sampling campaigns, visiting nine nearshore stations with monthly frequency and an additional eight offshore stations on a seasonal basis.

New information

The data series contain taxon-specific phytoplankton densities determined by analysis with the Flow Cytometer And Microscope (FlowCAM®) and associated image-based classification. The classification is performed by two separate semi-automated classification systems, followed by manual validation by taxonomic experts. To date, 637,819 biological particles have been collected and identified, yielding a large dataset of validated phytoplankton images. The collection and processing of the 2017–2018 dataset are described, along with its data curation, quality control and data storage. In addition, the classification of images using image classification algorithms, based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) from 2019 onwards, is also described. Data are published in a standardised format together with environmental parameters, accompanied by extensive metadata descriptions and finally labelled with digital identifiers for traceability. The data are published under a CC‐BY 4.0 licence, allowing the use of the data under the condition of providing the reference to the source.

A new species of Pherbellia (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran

Pherbellia jalili Mortelmans Kazerani sp. nov. is described based on 5 males and 4 females. The new species is associated with old deciduous forest and is found only in the Hyrcanean forest in Iran. It is compared with its sister species, P. annulipes (Zetterstedt, 1846), and a comprehensive distribution map for both species is given. The key to species of this group of Pherbellia is updated including the Japanese Pherbellia tricolor Sueyoshi, 2001. Barcodes are generated for P. jalili sp. nov., P. annulipes, and P. nana nana (Fallén, 1820).

Nutrient, pigment, suspended matter and turbidity measurements in the Belgian part of the North Sea

Through regular sampling surveys, the Flanders Marine Institute is generating long term data series for the Belgian coastal water and sand bank systems, a designated site in the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. The data series is built on sampling activities initiated in 2002, but gradually upgraded and extended in the framework of the LifeWatch marine observatory and the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) participation. Nine nearshore stations are sampled monthly, with additional seasonal sampling of eight offshore stations. This paper presents the generated data series for nutrients, pigments, suspended matter and turbidity. The collection, methodology and processing of the 2002–2018 dataset is described, along with its data curation, integration and quality control. Yearly versions of the data are published online in a standardized format, accompanied with extensive metadata description and labelled with digital identifiers for traceability. Data is published under a CC-BY license, allowing use of the data under the condition of providing reference to the original source.

Design Type(s)	source-based data analysis objective • data collection and processing objective • observational design
Measurement Type(s)	pigment • nutrient • waterborne particulate matter • Turbidity Measurement
Technology Type(s)	high pressure liquid chromatography • segmented flow analyzer • balance • Secchi disk
Factor Type(s)	temporal_interval
Sample Characteristic(s)	North Sea • sea

Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)

Two marine parasitic crustaceans new to the Belgian fauna

This is a Short Note without an abstract.

The ocean sampling day consortium

Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.

A remarkable new species of Paraphamartania Engel from Portugal (Diptera, Asilidae)

Paraphamartania marvaoensis sp. nov. is described based on three male and one female specimens from Marvão, Portugal. The discovery of this new species of Paraphamartania is of great significance since it shows the occurrence of a second species of Paraphamartania in the western Mediterranean. High resolution pictures of type material of all three species of Paraphamartania are provided together with a key to these three species. DNA barcodes of this new species are provided, so future workers are able to study relationships of Paraphamartania.

Using DNA barcodes for assessing diversity in the family Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea)

Empidoidea is one of the largest extant lineages of flies, but phylogenetic relationships among species of this group are poorly investigated and global diversity remains scarcely assessed. In this context, one of the most enigmatic empidoid families is Hybotidae. Within the framework of a pilot study, we barcoded 339 specimens of Old World hybotids belonging to 164 species and 22 genera (plus two Empis as outgroups) and attempted to evaluate whether patterns of intra- and interspecific divergences match the current taxonomy. We used a large sampling of diverse Hybotidae. The material came from the Palaearctic (Belgium, France, Portugal and Russian Caucasus), the Afrotropic (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and the Oriental realms (Singapore and Thailand). Thereby, we optimized lab protocols for barcoding hybotids. Although DNA barcodes generally well distinguished recognized taxa, the study also revealed a number of unexpected phenomena: e.g., undescribed taxa found within morphologically very similar or identical specimens, especially when geographic distance was large; some morphologically distinct species showed no genetic divergence; or different pattern of intraspecific divergence between populations or closely related species. Using COI sequences and simple Neighbour-Joining tree reconstructions, the monophyly of many species- and genus-level taxa was well supported, but more inclusive taxonomical levels did not receive significant bootstrap support. We conclude that in hybotids DNA barcoding might be well used to identify species, when two main constraints are considered. First, incomplete barcoding libraries hinder efficient (correct) identification. Therefore, extra efforts are needed to increase the representation of hybotids in these databases. Second, the spatial scale of sampling has to be taken into account, and especially for widespread species or species complexes with unclear taxonomy, an integrative approach has to be used to clarify species boundaries and identities.

Barnidipine monotherapy and combination therapy in older patients with essential hypertension: a long-term study

The long-term (2 year) safety and efficacy of barnidipine was assessed in an open-label, dose-titration, multicentre study of 236 patients aged > or = 75 years with a sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or = 95 mmHg. All eligible patients started treatment with barnidipine 10 mg once daily. After at least 4 weeks treatment, the dose of barnidipine was titrated upwards to 20 mg daily in patients who did not achieve normalisation of blood pressure (sitting DBP < 90 mmHg). After at least another 4 weeks of treatment an ACE inhibitor or diuretic was added if necessary. Barnidipine monotherapy was the final treatment in 74% of patients in the ITT population (50% barnidipine 10 mg, 24% barnidipine 20 mg). The overall response rate was 84.1% at endpoint. Overall mean sitting DBP decreased by 18.4 mmHg from 102.1 mmHg at baseline to 83.7 mmHg at endpoint. Although a total of 82.2% of patients reported at least one adverse event, only 37.4% of patients experienced an adverse event that was possibly or probably related to the study medication. Many patients experienced adverse events associated with co-existing diseases common in older people. It can be concluded that barnidipine as monotherapy or in combination with ACE inhibitors or diuretics is safe and effective in older patients with essential hypertension.

Infectivity of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense for baboons (Papio hamadryas, Papio papio)

In order to study sensitivity or resistance of T.b. gambiense to baboon serum, two species of baboons, P. hamadryas and P. papio were inoculated with T.b. gambiense clone LiTat 1.1. Both species were receptive to infection but, parasitological and immunological parameters showed that P. papio was more trypanotolerant than P. hamadryas. The VAT-specific trypanolysis test and the ELISA, using MoAb for circulating antigen detection may be appropriate for the diagnosis of human trypanosomiasis due to T.b. gambiense.

Characterization of a Trichinella isolate from polar bear

An isolate of Trichinella of polar bear origin was studied by isoenzymatic typing. It was found referable to Trichinella nativa. While the Wistar rats proved nearly refractory to this isolate, the Swiss albino mice were highly susceptible. Ninety-one per cent of the cystic lesions in the diaphragm of the polar bear contained viable larvae after over 20 years of acquisition of the infection by the host which is a case of extreme adaptability of the parasite to its host. The anatomo-pathological aspects of these lesions are studied and the zoonotic significance of this isolate examined.

Non-A, non-B hepatitis-like nuclear particles in nonparenchymal cells of the liver

Nuclear particles, morphologically similar to those seen in hepatocytes during non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, were detected in several types of nonparenchymal cells in 10 human liver-biopsy specimens, including cases of hepatitis A and B and nonviral hepatic disease. They were also found in nonparenchymal cells of the liver in two of four normal chimpanzees and in two of four chimpanzees during experimental NANB viral hepatitis. In nonparenchymal cells the particles formed loose-to-intermediate aggregates, similar to those first described in hepatocytes during NANB hepatitis. Tightly packed aggregates, the predominant pattern in hepatocytes, were generally missing. The high prevalence of morphologically identical particles in various liver diseases and their presence in healthy livers, both in hepatocytes and in nonparenchymal cells not presumed to support the growth of hepatitis viruses, speak against their specificity for NANB hepatitis viruses. It is proposed that the particles represent a newly recognized and widespread cellular feature, of as yet unknown function.

Socio-economic problems related to animal trypanosomiasis in Africa

Animal trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints of rural development in Africa. If trypanosomiasis did not exist in these areas, it is estimated that some regions could carry 3-5 times more livestock. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are old methods used to tackle the problem and are still valuable, provided the number of interventions is limited. Tse-tse fly control is a very useful tool to combat trypanosomiasis but expensive. The sterile male release technique is not economically feasible on a wide scale. Immunization or vaccination is not yet available. Trypanotolerance is a biological phenomenon; it seems to be a valid method, which allow African countries to keep and increase livestock within economically feasible conditions; but inevitably it will be a long exercise.

Are nuclear particles specific for non-A, non-B hepatitis?

This study reports the findings of an electron microscopic search for so-called non-A, non-B nuclear particles in liver biopsies from patients with mainly chronic or prolonged liver disease and from chimpanzees. In patients without hepatitis B virus or acute hepatitis A virus serological markers, non-A, non-B-like nuclear particles were seen in hepatocytes in 28 of 31 cases of presumed non-A, non-B hepatitis, but also in 11 of 12 cases of liver disease not usually attributed to hepatitis viruses. They were also seen in 22 of 24 patients with HBsAg, in 3 of 3 patients with anti-HBc and no HBsAg, in 1 of 2 patients with hepatitis A, in a case of cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and in 16 of 19 patients whose serology was not available or inconclusive. The particles were present in 1 of 8 untreated HBsAg-negative chimpanzees and in 2 of 2 HBsAg-positive chimpanzees. They appeared in 4 of 4 chimpanzees developing non-A, non-B hepatitis following exposure to various inocula. Three patterns of particle aggregates were distinguished, all of which had been shown by others in non-A, non-B hepatitis. Dense aggregates were predominant, while others have shown intermediate aggregates more often; reasons for this difference could be technical. No pattern was specific for any condition. Either non-A, non-B-like nuclear particles, although associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis, are not specific for this condition, or non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses are extremely more common than is currently appreciated.

New ultrastructural marker in hepatocytes in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis

A new ultrastructural cytoplasmic marker designated as type 2, and distinct from type 1 previously associated with NA-NB hepatitis in chimpanzees, was found in hepatocytes of two patients and of one experimentally infected chimpanzee. These cases represent a minority of all cases we studied as presumed NA-NB viral hepatitis. Type 2 marker consists of tubular structures composed of an assembly of ring-like units coated with smaller uniform fragments, accumulated in different patterns in dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary data using immunofluorescence with NA-NB hepatitis convalescent serum and antiserum against fibrinogen are reported. Type 2 marker may represent a different agent or a different reaction pattern to one agent of NA-NB viral hepatitis. Its features are compared with those of hepatitis B.

Serodiagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in experimentally and naturally infected cattle by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

The sensitivity and specificity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis was studied among laboratory reared experimentally infected calves and conventionally raised naturally infected cattle by using a T crassiceps metacestode antigen. The intensity of the metacestode burden in experimentally infected animals had a direct effect on the first appreciable rise in the spectrophotometric extinction values and also on the progressive elevation of these values during the later stages of infection. The animals harbouring less than 100 metacestodes were the most difficult to detect by ELISA. Serum from sheep infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis showed cross-reaction. Among the naturally infected cattle the sensitivity of ELISA was poor; only 37.5 per cent of the 24 proven cases could be diagnosed. One of the nine cattle harbouring natural infection of Fasciola hepatica showed cross-reaction. Of the 69 animals 4.3 per cent showed false positive reactions.

Sheep as an experimental model of Taenia saginata cysticercosis

Taenia saginata cysticercosis was experimentally produced in 4 Soay sheep, 1 four-horned sheep and 1 Texel sheep by oral administration of eggs of the parasite. Some of these sheep were given dexamethasone therapy. The evolution of T. saginata cysticercosis in this host is characterised by a rapid immune reaction so that by 6 weeks after infection almost all the cysts were dead. There were indications that the dexamethasone therapy may have assisted establishment of the infection and to some extent, postponed the process of degeneration.

The chemical restraint of apes and monkeys by means of phencyclidine or ketamine

The anesthetic effects of two drugs, namely, Phencyclidine and Ketamine, used alone or in combination with atropine, were compared during clinical and experimental procedures on different primate species ranging from gorillas, orangutans, white-faced and dwarf chimpanzees, baboons, cercopithecus monkeys to new--world monkeys. It is concluded that both these anesthetics are very good and safe drugs for restraint and anesthesia. Ketamine appeared to be superior to Phencyclidine for use among apes and monkeys in so far as it is shorter acting, has wider safety margin and shorter recovery time, provides better muscle relaxation and is practically without side effects. But Phencyclidine has definite advantage in so far as it is needed is smaller quantity to produce comparable effect of anesthesia.

Localization of larvae of Metastrongylus apri (Gmelin, 1790) Vostokov, 1905, the lungworm of pigs, in the annelid Eisenia foetida Savigny, 1826

The first stage larvae of Metastrongylus apri could be recovered from the crop of Eisenia foetida after 24 hours of their infection. These were found invading the calciferous glands of the annelid as early as 48 hours post-infection. The larvae were subsequently found localized in the calciferous glands. hearts, dorsal vessel, anterior part of crop and part of the oesophagus anterior to the calciferous glands of the annelid. In general, the larvae had a preference for the circulatory vessels of the annelid so that great majority of them inhabit in the vascular system and the blood sinuses of the above mentioned organs.

The chromosomal radiosensitivity of lymphocytes from the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

The yield of chromosomal aberrations induced by exposure to X-irradiation in vitro was studied in the lymphocytes of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), a hominoid ape phylogenically and chromosomally closely related to man. In agreement with the similarity of the chromosome characteristics, no significant difference was observed between man and chimpanzee with respect to the incidence of dicentrics and fragments. It is obvious that the nuclear area, which apparently constitutes the most evident difference between the nuclei of man and chimpanzee lymphocytes, did not play an important role in the yields of aberrations.

Characterization of baboon plasma high-density lipoproteins and of their major apoproteins

Baboon high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation between d = 1.063 and 1.215 g/mL. The HDL contains 48.8% protein and a lipid distribution similar to human HDL. The phospholipid distribution shows a low sphingomyelin value (5.9%), and the fatty acid composition of HDL is comparable to the human data except for the 18:1/18:2 ratio as a result of a higher 18:1 content in the CE and a lower 18:2 concentration in the PL. The major HDL apoproteins isolated on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose had a mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a molecular weight and an amino acid composition similar to human apoA-I. However, the amino acid sequence of the first 30 residues of baboon apoA-I differed from the human apoprotein in residues 15 and 21. Treatment of apoA-I with carboxypeptidase A indicated a carboxyl-terminal sequence of Leu-Ser-Thr-Gln. Baboon apoHDL contained monomeric apoA-II with the mobility of monomeric human apoA-II and a molecular weight of 8500. The amino acid composition differed from the human apoA-II by the presence of arginine and by the absence of half-cystine and isoleucine. The circular dichroic spectra of apoA-I and apoA-II demonstrated a higher helicity compared to the human apoproteins. Recombination studies by microcalorimetry of apoHDL with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) indicated similarities in the thermodynamic binding properties of the HDL apoproteins from man and baboon. The maximal-binding enthalpies of DMPC to apoHDL, apoA-I, and apoA-II were lower for the baboon than for the human apoprotein.

Pseudotuberculosis in the Antwerp Zoo

During the last five years (1970-1974) 42 cases of pseudotuberculosis were diagnosed among the Antwerp Zoo animals. The prevalence of disease, and the distribution frequency of gross lesions in the visceral organs were studied. The susceptibility of different animals and the influence of some factors to the disease are discussed. It demonstrates that Y. pseudotuberculosis, and particularly its two serotypes I and II, constitutes the principal causative agent. Pseudotuberculosis is found to be highly prevalent in cold season.

Excretion of guanidino-derivates in urine of hyperargininemic patients

Quantitative determinations were made for seven guanidino-derivates in urine of patients affected with hyperargininemia, lysine cystinuria, healthy children and adults, goats and monkey. The amount of all seven guanidino-derivates excreted in the urine with the exception of guanidino-succinic acid was large in the case of hyperargininemic patients. Guanidino-succinic acid is found in traces in the urine of these patients, even after arginine loading tests. There is apparently no similarity concerning the guanidino-derivates between the patients with hyperargininemia, a pathological status, and the arginase deficiency in goats and monkeys, a physiological phenomenon.

Chemotherapy of helminthiasis among wild mammals. II. Baylisascaris transfuga (Rudolphi, 1819) Sprent, 1968 infection of polar bear

Effective chemotherapy by Mebendazole of Baylisascaris transfuga infection of five polar bears is reported and a control measure programme directed towards limiting the infection under the prevailing condition is discussed.

Immune response of guinea-pigs to chemically abbreviated prepatent Metastrongylus apri infection

The effect of chemical abbreviation of the primary infection dose (PID) of 160 infective larvae of Metastrongylus apri on the immune status of the guinea-pig host was studied. The criteria used for assessing the status of immunity consisted of clinical manifestations following administration of a challenge infection dose (CID) of 800 infective larvae of M. apri, the rate of worm recovery 15 days post-CID and the rate of mortality following administration of CID. Among the guinea-pigs of the main experimental group, where 15-day-old PID was abbreviated by two parenteral doses of levamisole, a strong immunity to CID given 35 days post-PID was built-up. Against this, all the guinea-pigs of a control group, which did not receive PID, died between 16 and 22 days post-CID. The increase in serum gamma-globulin level of the guinea-pigs, where the PID was abbreviated chemically, suggested that the rise of this globulin fraction in the serum could be in some way related to the resistant state of guinea-pigs.

Nasitrema attenuata (Trematoda) infection of Tursiops truncatus and its potentialities as an aetiological agent of chronic pulmonary lesions

Two cases of Nasitrema sp (Trematoda) infection of the bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, are reported and N. attenuata is briefly redescribed. The adults of the trematode occurring in the nasal sinuses and posterior nasal passage of the dolphins are considered as practically harmless for the host but thier eggs, aspirated deep into the bronchial tree, may initiate a foreign-body of inflammatory reaction in the lungs and continuous aspiration of such eggs may provoke a chronic pneumonia condition.

The incorporation of radioactive uridine into the hepatitis B antigen of a chimpanzee

Radioactive (3H) uridine was incorporated into RNA isolated from the HBsAg of a chimpanzee carrier. HBsAg was purified by precipitation as an immune complex with the IgG fraction of chimpanzee anti-HBs. RNA was extracted from the washed complex with buffered phenol precipitated with alcohol and four nucleotides were identified by thin layer chromatography after alkali degradation.

Ocular lesions in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in cats

Experimental Trypanosoma brucei-infection progressing clinically peak-wise, induces intense proteinleakage in the anterior chamber of cats' and dogs' eyes, with a cyclitislike symptomatology, preceded by hypersensitivity of conjunctiva and respiratory mucosae, together with lacrimation, and facial oedema. The pherogram of aqueous humor is the replica of the serumpherogram at the endstage of the disease and is identical to secondary aqueous. Absence of any significant changes in serumproteins, immunoglobulins and the poor cellular reaction at tissue-level point towards immune unresponsiveness subsequent to experimental protozoal infection. Light-microscopy reveals at the level of the ciliary processes two kinds of cystic formation, the walls of which are formed by ciliary epithelium. One type contains amorphous material next to trypanosomes, macrophages and plasmocyte-like cells; the second type contains also fibrillar structures possibly reminding collagen. Ultramicroscopy suggests these cystic formation to be enlarged ciliary channels. The fenestrated capillary wall showing no changes neither after withdrawal of aqueous, nor after toxic parasite-action, the presence of large proteinmolecules and trypanosomes in the anterior chamber are due to damage to the ciliary epithelium.

[Case of mange in zoo buffaloes caused by a new psoroptic acarina]

The authors describe six cases of mange in buffalos of the Zoo, produced by a new species of a mite Choriopsoroptes syncerus n. sp. (Psoroptidae). The lesions were located on the back, extending from the base of the tail to the withers. The lesions were cured with a combinationn of organophosphor derivatives locally and orally.

Blood groups of pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus): human-type and simian-type

Blood grouping of nine pygmy chimpanzees revealed them to be human-type group A1, M,Rho, and simian-type V.D, CCef, g, H, I, K, L. Only group Nc was polymorphic. Pan paniscus red cells can be easily distinguished from those of Pan troglodytes by the serological characteristics of human-type blood groups A and M. Also, the distribution of the simian-type blood group systems V-A-B and C-E-F are strikingly different in the two species.

Chemotherapy of helminthiasis among wild mammals. I. Lungworm infection of Felis (lynx) canadensis (Kerr)

Lungworm infection of Canada lynx, Felis (Lynx) canadensis, presumably due to Troglostrongylus wilsoni (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae), was successfully cured with the use of Mebendazole.